1.

which of the following substances

acts at the NMJ to excite the muscle
fibers of the motor unit?
acetylcholine ATP creatine
phosphate serotonin

acetylcholine

2.

which of the following muscle fiber

types would be most benificial for a
powerlifter?

type IIb

3.

when throwing a baseball, the

athletes arm is rapidly stretched just
prior to throwing the ball. what
structure detects and responds to
that stretch by reflexively increasing
muscle activity?

muscle spindle

4.

a college volleyball player begins

resistance training for the first time.
what muscle fiber types will
hypertrophy first? fast twitch slow
twitch muscle spindle intrafusal
muscle

fast twitch

a 22 yr old soccer player begins

resistance training for the first time.
his chosen exercises include those for
5.
all major muscle groups. after 3
weeks, he notices an increase in lower
extremity strength. which of the
following best explains this athletes

improved motor control

6.

which of the following results from

adding resistance training to a
marathoners aerobic exercise
training program? max o2 uptake
increases max o2 uptake decreases
short-term endurance may improve
long-term endurance may improve

short term endurance may improve

7.

a weightlifter adds 30 min of intense

(>75% VO2max) stationary bicycle
riding every other day to her
resistance training program. which
of the following describes the effect
this addition will have on her
performance? strength gains are
compromised stre

strength gains are compromised

8.

a bundle of muscle fibers is called

fasiculus

9.

to which of the following structures

do the cross-bridges attach during
muscle action? actin myosin mbridge sarcolemma

actin

which of the following substances

10. regulates muscle actions? potassium
calcium phosphorus selenium

calcium

which of the following best describes

what occurs during a concentric
muscle action? resistance is greater
11. than muscle force resistance is equal
to muscle force resistance is less than
muscle force negative energy is
produced

resistance is less than muscle force

which of the following will increase

force produced during a concentric
muscle action? 1. agonist
12.
prestretching 2. more calcium
released in the myofibril 3. decreased
activity of the antagonist muscle
group 4. faster muscle action

1,2,&3 only

13.

sarcopenia is defined as

reduced muscle size and strength

14.

the knee joint can be described as

cartilaginous synovial axial
multiaxial

synovial

15.

most human limbs operate as which

class of lever?

3rd class

which of the following defines

power? mass * acceleration force *
16.
distance force * velocity torque *
time

force * velocity

to compare performances of lifters of

different body weights, the classical
formula divides the lift by body
17.
weight body weight squared lean
body weight body weight to the 2/3
power

body weight to the 2/3 power

during free weight exercise, muscle

force varies with which of the
following? 1. perpendicular distance
18.
from the weight to the body joint 2.
joint angle 3. movement velocity 4.
movement velocity squared

1, 2, & 3

a vertical jump involves knee, hip,

and shoulder movement in primarily
19.
which plane? sagital perpendicular
frontal transverse

sagital

a person is performing a concentric

isokinetic elbow flexion and
extension exercise. which of the
20.
following types of levers occur at the
elbow during this exercise? first class
second class third class

1st and 3rd

resistance exercise programs

designed to stimulate new bone
formation should emphasize all of the
21.
following EXCEPT loading
specificity metabolic specificity
progressive overload variation in
exercise selection

metabolic specificity

a 50 year old female triathlete is

concerned about osteoporosis, which
of the following exercises would be
22. MOST beneficial for improving her
bone mineral density? front squat leg
(knee) extension bench press lat
pulldown

front squat

a 17 year old HS cross country

runner has been training aerobically
for 6 months in preparation for the
upcoming season. which of the
23.
following adaptations will occur in
the muscles during that time?
1.increased concentration of
glycolytic enzymes 2. hy

4. hypertrophy of type I fibers

which of the following is NOT a

primary function of cartilage? 1. aids
in the attachment of muscle to bone
24. 2. allows smooth articulation between
bones in a joint 3. connects bones
together 4. improves shock
absorption in joints

(3) connects bones together

25.

which ofthe following occurs as a

result of a combination of heavy
resistance training and aerobic
training? a. decreased cartilage
thickness b. joint degeneration c.
increased cartilage thickness d.
decreased collagen amount

c. increased cartilage thickness

in general, which of the following

types of tissue has the poorest blood
26.
supply? a. bone b. muscle c. tendon
d. cartilage

d. cartilage

which of the following is the ultimate

27. source of energy for contraction? a.
GTP b. O2 c. NADH d. ATP

d. ATP

28.

