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PE/DCL/DD/000036
18.04 / EN
Standard
16/01/2009
External document
PUBLICATION HISTORY
System release: GSM/BSS V18
January 2009
Issue 18.04/EN
Update for v18 Customer Readiness after review (iPOR Id 422749)
December 2008
Issue 18.03/EN
Update for v18 Channel Readiness
AMR Maximization parameters ( 5.38), Single BCCH Multizone Enhancement ( 5.20)
Enhanced Very Early Assignment ( 5.46).
October 2008
Issue 18.02/EN
Update for v18 Customer Readiness after review (iPOR Id 391287)
AMR Maximization parameters ( 5.38).
September 2008
Issue 18.01/EN
Update for v18 Customer Readiness
2G 3G UTRAN FDD TDD Cell Reselection ( 4.4) Single BCCH Multizone Enhancement
(4.8.2, 4.8.6, 4.10.6); AMR Based on Traffic (4.22.8); AMR Maximization ( 4.22.9);
Queuing HR ( 4.22.10 ); Repeated Downlink FACCH ( 4.22.11); Smart BTS Power
Management (4.28 ); Enhanced Very Early Assignment ( 4.29).
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May 2008
Issue 17.04/EN
Update for v17 Channel Readiness + 8 Weeks.
Update of 2G-3G Reselection description (4.8.24);
March 2008
Issue 17.03/EN
Update for v17 Channel Readiness.
Update of Enhanced Measurement Reporting Parameters (4.8.24); update of GSM to UMTS
handovers parameters (4.5.8); clarification on msTxPwrMax2ndBand on Power Control
Parameters section ( 5.16)
October 2007
Issue 17.02/EN
Update for v17 Customer Readiness.
Update of GSM to UMTS handover with normal measurement reporting (4.8.24); update of
legacy measurement reporting to include UTRAN neighbours (4.5.8); update of reporting
priority criteria used in EMR (4.6.5); summary of differences between MR and EMR (4.6.8);
new section on eMLPP Preemption (4.12); clarification of types of TDMA priorities (6.19.2);
new recommendation for trafficPCMAllocationPriority; new range for hoMarginBeg;
clarification of bscHopReconfUse; diversity mandatory for ICA (4.18); list of Railway
parameters (3.3); update of handover decision table for AMR TCH (4.8.4); clarification of
Downlink DTX activation (4.11.10).
July 2007
Issue 17.01/EN
Update for v17 Business Readiness + 21 weeks:
Legacy measurement report (4.5); Enhanced Measurement Report (4.6); Downlink FER
(4.6.11); GSM to UMTS Handover (4.8.24, 7.7); Single BCCH Multizone Enhancement
(4.8.2, 4.8.6, 4.10.6); AMR-HR on preempted pDTCH (4.22.6, impact on AboT 4.22.8);
A5/3 Encryption (4.27); Smart BTS Power management (4.28); Novel adaptive receiver
(4.26); BSS CS Paging Coordination (4.13.8); H3 impact on BTS cabinet power setting
(4.16); new recommended values for modeModifyMandatory (5.18); addition of RxQual
criteria for interzone handovers (4.8.6); removal of reference to gsmProtocol in ICA (5.30);
Sysinfo broadcast cycle (4.17.3).
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March 2007
Issue 16.04/EN
Update for V16 ChR + 8 Weeks: Update of Network Synchronization ( 4.34); Update of TX
Power Offset for signalling Channels parameters ( 5.34); Update of network Synchronization
Impacts ( 6.36); Addition of Network Synchronization Engineering planning ( 6.37) and
Network Synchronization First Trial Results ( 6.38)
November 2006
Issue 16.03/EN
Update for V16 ChR after review: Update of CellAllocation ( 5.21); update PCM error
correction ( 4.17.3); update of AMR based on traffic parameters ( 5.34)
October 2006
Issue 16.02/EN
Update for V16 ChR: Update of TEPMOS for AMR and not EFR calls ( 6.32.2 and 6.32.6)
I Multipaging command message ( 4.10.5); UI Multipaging command message ( 4.10.6);
Tx Power Offset for signalling Channels ( 4.23.9); update coderPoolConfiguration ( 5.34);
update PCM error correction ( 4.17.3); update rescue Handover ( 4.6.1) and PBGT formula
( 4.5.1); PCM priority ( 6.27.5); update Cabinet power description ( 4.13.1)
May 2006
Issue 16.01/EN
Update for V16 CuR: 6.16 Frequency Spacing Between Two TRXs of the Same Area
March 2006
Issue 16.0/EN
Update for V16. CuR: Repeated Downlink FACCH ( 4.23.8); Tx Power Offset for signalling
Channels ( 4.23.9); Directed Retry Handover and queuing ( 4.5.5, 4.23.5 removed from
WPS description); updates on CellAllocation and mobileAllocation description ( 5.21);updates
on AMR mechanism ( 4.23.2, 4.23.4);updates on TCH allocation management ( 4.9.1,
4.9.2); updates on interference cancellation ( 4.15, 6.22); update on lRxQualDLH and
lRxQualULH description ( 5.10);update on dARPPh1Priority description ( 5.36); update
coderPoolConfiguration ( 5.34); update on extended cell description ( 5.12)
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CONTENTS
1.
OBJECT ..................................................................................................................................13
SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................13
AUDIENCE FOR THIS DOCUMENT ..............................................................................................13
DISCLAIMER ...........................................................................................................................13
DOCUMENT STRUCTURE ..........................................................................................................14
UPDATES TO PREVIOUS RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................15
1.6.1
1.6.2
2.
3.
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.9
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.12
3.4.13
3.4.14
3.4.15
3.4.16
3.4.17
3.4.18
3.4.19
3.4.20
3.4.21
3.4.22
3.4.23
3.4.24
3.4.25
3.4.26
3.4.27
3.4.28
3.4.29
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ALGORITHMS .............................................................................................................................37
4.1.
4.2.
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................37
CONVENTIONS AND UNITS .......................................................................................................37
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.3.
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.4.
Overview .......................................................................................................................43
Selection or reselection between cells of current Location Area ..................................44
Reselection to a cell of a different Location Area..........................................................44
Additional reselection criterion (for phase 2).................................................................45
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.5.
Unit ................................................................................................................................37
Phase 2 BTS and MS maximum transmitting output powers .......................................38
GSM Products sensitivity and power ............................................................................40
Conversion rules ...........................................................................................................41
Accuracy related to measurements ..............................................................................41
Frequency band ............................................................................................................42
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.5.7
Principle.........................................................................................................................53
Neighbour cell Monitoring .............................................................................................53
Serving cell monitoring..................................................................................................54
Reporting Period ...........................................................................................................54
Neighbour Cell Lists ......................................................................................................54
Measurement Report Content.......................................................................................55
Multiband reporting .......................................................................................................56
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4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.6.8
4.6.9
4.6.10
4.6.11
4.7.
General formulas...........................................................................................................75
Direct TCH Allocation....................................................................................................78
Handovers .....................................................................................................................82
Handovers decision priority...........................................................................................85
Directed Retry Handover...............................................................................................87
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell Handover .....................................................90
Rescue Handover .........................................................................................................96
Power Budget Handover ...............................................................................................98
Handover for traffic reasons..........................................................................................98
Handover decision according to adjacent cell priorities and load .............................. 101
Automatic cell tiering .................................................................................................. 102
Microcellular Handover .............................................................................................. 107
Forced Handover ....................................................................................................... 110
Early HandOver Decision........................................................................................... 111
Maximum RxLev for Power Budget ........................................................................... 112
Pre-synchronized HO................................................................................................. 113
Radio channel allocation ............................................................................................ 113
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed retry) .............. 114
Handover to 2nd best candidate when return to old channel .................................... 115
Protection against RunHandover=1 ........................................................................... 115
General protection against HO ping-pong ................................................................. 116
Automatic handover adaptation ................................................................................. 118
Protection against Intracell HO Ping-Pong ................................................................ 121
GSM to UMTS handover............................................................................................ 124
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
4.10.5
4.10.6
4.11.
Principle.........................................................................................................................70
Averaging process ........................................................................................................71
Rescaling.......................................................................................................................72
Missing downlink measurements ..................................................................................72
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
4.8.4
4.8.5
4.8.6
4.8.7
4.8.8
4.8.9
4.8.10
4.8.11
4.8.12
4.8.13
4.8.14
4.8.15
4.8.16
4.8.17
4.8.18
4.8.19
4.8.20
4.8.21
4.8.22
4.8.23
4.8.24
4.9.
4.10.
Principle.........................................................................................................................61
Reporting period............................................................................................................61
Enhanced Measurement Report content ......................................................................61
Neighbour Cell lists .......................................................................................................62
Order of reporting priority of neighbour cells.................................................................63
Measurement Information message .............................................................................63
MI/SACCH scheduling ..................................................................................................66
Main differences between Normal and Enhanced Measurement Reporting ................66
New BSS parameters....................................................................................................67
Impact of EMR on Interference Matrix ..........................................................................68
Impact of EMR on Radio Measurement Distribution (RMD) .........................................69
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.8.
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EMLPP PREEMPTION
4.12.1
4.12.2
4.12.3
4.12.4
4.12.5
4.12.6
4.12.7
4.12.8
4.13.
4.19.1
4.19.2
4.20.
4.17.1
4.17.2
4.17.3
4.18.
4.19.
4.16.1
4.16.2
4.16.3
4.17.
4.15.1
4.15.2
4.15.3
4.16.
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
4.14.4
4.14.5
4.15.
.......................................................................................................... 163
4.13.1
4.13.2
4.13.3
4.13.4
4.13.5
4.13.6
4.13.7
4.13.8
4.14.
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4.21.1
4.21.2
4.22.
Definitions................................................................................................................... 272
Principle...................................................................................................................... 272
BTS Behavior Before Feature Introduction ................................................................ 273
Regular Smart Power Management Behavior ........................................................... 274
Enhanced Smart Power Management Behavior........................................................ 276
Hardware dependence............................................................................................... 276
Activation Guidelines.................................................................................................. 276
4.29.1
4.29.2
4.29.3
5.
Principle...................................................................................................................... 269
Hardware dependence............................................................................................... 269
Ciphering activation rules........................................................................................... 269
Performance impact ................................................................................................... 271
4.28.1
4.28.2
4.28.3
4.28.4
4.28.5
4.28.6
4.28.7
4.29.
Principle...................................................................................................................... 267
HW/SW dependence.................................................................................................. 267
Activation Guidelines.................................................................................................. 267
4.27.1
4.27.2
4.27.3
4.27.4
4.28.
4.26.1
4.26.2
4.26.3
4.27.
Principle...................................................................................................................... 257
WPS Queuing management ................................................................................... 257
WPS Access class barring with class periodic rotation .......................................... 260
WPS Public access bandwith protection................................................................. 260
4.25.1
4.25.2
4.25.3
4.26.
4.23.1
4.23.2
4.23.3
4.23.4
4.24.
4.25.
Principle...................................................................................................................... 211
Performances ............................................................................................................. 212
4.22.1
4.22.2
4.22.3
4.22.4
4.22.5
4.22.6
4.22.7
4.22.8
4.22.9
4.22.10
4.22.11
4.22.12
4.23.
Principle...................................................................................................................... 279
Activation.................................................................................................................... 279
Feature Interworking .................................................................................................. 282
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6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.3.
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6.4.1
6.4.2
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
6.11.
6.19.1
6.19.2
6.20.
Introduction................................................................................................................. 489
OMC-R Parameter settings........................................................................................ 489
Timing HO .................................................................................................................. 490
6.18.1
6.18.2
6.18.3
6.18.4
6.18.5
6.18.6
6.19.
6.17.1
6.17.2
6.17.3
6.18.
6.16.1
6.16.2
6.16.3
6.17.
6.14.1
6.14.2
6.14.3
6.14.4
6.15.
6.16.
6.13.1
6.13.2
6.13.3
6.14.
6.12.1
6.12.2
6.13.
6.11.1
6.11.2
6.11.3
6.12.
6.20.1
6.20.2
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6.21.1
6.21.2
6.22.
7.
6.22.1
6.22.2
6.23.
8.
9.
10.
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1.
1.1.
OBJECT
This document describes BSS GSM and Nortel algorithms and parameters from an
engineering point of view.
This document is written by Nortel BSS experts and contains extensive Nortel BSS
parameters setting know-how. Informations coming from experiments, studies, simulations are
also related in the document.
The parameters are called by the name used in the features and algorithms. For their
corresponding name (when different) at the OMC, refer to [R6].
The parameters described in this document are the ones used in the features and algorithms.
Refer to [R2] to have a description of all BSS parameters.
1.2.
SCOPE
This version is issued for the ChR milestone of the V18 BSS GSM release.
1.3.
1.4.
DISCLAIMER
Depending on particular objective, call profile and network characteristics, a parameter setting
can never be judged as being universally optimized.
The recommended setting presented in this document should result in good network
performance; however several iterations and improvements may be required in order to be
optimal according to customer specificities. Every effort is made to incorporate suggestions
and feedback received from customers.
PRELIMINARY VERSION
The recommended setting has been validated with product and system tests in lab. This
document will be updated and adjusted after the first results from VO site or new Product
Test/End-to-end labs if available.
STANDARD VERSION
This is a living document and the contents will be modified based on feedback received from
R&D, Engineering and customers.
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1.5.
DOCUMENT STRUCTURE
In chapter 3 CLASSIFICATION OF BSS PARAMETERS, BSS algorithm parameters are
presented in alphabetic order according to their group. Process and related objects are also
provided.
Chapter 4 ALGORITHMS describes the GSM Nortel BSS algorithms and recommends ways
to use them efficiently.
BSS parameters used in the algorithms are described in chapter 5 ALGORITHM
PARAMETERS. For each parameter, a recommended value and a default value are given.
Engineering rules explain how to select the parameter value.
In chapter 6 ENGINEERING ISSUE, engineering issues resulting from studies on parameter
setting and on products, simulations and experiments are developped.
Chapter 7 APPENDIX A: MAIN EXCHANGE PROCEDURES AT BSC LEVEL gives the main
exchange procedures at BSC level.
In chapter 8 APPENDIX B: ERLANG TABLE, an Erlang table presents the maximum offered
load according to the number of channels and the blocking rate.
In chapter 9 ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS, the signification of all the abbrevations used
in this document and some key-definitions are explained.
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1.6.
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2.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
2.1.
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
[A1]
2.2.
PE/DCL/DD/000136
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
[R1]
PE/SYS/DD/000065
[R2]
PE/DCL/DD/000007
[R3]
PE/DCL/DD/000000
[R4]
PE/DCL/DD/0124
[R5]
PE/DCL/DD/0125
[R6]
PE/MD/DD/000008
[R7]
PE/DCL/DD/000138
[R8]
PE/BTS/DD/1514
[R9]
PE/SYS/DD/0272
[R10]
PE/SYS/INF/0225
[R11]
PE/SYS/DD/6293
[R12]
PE/SYS/INF/0140
[R13]
PE/SYS/INF/0190
[R14]
PE/SYS/DD/279
[R15]
PE/BTS/DD/0421
[R16]
PE/SYS/DD/0291
[R17]
PE/SYS/DD/0330
[R18]
PE/SYS/DD/0331
[R19]
PE/SYS/DD/0482
[R20]
PE/SYS/DD/010888
[R21]
PE/SYS/INF/0242
[R22]
PE/SYS/DD/0356
[R23]
PE/SYS/DD/0432
[R24]
UMT/SYS/DD/29
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PE/SYS/DD343
[R26]
PE/SYS/DD/486
[R27]
PE/SYS/DD/487
[R28]
PE/SYS/DD/005776
[R29]
PE/BSS/APP/012435
[R30]
PE/SYS/DD/005321
[R31]
PE/SYS/DD/0231
[R32]
PE/IRC/APP/014199
[R33]
PE/BSS/APP/0115
[R34]
PE/IRC/APP/021006
[R35]
PE/SYS/DD/016451
[R36]
PE/SYS/DD/016458
[R37]
PE/DCL/DD/018141
[R38]
PE/SYS/DD/012303
[R39]
PE/SYS/DD/005337
[R40]
PE/SYS/DD/16945
[R41]
PE/SYS/DD/16359
[R42]
PE/SYS/DD/21289
[R43]
PE/SYS/DD/11409
[R44]
PE/SYS/DD/021592
[R45]
PE/SYS/DD/012171
[R46]
PE/SYS/DD/019402
[R47]
PE/DCL/DD/014271
[R48]
PE/DCL/DD/014272
[R49]
PE/DCL/DD/014273
[R50]
PE/DCL/DD/014274
[R51]
PE/DCL/DD/014275
[R52]
PE/DCL/DD/014276
[R53]
PE/DCL/DD/014277
[R54]
PE/DCL/DD/014278
[R55]
PE/DCL/DD/014289
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PE/DCL/DD/018541
[R57]
PE/SYS/DD/21412
[R58]
PE/DCL/DD/14283
[R59]
PE/SYS/DD/022558
[R60]
PE/SYS/DD/021721
AMR Maximization
[R61]
PE/SYS/DD/022865
[R62]
PE/SYS/DD/021567
[R63]
PE/DCL/DD/014280
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3.
3.1.
PARAMETER LIST
The following table gives a classification of the main BSS tunable parameters sorted by
alphabetical order, the object they are associated to at the OMC-R (as they are described in
[R1]) and the main features using those parameters.
Parameter name
BSS
Object-
accessClassCongestion
V9
bts
adaptiveReceiver
V17
transceiver
adjacent_cell_umbrella_ref
V9
bts
allocPriorityTable
V7
bts
allocPriorityThreshold
V7
bts
allocPriorityTimers
V7
bts
allocWaitThreshold
V7
bts
Queuing
WPS Queuing management
allOtherCasesPriority
V7
bts
amrUlFrAdaptationSet
V15
bts
amrUlHrAdaptationSet
V15
bts
amrDlFrAdaptationSet
V15
bts
amrUlHrAdaptationSet
V15
bts
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
V14
bts
Queuing
V14
bts
amrDirectAllocRxLevDL
V14
bts
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
V14
bts
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh
V14
handOverControl
V14
handOverControl
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh
V14
handOverControl
amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh
V14
handOverControl
amriRxLevDLH
V14
handOverControl
amriRxLevULH
V14
handOverControl
amrReserved1
V16
handOverControl
amrReserved2
V14
handOverControl
answerPagingPriority
V7
bts
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V7
bts
averagingPeriod
V7
handOverControl
baseColourCode
V7
bts
bCCHFrequency
V7
adjacentCellHandover
bCCHFrequency
V7
adjacentCellReselecti
on
bCCHFrequency
V7
bts
biZonePowerOffset
V12
adjacentCellHandover
General formulas
Direct TCH Allocation
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
biZonePowerOffset
V12
handoverControl
General formulas
Direct TCH Allocation
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
bscHopReconfUse
V8
bsc
Reconfiguration procedure
bscMSAccessClassBarringFunction
bscQueuingOption
V9
bsc
V7
signallingPoint
Queuing
WPS Queuing management
bsMsmtProcessingMode
V7
bts
Measurement Processing
bsPowerControl
V7
powerControl
bssMapT1
V7
bsc
bssMapT12
V7
bsc
bssMapT13
V7
bsc
bssMapT19
V8
bsc
bssMapT20
V8
bsc
bssMapT4
V7
bsc
bssMapT7
V7
bsc
bssMapT8
V7
bsc
bssMapTchoke
V7
bsc
bssPagingCoordination
V17
bts
bssSccpConnEst
V7
signallingPoint
bsTxPwrMax
V7
powerControl
btsSMSynchroMode
V15
btsSiteManager
Network Synchronization
V9
bts
V12
btsHopReconfRestart
V8
bts
Reconfiguration procedure
btsIsHopping
V7
bts
Frequency Hopping
btsMSAccessClassBarringFunction
V9
bts
btsThresholdHopReconf
V8
bts
Reconfiguration procedure
callClearing
V7
bts
callReestablishment
V7
bts
callReestablishmentPriority
V7
bts
capacityTimeRejection
V14
handOverControl
Queuing
Protection against Intracell HO Ping-Pong
AMR Handover mechanisms
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V7
bts
Frequency Hopping
cellBarQualify
V8
bts
cellBarred
V7
bts
cellDeletionCount
V7
bts
Measurement Processing
Handovers screening
cellDtxDownLink
V7
bts
DTX
cellReselectHysteresis
V8
bts
cellReselectOffset
V7
bts
cellReselInd
V8
bts
cellType
V7
adjacentCellHandOver
Microcellular Algo
cellType
V7
bts
Microcellular Algo
channelType
V7
channel
cId
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
coderPoolConfiguration
V14
transcoder
compressedModeUTRAN
V17
bts
concentAlgoExtMsRange
V9
handOverControl
concentAlgoExtRxLev
V9
handOverControl
concentAlgoExtRxLevUL
V18
handOverControl
concentAlgoIntMsRange
V9
handOverControl
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
concentAlgoIntRxLev
V9
handOverControl
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
concentAlgoIntRxLevUL
V18
handOverControl
concentric_cell
V9
bts
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
btsSiteManager
V12
cpueNumber
V12
V8
signallingPoint
dARPPh1Priority
V15
transceiver
Network Synchronization
Data14_4OnNoHoppingTs
V12
bts
V11
transcoder board
V11
bts
V11
signallingPoint
V11
bts
V11
signallingPoint
delayBetweenRetrans
V8
bts
directAllocIntFrRxLevDL
V18
handOverControl
directAllocIntFrRxLevUL
V18
handOverControl
directedRetry
V9
adjacentCellHandOver
directedRetryModeUsed
V9
bts
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V12
bts
distHreqt
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
distWtsList
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
diversity
V7
bts
Interference Cancellation
diversityUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
dtxMode
V7
bts
DTX
V14
EATrafficLoadEnd
V18
bts
EATrafficLoadStart
V18
bts
V10
bts
earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN
V17
bts
emergencyCallPriority
V7
bts
enableRepeatedFacchFr
V16
bts
enableRepeatedFacchHr
V18
bts
encrypAlgoAssComp
V8
signallingPoint
encrypAlgoCiphModComp
V8
signallingPoint
encrypAlgoHoPerf
V8
signallingPoint
encrypAlgoHoReq
V8
signallingPoint
encryptionAlgorSupported
V7
bsc
enhancedTRAUFrameIndication
V12
bsc
enhCellTieringConfiguration
V14
handOverControl
estimatedSiteLoad
V15
btsSiteManager
extended cell
V9
bts
facchPowerOffset
V16
bts
fDDARFCN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
fDDMultiratReporting
V17
bts
fDDreportingThreshold
V17
handOverControl
fDDreportingThreshold2
V17
handOverControl
fhsRef
V7
channel
Frequency Hopping
filteredTrafficCoefficient
fnOffset
V15
bts
V15
btsSiteManager
Network Synchronization
V9
adjacentCellHandOver
Forced Handover
fullHRCellLoadEnd
V18
bts
AMR Maximization
fullHRCellLoadStart
V18
Bts
AMR Maximization
frAMRPriority
V14
transceiver
frPowerControlTargetMode
V14
transceiver
frPowerControlTargetModeDl
V16
powerControl
gprsNetworkModeOperation
V15
bts
gprsPreemptionForHR
V17
bsc
gsmToUmtsReselection
V14
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
gsmToUMTSServiceHo
V17
bsc
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V7
handOverControl
hoMargin
V7
adjacentCellHandOver
Handovers
Power budget formula
Handover for traffic reasons
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell
handover
Automatic handover adaptation
hoMarginAMR
V14
adjacentCellHandOver
hoMarginAMRUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoMarginBeg
V11
bts
Handovers
Handovers
V8
adjacentCellHandOver
hoMarginDistUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoMarginRxLev
V8
adjacentCellHandOver
Handovers
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell
handover
hoMarginRxLevUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoMarginRxQual
V8
adjacentCellHandOver
Handovers
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell
handover
hoMarginRxQualUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoMarginTiering
V14
handOverControl
hoMarginTrafficOffset
V12
adjacentCellHandOver
hoMarginTrafficOffsetUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoMarginUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
V12
adjacentCellHandOver
hoPingpongCombination
V14
hoPingpongCombinationUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoPingpongTimeRejection
V12
adjacentCellHandOver
hoPingpongTimeRejectionUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoppingSequenceNumber
V7
frequencyHopSystem
hoRejectionTimeOverloadUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
hoSecondBestCellConfiguration
V9
bsc
hoTraffic
V12
bsc
hoTraffic
V12
bts
hrAMRPriority
V14
transceiver
hrCellLoadEnd
V14
bts
hrCellLoadStart
V14
bts
hrPowerControlTargetMode
V14
powerControl
hrPowerControlTargetModeDl
V16
powerControl
incomingHandOver
V7
handOverControl
Handovers
interBscDirectedRetry
V9
bsc
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V9
bts
interCellHOExtPriority
V7
bts
interCellHOIntPriority
V7
bts
interferenceType
V12
adjacentCellHandover
V10
bts
Interference Cancellation
intraBscDirectedRetry
V9
bsc
intraBscDirectedRetryFromCell
V9
bts
intraCell
V7
handOverControl
V12
intraCellHOIntPriority
V7
bts
intraCellQueuing
V8
bts
Queuing
intraCellSDCCH
V8
handOverControl
layer3MsgCyphModComp
V8
signallingPoint
locationAreaCodeUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
lRxLevDLH
V7
handOverControl
Queuing
V7
powerControl
lRxLevULH
V7
handOverControl
lRxLevULP
V7
powerControl
lRxQualDLH
V7
handOverControl
lRxQualDLP
V7
powerControl
lRxQualULH
V7
handOverControl
lRxQualULP
V7
powerControl
V7
channel
masterBtsSmId
V15
btsSiteManager
Network Synchronization
maxNumberRetransmission
V8
bts
measurementProcAlgorithm
V12
bts
Measurement Processing
Direct TCH Allocation and Handover
Algorithms
microCellCaptureTimer
V8
adjacentCellHandOver
Microcellular Algo
microCellStability
V8
adjacentCellHandOver
Microcellular Algo
minNbOfTDMA
V7
bts
missDistWt
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
missRxLevWt
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
missRxQualWt
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
mobileCountryCodeUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
mobileNetworkCodeUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
mobileAllocation
V7
frequencyHopSystem
modeModifyMandatory
V9
bsc
msBtsDistanceInterCell
V7
handOverControl
Handovers screening
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V7
handOverControl
msTxPwrMax
V7
bts
msTxPwrMax2ndBand
V12
bts
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handove
msTxPwrMaxCCH
V7
bts
msTxPwrMaxCell
V7
adjacentCellHandOver
General formulas
Handovers screening
Directed Retry Handover: BTS
Forced Handover
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell
handover
Power Control Algorithms
V10
bts
Multiband reporting
Enhanced Measurement Reporting
GSM to UMTS handover
nbLargeReuseDataChannels
V14
bts
nbOfRepeat
V8
bts
nCapacityFRRequestedCodec
V14
handOverControl
neighDisfavorOffset
V14
handOverControl
V9
powerControl
V12
nFRRequestedCodec
V14
handOverControl
nHRRequestedCodec
V14
handOverControl
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant
V7
bts
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
V7
bts
notAllowedAccessClasses
V7
bts
numberOfPwciSamples
V14
handOverControl
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
V7
bts
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
V9
bts
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion
V9
bts
numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion
V9
bts
numberOfTCHQueuedToEndCongestion
V9
bts
offsetLoad
V12
adjacentCellHandover
offsetPriority
V12
adjacentCellHandover
offsetPriorityUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
otherServicesPriority
V7
bts
pagingOnCell
V9
bts
pcmErrorCorrection
V12
bts
penaltyTime
V8
bts
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V7
handOverControl
Handovers screening
Power budget formula
Handover for traffic reasons
powerControlIndicator
V7
bts
powerIncrStepSizeDL
V14
powerControl
powerIncrStepSizeUL
V14
powerControl
powerRedStepSizeDL
V14
powerControl
powerRedStepSizeUL
V14
powerControl
preemptionAuthor
V15
signallingPoint
eMLPP Preemption
pRequestedCodec
V14
handOverControl
preSynchroTimingAdvance
V10
adjacentCellHandOver
Pre-synchronized HO
priority
V7
transceiver
processorLoadSupConf
V8
bsc
V12
pwciHreqave
V14
handOverControl
minTimeQualityIntraCellHO
V14
handOverControl
qsearchC
V17
handOverControl
V8
handOverControl
Interference Management
radioLinkTimeout
V7
bts
radResSupBusyTimer
V8
bsc
radResSupervision
V8
bts
radResSupFreeTimer
V8
bsc
reportTypeMeasurement
V17
bts
retransDuration
V8
bts
rlf1
V8
bts
rlf2
V8
bts
rlf3
V8
bts
rNCId
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
rndAccTimAdvThreshold
V8
bts
runCallClear
V7
bts
runHandOver
V7
bts
Handovers
Microcellular Algo
Protection against RunHandover=1
runPwrControl
V7
bts
rxLevAccessMin
V7
bts
rxLevDLIH
V7
handOverControl
rxLevDLPBGT
V11
adjacentCellHandOver
Handovers screening
rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
rxLevHreqave
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
rxLevHreqaveBeg
V11
handOverControl
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
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V7
adjacentCellHandOver
General formulas
Handovers screening
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell
handover
rxLevMinCellUTRAN
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
V11
handOverControl
rxLevULIH
V7
handOverControl
rxLevWtsList
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
rxNCellHreqave
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
Early HandOver Decision
Automatic handover adaptation
rxQualAveBeg
V14
handOverControl
rxQualDLIH
V7
handOverControl
rxQualHreqave
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
rxQualHreqt
V7
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
rxQualULIH
V12
handOverControl
rxQualWtsList
V12
handOverControl
Measurement Processing
sacchPowerOffset
sacchPowerOffsetSelection
V16
bts
V16
bts
scramblingCode
V17
adjacentCellUTRAN
selfAdaptActivation
V14
bts
selfTuningObs
V12
handOverControl
servingBandReporting
V17
bts
servingBandReportingOffset
V17
handOverControl
servingfactorOffset
V14
handOverControl
V18
bts
siteGsmFctList
V7
btsSiteManager
V9
handOverControl
smartPowerManagementConfig
V17
PowerControl
smartPowerSwitchOffTimer
V17
PowerControl
smsCB
V7
bts
SMS-Cell Broadcast
speechMode
V8
bts
signallingPoint
adjacentCellHandover
adjacentCellReselect
V14
speechMode
V8
V14
V10
V12
V10
V12
standardIndicator
V12
bts
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
synchronized
V7
adjacentCellHandOver
Pre-synchronized HO
t3101
V9
bts
t3103
V9
bts
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V9
bts
t3109
V9
bts
t3111
V9
bts
t3121
V17
bts
t3122
V9
bts
temporaryOffset
V8
bts
thresholdInterference
V7
handOverControl
timeBetweenHOConfiguration
V9
bsc
timerPeriodicUpdateMS
V7
bts
tnOffset
V15
btsSiteManager
trafficPCMAllocationPriority
V9
transceiver
V9
transceiverEquipment
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
V9
transceiverZone
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
transceiverZone
V9
transceiver
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
3GAccessMinLevel
V14
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
3GReselectionARFCN
V14
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
3GReselectionOffset
V14
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
3GSearchLevel
V14
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
3GTechnology
V18
bts
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
uplinkPowerControl
V8
powerControl
uRxLevDLP
V7
powerControl
uRxLevULP
V7
powerControl
uRxQualDLP
V7
powerControl
uRxQualULP
V7
powerControl
VEASDCCHOverflowAllowed
V18
bts
wPSManagement
V15
bsc
wPSQueueStepRotation
V15
bts
V9
transceiverZone
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
zoneFrequencyHopping
V9
transceiverZone
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
zoneFrequencyThreshold
V9
transceiverZone
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell
Handover
Interference Management
Power Budget Handover
V12
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3.2.
Parameter name
sigPowerOverboost
BSS
V16
Object-
bts
extendedTimingAdvanceWindow
V16
bts
highSpeedUplinkDistortionRemoval
V16
bts
3.3.
Parameter name
BSS
Object-
batteryRemoteControllerPresence
V15.1R
btssitemanager
emergencyThreshold
V15.1R
signallingPoint
ASCI Evolutions
eMLPPThreshold
V12.4d
signallingPoint
msPowerClassToggle
V15.1R
bts
nCHPosition
V12.4d
bts
preemptionAuthor (*)
V12.4d
signallingPoint
timerGCCHNotif
V15.1R
signallingPoint
ASCI Evolutions
uplinkReply
V15.1R
bsc
ASCI Evolutions
uplinkReplyTimer
V15.1R
bts
ASCI Evolutions
voiceBroadcastService
V12.4d
signallingPoint
voiceGroupCallService
V12.4d
signallingPoint
(*) Since v15.1, this parameter is also used in GSM for activation of eMLPP radio resource
preemption in the BSS. Other eMLPP parameters are useful only in GSM-R for group calls
(emergencyThreshold and eMLPPThreshold).
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3.4.
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3.4.16 SMS-CB
smsCB, noOfBlocksForAccessGrant, channelType.
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3.4.19 DTX
dtxMode, cellDtxDowlink.
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4.
ALGORITHMS
4.1.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes major BSS GSM algorithms using OMC-R algorithm parameters, both
on the BTS and the MS side.
4.2.
4.2.1 UNIT
Thresholds on signal quality are given in RXQUAL values. Samples measurements are also
reported in RXQUAL values. When internal calculations are performed, RXQUAL values are
converted into bit error rates (BER) using mean values and compared to thresholds which are
also converted into bit error rate. From the V9 BSS release, the comparison is done with the
upper or the lower limit of the BER range.
RxQual value
0.14%
0.28%
0.57%
1.13%
2.26%
4.53%
9.05%
18.10%
Signal strength thresholds are given in dBm (from -110 dBm to -47 dBm).
Signal strength measurements reported by the mobiles and the BTS are given in the rxlev
format (from 0 to 63).
The average signal strength measurement values, which are compared to the rxlev
thresholds, are the integer part of the average result.
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DCS 1800
PCS 1900
Nominal Maximum
Output Power
Nominal Maximum
Output Power
Nominal Maximum
Output Power
Tolerance for
condition
Normal
Extreme
restricted MS Phase 1
1W (30 dBm)
1W (30 dBm)
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
8W (39 dBm)
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
5W (37 dBm)
4W (36 dBm)
2W (33 dBm)
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
2W (33 dBm)
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
Nominal
Output
power
(dBm)
Tolerance
(dB) for
conditions
N
DCS 1800
Power
control
level
Nominal
Output
power
(dBm)
PCS 1900
Tolerance
(dB) for
conditions
N
Power
control
level
Nominal
Output
power
(dBm)
Tolerance
(dB) for
conditions
N
0-2
39
2,5
29
36
2,5
22-29
Reserved
37
30
34
30
33
35
31
32
31
32
33
30
30
31
28
28
29
26
26
27
24
24
25
22
22
10
23
20
20
11
21
18
18
12
19
16
16
13
17
14
14
14
15
12
12
15
13
10
10
10
10
16
11
11
11
17
12
12
18
13
13
19-31
14
14
15-28
15
16-21
Reserved
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+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
Normal
Extreme
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
+/- 2 dB
+/- 2,5 dB
Settings will be provided to allow output power to be reduced from its maximum level to at
least six steps of nominally 2 dB with an accuracy of 1 dB to allow a fine adjustment of the
coverage by the network operator. In addition, the actual absolute output power at each static
RF power step (N) shall be 2*N dB below the absolute output power at static RF power step 0
with a tolerance of 3 dB under normal conditions and 4dB under extreme conditions. The
static RF power step 0 will be the actual output power according to the TRX power class.
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Distance (m)
Recommendation accuracy
[0..554[
25 %
[554..1108[
12.5 %
[1108..1662[
6.1 %
[1662..
3.1 %
[34 902..35456[
0.4 %
63
Due to multipath and to MS synchronization accuracy, the gap of timing advances between
two different MS for a given distance can reach 3 bits (i.e. 1,6 km).
The value of the timing advance has an impact on decision taking for handover and call
clearing. The timing advance is calculated by taking into account all the rays coming from a
same signal.
The timing advance must be used carefully as a handover and call clearing criteria, especially
in a microcellular configuration.
+/- 4 dB
+/- 6 dB
+/- 6 dB
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+ 2 / - 2 dB
+ 2 / - 3 dB
+ 2 / - 4 dB
For example, the level difference between two field strengths, which are higher than the
sensivity + 14 dBm, must be within the range of [-2 dB to +2 dB].
Output power tolerance must also be considered in the parameters setting because the
parameters bsTxPwrMax and msTxPwrMax are used in the algorithms.
n range
1 n 124
0 n 124
975 n 1023
0 n 124
955 n 1023
DCS 1800
512 n 885
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 95
PCS 1900
512 n 810
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 80
GSM 450
259 n 293
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 10
GSM 480
306 n 340
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 10
GSM 850
128 n 251
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45
GSM 750
438 n 511
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 30
E-GSM 900
R-GSM 900
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45
Fu(n) = Fl(n) + 45
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4.3.
4.3.1 OVERVIEW
NETWORK SELECTION
At switch-on, the mobile is required to select, among a set of PLMNs that is further defined
below, the highest priority PLMN that is both :
"available"
and "allowable"
An available PLMN is a PLMN on which a cell has been found that is not barred and where
Rxlev > rxLevAccessMin
An allowable PLMN is a PLMN which is not in the list of "forbidden PLMNs" in the MS.
The set of possible PLMNs and their decreasing order of priority is :
the last PLMN on which the MS performed a successful registration (Location area
update);
the Home PLMN (this is the PLMN where the MCC and MNC of the PLMN identity
match the MCC and MNC of the IMSI);
The selection process begins with a signal strength measurement averaging on the
whole frequency band lasting approximately three seconds in order to sort channels
according to their strength.