which of the following can be

metabolized anaerobically? a.
protein b. carbohydrate c. fat d.
glycerol

b. carbohydrate

the energy system used depends

primarily on the athlete's a. exercise
29.
intensity b. exercise duration c. state
of training d. body composition

a. exercise intensity

the production of lactic acid results

from the activation of a. the
30.
phosphagen system b. slow glycolysis
c. fast glycolysis d. fat oxidation

c. fast glycolysis

which of the following

pathways/systems has the highest
rate of energy production? a.
31.
phosphagen system b. fast glycolysis
c. fat oxidation d. carbohydrate
oxidation

c. phosphagen system

in the oxidative system

approximately how many ATPs are
32. produced from the degradation of 1
glucose molecule? a. 27 b. 36 c. 38 d.
41

c. 38

which of the following

pathways/systems supports the
33. initiation of all exercise? a. oxidative
system b. phosphagen system c. slow
glycolysis d. fast glycolysis

b. phosphagen system

which of the following enzymes

catalyzes the rate limiting step of
34.
glycolysis? a. PFK b. isocitrate
dehydrogenase c. phosphorylase d.
lactate dehydrogenase

a. PFK

following a bout of resistance

exercise training, acute hormonal
secretions provide all the following
35. information to the body EXCEPT the
a. amount of physiological stress b.
metabolic demands of exercise c. type
of physiological stress d. energy expe

a. amount of physiological stress

which of the following hormones

enhance muscle tissue growth I.
36.
growth hormone II. cortisol III. IGF
IV. progesterone

I and III only

growth hormone provides all of the

following physiological roles
EXCEPT a. increased lipolysis b.
37.
decreased collagen synthesis c.
increased amino acid transport d.
decreased glucose utilization

b. decreased collagen synthesis

which of the following hormones has

the greatest influence on neural
38.
changes? a. growth hormone b.
testosterone c. cortisol d. IGF

b. testosterone

which of the following hormone

levels is higher in women than in men
39.
at rest? a. cortisol b. insulin c.
testosterone d. growth hormone

d. growth hormone

through which of the following valves

does blood flow after contraction of
40.
the left ventricle? a. aortic b. mitral
(bicuspid) c. pulmonary d. tricuspid

a. aortic

from which of the following is the

hearts electrical impulse normally
41.
initiated? a. av node b. sa node c. the
brain d. sympathetic nervous system

b. sa node

which of the following occurs during

the QRS complex of a typical ECG?
I. depolarization of the atrium II.
42.
repolarization of the atrium III.
repolarization of the ventricle IV.
depolarization of the ventricle

II and IV only

in what portion of the lungs does gas

43.
exchange occur? a. bronchus b.
trachea c. alveoli d. pleura

c. alveoli

the amount of blood ejected from the

left ventricle during each beat is the
44.
a. cardiac output b. a-vo2 difference
c. heart rate d. stroke volume

d. stroke volume

all of the following normally increase

during aerobic exercise EXCEPT: a.
45.
end diastolic volume b. cardiac
contractility c. cardiac output d.
diastolic blood pressure

d. diastolic blood pressure

which of the following best describes

the change in stroke volume during
heavy resistance exercise? a.
46.
increases b. decreases by 50% c.
stays the same d. increases, then
plateuas

c. stays the same

the mean arterial pressure is defines

as: a. average blood pressure
throughout the cardiac cycle b.
average of systolic and diastolic
47.
blood pressures c. average systolic
blood pressure during exercise d.
average of blood pressure and heart
rate

a. average blood pressure throughout

the cardiac cycle

high intensity, low repetition

resistance training results in which of
the following adaptations? a.
48.
increased capillary density b.
decreased tidal volume c. improved
o2 extraction d. no change in
maximal o2 uptake

a. increased capillary density

which of the following is an early

adjustment to acclimatizing to high
altitude? a. decreased tidal volume b.
49.
decreased respiration rate c.
increased resting cardiac output d.
increased stroke volume

c. increased resting cardiac output

after which of the following maximal

exercise scenarios would the lactic
acid concentrations be the highest in
50.
the muscles? a. duration 15s b.
duration 30s c. duration 2 min d.
intermittent of 20s each

c. duration of 2 min

chronic training involving the fast

glycolysis energy system results in
improved buffering of which of the
51.
following substances? a. blood
protein b. hydrogen ions c. blood
lactate d. glycogen

b. hydrogen ions

primary training adaptations of elite

aerobically trained athletes include
which of the following? I. increased
52. maximal oxygen uptake II. decreased
blood lactate concentration III.
increased running economy IV.
decreased capillary density

c. I, II, III

which of the following is least likely

to change with overtraining in a
college wrestler? a. maximal
53. anaerobic sprint performance b.
increased muscle strength at various
movement velocities c. resting heart
rate d. mood state

c. resting heart rate

a sprinter just completed a semi-final

800m sprint. which of the following
should he do to facilitate removal of
lactic acid from the blood in
54.
preparation for the finals? a.
perform stretching exercises b. sit in
a shady area c. perform moderate
intens

c. perform moderate intensity

jogging

long term recovery from exercise is

best achieved with: a. proper
55.
nutritional intake b. cold water
immersion c. a proper cool down d.
massage of the agonist muscles

a. proper nutritional intake

56.

following detraining, endurance

athletes first notice a decline in
maximal a. strength b. power c.
oxygen consumption d. heart size

c. oxygen consumption

when males and females are

compared relative to muscle crosssectional area, it appears that the
57. potential for force production is: a.
greater in males b. greater in females
c. equal in males and females d.
dependent upon body weight

c. equal in males and females

which of the following is the most

significant adaptation to chronic
resistance training in older adults? a.
58. increased cardiovascular fitness b.
improved blood lipid profile c.
increased muscle mass d. improved
flexibility

c. increased muscle mass

an 8 yr old boy has observed

dramatic increases in his upper-body
strength following 6 months of
resistance training. which of the
59.
following is most likely to be
responsible for this gain? a.
increased number of muscle fibers b.
increased size of muscle

d. improved neuromuscular
functioning

growth cartilage in children is

located in all of the following
60. locations EXCEPT: a. the diaphysis
b. the epiphyseal plate c. the joint
surface d. apophyseal insertion

a. the diaphysis

all of the following are likely benifits

of preadolescent resistance training
61. EXCEPT increased: a. resistance to
injury b. 1RM strength c. muscle
hypertrophy d. bone density

c. muscle hypertrophy

the condition characterized by a bone

mineral density more than 2.5 SD
62. below the young adult mean is called:
a. sarcopenia b. osteopenia c.
osteoporosis d. scoliosis

c. osteoporosis

which of the following should be

evaluated first when designing a
training program for a 68 yr old
63. competitive female tennis player? a.
cardiovascular fitness b. lower body
strength c. balance and agility d.
medical history

d. medical history

deconditioned college female athletes

who participate in sports such as
basketball and soccer appear to be at
64.
increased risk for developing injuries
to the: a. back b. knee c. growth plate
d. head

b. knee

during the closing seconds of a

basketball game, an athletes team is
down by one point and he has been
awarded two free throw shots. the
65.
player is apprehensive about the
outcome ofthe game. which of the
following best describes the athletes
situation? a.

b. he is experiencing state anxiety

an olympic weightlifter attempting a

personal record is able to ignore the
audience to concentrate solely on her
66. performance. which of the following
abilities is this athlete most likely
using to perform the lift? a. selective
attention b. somatic anxie

a. selective attention

prior to performing the long jump,

an athlete reviews and concentrates
on the technique required to jump as
67. far as possible. which of the following
strategies is the athlete using to
prepare for the jump? a. focusing on
task relevant cues b. reliance on

a. focusing on task relevant cues

which of the following is most

important to achieving the ideal
performance state? a. fear of failure
68.
b. analyzing performance c. broad
focus on the activity and the
environment d. personal control

d. personal control

an athletes desire to perform to

his/her potential is an example of: a.
69. motive to avoid failure b. dissociation
c. intrinsic motivation d. achievement
motivation

c. intrinsic motivation

for the high school football team, if

any player squats two times his
bodyweight, his name is placed on
70. the wall. this is an example of: a.
negative reinforcement b. positive
reinforcement c. negative
punishment d. positive punishment

b. positive reinforcement

how does an athlete's amount, or

latitude, of optimal arousal change
with limited skill and ability of the
71.
activity? a. it increases b. it decreases
c. it has no effect d. performance
improves with greater arousal

a. it decreases