Then, for the most powerful channel, the MS tries to detect the FCH channel, then
decodes the SCH channel, and if the MNC and MCC are not forbidden, it listens to
SYSTEM INFORMATION 1 to 4 to get full information on that cell and possibly select
it depending on the selection criterion.
If one of the steps fails, the next powerful channel is tried and so on.
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Then, for the most powerful channel, the MS attempts to detect the FCH channel, then
decodes the SCH channel, and if the NCC and BCC are not forbidden, it will listen to
SYSTEM INFORMATION 1 to 4 to get full information on that cell and possibly select
it depending on the selection criterion.
Received levels must be higher than rxlevAccessMin and if a mobile state has a classmark
lower than msTxPwrMaxCCH, it must get closer to the cell to have access to it.
The value used for the parameter cellReselectHysteresis is the-one set in the current serving
cell.
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where t is a timer started as soon as a cell enters the mobile best cell list:
t = penaltyTime if the new cell in the list is the previous serving
cell
t = 0 otherwise
and H(x) is a function:
H(penaltyTime - t) = 0 if t penaltyTime
H(penaltyTime - t) = 1 if t < penaltyTime
temporaryOffset is a negative offset.
By adding an offset (cellReselectOffset) it is possible to give different priorities, for example, to
different types of cells in case of a multilayer network or to different bands when multiband
operation is used.
The timer penaltyTime ensures that the mobile will reselect a cell which has been received
with a sufficient level for a sufficient time. Some microcellular handover algorithms are based
on this C2 reselection principle.
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SELECTION
For the server cell and the neighboring cells, the C1 algorithm is computed. The C2 algorithm
is computed only if cell reselection is used (cellReselInd = true).
A priority is affected to each eligible cell and is only applied to Phase II MS.
IF cellBarQualify = TRUE THEN the cell priority is low, whatever the cellBarred value is.
IF cellBarQualify = FALSE AND IF the cell is barred (cellBarred set to barred) THEN the cell
priority is null (the cell can not be reselected in idle mode).
IF cellBarQualify = FALSE AND IF the cell is not barred THEN the priority is normal.
For a mobile Phase II: if no cell with NORMAL priority is eligible (cell contained in the eligible
list constituted using the C1 algorithm), then the cells with LOW priority are scanned. So even
if a cell is barred, a phase II mobile is able to select this cell, but it will not be able to perform a
call on it.
For a mobile Phase I: it is not possible to reselect a cell that is barred.
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cellBarQualify
Priority
barred
false
no selection possible
barred
true
low
not barred
false
normal
not barred
true
low
Note: To forbid the access of a cell to a MS, the cellBarred set to not barred and
incomingHandover set to disabled, is not sufficient. Care must be taken with the
cellBarQualify that gives the priority.
RESELECTION
There is only one kind of priority which is NORMAL.
IF the cell is barred
AND IF cellBarQualify is false
THEN the reselection is not authorized.
cellBarred
cellBarQualify
Priority
barred
false
no selection possible
barred
true
normal
not barred
false
normal
not barred
true
normal
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4.4.
when leaving UMTS coverage the mobile will reselect a GSM cell
when on a GSM cell a dual-mode mobile will only reselect a GSM cell
switching off-on the mobile will not make the mobile reselect UMTS, since
the mobile is first looking for its last "Registered technology" at power on
using a different PLMN for UMTS (being the mutimode subscriber HPLMN)
and GSM layers can help, but this will not work for the operators not taking
this option
The cell reselection GSM to 3G technology (FDD or TDD) does not require any specific
algorithm in the GSM-BSS. The intersystem reselection only requires pieces of information to
be broadcast on the BCCH by the GSM-BSS:
The broadcast of this information is ensured using the "System Information 2quater" message
Since 3G technology based on FDD or TDD are very closed from a BSS point of view, in V18
a new O&M parameter is available in order to select the 3G technology (FDD or TDD which
are of course exclusive) and configure up to 4 UTRAN ARFCN (TDD or FDD) with appropriate
intersystem cell reselection control parameters. Then the BSC is able to build the SI 2quater
message accordingly.
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3. (CPICH_RSCP(n) FDD_RSCP_threshold)
Where FDD_RSCP_threshold = FDD_RSCPmin min (Pmax -21 dBm)
P_Max is the maximum RF output power of the MS (dBm) in UTRAN FDD mode
(CPICH Ec/No)(n): is the received energy per chip on the Primary CPICH
divided by the power density in the band
The 1st and 3rd conditions ensure a minimum signal level is available from cell n.
The 2nd condition ensures the quality (level of interference) of cell n is acceptable.
The FDD_Qmin_Offset parameter is only supported by multi-RAT mobile rel5 or
above. For multi-RAT MS rel4, rel99 or if the threshold is not provided by the
network, only FDD_Qmin parameter is used for the second condition.
The FDD_RSCPmin parameter is only supported by multi-RAT mobile rel5 or above.
For multi-RAT MS rel4, rel99 or if the threshold is not provided by the network, the
mobile calculates the FDD_RSCP_threshold as follow:
Note: FDD_Qmin_Offset and FDD_RSCPmin are not supported in this version. Thus, as these
parameters will not be provided by the network, the mobile will have the default behavior
specified in 3Gpp Standard
The parameters used by the mobile to perform intersystem FDD cell reselection are the
following.
Nortel Parameter Name
3GSearchLevel
Qsearch_I
Description
3GReselectionOffset
FDD_Qoffset
3GAccessMinLevel
FDD_Qmin
3GReselectionARFCN
FDD_ARFCN
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Description
3GSearchLevel
Qsearch_I
3GReselectionOffset
TDD_Qoffset
3GReselectionARFCN
TDD_ARFCN
LCAUTION!
In order to enable the broadcasting of the SI2Quater on the BCCH the parameter
uMTSReselectionARFCN must be set to a non-null value.
uMTSReselectionARFCN 0 is allowed and other uMTSReselectionARFCN allowed must be
part of the DL ARFCN range defined in the GSM specification
Operating Band
DL ARFCN
UMTS 2000
10562 to 10838
II
UMTS 1900
III
UMTS 1800
1162 to 1513
IV
UMTS 1700/2100
UMTS 850
VI
UMTS 800
VII
UMTS 2600
VIII
UMTS 900
2937 to 3088
IX
UMTS 1700
9237 to 9387
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The broadcast of this new information is ensured using the "System Information 2quater"
message.
When the information is updated (following a change at the OMC-R), the CHANGE MARK bit
is set to a new value.
The System Information 2quater is scheduled either on Normal or Extended BCCH (see
chapter SI2Quater & SI13 on Extended or Normal BCCH):
In this version, neighboring cell scrambling codes are not broadcast, and FDD / TDD
technologies are exclusive (either TDD or FDD ARFCN are broadcast).
Therefore, 3G neighboring cells will be described by up to 4 FDD or TDD AFRCN following 3G
technology selected.
This limitation of 4 ARFCN (TDD or FDD) is due to the fact that the System Information
2quater message segmentation is not supported in this version by the BSS.
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4.5.
4.5.1 PRINCIPLE
Legacy measurement reporting consists in a mobile in dedicated mode - on a TCH or an
SDCCH - sending downlink signal measurements to the network, at regular intervals.
The BSS then uses these measurements in the uplink power control and handover
procedures.
BSIC DECODING
It is essential for the MS to identify precisely which surrounding BTS is being measured in
order to ensure reliable handover. Because of frequency re-use with small cluster sizes, the
BCCH carrier frequency may not be sufficient to uniquely identify a neighbouring cell, i.e. the
cell in which the MS is situated may have more than one surrounding cell using the same
BCCH frequency. Thus it is necessary for the MS to synchronize to and identify the base
station identification code (BSIC). The 6-bit BSIC shall be transmitted by the network on the
SCH channel of each cell.
The MS shall use at least 4 spare frames per SACCH block period for the purpose of decoding
the BSICs (e.g. in the case of TCH, the four idle frames per SACCH block period). These
frames are termed "search" frames.
The MS shall attempt to demodulate the SCH on the BCCH carrier of as many neighbouring
cells as possible, and decode the BSIC as often as possible, and as a minimum at least once
every 10 seconds.
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For a TCH, there is one SACCH burst available every 120 ms.
Note : The BTS also performs uplink signal strength and uplink signal quality measurements .
However, the BTS delays the processing of these uplink measurements by 480 ms or 471 ms
to ensure that they are synchronised with the downlink measurements from the mobile (i.e.
they relate to the same reporting period as the downlink measurements, which the BTS
receives with a 480 ms or 471 ms delay).
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The UTRAN neighbour list is provided to the 2G/3G mobile through Measurement Information
messages sent on SACCH.
(serving cell) RXLEV_FULL : RXLEV computed from 100 (resp. 12) measurement
samples of the mobiles TCH (resp. SDCCH). The samples are measured in each of
the 100 (resp. 12) TDMA frames that transmit either the TCH burst (resp. SDCCH) or
the SACCH burst, over the measurement period.
(serving cell) RXQUAL_FULL : RXQUAL computed from 100 (resp. 12) measurement
samples of the mobiles TCH (resp. SDCCH)
(serving cell) RXLEV_SUB : For a TCH, RXLEV computed from 12 samples taken
from the 4 SACCH bursts and in case of speech only - the 8 Silence Descriptor
(SID) frames. Not applicable for SDCCH because DTX is not allowed on SDCCH : in
that case, RXLEV_SUB = RXLEV_FULL.
(serving cell) RXQUAL_SUB : For a TCH, RXQUAL computed from the same 12
samples as RXLEV_SUB. Not applicable for SDCCH and in that case, RXQUAL_SUB
= RXQUAL_FULL.
The mobile reports every 480 ms for a TCH and every 471 ms for an SDCCH.
3G MEASUREMENT REPORT
The measurement report is the same as for 2G, except for the RXLEV_NCELL of neighbour
UTRAN cells. The RXLEV_NCELL neighbour cell measurement is replaced by the appropriate
measurement for UTRAN. The measurement quantity reported by mobiles could be either
CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/N0. In Nortel implementation, mobiles are told by the network
to report only RSCP measurements on CPICH channels. However, the mobile selects the
UTRAN cells to report, based on internal measurements of the CPICH Ec/N0.
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Value 0 : reporting of the six strongest cells, irrespective of the band used. No band is
favoured.
Value 1, 2 or 3 : reporting of the 1, 2 or 3 strongest neighbour cell(s) in the nonserving band. The remaining positions in the measurement report shall be used for
reporting of cells in the band of the serving cell. If there are still remaining positions,
these shall be used to report the next strongest identified cells in the other bands
irrespective of the band used.
Note that 2G only mobiles never report UTRAN cells. UTRAN cells reporting only concerns
2G-3G mobiles and is performed by these mobiles using normal measurement reports only
when HO 2G-3G is enabled (parameter gsmToUMTSServiceHo not equal to
gsmtoUMTSDisabled) and EMR is disabled. In that case, the network informs the 2G/3G
mobiles of the type of measurement report to be used by sending a parameter called
REPORT_TYPE (3GPP name) / reportTypeMeasurement (Nortel BSS parameter name)
which can take only 2 values : enhanced measurement report or normal measurement
report. It is sent on SACCH inside a message called MEASUREMENT INFORMATION.
BSS PARAMETERS
The choice criteria of 2G and 3G cells that the 2G/3G mobile must include in the Measurement
Report in the list of the 6 cells are driven by 4 network parameters, the use of which is detailed
further on in this subsection :
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search for UTRAN cells if RXLEV of the BCCH of the serving cell is below
threshold (values 0 to 7): - 98, - 94, , - 74 dBm, (always)
or search for UTRAN cells if RXLEV of the BCCH of the serving cell iis above
threshold (values 8 to 15): - 78, - 74, , - 54 dBm, (never)
If the serving cell is not included in the GSM neighbour list defined for handover purposes (this
is always the case according to Nortel Engineeering best practice), and if the dedicated
channel is not on the BCCH frequency, and if qsearchC is not equal to 15, then the mobile
must ignore the qsearchC parameter value and must always search for UTRAN cells.
If qsearchC is equal to 15, the MS must never search for UTRAN cells.
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a valid UTRAN cell is an identified cell where the primary CPICH has been
received by the mobile when using the scrambling code provided for that
frequency in the neighbour cell list.
to be eligible, a valid
fDDReportingThreshold2.
these valid and eligible cells are ranked according to the CPICH RSCP value
and the strongest are included first. The number of such reported cells is
defined by the fDDMultiratReporting parameter.
cells
Ec/N0
must
also
be
greater
than
Strongest GSM cells (including GSM cells of unknown BSIC) in each of the nonserving frequency bands in the neighbour list. The number of such reported cells is
defined by the multiBandreporting parameter.
Strongest GSM cells (including unknown BSIC) in the frequency band of the serving
cell. There is no limitation on the number of such reported cells.
Remaining strongest GSM cells in each of the non-serving frequency bands in the BA
list.
Comments:
Unlike EMR (4.6), this algorithm does not discriminate between GSM cells with
known BSIC and GSM cells with unknown BSIC.
Unlike EMR (4.6), the RxLev of serving band GSM cells are not required to exceed a
reporting threshold.
Unlike EMR (4.6), the RSCP of UTRAN cells is not required to exceed a reporting
threshold.
Unlike EMR (4.6), UTRAN cells are included before GSM cells.
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ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATION
Unlike EMR, a normal measurement report contains 6 cells. Therefore, it is necessary to
exercise caution when setting the parameters fDDMultiRatReporting and multiBandReporting.
These parameters define the number of UTRAN cells and non-serving band GSM cells,
repsectively, that must be included by the mobile in the list of strongest cells in the
measurement report. Therefore it leaves (6 - fDDMultiRatReporting - multiBandReporting)
spaces for the serving band cells.
Therefore, if EMR is disabled, it is recommended not to exceed fDDMultiRatReporting = 2 and
multiBandReporting = 2.
if frequency hopping is used and the BCCH frequency is not part of the Mobile
Allocation frequency list : MS ignores the PWRC flag
if frequency hopping is used and the BCCH frequency is part of the Mobile Allocation
frequency list :
o
if PWRC = 0 : in the RXLEV averaging process, the MS shall use the samples
measured on the TCH channel's Downlink bursts that have been transmitted
by the BTS on the BCCH frequency
In case of Baseband Frequency Hopping (BB FH is the only hopping scheme possible
with Cavity coupling), it is theoretically possible - but not recommended by Nortel - to
include the BCCH frequency in the hopping frequency list. If, in spite of our
recommendation, the BCCH frequency is part of the hopping frequency, then :
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if downlink power control is activated, then the TCH channel's Downlink bursts
transmitted on the BCCH frequency should not be used in the Rxlev
averaging process because, unlike the samples from other frequencies, they
are transmitted at full power : so, PWRC must be = 1 and
powerControlIndicator = "do not include BCCH measurements".
if downlink power control is not activated, then the TCH channel's Downlink
bursts transmitted on the BCCH frequency may be used in the Rxlev
averaging process : PWRC = 0 and powerControlIndicator = "include BCCH
measurements"
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4.6.
4.6.1 PRINCIPLE
Compared to Legacy Measurement Reporting, Enhanced Measurement Reporting allows the
mobile to:
Enhance the information reported about the quality of the signal received by the
mobile (MEAN_BEP and CV_BEP, downlink FER).
Enhanced Measurement Reporting by the mobile may be used in the context of 2G-3G
handover but is not a mandatory prerequisite.
(GSM neighbour cells) RXLEV computed from samples taken on the BCCH frequency
of GSM neighbour cells with the highest signal level. The number of neighbour cells to
be reported belonging to the serving GSM band on the one hand, and to the nonserving GSM band on the other hand, depends on the values of parameters sent by
the network multibandReporting (v10 parameter), servingBandReporting (v17.0
parameter), and servingBandReportingOffset (v17.0 parameter)
(3G neighbour cells) The reported value for 3G neighbour cells is the CPICH RSCP.
The CPICH Ec/N0 is not reported in Nortels current implementation. The number of
neighbour cells to be reported belonging to the 3G technology depends on the values
of parameters sent by the network
fDDMultiratReporting (v17.0 parameter),
fDDreportingThreshold (v17.0 parameter) and fDDreportingThreshold2 (v17.0
parameter)
(GSM serving cell) : The reported values for the GSM serving cell are :
o
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MEAN_BEP : The average over the reporting period of the Mean Bit Error
Probability, computed from each fully received and correctly decoded data
block and from all SACCH frames.
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Highest priority : the number of strongest GSM cells with known and valid BSIC in the
frequency band of the serving cell, according to the value of servingBandReporting;
2nd highest priority : the number of strongest GSM cells with known and valid BSIC in
each of the frequency bands in the BCCH Allocation list, excluding the frequency band
of the serving cell, according to the value of multiBandReporting;
3rd highest priority : the number of best valid UTRAN cells with a reported value equal
or greater than fDDReportingThreshold in the 3G neighbour cell list, according to the
value of fDDmultiRatReporting. Additionally the CPICH Ec/No shall be equal or
greater than fDDReportingThreshold2. A valid cell is an identified cell where the
primary CPICH has been received when using the scrambling code provided for that
frequency in the neighbour cell list.
4th highest priority : the remaining GSM cells with known and valid BSIC or, if allowed
by the flag INVALID_BSIC_REPORTING, with known and allowed NCC part of the
BSIC in any frequency band.
For each of the priority levels above, the mobile shall apply the following rules :
if the number of valid cells is less than indicated, the unused positions in the report
shall be left for cells of lower priority;
if there is not enough space in the report for all valid cells of a given priority, cells shall
be ranked according to :
o
for GSM cells belonging to the non-serving band : RxLev. (reporting offset =
0)
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To do this, the network sends a new information message to the mobiles, called Measurement
Information. The Measurement Information message is regularly sent by the network to the
mobiles in dedicated mode on the SACCH, in addition to System information messages 5,
5bis, 5ter, and 6.
The following mobiles receive MI messages :
CONTENT
In the version of EMR reporting currently implemented, the MI message contains essentially
the following information :
EMR activation flag. The value of this flag is set by the reportTypeMeasurement
parameter.
Information enabling the mobile to derive the full list of GSM neighbour cells, i.e.
(BCCH frequency, BSIC) pairs, that may be reported in EMR reports.
Number of GSM neighbour cells of the serving band that the Mobile shall include in
the list of strongest cells in the EMR report (up to 3). The value of this number is set
by the servingBandReporting parameter.
Threshold power level above which serving band cells may be reported among the
servingBandReporting number of reported cells. In v17 implementation, this threshold
is -110 dBm, meaning that all serving band cells may be reported regardless of their
power level.
(applicable to multi-band mobiles only) Number of GSM neighbour cells of the other
band that the Mobile shall include in the list of strongest cells in the EMR report (up to
3). The value of this number is set by the multiBandReporting parameter (v10
parameter).
(applicable to multi-band mobiles only) Offset to apply to the reported value when
prioritizing the cells for reporting for GSM serving frequency band. The value of this
offset is set by the servingBandReportingOffset parameter
(applicable to 2G-3G mobiles only) UTRAN neighbour cell list : list of FDD (ARFCN,
scrambling code, diversity) triplets, identifying each 3G neighbour cell. The values of
these triplets are set by the following AdjacentCellUTRAN object parameters :
o
fDDARFCN,
scramblingCode,
diversityUTRAN
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Number of FDD cells to be reported in the list of strongest cells in the EMR
message. This number is set by the O&M network parameter
fDDMultiRatReporting.
CPICH RSCP level above which the mobile will apply a higher priority to
UTRAN cells in the EMR message. The value of this level is set by the O&M
network parameter fDDReportingThreshold.
CPICH Ec/N0 level above which the mobile will report UTRAN cells in the
EMR message. The value of this level is set by the O&M network parameter
fDDReportingThreshold2.
Serving cell BCCH frequency power threshold above which, or below which,
the mobile may search for UTRAN cells. The value of this level is set by the
O&M network parameter qsearchC.
If EMR reporting is activated but not 2G-3G handover (i.e. the gsmToUMTSServiceHo
parameter is set to "gsmToUMTSDisabled") :
o
the BSC only sends 2G Measurement Information to the BTS. However, the
BSC does send the whole L1M configuration to the BTS. The BTS is therefroe
aware of the UTRAN neighbouring cells.
(i.e.
the
the BSC sends to the BTS both the 2G Measurement Information and the
2G/3G Measurement Information messages.
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MR
EMR
A parameter (MultiBandReporting) defines the number of nonserving band GSM cells to be included in the report as a
matter of priority
A parameter (MultiBandReporting) defines the num ber of nonserving band GSM cells to be included in the report as a
matter of priority
GSM cells with known BSIC and GSM cells with unknown
BSIC are treated the same
GSM cells with known and valid BSIC have higher priority
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Parameter name
Definition
fDDMultiratReporting
FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING
fDDReportingThreshold
FDD_REPORTINGTHRESHOLD
fDDReportingThreshold2
FDD_REPORTINGTHRESHOLD2
Qsearch_C
reportTypeMeasurement
REPORT_TYPE
servingBandReporting
SERVING_BAND_REPORTING
servingBandReportingOffset
XXX_REPORTING_OFFSET
(XXX=900,1800,400,850,1900)
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With EMR, up to 32 GSM neighbours if no UTRAN cells are defined in the Neighbour
Cell List
This means that the statistical processing induces less systematic bias error in the case of
EMR.
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4.7.
4.7.1 PRINCIPLE
Each sample on the uplink side used by the Layer 1 Management in the average computation
is composed of measurements performed in Watts on several bursts. So the uplink samples
are first computed in Watts before being translated into dBm.
The general idea is to perform arithmetic averages. These averages are stored, and each time
a decision has to be taken, an other average (weighted-average) is computed. This weightedaverage is based on a defined number (Hreqt) of arithmetic averages, which are weighted in
order to favor the latest results.
In the new version of the Layer 1 Management (L1mV2), the process of averaging is based on
fully sliding windows.
Examples for Hreqave = 8, Hreqt = 1, run xx = 4
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for neighbor cells, only the arithmetic average is computed. Furthermore, for L1mV2, when 10
SACCH blocks are missing, that cell is no longer considered and corresponding data is
deleted.
Note: cellDeletionCount is used as an eligibility criterion.
Arithmetic averaging is performed with xx_Hreqave period whereas weighted averaging is
done before algorithm processing, thus, weighted average is executed if run_xx is not a
multiple of xx_Hreqave.
Example for Hreqave = 3, Hreqt = 2, run xx = 4
Notes: In L1mV2, the weighted average is done with the latest not overlapped arithmetic
averages.
Reactivity of the L1mV2 has been improved. The measurements done by the MS and the BTS
during the first SACCH block period is proceeded by the BTS during the second SACCH block
period instead of the third SACCH block period.
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4.7.3 RESCALING
Measurements are stored along with the MS and BS power level (meas_txpwr) reported in
MEAS RESULT, latest power control (MS or BS) is also stored (ref_txpwr).
From the L1mV2, rescaling is done at maximum transmission power (txPwrMax). It means that
the values or averages are adjusted as follows
newLev = oldLev + ((txPwrMax meas_txPwr) * Pwr_to_dbm)
In this way BTS attenuation is already included in RxLevDL and handovers are better
anticipated.
RULE 1
If averaged values are available, missing measurements are replaced by the latest averaged
value multiplied by a weighting factor (missDistWt, missRxLevWt, missRxQualWt).
r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
m1
r7
r8
m5
m2
time
m3
m4
RULE 2
If no average value is available, missing measurements are replaced by the latest
measurement value multiplied by a weighting factor (missDistWt, missRxLevWt,
missRxQualWt).
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r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
m1
r7
r8
m5
m2
time
m3
m4
RULE 3
If no measurement value is available, the missing measurement is replaced by a default value.
r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
m1
r7
r8
m5
m2
time
m3
m4
RULE 4:
In the following, the substitution of a missing value is only done when 6 neighbouring cells are
reported during the considered period.
From L1mV2 missing measurements for neighboring cells are replaced as follows; for both
cases, inputs are:
First case:
IF RxLevNCell1(T) min(RxLevNCell(T+1) of the 6 reported cells)
THEN RxLevNCell1(T+1) = RxLevNCell1(T)
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Second case:
IF RxLevNCell1(T) > min(RxLevNCell(T+1) of the 6 reported cells)
THEN RxLevNCell1(T+1) = min(RxLevNCell(T+1)) - missOffsetdB
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4.8.
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EXP1
The expression named EXP1 used for defining eligible cells:
EXP1(n) = RxLevNCell(n) ave - [ rxLevMinCell(n) + Max(0, msTxPwrMaxCell(n) msTxPwrCapability(n) ) ]
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EXP2
The expression named EXP2 used for defining suitable cells:
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PRINCIPLE
The principle of Direct TCH Allocation is manifold. It consists in the following aspects :
At call setup, to allocate a FR TCH directly into the inner-zone of a multizone cell
At call setup, to allocate an HR TCH directly into the outer-zone of a multizone cell
At call setup, to allocate an HR TCH directly into the inner-zone of a multizone cell
On intercell handover, to allocate a TCH directly into the inner-zone of the target
multizone cell.
At call setup, while the mobile is still on SDCCH (SDCCH is always allocated in the large zone
of a multi-zone cell), the BSC asks the BTS if the call (FR or HR) may be directed to the
appropriate zone by sending the BTS an Abis Connection state request message. The
acknowledgement of this request by the BTS provides the BSC with the information allowing
the BSC to decide to perform the requested TCH allocation.
The BTS uses several criteria to decide which zone is eligible. These criteria have been
altered in v17.0 as explained in the next section.
In the last case, the v17 enhancement consists in the L1M compensating for the lower
reliability of the short average by adding the hoMarginBeg margin to the various allocation
thresholds. For all other cases, there is no change in v17.0.
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INTERCELL HANDOVER
Some handover decisions (Early Power budget or Directed Retry) may be taken using less
than RxLevNcellHreqAve measurements on the neighbouring cell. So, the allocation
information for direct TCH allocation uses by decreasing order of priority:
up
to
In the last case, the L1M now compensates for the lower RxlevNcell average reliability by
adding the hoMarginBeg margin to the BizonePowerOffset(n) parameter in order to ensure the
same grade of service.
Note : If hoMarginBeg parameter is set to 63, inter-cell handover Direct TCH allocation
procedure only uses normal averages.
DirectAllocIntFrRxlevUL
DirectAllocIntFrRxLevDL
CONCENTRIC CELLS
The criteria for a successful direct TCH allocation in the inner-zone are:
RxLevDL > DirectAllocIntFrRxLevDL
And
RxLevUL>DirectAllocIntFrRxLevUL
and
MS_BS_Dist < concentAlgoExtMsRange (timing advance criterion)
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amrDirectAllocRxLevDL
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
CONCENTRIC CELLS
The criteria for a successful direct HR TCH allocation in the outer-zone are :
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amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL
CONCENTRIC CELLS
The criteria for a successful direct HR TCH allocation in the inner-zone are :
If the target cell for handover is a multi-zone cell, the BTS is in charge of indicating to the BSC
if a TCH can be allocated in the inner zone of the target cell. This information is provided in the
"additional cells information IEI within Abis Handover indication or Connection state ack
messages :
This capability (to handover directly in the innerzone/band1 of the adjacent cell) is inhibited
when biZonePowerOffset(n) is set to 63.
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DUALBAND CELLS
The criteria for the inner-zone (band 1) of the neighbour dualband cell to be eligible are :
MS supports band 1 of NCell
and
RxLevNCell(n)ave > rxLevMinCell (n) + bizonePowerOffset (n) + Max(0, msTxPwrMaxCell(n) msTxPwrCapabilityCell(n) )
4.8.3 HANDOVERS
Each runHandOver, after L1M initialisation process for handover, the BTS performs handover
decision process based on regular uplink and downlink measurements on the current cell
(level and quality) and neighbouring cells (level only); the main steps of this process are:
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HANDOVERS TRIGGERING
Intercell handover normally occurs for two main reasons:
Rescue handovers: when the MS gets too far from the BS (Distance) and/or
radio link measurements show low received signal strength (DL/UL signal
Strength) and/or signal quality on the current serving cell (DL/UL signal
Quality)
Network Optimization Handovers: a better signal strength is available on an
adjacent cell (Power Budget), the serving cell gets overloaded (Traffic) or in
the particular case of a multilayer network (Capture)
Note: new intercell handover decisions have been introduced for AMR channels
Intracell handovers normally occur for the following reasons:
HANDOVERS SCREENING
To a given handover is associated (hard coded) a set of expressions used both to check
eligibility of a neighbour cell (a cell from the list of Ncells reported by the MS is eligible if all
expressions attached to this HO cause and neighbour cell are strictly positive) and to sort
target cells list.
See the chapter General formulas to get the detail of each expression.
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According to the handover cause, the candidate cells expressions must then fulfil the
following formulas to be declared eligible
HO cause / connection state request type
Eligibility criteria
powerBudgetInterCell(n) = true
EXP1(n) > 0
Power Budget
EXP2PBGT(n) > 0
EXP2bis(n) > 0
deleteCounter(n) < cellDeletionCount(n)
trafficInterCell(n) = true
EXP1(n) > 0
Traffic
EXP2Traffic(n) > 0
EXP2bis(n) > 0
ul/dlQualityInterCell(n) = true
UL / DL signal quality
EXP1(n) > 0
EXP2Quality(n) > 0
ul/dlSignalStrengthInterCell(n) = true
UL / DL signal strength
EXP1(n) > 0
EXP2Strength(n) > 0
msBtsDistanceInterCell(n) = true
Distance
EXP1(n) > 0
EXP2Distance(n) > 0
captureInterCell(n) = true
Capture
EXP1Capture(n) > 0
interBtsForcedHO(n) = true
Forced HO
EXP1ForcedHO(n) > 0
interBsDirectedRetry(n) = true
Directed Retry
EXP1Directedretry(n) > 0
ul/dlAMRQualityInterCell(n) = true
EXP1(n) > 0
EXP2AMR(n) > 0
EXP2bis(n) > 0
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early HO
intercell HO
priority
comment
Capture
false
intercell
UL signal quality
false
intercell
DL signal quality
false
intercell
UL signal strength
false
intercell
DL signal strength
false
intercell
Distance
false
intercell
Power Budget
true
intercell
Traffic
false
intercell
false
intracell
(a) (c)
false
intracell
10
(a) (c)
false
intracell
11
(b) (c)
false
intracell
11
(b) (c)
false
intracell
11
(b) (c)
Frequency tiering
false
intracell
12
(a) (c)
Directed Retry
false
intercell
(d)
(a) intracell and tiering handover functions are exclusive from each other
(b) these handover functions are exclusive from each other (a given cell may be of only one
type among concentric, dual-coupling & dual-band) and do not apply to SDCCH channels.
(c) these intracell handover functions are ihnibited when in directed retry mode.
(d) only for a monozone cell or in the large zone of a multizone cell.
Note: The so-called "Directed Retry" handover is a "pseudo" handover indication message
sent upon request from the BSC. This specific case is mainly intended to provide BSC with a
target cells list for intercell HO and is discussed in chapter Directed Retry Handover.
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early HO
intercell HO
priority
comment
Capture
false
intercell
false
intercell
false
intercell
UL signal strength
false
intercell
DL signal strength
false
intercell
Distance
false
intercell
Power Budget
false
intercell
Traffic
false
intercell
false
intracell
(b) (c)
false
intracell
10
(b)
false
intracell
11
(b)
false
intracell
12
(a) (b)
false
intracell
12
(a) (b)
false
intracell
12
(a) (b)
Frequency tiering
false
intracell
13
(b)
Directed Retry
false
intercell
(d)
(a) these handover functions are exclusive from each other (a given cell may be of only one
type among concentric, dual-coupling & dual-band).
(b) these intracell handover functions are ihnibited when in directed retry mode or in dual
tranfer mode.
(c) this intracell handover function applies to TCH/AFS (Full Rate) channels only.
(d) only for a monozone cell or in the large zone of a multizone cell.
Note: The so-called "Directed Retry" handover is a "pseudo" handover indication message
sent upon request from the BSC. This specific case is mainly intended to provide BSC with a
target cells list for intercell HO and is discussed in chapter Directed Retry Handover.
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intraBscDirectedRetry (bsc)
interBscDirectedRetry (bsc)
intraBscDirectedRetryFromCell (bts)
interBscDirectedRetryFromCell (bts)
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If RxLevNcell(m) = Max(RxLevNcell(n))
then Cell m is chosen by the BSC as the target cell for the Directed Retry HO
LCAUTION!
The Directed Retry criterion is based on only one measurement of RxLevNcell(n) and not on
NCellHreqave measurements.
In a microcell network, a directed retry HO may handover a call from a macro cell to a micro
cell even if the stability criteria is not fulfilled (microcellular handover type A). In this
environment, to avoid a ping-pong HO, one may put a high value to the adjacentCellHandOver
parameter directedRetryAlgo.
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Note: during a directed retry procedure, if there is no TCH available in the target cell, the
procedure can neither be queued, nor execute another directed retry from the target cell.
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CONCENTRIC CELL
Definition: a cell is defined as concentric if it exists two transceiverzones configured to transmit
at different power resulting in two different coverage areas. For the two different
transceiverzones, the same antenna is used.
Innerzone
Outerzone
BCCH and
signalling
channels
traffic
channels
The principle of the concentric cells is to share the ressources in both zones assuming that the
TRXs are transmitting at different power. The BCCH and the signalling channels use the high
power TRXs (outer zone) thus the BTS needs to check if the link budget MS-BTS is sufficient
to allocate a ressource of the inner zone. Furthermore, to avoid a subsequent intracell
handover, the BSC is checking this condition with the BTS each time a first TCH has to be
allocated at the end of the call setup, i.e an Assign Request has been sent by the MSC. The
same checking is done by the curent BTS when an intercell handover is required.
The smaller range of the frequencies in the internal zone, due to low maximum available
power for transmission, means that these internal zone frequencies can be reused a short
distance away. With this greater re-utilization of frequencies an operator can achieve the same
coverage using less bandwidth.
Concentric cell functionalities have been deployed allowing an easier frequency planning in
case of frequency hopping (fractional reuse techniques), and a major enhancement with the
TCH allocation directly in the relevant zone in case of calll setup and handover.
Note: a configuration with HePA on the outer zone and ePA on the inner zone is a kind of
concentric cell and not a kind of dualcoupling cell, eventhough the biZonePowerOffset
parameter has to be set accordingly to that particular case.
Please refer to the associated Functional Note [R10] Concentric cell improvements
(CM888/TF889). See also chapter Concentric Cells.
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DUALBAND CELL
Definition: a cell is defined as dualband if GSM900 TRXs and DCS1800 TRXs coexist and
share the same BCCH. The propagation loss being different, it results in two different
coverage areas.
Outerzone
Innerzone / band1 band0
BCCH and
signalling
channels
traffic channels
Please refer to the associated Functional Note [R9] Dual band cells management:TF875. See
also chapter Concentric Cells.
DUALCOUPLING CELL
Definition: a cell is defined as dualcoupling if the TRXs are not combined with the same type of
combiner and thus have not the same coupling loss resulting in two different coverage areas.
Innerzone
H4D
Outerzone
H2D
BCCH and
signalling
channels
traffic
channels
In a dualcoupling cell, as the TRXs are not combined with the same type of combiner the most
powerful TRXs define the large zone. Such cells are managed with the concentric cell principle
and dualcoupling cell feature take advantage of it using different coupling modules rather than
a mono type coupling module in a sector.
Please refer to the associated Functional Note [R11] FN for stepped coupling. See also
chapter Concentric Cells.
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the MS is close to the BTS (Timing Advance used to estimate the MS to BTS
distance, only for concentric cells))
and if RF conditions are good enough (RxLev downlink).
Note: The transceiverZone object parameter zone Tx power max reduction value is always set
to 0 for the large zone, and in the range of [1 to 55]dB for the small zone.
Since V18, a new criterion on uplink RxLev prevents MS from an assignment failure when the
uplink signal strength is not good enough to perform a handover toward the inner zone
The Concentric/Dualcoupling Cell Handover from Large to Small zone is triggered if:
RxLev_DL > concentAlgoExtRxLev
AND
RxLev_UL>ConcentAlgoExtRxLevUL
AND (only for concentric cells)
MS_BS_Dist < concentAlgoExtMsRange
the MS is far from the BTS (Timing Advance, used to estimate the MS to BTS
distance, only for concentric cells)
or if RF conditions are too bad (RxLev downlink, RxQual uplink and downlink).
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Please note that an external priority [0...17] can be given to the Concentric Cell Handover from
a Small to Large zone, because of the small to large Zone HO priority parameter.
The algorithms created for concentric cell are the same for dualband cells, except the timing
advance criterion is not used and the dualband capability of the mobile is checked.
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Non AMR :
rxLevDL < concentAlgoIntRxLev
OR rxLevUL<concentAlgoIntRxLevUL
OR RxQual_DL > lRxQualDLH
OR RxQual_UL > lRxQualULH
OR (only for concentric cells) MS_BS_Dist>concentAlgoIntMsRange
AND (only for dual-band cells)
MS_Band_supported(standardIndicatorBand0) is true
AMR :
rxLevDL < concentAlgoIntRxLev
OR rxLevUL<concentAlgoIntRxLevUL
OR Quality intercell HO on UL codec mode criterion is satisfied
OR Quality intercell HO on DL codec mode criterion is satisfied
OR (only for concentric cells) MS_BS_Dist>concentAlgoIntMsRange
AND (only for dual-band cells)
MS_Band_supported(standardIndicatorBand0) is true
Interzone HO: band0 to band 1
normal intracell HO
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1) EXP1(n) > 0
2) EXP2PBGT(n) + biZonePowerOffset > 0
where PBGT uses msTxPwrMax2ndBand
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Thresholds should be set in order to ensure good subjective voice quality (rxqualXLIH 5 with
frequency hopping or rxqualXLIH 4 without hopping).
This feature is enabled by intraCell or intraCellSDCCH flags.
LCAUTION!
In order to avoid the choice of a more interfered channel, channels are allocated in the 2 low
interference pools (hopping and not hopping); if no free channel is detected among these 2
pools and although queuing is allowed, the intracell HO must not be done; if queuing is
allowed, the request is queued then satisfied only after reception of suitable interference level
on idle channels (RF_RESOURCE_INDICATION message); when TDMA removals leads to
intracell HO, the first free resource is taken whatever its interference level.
Note: RF_RESOURCE_INDICATION message is received from BTS and induces the
interference level of channels of a particular TDMA. Therefore a channel has 3 states for the
BTS:
Busy
Free without interference measure level available (for example the channel has just
been release and the measure are not yet done)
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AdaptedHoMargin(n) is the margin computed when AHA feature is enabled. It takes into
account neighDisfavorOffset and servingfactorOffset parameters (see chapter Automatic
handover adaptation)
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This overload detection mechanism is based on the number of free TCH or the number of
queued TCH requests in the cell ; TCH resources reserved for maximum priority requests are
not taken into account ; in a concentric cell, TCH resources of the small zone are not taken
into account (no queuing procedure in the small zone) ; in a dualband cell, TCH resources of
the band1 are not taken into account (no queuing procedure in the band1) ; no more operator
warning is sent at the beginning and the end of the overload phase.
The overload begins when:
the number of free TCH <= numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
OR
the number of queued TCH requests >= numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion
When the cell status becomes overloaded, a request is done to the L1M to consider a new
ho_margin (hoMargin-hoMarginTrafficOffset) ; this request is sent only to the TRXs which
belong to the large zone/band0 (for concentric/dualband cells).
In case of intra BSS handover (for traffic reasons), the BSC checks the target cell status
during the handover selection phase and if overload condition is set, the BSC will try on the
following cell of the list (a handover between the band0 of a serving cell and the band1 of a
target cell is possible if the eligibility of band1 is indicated in the handover indication
message).
In case of inter BSS handover (for traffic reasons), the target cell overload status is not known
until the HO procedure is launched (HO request). Also, a handover between the band0 of a
serving cell and the band1 of a target cell is not possible (due to the present A interface).
It is advised to set the General protection against HO ping-pong feature with this feature in
order to overcome the associated risk of ping-pong.
LCAUTION!
This feature is not applicable for S4000/S2000E-DCU2 or S4000/S2000E-DCU2/DCU4.
This feature is applicable for all cases where PBGT handover is possible; so, handover for
traffic reasons is not possible between microcell and macrocell.
This feature is applicable to concentric/dualband cells but is restricted to the large zone/band0
since the thresholds used to define the overload conditions concern the large zone/band0 ; if a
handover indication is received by the BSC with a cause set to traffic reasons and concerns a
communication established in the small zone/band1 of the cell, the message is discarded.
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This feature is not applicable to a network which sets all the TCH request priorities to the
maximum priority since the cell is always overloaded whatever are the cell overload
thresholds.
Since the handover for traffic reasons feature uses the PBGT handover procedure, the
powerBudgetInterCell parameter shall be set to true (the BSC does not control this flag to
modify the hoMarginTrafficOffset). The BTS never transmits the Handover for traffic reasons if
this flag is not set.
There is no standby chain updating for the cell overload status ; thus, in case of switch-over,
the L1M value for hoMarginTrafficOffset is set to 0 and the cell is no longer overloaded.
About hoMarginTrafficOffset setting:
Typically, when hoMargin is reduced by 1dB (which implies that hoMarginTrafficOffset=1 dB),
this affects around 13% of the mobiles, assuming that cell overlapping is larger than the
hoMargin; roughly:
1dB of power reduction decreases the cell radius by 6.8% thus the cell
coverage by 13%
2dB of power reduction decreases the cell radius by 14%
3dB of power reduction decreases the cell radius by 21.9%
If hoMarginTrafficOffset is set to 0 dB, the HO traffic is somehow disabled since PBGT will be
done before the traffic has a chance to be done (higher priority).
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where EXPi(n) = EXP1(n) for the handover causes capture or directed retry in distant mode
or EXPi(n) = EXP2(n) for other causes
EXP1 or EXP2 are added in the handover indication message,; offsetLoad(n) is a neighbour
cell parameter in dB and stateLoad is an overload status parameter.
stateLoad=1 for an intra BSS neighbor cell which is overloaded and 0 otherwise, including an
inter BSS neighbor cell overloaded ; the BSC sorts the cells that have the same priority by
decreasing values of EXP4 before reducing the preferred cells list from six to three.
offsetLoad(n) corresponds to the new offsetLoad parameter, offsetPriority defines the range of
the priority from 1 to 5 (1 is the highest level).
The overload detection relies on the same principle as that described in the Handover for
traffic reasons feature. If the overload detection is not activated, obviously, the priority is the
only criterion which is taken into account.
With such an algorithm, it can be noticed that the priority parameter is an important criterion in
a multi-layer network and that the overload situation is an important criterion in a network
where the cells have the same priority.
For multi-layer networks, a problem may occur when the higher priority cell (which captures
traffic) becomes consequently overloaded and then induces HOs for traffic in the other
adjacent cells ; this can be awkward when the overlapping area between the higher priority
cell and its adjacent cells is wide ; in such a case, too much traffic is captured and this
prevents from doing new calls in this cell.
In a network where the cells have the same priority, another problem could be noticed: the
overload condition of adjacent cells is not managed in a uniform way if the adjacent cells do
not belong to the same BSC ; the overload condition for cells belonging to another BSC is not
considered and may induce longer handover procedure if this one is overloaded. Indeed , the
overload state will only be known when the HO is triggered. Then, if the cell is overloaded, the
request will be refused and the BSC will try the next cell on the list of preferred cells.
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GOAL
The frequency tiering technique aims at decreasing the global interference level in a fractional
reuse pattern network and offers efficient traffic management at a TRX level through the selftuning system at the BTS
EXPECTED GAINS
The main benefits expected are:
A large capacity increase: The cell tiering increases the fractional load
capabilities, therefore, permits bigger BTS configurations with the same
amount of available frequencies.). In a 1x1 network, the fractional load can go
up to 33.3% and up to 100% in 1x3.
A better network quality (worst communications, typically at the cell boundary,
do no longer corrupt other communications). The reduction of the global level
of interference may also significantly decrease the global number of dropped
calls and other faults in particularly loaded networks.
A better uplink/downlink balancing (the uplink interference cancellation gain is
balanced by a significant downlink cell tiering improvement)
PRINCIPLES
The mechanism relies on simple dynamic resources allocation strategies that are intended to
allocate the worst communications, in terms of downlink Carrier on Interference ratio (CIR), to
the non-hopping frequencies (like BCCH), taking advantage of their larger reuse pattern and
consequently of their better resistance to interference, while the best communications are
driven to the hopping frequencies.
Evaluation of the calls is based on a ratio (in Watts) of the RxLevDL measured for the serving
cell over the sum of RxLevNCell measured for the BCCH of each neighbour, weighted
according to the type of interference brought (adjacent or co-channel).
This evaluation, called Potential Worst C/I (PWCI), potential because it does not include the
frequency hopping gain, is meant to simulate what the interference on the small pattern would
be like.
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P%=
P%=
The number of values required to trace the PWCI distribution curve may be modified via MMI
with the numberOfPwciSamples parameter (whereas cell tiering HO thresholds cannot be
tuned via MMI).
The lCirDLH is defined from the available traffic channels (i.e. TCH & PDTCH) in the non
hopping layer (because these one will be allocated to communications with worst PWCI). In
order to manage speech and data interworking, the averaged number of TCHs reserved for
data is defined with the nbLargeReuseDataChannels parameter.
To avoid the introduction of new configuration parameters or thresholds required by such a
function, the associated selfTuningObs functionality enables to set tiering working parameters
at their most relevant values, fitting with cell real radio profile and dynamically adapted to O&M
events or radio environment modifications ensuring that the gains of the tiering strategy are
always optimum.
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PWCI=
RxLevDL Watts
SUM [RXLevNCell (i)] Watts SUM [RXLevNCell (j) - ADC] Watts
With
RXLEV(0) the DL signal strength in Watts received from the serving cell, rescaled at maximum power (RxLev_DL + BS_Att)
RXLEV (i) is the level in Watts measured on the BCCH of a neighbor cell
using the same TCH frequencies set as the current cell. These neighbors
generate co-channel interferences.
RXLEV (j) is the level in Watts measured on the BCCH of a neighbor cell
using a TCH frequencies set different from that of the current cell. These
neighbors generate adjacent channel interferences.
ADC corresponds to the first adjacent channel protection factor which is fixed
in the BTS software typically to 18dB
IF the TDMA bearing the considered channel belongs to the small pattern
AND does not belong to the small zone of a multizone cell:
IF pwCi < lCirDLH
THEN the channel will be put on the large pattern
IF the TDMA bearing the considered channel belongs to the large pattern
(which implies that it belongs to the large zone):
IF pwCi > uCirDLH
THEN the channel will be put on the small pattern
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Cell configuration
20000 nbPwCISamples
60000 nbPwCISamples
O2 (14 TCH)
# 16 min
# 48 min
O4 (29 TCH)
# 8 min
# 24 min
O8 (59 TCH)
# 4 min
# 12 min
# 2 min
# 6 min
The time required to reach a sufficient statistics as well as the time between two consecutive
tiering threshold updates depends on the number of samples required, and the capacity
(number of TCH) and load of the cell.
So a way to decrease the period between 2 consecutive threshold updates is about the half of
the time required to reach a first reliable statistics.
CAUTIONS
Because it takes advantage of BTS O&M centralization, this feature applies also to 2G
products (equipped exclusively with DRXs).
The activation of this feature implies a previous activation of the L1mV2.
The statistics (for PWCI) are not kept during upgrade and must be gathered again after the
site reconfiguration.
Intracell handover for quality and intracell tiering handover are exclusive (choice managed with
the intracell parameter of the handOverControl object). For mobiles at cells boundaries, if for
PBGT reasons, a handover is decided towards a new cell on a hopping TCH, a subsequent
handover for tiering reasons will be possible towards a non hopping TCH and so on, so
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signal quality
signal strength
distance
normalType
power budget
traffic
directedRetry (BTS
mode)
forced handover
signal quality
signal strength
distance
umbrellaType
power budget
traffic
directedRetry (BTS
mode)
forced handover
umbrellaType
microType
signal quality
signal quality
signal strength
signal strength
distance
distance
power budget
power budget
traffic
traffic
forced handover
forced handover
signal quality
signal strength
distance
capture
power budget
traffic
forced handover
signal quality
microType
signal strength
signal quality
distance
signal strength
power budget
distance
traffic
directedRetry
directedRetry (BTS
mode)
(BTS mode)
forced handover
forced handover
signal quality
signal strength
distance
power budget
traffic
directedRetry (BTS mode)
forced handover
However the Type A handover algorithm has not been specifically defined to perform
handovers from microcells to the macrocell layer.
A timer linked to that algorithm is tunable via the microCellCaptureTimer parameter. That timer
prevents the BSC from doing a handover on capture reason during a fixed period.
See also General formulas for the capture expression:
EXP1Capture(n) = RxLevNCell(n) ave - rxLevMinCell(n)
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0 to 249
0 to 249
250
512
245 s
251
1024
491 s
252
2048
983 s
253
4096
1966 s
254
8192
3932 s
255
16384
7864 s
This table is applicable for a runHandOver = 1. If runHandOver = 2, then 491 seconds are
obtained with MicrocellCapture value set to 250.
Note: if the Handover on SDCCH feature is activated, the timer must be computed by
multiplying the BTS used value by 470 ms.
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By putting a low value to forced handover algo(n) , the HO becomes easier: the cell is
released more rapidly.
LCAUTION!
A forced HO is possible after a certain communication duration:
duration = Max( rxQualHreqave * rxQualHreqt, rxLevHreqave * rxLevHreqt,
rxNCellHreqave).
Therefore, when integrating this feature in the soft blocking procedure, the operating mode is
the following:
soft blocking,
wait a certain time (20 seconds),
trigger the forced HO.
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cell A
Beginning
of new call
End
of last call
If the reselection algorithm execution occurs close to the border of cell A the mobile can setup
a call a short moment after in the cell B while the cell A is still selected. Unfortunately, the MS
has to wait a certain period of time before being able to make an handover. The system has to
perform some measurements before taking some handovers decisions.
This period of time is quite critical, there are some risks of call drop because of the low level of
the signal.
Another issue is concerned by this feature ; that is the problem of a mobile turning at a street
corner, when the RxLev suddenly decreases in the serving cell and increases for a neighbour
cell.
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
The principle is not to speed the selection process but to allow a handover on PBGT quicker.
Cell A
1
1 sel/reselection
algo execution
2 call setup in cell A
3 HO toward cell B
Risk
of
call
drop
2
Cell B
Time
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Therefore, the handover can be performed more quickly and with less measurements.
The principle is not to speed the selection process but to allow a handover on PBGT quicker.
It allows to reduce the zone which represents the critical period of time. The first impact of this
feature is to reduce the probability of establishment failure and the call drop ratio.
A third parameter has been created (HOMarginBeg) in order to compensate the lack of
measurements by increasing the HOMargin.
The parameter rxLevNCellHReqaveBeg is used each time a new cell is detected by the
mobile. Therefore, it increases the system reactivity.
EXP2PBGT(n) early = Pbgt(n) - [hoMargin(n) + hoMarginBeg(n)]
UNTIL
Max(rxLevHreqave * rxLevHreqt, rxQualHreqave * rxQualHreqt) is reached
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4.8.16 PRE-SYNCHRONIZED HO
During an asynchronous handover, the MS repeats the HO access bursts until it receives the
physical information message containing the timing advance of the new cell. So the speech
cut duration may last as long as the MS receives the new TA (Timing Advance) applied in the
new cell.
The pre-synchronized handover feature allows a Phase 2 MS to make a synchronized
handover between two (2) cells not belonging to the same site but managed by the same
BSC. The procedure is the same as for an intra-site synchronized handover, excepted that the
TA is set in advance and is transmitted to the MS at the beginning of the HO procedure.
LCAUTION!
Only intra BSC synchronized handover are possible.
There are two possibilities to set the timing advance in case of pre-synchronized HO:
Presynchro with default value or with a determined Timing Advance.
Two parameters are impacted in the adjacentCellHandOver object to enable this feature:
synchronized is set to the value pre sync HO, with timing advance or pre sync
HO,default timing advance.
By comparing not synchronized handovers with synchronized handover, a phonetic gain from
20ms to 40 ms is expected. This is due to the Physical_Info message suppression, which is
not necessary because on pre-synchronized handover, the timing advance value is carried by
the Handover_Command message. Moreover, only four Handover_Access messages are
used on pre-synchronized handover instead of more than four in case of not synchronized
handover.
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Cell A
Cell B
lRxLevDLH
-100 dBm
rxLevMinCell (B)
-95 dBm
HO 1
-98 dBm
HO 2
-92 dBm
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If hoSecondBestCellConfiguration = 2
then HO attempt to 2nd best candidate cell
If hoSecondBestCellConfiguration = 3
then HO attempt to 2nd best candidate cell and to 3rd best candidate cell
(if the HO attempt to 2nd best candidate cell fails)
When the HO attempt towards the last candidate fails, the bssMapTchoke starts at the BSC.
At the expiry of the timer, the BSC asks the BTS to provide a new list of eligible cells.
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AMR QUALITY cause has been introduced for AMR purpose. See also chapter General
protection against HO Ping Pong in the feature interworking part of AMR chapter.
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LCAUTION!
The parameters hoPingpongCombination and hoPingpongTimeRejection must be defined at
the entering cell (relatively to the first HO of the combination) level, for the neighbouring cell
(adjacentCellHandover object) corresponding to the left cell (still relatively to the first HO of
the combination). Thus, these parameters are known by the new BSC whatever the type of
HO is (intra or interBSC).
For interBSS handovers, if the Cause element is not included in the HANDOVER_REQUEST
message sent from the MSC to the target BSC, then this feature is not applied except when
the incoming_cause in hoPingpongCombination parameter is set to ALL.
During upgrades, if bts Time Between HO configuration is greater than 0, then bts Time
Between HO configuration is set to 1, hoPingpongTimeRejection is set to the previous value of
bts Time Between HO configuration and hoPingpongCombination is set to (all, allPBGT) and if
bts Time Between HO configuration is equal to 0, then it keeps the same value,
hoPingpongTimeRejection is set to 0 and hoPingpongCombination is set to empty.
The C1166 counter related to the Minimum time between handover feature is removed and
replaced by the C1782 counter incremented when a cell is removed of the preferred cells list
(so, for one handover indication message, it can be incremented several times).
This feature gives no protection against intracell or interzone ping-pong handovers and gives
no protection against ping-pong handovers between more than 2 cells except for allCapture or
allPBGT outgoing causes.
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PRINCIPLE
In order to eliminate the fading in the measurement processing, some averaging mechanisms
are implemented. But the frequency hopping and the mobile speed introduce frequency and
space diversity and average the attenuation of the received signal:
As shown on the diagram above, the faster the mobile moves the less the fading is impacting
(space diversity).
Mobiles can also be sensitive to the frequency diversity as shown on the diagram below. The
more hopping frequencies are used the less fading is impacting.
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The principle of this feature is to use these averages introduced by the frequency hopping and
the MS speed, in order to decrease the number of measurements take into account or the
handover margin.
DECISIONS FACTORS
FREQUENCY HOPPING
In order to have a sufficient averaging of the Rayleigh fading, the number of frequencies in the
hopping law has to be greater or equal than 4. If the number of frequencies in the hopping law
is less than 4, mobiles are considered as non-hopping, and all processing defined for non
hopping mobiles are applied.
This criterion and all associated mechanisms are applied to the following channels:
TCH full rate whatever the channel coding (data circuit, EFR, FR, AMR),
TCH half rate,
SDCCH.
MS SPEED EVALUATOR
From internal studies and simulation, a mobile can be considered as a fast mobile, if the
standard deviation in dB of the Rxlev during one period of measurement (i.e. 104 bursts, thus
480ms) is less than 1.4dB.
This standard deviation represents approximately:
20 km/h in GSM900,
10km/h in GSM1800 and GSM1900,
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UPLINK DTX
In case of uplink DTX activation during the period, the number of bursts received is decreased,
thus the accuracy of the calculated standard deviation is decreased. In this case, the standard
deviation is not evaluated and the last calculated standard deviation is taken.
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AdaptedHoMargin
< rxLevHreqaveBeg
< rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
hoMargin + neighDisfavorOffset
< rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxNCellHreqave
hoMargin
rxLevHreqave
< rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
rxLevHreqave
rxNCellHreqave
hoMargin - servingfactorOffset
AdaptedHoMargin
< rxLevHreqaveBeg
< rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
hoMargin + hoMarginBeg
< rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxNCellHreqave
hoMargin + hoMarginBeg
rxLevHreqave
< rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
hoMargin + neighDisfavorOffset
rxLevHreqave
rxNCellHreqave
hoMargin
rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
AdaptedHoMargin
hoMargin
RxLev average
RxQual average
SFH MS
rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxQualAveBeg
rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxQualAveBeg
no modification
In case of short averaging, due to the measurement quality, no specific value of K (refer to
chapter One shot power control (Pc_2) for more details on this value) is taken into account.
For slow mobile, Fast power control at TCH assignment (Pc_3) is still available in order to
reduce the power control activation time, but the first decision of power control is now taken
with Max[rxLevHreqAveBeg, rxQualAveBeg] measurements, instead of rxLevHreqAveBeg.
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but also
The first two cases are required to maintain call quality, whereas the last two cases are
decided to optimise system capacity.
PRINCIPLE
For this feature, two kinds of intracell handover are distinguished:
The principle of this feature is to introduce two timers, associated to the intracell handover
type, which delay an intracell handover after an intracell handover:
First intracell HO
minTimeQualityIntraCell HO
capacityTimeRejection
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In order to avoid some load, this filtering is done at the BTS level, thus at the L1M activation
for the dedicated channel the BSC has to precise the cause:
initial assignment,
capacity intracell handover
quality intracell handover
intercell handover.
RXQUAL
RXLEV
DISTANCE
PBGT
TRAFFIC
INTRACELL
AMR INTRACELL
INTERZONE
if
the
capacityTimeRejection
and
LCAUTION!
Due to AMR L1m introduction, a new cause value is added in hoPingpongCombination:
AMRquality.
This value is used in case of AMR handover triggered for alarm purpose. This type of
handover can be chosen via the parameter amrReserved2
In case of interBSC handover, in order to distinguish between RxQual handover and AMR
quality handover (according to amrReserved2 chosen), the BSC uses following rules:
IF the handover cause = RxQual
AND IF the speech version <> AMR
THENHandover cause = RxQual.
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PREREQUISITES
Note that EMR is not a preequisite for 2G-3G handover. The system can perform handover on
mobiles that perform normal reporting.
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on an incoming handover, if the UTRAN capabilities have not been received by the
the target BSC in the HANDOVER REQUEST message, this BSC sends a
CLASSMARK ENQUIRY message in order to ask the MS to send the UTRAN
CLASSMARK CHANGE message.
Rule :
earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN = enabled.
The feature GSM to UMTS handover can be used with either normal measurement reporting
or enhanced measurement reporting. The part of the MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
message related to EMR feature activation is fully described in 4.6.6.
When the mobile does not have the UMTS FDD RAT capability, it shall not receive information
about UTRAN cells. As a consequence, the BSC sends two different version of Measurement
information to the BTS: a 2G version with GSM cell information only and a 2G/3G version with
both GSM and UTRAN cell information. The BTS then broadcasts the appropriate message
according to each mobiles capability and according to the status of the GSM to UMTS
handover activation, as specified in the table below.
EMR disabled
EMR enabled
EMR disabled
EMR enabled
Release 4 2G only
mobiles
No MI message
MI 2G message
None
MI 2G message
2G-3G mobiles
No MI message
MI 2G message
MI 2G-3G message
MI 2G-3G message
The 2G measurement information message (2G MI) contains mainly the following information:
The 2G-3G measurement information message (2G-3G MI) contains mainly the following
information:
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The GSM Neighbour Cell List : it is the list of GSM cells, ordered by ARFCN and
BSIC,
as
defined
in
the
BSIC_Description
parameter
of
the
MEASUREMENT_INFORMATION message, which takes the first position in the list
The 3G Neighbour Cell list: it is the list of UMTS cells, ordered by ARFCN &
scrambling code (the ARFCN are ordered the same way as received from the
network. For each ARFCN, scrambling codes are ordered in increasing number).
MAXIMUM SIZE
In this version the list is limited to 32 GSM cells and 32 UMTS cells.
When at least one UTRAN neighbouring cells is declared, only 31 different BCCH frequencies
for GSM neighbouring cells can be declared.
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Shall not
Should not
Should
GsmToUMTSDisabled
The MSC may include a similar service handover field in BSSMAP ASSIGNMENT
REQUEST and BSSMAP HANDOVER REQUEST messages sent to the BSS:
Shall not: the BTS shall never hand off the communication to UTRAN (No UMTS
neighbouring cell can be present in the candidate cells list)
Should not: the BTS shall not hand off the communication to UTRAN for a PBGT
reason but other criteria are nevertheless authorized to avoid call drop (handover for
alarm reason) or to reduce the load of the current cell when in congestion state
(handover for traffic reason)
Note: In case the gsmToUMTSServiceHO is modified, the change only applies to new calls (or
after a handover) except for a feature deactivation.
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earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN
mobileCountryCodeUTRAN
mobileNetworkCodeUTRAN
locationAreaCodeUTRAN
rNCId
cId
fDDARFCN
scramblingCode
diversityUTRAN
reportTypeMeasurement
qsearchC
fDDMultiRatReporting
fDDReportingThreshold
fDDReportingThreshold2
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servingBandReporting
servingBandReportingOffset
T3121 starts when the BSC sends an INTER SYSTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER
message to the mobile.
T3121 stops when the mobile has correctly seized the UTRAN channel. The purpose
of this timer is for the BSC to keep the old channels long enough for the mobile to be
able to return to the old channels.
On expiry of T3121 (indicating the mobile is lost), the BSC may release the channels.
rxLevMinCellUTRAN
rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN
hoMarginUTRAN
hoMarginAMRUTRAN
hoMarginRxLevUTRAN
hoMarginRxQualUTRAN
hoMarginDistUTRAN
hoMarginTrafficOffsetUTRAN
offsetpriorityUTRAN
All these parameters have the same meaning as their counterpart on adjacentCellHandOver
object, but apply to a UTRAN neighbouring cell instead of a GSM neighbour cell.
In practice, all handovers algorithms except Capture and Directed retry are allowed towards
an UMTS neighbouring cell.
Note : the Power Budget handover as defined in GSM may be used to emulate a capture by
UTRAN layer.
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Through a new mechanism for outgoing handover failures : When a UMTS cell rejects
the handover, the 2G-MSC sends a BSSMAP HANDOVER REQUIRED REJECT
message including cause Traffic Load in the target cell higher than in the source cell
or no radio resource available. The BSC stores this information and does not attempt
a new handover towards this cell for a given time equal to
hoRejectionTimeOverloadUTRAN parameter.
and if the source RNC and the MSC have implemented the old BSS to new
BSS information container
and if the source RNC has included the Cell load information group within
this container
then the BSC stores the information and will not try a handover towards this
UTRAN cell for a given time equal to hoRejectionTimeOverloadUTRAN
parameter,
otherwise, the BSC does not start any rejection timer for that UTRAN cell.
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Parameter name
Definition
object
cId
adjacentCell
UTRAN
compressedModeUTRAN
bts
diversityUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN
bts
fDDARFCN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
fDDMultiratReporting
bts
fDDReportingThreshold
(used in EMR only) defines the CPICH RSCP level above which the
MS will apply a higher priority to UTRAN cells in the enhanced
measurement report message
Handover
control
fDDReportingThreshold2
(used in MR and EMR) defines the CPICH Ec/N0 level above which
the MS will report UTRAN cells in the normal or enhanced
measurement report message
Handover
control
gSMToUMTSServiceHO
bsc
hoMarginUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoMarginAMRUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoMarginDistUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoMarginRxLevUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoMarginRxQualUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoMarginTrafficOffsetUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoPingpongCombinationUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoPingpongTimeRejectionUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
hoRejectionTimeOverloadUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
locationAreaCodeUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
mobileCountryCodeUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
mobileNetworkCodeUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
offsetPriorityUTRAN
priority offset applied by the BSC when selecting the candidate cell
for the handover process
adjacentCell
UTRAN
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Definition
object
search for UTRAN cells if signal level on the BCCH of serving cell :
is below threshold (0-7):
-98, -94, , -74 dBm, (always)
or is above threshold (8-15):
qsearchC
Handover
control
reportTypeMeasurement
bts
rNCId
adjacentCell
UTRAN
rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
rxLevMinCellUTRAN
adjacentCell
UTRAN
scramblingCode
adjacentCell
UTRAN
servingBandReporting
defines the number of cells from the GSM serving frequency band
that shall be included in the list of strongest cells in the measurement
report.
bts
servingBandReportingOffset
If there is not enough space in the report for all valid cells, the cells
shall be reported that have the highest sum of the reported value
(RXLEV) and the parameter servingBandReportingOffset
(XXX_REPORTING_OFFSET) for the serving GSM band. Note that
this parameter shall not affect the value itself of the reported
measurement.
Handover
control
t3121 has the same use as t3103 in the GSM inter-BSC handover
procedure. It sets the value before countdown of T3121 timer defined
in the GSM specification .
T3121 starts when the BSC sends an INTER SYSTEM TO UTRAN
HANDOVER message to the mobile. T3121 stops when the mobile
has correctly seized the UTRAN channel. The purpose of this timer is
for the BSC to keep the old channels long enough for the mobile to
be able to return to the old channels if necessary. On expiry of T3121
(indicating the mobile is lost), the BSC may release the channels.
t3121
bts
or CPICH Ec/N0
In our v17.0 implementation, the reporting quantity that mobiles are expected to report to the
network is always CPICH RSCP. The mobiles are informed of this obligation by the
FDD_REP_QUANT flag that is sent by the network on SACCH in Measurement Information
messages.
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RSCP<-120
<-110
-120<RSCP<-119
<-110
-119<RSCP<-118
<-110
-118<RSCP<-117
<-110
-117<RSCP<-116
<-110
-116<RSCP<-115
<-110
-115<RSCP<-114
<-110
-114<RSCP<-113
<-110
-113<RSCP<-112
<-110
-112<RSCP<-111
<-110
-111<RSCP<-110
<-110
-110<RSCP<-109
-110<RxLev<-109
-54<RSCP<-53
62
57
-54<RxLev<-53
-53<RSCP<-52
63
58
-53<RxLev<-52
-52<RSCP<-51
63
58
-53<RxLev<-52
-26<RSCP<-25
63
58
-53<RxLev<-52
-25<RSCP
63
58
-53<RxLev<-52
ALGORITHMS
Once the power level of all 2G and 3G neighbouring cells can be compared with one another,
all L1M handover algorithms are directly reusable.
For example, the algorithm for a Power Budget handover to UTRAN can be described as
follows :
The MS reports the measured RSCP of the UTRAN cells for which CPICH Ec/N0
fDDReportingThreshold2
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>
RxLev
(serving
2G
cell)
EMR CASE
The introduction of UTRAN neighbouring cells has an impact on Interference Matrix feature
because of the number of GSM neighbour cells it induces.
If at least one UTRAN neighbour cell is declared, no more than 31 GSM neighbour cells can
be declared, instead of 32. The impacts on IM are the following:
The algorithm that calculates the number of cycles (used by launching tool on OMC-R
and by BSC for cycle definition) shall be done with only 31 BCCH frequencies
GSM neighbour cell creation with a 32nd different BCCH frequency must be forbidden
if at least one UTRAN neighbour cell is declared.
UTRAN neighbour cell creation, UTRAN neighbour cell deletion, fDDARFCN change,
scramblingCode change, must be forbidden while Interference Matrix feature is
running on the BSC.
the control that warns the operator if he tries to activate Interference matrix when one
cell has 32 GSM neighbouring cells (this control exists already in this case) must be
extended to the case where one cell has 31 GSM neighbouring cells and at least one
UTRAN neighbouring cell.
NORMAL MR CASE
Although fewer possibilities are available with MR than with EMR, the way GSM and UTRAN
neighbouring cells are reported in Measurement report messages is manageable, thanks to
multiBandReporting and fDDMultiratReporting parameters. Unlike EMR, the number of
reported non-serving band GSM and UTRAN valid neighbouring cells has an impact on the
number of remaining spare places in the Measurement report message that could be used for
fake neighbours in Interference Matrix.
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4.9.
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At every runPwrControl event, the Weighted Average is computed at Pmax (SAveRxlev) and
the following algorithm is perfomed by Ms/Bs:
IF (SAveRxLev < lRxLevP) OR (SAveRxQual > lRxQualP)
NewAttRequestdB = Max (CurrentAttRequestdB - IncStepSizeXX, 0)
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RxQual
Increase Tx Power
lRxQual
New Tx Power
computation
lRxLev
RxLev
uRxLev
LCAUTION!
When the MS or the BTS is in the NEW TX POWER COMPUTATION zone, the recomputation of the attenuation does not lead necessarily to a reduction of the emitted power.
Note: This feature is activated at the BTS level by setting the following parameters:
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ELSE
NewAttRequestdB = K * (SaveRxLev - lRxLevP)
The values of K depend on the activation of frequency hopping and of the RxQual. Here are
the values of K, which come from simulation results:
0
RXQUAL
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,5
The figure below summarizes the command for (UL or DL) transmission power according to
RxLev/RxQual values.
RxQual
Tx Power max
(MS or BS attenuation = 0)
lRxQual
New Tx Power
computation
lRxLev
RxLev
Please note that if NewAttRequestdB = 0 then the MS power becomes equal to the maximum
power possible in the cell, i.e. Min(msTXPwrMaxCell(n), MSTxPwrMax). The limitation can
come from the mobile (MSTxPwrMax) or from the cell (msTxPwrMax).
Concerning the BTS, the attenuation (difference between current power and max power) is
considered, so if NewAttRequestdB = 0 then the BTS power becomes equal to the maximum
static power possible.
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The triggering of the one shot power control is accelerated because rxLevHreqaveBeg or
rxQualAveBeg measurements are taken into account.
Until Max[rxLevHreqave * rxLevHreqt, rxQualHreqave * rxQualHreqt] is reached, the
attenuaton is computed with the compensation factor K for uplink and downlink. This factor no
more depends on the rxQualHreqave measurements but only on the frequency activation:
NewAttRequestdB = K * (SaveRxLev - lRxLevP)
rxLevHreqt,
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SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA0
SA1
SA2
MS starts applying
New PC and TA
MS gets the
SACCH block
SA3
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
MS starts transmitting
SACCH concerning
Previous multiframe
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control
in
multizone
cells
(see
PURPOSE
Before V17.0, after an inter-zone handover, the BSC sets the BTS and MS initial powers on
the new channel of the new zone to values that are identical to those used on the previous
channel in the other zone. As a result, the strength of the uplink and the downlink received
signal may decrease significantly on the establishment on the new channel. The risk is that the
handover could fail or the voice quality could deteriorate until the BTS has adjusted the BTS
and MS output TX power on the first run of the L1M power control process.
In v17.0, if the BSC expects the reception level to decrease following the interzone handover,
the BSC shall adapt the BTS and the MS output power, when activating the new channel, to
ensure a constant reception level for the MS and for the BTS. If on trhen other hand, the BSC
expects the reception level to increase, the BSC shall keep the BTS and MS power levels
unchanged and will simply wait for the L1M to adjust them via the standard power control
process.
concentric_cell (bts object): parameter defining the type of multizone cell : concentric,
dualband or dualcoupling.
The 3 different cases of concentric cell give different resultrs for the power gap :
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Dual-coupling
Dual-band
Delta_RxLev_DL_
oz_to_iz
ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction [oz]
- ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction
[iz]
ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction [oz]
- ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction
[iz]
ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction [oz]
- ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction
3 4
[iz] - bizonePowerOffset( )( )
Delta_RxLev_UL_
oz_to_iz
0( )
0( )
- bizonePowerOffset ( )
Delta_RxLev_DL_
5
iz_to_oz( )
-(Delta_RxLev_DL_oz_to_iz)
-(Delta_RxLev_DL_oz_to_iz)
-(Delta_RxLev_DL_oz_to_iz)
Delta_RxLev_UL_
5
iz_to_oz( )
0( )
0( )
bizonePowerOffset
Notes :
(1) : for concentric and dualcoupling cells, there is no uplink signal strength gap. The uplink
gap only applies to dualband cells.
(2) : the type of coupler (D, H2D etc) does not impact the formula because the BTS takes the
coupling into account to reach the required output power which is equal to bstxpwrmax zonetxpowermaxreduction. So it is the same formula as concetric cell.
(3) : The higher the frequency, the steeper the signal strength decrease as a function of MSBTS distance. bizonePowerOffset is a worst case assessment of this path loss performed at
the inner-zone boundary.
(4) : As both heterogeneous coupling and dual-band could be applied simultaneously to a cell,
zoneTxPwrMaxReduction must be taken into account in te downlink formula
(5) : We hold this truth to be self-evident, that the inner-to-outer zone power gap is the
opposite of the outer-to-inner zone power gap.
if the uplink power gap is less than zero, this power loss shall be corrected with a
command sent to the MS to increase its transmission power
if the uplink power gap is more than zero, the last MS transmission power level shall
be kept unchanged. However, the new MS transmission power level shall not be
allowed to exceed the maximum power allowed by the network and the maximum MS
output power allowed in that band.
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If the downlink power gap is less than zero, this power loss shall be corrected with a
BTS transmission power increase (i.e. BTS attenuation decrease)
If the downlink power gap is more than zero, the last BTS transmission power level
shall be kept unchanged.
The new BS transmission power level is sent by the BSC to the BTS inside the Abis Channel
activate message (used to initialise the BTS transmission power for the channel) as well as in
the Abis Start measurement Req message (used to initialise the L1M power control algorithm).
REMARKS
If BTS power control is disabled, there is in effect no power adaptation, as the BTS shall emit
at the maximum power allowed in the zone.
A dedicated TCH channel shall be activated at full BTS transmission power if it belongs to the
BCCH TDMA.
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For certain procedures like the handovers, where reactivity is crucial, it is important to
immediately have TCH resources available. This can be done by reserving some resources for
them. For other procedures like the Assignment Requests where the communication is not
established yet, it might be more interesting to allow the queuing of the requests for some
seconds in order to gain access to the network even if it is a few seconds later. The reactivity
time in this last context is not as important as for the handovers. To be able to control this, a
priority system has been created.
Priorities can be divided into two different groups: external and internal. The BSC is in charge
of converting external priorities into internal ones. Conversion rules will be detailed.
Two kinds of external priorities, NSS external priorities and BSS external, can be defined:
NSS external priorities are those included in the BSSMAP message coming
from the MSC. As only the Assignment Requests and the Handover Requests
(for interBSC HO) can generate this type of messages, these are the only
procedures having an external NSS priority.
BSS external priorities are defined via OMC parameter settings. They are set
for all types of procedures, even for the Assignment Requests.
The type of external priority of the Assignment Request procedures taken for conversion to an
internal priority is depending on the value of another OMC parameter (bscQueuingOption) that
indicates if the mode is MSC driven or OMC driven.
The mode MSC driven means that it is the NSS external priority which is taken into account
for internal priority conversion of Assignment Request Procedures. For Handover Request and
TCH overflow, it is BSS external priority that is used for conversion.
The mode OMC driven means it is the BSS external priority which is taken into account for
conversion, whatever the procedure.
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At this point we can start introducing some of the main OMC parameters used for the TCH
allocation management:
bscQueuingOption = forced
Queuing is allowed
Queuing is allowed
allocPriorityTable
It is probably the most important parameter for the allocation priority management. It is used to
make the conversion between external and internal priorities and it consists of a vector
containing 18 values. The values can go from 0 to 12 and define the internal priorities
associated to the different procedures. The association between external and internal priority
is done using the index number (or slot number) in this table that goes from 0 to 17. The index
in the table represents the BSS external priority. When NSS external priority is used, in order
to convert into internal priority, we look in the slot NSS external priority - 1.
NSS external priority contained in the BSSMAP message can take a value from 1 to 14. Slots
1 to 5 are reserved for WPS call treatment.
Example: allocPriorityTable = 0 8 9 10 11 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 4 2
Slot number
allocPriorityTable
10
11
12
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
With this example in MSC driven mode, for a BSS external priority = 16, the internal priority
defined is 4 and for a NSS external priority = 5, we have to look at the slot number = 5 1 = 4,
so the internal priority is 11.
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bscQueuingOption
"forced"
OMC driven
"allowed"
MSC driven
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
10 11 12 2
WPS
allocPriorityThreshold
Parameter that defines the number of TCH resources reserved for procedures with internal
priority = 0. This internal priority is typically used for Handovers procedures where the
reactivity time is very important. For all the other procedures with an internal priority > 0 a TCH
will be assigned if at least allocPriorityThreshold + 1 TCH resources are free. If that is not the
case the procedure will be rejected or queued depending on the provisioning and type of
procedure (see chapter Queuing).
LCAUTION!
The ressource reservation for priotity 0 procedures is independent from the queuing process,
i.e. even if the parameter bscQueuingOption = not allowed, the TCH reservation is effective.
Note also that this induces two pools of prioritie :
{0}, for which TCH resources are reserved according to the parameter
allocPriorityThreshold
[1..12], for which the TCH resources reserved for priority 0 procedures are not
available.
Note: If the MSC driven mode is used and the priority is not included in the incoming
Assignment Request message from the MSC, the assignRequestPriority parameter will be
used instead.
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Note: these are external priority taken into account whatever the value of bscQueuingOption.
Note: these are external priority taken into account whatever the value of bscQueuingOption.
The table below presents the sum up of recommanded setting for each BSS External priority
and the mapping of each internal priority via the allocPriorityTable parameter:
Parameter
interCellHOExtPriority
BSS Ext
priority
Internal
priority
15
interCellHOIntPriority
Meaning
emergencyCallPriority
callReestablishmentPriority
assignRequestPriority
17
directedRetryPrio
intraCellHOIntPriority
16
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4.11.2 QUEUING
Queuing is used to put TCH allocation request into a waiting queue when no TCH resource is
available. Some types of procedures are interesting to queue up: the TCH requests wait
during a certain time if these ones are not satisfied the first time. In this way the requests is
more likely to succeed if TCH resources become free during the queuing time.
This is typically the case of Assignment Requests or Intracell Handovers. By performing some
queuing on the Assignment Request the end-user impact is a little increase in the call
establishment duration. In the case of Intracell Handovers, as the call is already established,
the effect of the queuing from an end-user point of view is barely perceptible.
Assignment Requests and Intracell Handovers (normal intracell Handovers, small to large
zone, cell tiering, AMR) are the only procedures for which queuing is allowed. TCH overflow
procedures and intercell handovers are never queued.
The activation of the Queuing must be viewed as a solution to prevent an exceptionnal
saturation of TCH. For the waiting queue, a maximum waiting time (allocPriorityTimers) and a
maximum number of TCH allocation requests affected to this queue and the queues of greater
priorities (allocWaitThreshold) are defined via OMC-R parameters.
Note: as intercell handover procedures can not be queued, the allocPriorityThreshold
parameter must be correctly set to reserve TCH resource for incoming handovers (ie priority 0
for these procedures).
LCAUTION!
Please note that when an assignment request is queued, the MS is still attached to a SDCCH
channel and the measurement process keeps on going to allow the MS to perform a handover
on SDCCH. One must so pay attention to:
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QUEUING PROCESS
Whatever the queuing mode is, a queue is defined by its size and the maximum waiting time
beyond which it is not allowed to queue the request anymore,. set by these two parameters:
allocWaitThreshold
This parameter is a 13 slot vector. The slot number (012) represents the internal priority
queues and the values define the maximum number of TCH allocation requests queued for
each internal priority. The last five slots set to 5 are reserved for WPS call treatment. These
values are accumulative, so the value for one queue represents the maximum number of
requests for that queue and all the queues with lower priorities. Note that the serving
preference for these queues has an increasing order, e.g. if there are two TCH allocation
requests waiting in two different queues, when a TCH resource is released, the request with
the lowest priority is served.
Slot number
allocWaitThreshold
10
11
12
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allocPriorityTimers
This parameter is a 13 slot vector. The slot number (012) represents the internal priority
queues and the values mean the maximum waiting time (in seconds) in the queue of a TCH
allocation request for each internal priority. The last five slots set to 28 are reserved for WPS
call treatment.
Slot number
allocPriorityTimers
10
11
12
28
28
28
28
28
Note: a too long timer is unrealistic as an user will not wait indefinetely.
Sum up of the recommanded value
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
allocPriorityTable
Slot number
10
11
12
Internal priority /
queue number
10
11
12
allocWaitThreshold
allocPriorityTimers
28
28
28
28
28
LCAUTION!
There is no queuing for TCH in signaling mode (TCH overflow).
It is important to note that even if Directed Retry Handovers are associated to
an internal priority 2 queuing is not allowed for this type of procedure, as for
the other intercell handover procedures.
Queuing set for procedures with internal priority 0 has been intentionally
configured for Assignment Requests cause Emergency Call (which should
have in this case a NSS external priority set to 1 if in MSC driven mode).
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Below is the flowchart summarizing the TCH allocation handling if queuing is configured as
recommended in MSC driven mode:
Note: if directed retry handover is activated, another way of leaving the queue is a directed
retry handover. Refer to Directed Retry Handover for more details.
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or
and
PRINCIPLE
In case of non-congestion, only the list of mobile access classes in notAllowedAccessClasses
is not allowed to select the cell.
In case of congestion, the list of mobile access classes in accessClassCongestion is not
allowed.
NO
Congestion ?
notAllowedAccessClasses
Forbidden in the cell
YES
accessClassCongestion
Forbidden in the cell
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CONGESTION DETERMINATION
To enter a congestion state, either the number of free TCH must be less than
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion or the number of queued TCH requests must be greater
than numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion.
To leave a congestion state, either the number of free TCH is greater than
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion or the number of queued TCH request is less than
numberOfTCHQueuedToEndCongestion.
Example with a one TRX cell where one time slot is reserved for requests with an internal
priority equal to 0:
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongeston = 1
BCCH
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
BCCH
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
BCCH
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA0
SA1
SA2
SA3
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongeston = 3
SA1
Used TCH
SA0
Free TCH
time
SA3
reserved TS
for priority 0
A congestion situation may be detected each time one of the following events occurs:
End of congestion situation may be detected each time one of the following events occurs:
Note: The overload state duration of a cell can be monitored thanks to the counter C1714, but
that counter is effectively reported to the OMC-R only if the load of the cell is taken into
account (i.e. only if hoTraffic = enabled at cell and BSC levels).
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The list of forbidden access classes is fixed, so the same customers are
always impacted.
The number of barred access classes is fixed, so the number of barred
access classes may be insufficient.
The mechanism is triggered on TCH allocation or release basis, but due to the
Erlang law (which induces sudden traffic modification) and because the MS
rereads the SYS INFO (only every 30 seconds), that mechanism could be
improved.
To ensure the functionning of the new mechanism, two levels of barring are created and run at
the same time:
If the cell is still in the congestion state, 2 additional access classes are barred
(assuming they are not all barred)
If the cell is not in the congestion state, 2 less access classes are barred (until
none are barred)
Once the cell is no longer in the congestion state, and if no access classes are barred, the
supervision timer (3 minutes) is stopped.
Congestion level
Beginning of
congestion
Beginning of congestion:
3 minutes timer is set
No more classes
barred: 3 minutes
timer is stopped
End of congestion :
3 minutes timer
is running
End of
congestion
3 minutes
time
Number of access
classes barred
[0 to 2]
[2 to 4]
[4 to 6]
[6 to 4]
[4 to 2]
[2 to 0]
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in
this
mechanism:
the
periodicity
and
the
Periodicity: the congestion condition is still triggered on a TCH allocation or TCH release
basis, but once the congestion condition is triggered, a 60 seconds interval (system rule) is
used to periodically change which access classes are barred.
accessClassCongestion parameter: this parameter is a list of access classes which are
eligible to be barred during the congestion condition. The principle is that, during each 60
seconds interval of congestion, a different subset of access classes (and thus a different set of
mobile sets) may be barred. Access classes 11 to 15 are managed and can be automatically
barred if they are included in the accessClassCongestion parameter. They can not be
automatically barred if they are not in the accessClassCongestion parameter.
Beginning of
congestion
Beginning of congestion:
3 minutes timer is set
End of
congestion
3 minutes
60 seconds
time
[0 to 2]
[2]
[2]
[0,1]
[2,3]
[4,5]
[2 to 4]
[6,7,8,9]
[4]
[0,1,2,3]
[4]
[4 to 2]
[4,5,6,7]
[8,9]
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Usually all users are authorized, and the notAllowedAccessClasses list is empty.
With the redefinition of the access class barring functionality, the management of the
notAllowedAccessClasses parameter is modified in the following way:
In case of non congestion, only the list of mobile access classes in the
notAllowedAccessClasses parameter is not allowed to select the cell: there
is no modification compared to the previous management.
In case of congestion, the accessClassCongestion parameter is used to
process access classes rotation on all the access classes listed in the
accessClassCongestion except on the access classes listed in the
notAllowedAccessClasses parameter, which remain barred during the
congestion.
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If RLC reaches 0, then call is dropped and re-establishment is tried if reselection is made on a
cell with CallReestablishment set.
If CT reaches 0, a connection Failure Indication is sent to the BSC every T3115, until a
Deactivate Sacch or RF Channel Release message is received.
This process is started when the first SACCH frame is received correctly, and the CT counter
is set according to rlf1 value. If SACCH frame is not received, then the radio link failure
process is not started, CT value is kept to zero and is not modificated.
Interest of the algorithm: the quality of an uplink communication is now considered for the
decision to cut a communication.
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The level measurement samples taken on the serving cell BCCH carrier and
on neigbhor cells carriers (carriers indicated in the BA (SACCH) received on
the serving cell) received in the last 5 seconds shall be averaged.
The carried with the highest average received level is selected.
On this carrier the MS shall attempt to decode the BCCH data block
containing the parameters affecting cell selection.
If the parameter C1 is greater than zero call re-establishment shall be
attempted on this cell.
If the MS is unable to decode the BCCH data block or if the call reestablishment is not allowed, the carrier with the next highest average
received level shall be taken, and the MS shall repeat steps 2) and 3) above.
If the cells with the 6 strongest average received level values have been tried
but cannot be used, the call re-establishment attempt shall be abandoned.
Beware, during a re-establishment attempt the mobile station does not return to idle mode,
thus no location updating is performed even if the mobile is not updated in the location area of
the selected cell, however the mobile station will update its location area at the end of the call.
Generally a call re-establishment procedure lasts from 4 seconds to 20 seconds max.
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Every runCallClear:
IF (MS_BS_Dist > CallClearing)
THEN call needs clearing.
Note: No interference level management is performed for PDTCH channel, Therefore the level
status of PDTCH resource is always high level (bad level).
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1 SACCH
12 bursts TCH
1 idle
12 bursts TCH
(given fixed positions are only examples; for speech, a SID frame (Silence Descriptor frame:
used to describe comfort noise) made of 8 consecutive TSs shall be sent at the start of every
inactivity period and more are sent regularly, at least twice per second, as long as inactivity
lasts)
Full frame x 4:
(24 TCH + 1 SACCH + 1 idle) x 4 = 96 TCH + 4 SACCH + 4 Idle
= 104 bursts
With DTX:
(1 SACCH) x4 + 8 TCH = 12 bursts minimum
Then, depending on the communications (presence of silences), the MS can use DTX or not.
Note: To the minimum number of bursts (12) can be added other transmitted bursts depending
on some criteria (user traffic activity and interleaving depth).
The MS sends to the BTS 2 kinds of measurements, RxQual/RxLev Full, and RxQual/RxLev
Sub.
RxQual/RxLev Full corresponds to an average of measurements performed over 100 out of
104 frames in a SACCH reporting period. These measurements are valid if DTX has not been
used by the MS.
RxQual / RxLev Sub correspond to an average of measurements performed over 12 frames
(instead of 100), these 12 frames being fixed as explained previously. These measurements
are valid if DTX has been used by the MS.
With these measurements, the MS has to send to the BTS a notification that it has performed
DTX or not (uplink DTX status), so that the BTS can choose the average which is valid
(RxQual / RxLev Full or Sub) for L1M purposes. This notification is done via the DTX-used bit
in the Measurement Report.
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authorisation for the BSS to use DL DTX, given by the MSC to the BSC at
assignment request, dynamically on a call-by-call basis
The type of radio channel : voice half-rate, voice full-rate, cicuit data
The values of certain bits in the bscDataConfig file (bits n1, n2 and n3 of label 64)
MSC AUTHORISATION
On a call per call basis, the MSC may forbid the BSS to use Downlink DTX.
The MSC indicates this to the BSC by including a 1-bit long field called DTX Downlink Flag
inside BSSMAP Assignment Request (for call setup) or BSSMAP VBS/VGCS Assignment
Request (for group call setup, GSM-R only) or BSSMAP Handover Request (for incoming
external handover of a call coming from another BSS) :
-
If DTX Downlink Flag is present and if DTX Downlink Flag = 1, then the MSC forbids the
use of DL DTX for that particular call
If DTX Downlink Flag is absent or if DTX Downlink Flag is present and DTX Downlink
Flag = 0, then the MSC does not forbid the use of DL DTX for that particular call
In the second case, the decision to use DL DTX for that call is left entirely up to the BSS and
depends on BSS configuration parameters and the type of channel.
CELLDTXDOWNLINK
If cellDtxDownLink = disabled in the cell, then Downlink DTX is unconditionally turned off in
the cell for all types of call (voice and circuit-switched data).
So, cellDtxDownLink = enabled is a necessary condition to activate downlink DTX in the cell,
but it is not sufficient. It further depends on the type of channel (circuit data, voice half-rate,
voice full-rate).
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TYPE OF CHANNEL
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED DATA CHANNELS
DTX downlink is unconditionally turned off for circuit-switched data channels, even if
cellDtxDownLink = enabled.
Note : Bit n1 of label 64 of bscDataConfigfile, called DTX Downlink in data, is not used any
longer in the software. Whatever its value, and whatever the value of cellDtxDownLink, DTX
Downlink is disabled for CS data channels.
SUMMARY
The table below summarises the activation scenarios of DL DTX :
DTX DL flag
(from MSC)
cellDtxDown
Link
Label 64 bit
1
Label 64 bit
2
Label 64 bit
3
DL DTX for
CS data
DL DTX for
FR voice
DL DTX for
HR voice
any value
any value
any value
any value
disabled
disabled
disabled
0 or absent
disabled
any value
any value
any value
disabled
disabled
disabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
enabled
enabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
enabled
disabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
disabled
enabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
disabled
disabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
enabled
enabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
enabled
disabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
disabled
enabled
0 or absent
enabled
disabled
disabled
disabled
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PRINCIPLE
eMLPP is an extension to GSM networks of the existing MLPP service for fixed lines.
eMLPP covers 2 basic aspects :
RESOURCE PREEMPTION
eMLPP allows the network to preempt resources from ongoing calls (circuits on the A interface
and/or radio resources in the BSS) to allocate them to an incoming call of greater priority :
o
Preemption on the A interface is fully managed (decision and execution), on a per call
basis, by the NSS.
Preemption on the Radio interface is executed, on a per call basis, by the BSS.
However, the decision to allow the preemption comes from the NSS because the NSS
is in charge of the Call Control procedures.
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EMLPP PRIORITY
eMLPP defines seven priority levels as A, B, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 (A being the strongest and 4
the weakest priority). Mobile users may subscribe to all priority levels A, B, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
However, priority levels A and B may only be used locally, i.e. in the domain of one MSC. The
other five priority levels are offered for subscription and may be applied globally, e.g. on interMSC links, and also for interworking with ISDN networks that provide the MLPP service.
The precedence level is selected by the subscriber on a per call basis. The subscriber may
select any precedence level up to and including his maximum authorized precedence level.
The service provider at the subscribers originating exchange ensures that the selected
precedence level does not exceed the maximum level assigned to that subscriber at
subscription.
In public GSM, the eMLPP priority is transparent for the BSS. It is meaningful only for the
mobile and for the NSS. It is included in the following messages :
By the mobile in the CM SERVICE REQUEST message sent to the NSS, for mobileoriginated call establishment. It indicates to the NSS the eMLPP priority requested by
the mobile for the call establishment.
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By the BSS in the PAGING REQUEST type 1, 2 ,3 messages sent to the mobile on
the PCH channel. The purpose of including eMLPP priority in paging requests is used
by mobiles who are engaged as listeners in a group call to decide to leave the group
call or not.
By the NSS in the PAGING message sent to the BSS. The purpose of including
eMLPP priority in BSSMAP PAGING message is so that the BSS may include it in the
Paging Request (see previous bullet point)
By the NSS in the SETUP message sent to the mobile for mobile-terminated call
establishment. It indicates to the mobile already engaged in a call whether to perform
called party preemption or not.
By the NSS in the CALL PROCEEDING message by the network to the mobile. This
message is sent by the network to the calling mobile station to indicate that the
requested call establishment information has been received. In this message, the NSS
indicates to the mobile station the eMLPP priority level that the NSS has granted to
the call.
EMLPP SUBSCRIPTION
Two precedence levels are defined by subscriber and stored at the HLR:
Subscribers Maximum Precedence Level. The subscriber may originate a call with a
precedence level up to his maximum precedence level
Subscribers Default Priority Level. In the case no precedence level is sent in the CM
service request message, this level is used as the priority of the call
EMLPP SUBSCRIBER
The user may select an eMLPP priority value for the call. If he does not, the precedence is set
to its default value by the mobile.
The mobile checks that the priority is within the provisioned range.
The MSC validates the priority value, and possibly reduces it to the subscribers maximum
precedence stored in the VLR
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NON-EMLPP SUBSCRIBER
A default priority level is set by the MSC.
PREEMPTION ATTRIBUTES
The BSSMAP priority information element of a given call is optional and contained in
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST and HANDOVER REQUEST. It is sent by the NSS to the BSS, and
it provides the BSS with the eMLPP preemption capability of the call.
PCI: preemption capability indicator. The PCI attribute is a flag that specifies whether the call
is allowed to preempt another one or not. It is applicable while negotiating the allocation of
resources :
PCI = 1 : this allocation request (resulting from assignment or handover) can trigger
the running of the preemption procedure.
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QA: queueing allowed indicator. The QA attribute is a flag that specifies whether the call is
allowed to b a queueing procedure or not :
QA = 1 : queuing is allowed
PRIORITY : priority level. The priority attribute is an integer value in the range 1 ... 14 that
specifies the level that is applied to the call. Values 0 and 15 indicate priority not used.
It is built by the MSC thanks to a hardcoded lookup table that maps the eMLPP priority of the
call to the BSSMAP priority.
A (strongest priority)
4 (weakest priority)
PVI = 0: no vulnerability;
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If there is an available radio resource, the BSC immediately performs the allocation
without invoking the preemption procedure;
If PCI = 1 attribute is set for the request, and if a vulnerable resource (PVI = 1)
is available whose priority is strictly weaker than the requests priority, the
BSC triggers the preemption procedure : the BSC starts the release of the
active call using this vulnerable resource and starts a specific internal timer
(Tpreempt).
PREEMPTION TIMER
The preemption timer value Tpreempt is computed from T3111 timer (t3111 parameter) as
follows:
Tpreempt = TdeactAck + (4 x T3111)
Tdeactack = 5 seconds (hard-coded).
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and the TCH must be allocated in the large zone in case of concentric cell,
and the PVI of the call must be equal to value 1 (preemption possible),
In each of these pools, the BSC classifies the TCH according to the BSSMAP priority of the
call :
o
Next BSSMAP = 13
Choice of busy TCH pool : hopping TCH pool is preferred. If the hopping busy TCH
pool is empty, the BSC searches instead inside the non-hopping busy TCH pool.
Once the correct pool is selected, the BSC chooses the first busy TCH in the list
(according to the ranking explained above) whose priority is strictly weaker than the
allocation request.
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If the circuit data allocation request concerns the CSD 14.4 service and if the bts
object parameter data14-4OnNoHoppingTs = enabled, the preferred busy TCH pool
is the non-hopping one.
If the circuit data allocation request concerns the CSD 14.4 service and if the bts
object parameter data14-4OnNoHoppingTs = disabled, the preferred busy TCH pool
is the hopping one (same a speech allocation request).
If the circuit data allocation request concerns CSD services other than 14.4, the
preferred busy TCH pool is the non-hopping one(same a speech allocation request).
Class 3
signallingPoint object
preemptionAuthor = forbidden means that the BSC never performs radio resource
preemption, whatever the priority and PCI/PVI flags values.
preemptionAuthor = authorizedWithRelease means that the BSC is allowed to perform radio
resource preemption if necessary and if authorised by the MSC.A successful preemption
results in the preempted call being released.
preemptionAuthor = authorizedWithForcedHO means the same thing as preemptionAuthor =
authorizedWithRelease in the current implementation, despite the different name.
PDTCH PREEMPTION
o
The BSC chooses a radio resource for that particular allocation request.
If the chosen resource is a PDTCH, the BSC starts the preemption negotiation with
the PCU. No other resource can be used instead, even if a TCH is freed in the
meantime.
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EMLPP PREEMPTION
o
The BSC chooses a preemptable radio resource and starts the release of the call
currently using that resource.
In parallel, while the preemption procedure is ongoing, the BSC puts the allocation
request that was the cause of the preemption inside a special queue entirely
dedicated to preemption-capable allocation requests.
The first radio resource that becomes available is allocated to the preemption request
that is at the front of the queue. Therefore the radio resource that was preempted
originally is not necessarily allocated to the request which initially triggered that
particular preemption.
4.12.7 INTERWORKING
HANDOVER
During handover procedures, preemption in best cell is always preferred than fallback to
another one. Preemption leads to favour attempting to obtain a radio resource in the first cell
of the handover list (ensures better quality, but may cause additional delay to the handover
procedure completion), even though a radio resource may be immediately free in a further cell
in the list.
DIRECTED RETRY
If preemption is authorised (i.e. preemptionAuthor = authorizedWithRelease), and if no
resource is free, the BSC first looks to see, based on the PVI flag and the relative BSSMAP
priorities, whether a resource could be preempted.
If so, the BSC starts the preemption procedure. Then, either the preemption (and the
assignment) succeeds, or the BSC returns an assignment failure. Directed Retry cannot be
attempted as a fallback.
Therefore, Directed retry may be attempted only after the BSC has decided not to trigger the
preemption procedure (due to lack of potential candidate resources, e.g. PVI of all TCH = 0).
QUEUING
As for Directed retry, queuing may be attempted only after the BSC has decided not to trigger
the preemption procedure (due to lack of potential candidate resources, e.g. PVI of all TCH =
0). To solve a congestion issue, preemption is always considered first by the BSC. If a
preemption procedure is started and if it fails, queuing may not be attempted as a fallback : the
assignment request results in an assignment failure.
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4.12.8 RESTRICTIONS
Network resources (both radio channels and fixed circuits) used by emergency calls (TS12
service) may not be preempted.
SDCCH channels may not be preempted.
The following TCH channels may not be preempted :
o
All other TCH, including those used for data calls, are preemptable provided that PVI = 1.
In the very first phase of a mobile originated call establishment, in case there are no SDCCH
and no TCH available, a Channel Request is not capable of triggering a preemption.
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Four (4) CCCH frames are necessary to transmit a complete paging message due to bursts
interleaving.
For the mobile, listening to the broadcast channels is battery consuming. Therefore the paging
messages broadcast has been optimized. Instead of listening continuously to the paging
channel, the mobile waits for specific occurrences of paging message. A set of mobiles are
associated to a specific occurrence of the paging channel, they belong to a so-called paging
group.
In order for a mobile to find its associated paging group among N groups, the following rule is
applied:
Nb of paging group = (IMSI mod1000) mod N
Dimensioning the paging means determining the number of paging groups needed to meet
incoming calls requirements inside a specific LAC. Two basic factors are taken into account:
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FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
IDLE
When using a TDMA model with BCCH combined, there are 3 occurrences of CCCH per
multiframe of 51 frames.
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
IDLE
CONSEQUENCES OF NOOFBLOCKSFORACCESSGRANT.
Whatever the value of noOfBlocksForAccessGrant, AGCH messages overlap on PCH
channels each time AGCH channels are full. The aim was to use when needed the preemption
mechanism which is better than booking a specific CCCH for Immediate Assignment. It means
that it has been defined to be sure AGCH will be treated as soon as possible in any
configuration. In that case, new priorities are applied. This gives the possibility of a higher
priority for paging messages repetitions if required on the network.
Note: see chapter Paging Parameters for more information on this parameter advised values.
SMS-CB use has some influence on noOfBlocksForAccessGrant value (see chapter Effects of
SMS-Cell Broadcast Use on noOfBlocksForAccessGrant).
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Paging
group
nb2
Paging
group
nb3
Paging
group
nb0 (A)
Paging
group
nb1
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
IDLE
FCCH
SCH
Paging
group
nb0 (A)
FCCH
SCH
Block
booked
for AGCH
FCCH
SCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
FN0
Block
booked
for AGCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
IDLE
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
FN1
Block
booked
for AGCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
FCCH
SCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
SACCH
IDLE
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
FN2
This parameter is deeply involved in the time needed to establish a call when a paging
message is coming. For instance, if a paging command is to be transmitted in a paging group
P1 just after the paging group P1 occurrence, the paging command will have to wait for at
least noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging x 240ms to be transmitted.
If noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging = 8, the time waited to transmit a paging message can be
of 2 seconds without any other delays.
From the configuration, paging group occurences are determined. In the previous example,
the paging groups will be split as follows:
Nb of Paging groups = (na - nb) x nc
Note: see chapter Paging Parameters for more information on this parameter recommended
values.
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging has also an influence on mobile battery consumption and on
reselection reactivity (see chapter Effects of noOfMultiFramesBetweenPaging on Mobile
Batteries and Reselection Reactivity).
nbOfRepeat
defines the number of times a paging message will be repeated by the BTS
delayBetweenRetrans
defines the number of occurrence between 2 repetitions of the same paging
group
retransDuration
defines the maximum time allocated to broadcast a paging message
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PHASE 1 MOBILES
When the timer is started, a random value n is drawn with equal probability between 0 and N-1
where N is:
T3120 is set so that there are n RACH slots between T1 and the expiry of T3120. T1 is a fixed
delay thanks to the configuration of the BCCH:
time
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PHASE 2 MOBILES
Rec 04.08 have been modified to avoid double allocation (see chapter Paging Parameters).
When the timer is started, a random value n is drawn with uniform probability distribution in the
interval [S, S+1, ..., S+T-1]:
where T is numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
where S depends on the BCCH configuration and on T (see following table).
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
S on non-combined BCCH
S on combined BCCH
3, 8, 14, 50
55
41
4, 9, 16
76
52
5, 10, 20
109
58
6, 11, 25
163
86
7, 12, 32
217
115
time
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As soon as the 12 first paging are received by the BSC, a paging group
message is sent to the BTS leading to avoid discarding paging messages
and waiting for T_Paging_Group timer expiry.
If T_Paging_Group timer is reached and at least one paging message is
received, a multi paging command is sent
LCaution!
The value of this T_Paging_Group is set to 200ms. Only CS paging use I Multipaging
command, therefore the PS pagings are not combined. Thus a single paging I is used for data
paging.
The following figure illustrates the principles of multipaging command
BTS
MSC
BSC
Paging MS1
T_Paging_group
Paging MS2
Paging MS3
Paging MS4
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Hence, all paging requests messages accepted by the BSC filter are all sent to the
BTS which means up to 105 paging command / second.
Note: The value of this T_Paging_Group is set to 200ms and can not be modified
even via the bsc data config tool.
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FEATURE ACTIVATION
The feature is deactivated by default and can be activated thanks to a build on line.
Recommended upgrade steps are the following:
LCAUTION!
In order to identify bad PCM links and fix it, the operator should monitor the quality of
all the PCM links before the feature activation.
As soon as the BSCe3 and the TRXs of BTS are able to manage this feature, the BSC
sends UI MultiPaging Command messages.
The BSC is aware of the BTS capacity for the Circuit Service thanks to the DRX
catalog file and especially the bit 8 (from 0 to 31) of the hardware mask defined as
follow:
As all types of DRX support this feature (except DCU2), there is no modification of the
"display all" feature, in order to know the activation state of this feature.
Note: As this feature is not implemented on BSC12000 and due to upgrade
constraints, then the BTS has to manage the following types of paging messages: I
paging command, I MultiPaging and UI MultiPaging command messages.
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The feature should be enabled with gprsNetworkModeOperation (bts object). The parameter is
at BTS object but must be consistent at Routing Area level, i.e. activated (or de-activated) in
all cells of a given Routing Area.
PAGING MANAGEMENT
If NMO1 is activated, CS-Paging are managed through Gb interface for any GPRS-attached
MS. ClassB MS may be simultaneously attached to GSM and GPRS services but cannot
simultaneously perform CS and PS transfer.
If the MS is not attached to GPRS services, the CS-Paging procedure is not modified and
done through the A interface.
If the MS is attached to GPRS, the CS-Paging is sent from the MSC to the SGSN (Gs
interface) and then to the PCU (Gb interface):
If the target mobile is in GMM STANDBY state, the PCU transmits the Paging
message to the BSC on the SAPI RSL. Therefore the BSC has to broadcast
this message on the CCCH of all target cells.
If the mobile is in GMM READY state, the PCU sends the Paging on the
PACCH of the TBF or on the CCCH of the cell if there is not an established
TBF for the target mobile. In case Paging is sent on PACCH, the PCU repeats
the paging message 3 times (1 emission + 3 repetitions), with a delay
between 2 occurrences equal to 480 ms. This enhances the probability of
success of the Paging procedure.
The 3 different cases (MS not GPRS-attached, MS in GPRS STANDY state and MS in GPRS
READY state) are illustrated below.
Note that the load of some interfaces is impacted by NMO1 activation:
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MS not attached to
GPRS services
SGSN
MSC/VLR
PCU
MS attached to
GPRS services &
standby state
SGSN
MSC/VLR
PCU
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
MS attached to
GPRS services &
ready state
SGSN
MSC/VLR
PCU
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
Paging on:
PACCH if TBF established
CCCH if no TBF established
Each procedure is performed with a single access on packet channels. This is transparent for
the PCU, which manages it as usual without any particular action. The SGSN then informs the
MSC through the Gs inteface.
The following gains are expected:
Notes:
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PRINCIPLE
When NMO II is used, the network sends all paging messages on the PCH paging channel
even if the mobile has been assigned a packet data channel, which might require the MS to
leave the packet channel to monitoring the occurrence of paging messages. Compared to
NMO II, the BSS CS Paging Coordination is an additional mechanism for handling CS paging.
It provides an NMO I-like mechanism (BSS CS Paging Coordination) without involving the
packet core and Gs interface. This maximizes the end-user availability for receiving CS calls
and the related revenues.
While the network is running with NMO II, the BSC sends all CS paging messages received on
A interface both to the BTS and, with BSS CS Paging Coordination feature activated, to the
PCU as well. The PCU then checks whether the corresponding MS is engaged in a PS
session, by checking the IMSI. If so, the PCU sends the CS paging message to the mobile on
PACCH channel.
SI13 UPDATE
The BSC updates the System Information 13 message to indicate the activation/deactivation
of the feature and sends PCU BROADCAST INFO MODIFY to provide the updated content of
the SI13 to the PCU.
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PCUSN
SGSN
MSC/VLR
SPM
SPM
SPM
p All CS pages
are transferred to
the PCUSN
SPM
nCS Pages
PCUSN
SPM
SPM
SPM
qSPM has
BS
C
found that a
TBF is alive
for this MS
o CS Pages
broadcast on CCCH
o
r CS pages
BTS
on PACCH
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
CS pages on
CCCH
TBF alive
No TBF alive
If the network is running in Network Mode of Operation II, when the BSC receives a CS paging
from A interface :
the BSC broadcasts this paging message in the target cells (as it has always done so
far), regardless of bssPagingCoordination parameter value,
and, if bssPagingCoordination is enabled on at least one cell of the area, the BSC
sends the paging message in a single BSC CS Paging message to the PCU (even if
the CS paging addressee is a list of cells) on one of the available Agprs PCM (with a
round-robin mechanism to spread the CS paging load on all Agprs PCMs connected
to this BSC).
When a PCU element receives a CS paging on its Agprs PCM, it broadcasts this message to
all PCU elements connected to the same BSC that issued the CS paging message. Each PCU
element then checks whether the IMSI value included in the BSC CS Paging message
corresponds to one of the existing MS context (i.e. a mobile that is known as currently having
an established TBF). In this case :
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Synthesised mode for Hybrid couplers with duplexers: hopping time slots can
hop on a large band of frequencies.
Baseband mode using Cavity couplers with duplexers: hopping time slots can
hop on a set of frequencies limited by the number of TRXs (only available with
S4000 BTS).
Note: using frequency hopping allows to adapt and maximise the frequency re-use pattern
efficiency by maximising the capacity in term of offered Erlang/Mhz/km2. The pattern to use
will depend on the available frequency band and the traffic requirement.
It is possible (and recommended) to mix different frequency re-use technique, as 4X12 for
BCCH and 1X3 or 1X1 for TCH. Indeed, a traditional 4X12 reuse pattern is appropriate to a
wide spectrum allocation as for BCCH frequency (only one frequency per cell is needed).
However, in order to increase the number of TRX per cell with a given frequency band, while
keeping a low interference level, the only solution is to use more restricting reuse pattern, as
1X1 or 1X3.
See also chapter General Rules For Synthesised Frequency Hopping.
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the higher the number of frequencies in the hopping law, the smaller the
Fading margin taken into account in the link budget (due to Rayleigh fading).
RXLEV cdf versus SFH
100
1 freq
2 freq
4 freq
8 freq
% 10
2
8
1
-2 -1 0
4
3
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
the smaller the mobile speed and the higher the number of frequencies, the
higher the benefit of the frequency hopping.
Frame Erasure Rate versus SFH at 104 dBm (DCS)
12.00
10.00
0.5
1.5 km/h
2.5 km/h
8.00
FER (%)
0.5 km/h
1.5
2.5
4.00
2.00
km/h
25 km/h
6.00
5
25
0.00
1
the higher the number of frequencies in the hopping law, the narrower the
Rxqual distribution. However Rxqual mean remains the same (see figure
below). Hence the Frequency Hopping eliminates the number of bad Rxqual
samples but it also reduces the number of good Rxqual ones.
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1 freq
4 freq
8 freq
16 freq
30
20
10
16
0
0
10
BER %
Resistance to interference
spread of interference over all RF spectrum
spread of interference over time
highly loaded sites benefit from lower load on adjacent sites
more efficient error correction gain from digital processing
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TDMA1
TX1
TDMA2
TX2
TDMA3
TX3
TDMA4
TX4
MA frequency list
BCCH Freq
MAIO
The TDMA configurations in case of synthesised frequency hopping are defined as follows:
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FP1
TX1
FP2
TX2
FP3
TX3
FP4
TX4
BCCH Freq
For a given cell with the previous configuration (4 TRX), one Mobile Allocation should be
defined:
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TS
TDMA 0
F1
F1
F1
F1
F1
F1
F1
F1
MAIO=0
TDMA 1
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MAIO=1
TDMA 2
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MAIO=2
TDMA 3
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MA0
MAIO=3
LCAUTION!
It is not recommended to hop on BCCH frequency when using baseband frequency hopping,
because it can lead to some troubles when downlink DTX or downlink power control are
enabled.
RECONFIGURATION PROCEDURE
This procedure is not applicable to BTS that use hybrid coupling.
With the baseband frequency hopping mechanism (used only by BTS that have cavity
couplers), it is possible to reconfigure the frequencies in certain cases. In case of equipment
failure/recovery within a TRX, the BSC starts the reconfiguration process for a Radio Cell
which supports frequency hopping and uses the Frequency Management GSM function.
This function is supported by the TRX and allows the BSC to configure or to reset a frequency
on a TX which is identified by the TEI of the corresponding TRX. The loss of one TX implies
the loss of one frequency (which is not the BCCH) and of one TDMA (the one defined with the
lowest priority) if no redundant TRX.
Two symmetric mechanisms are managed by the BSC to handle the automatic frequency
reconfiguration in the case of frequency hopping cavity coupling BTS:
loss of a frequency
the cell is stopped and restarted with new set of frequencies. This may lead
to release the calls if there is more live TX than btsThresholdHopReconf
There will be a reconfiguration if the flag bscHopReconfUse is set to true (defined at BSC
level) and if there are more frequencies than the threshold btsThresholdHopReconf (defined at
BTS level). Otherwise the cell is badly configured.
When a end of fault occurs if the flag btsHopReconfRestart is set to true and if there are
more frequencies than the threshold (btsThresholdHopReconf), there is a complete cell
reconfiguration.
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TDMA1
TX1
TDMA2
TX2
TDMA3
TX3
TDMA4
TX4
BCCH Freq
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CARRIED TRAFFIC
The carried traffic (or real traffic) is the number of simultaneous voice communication a BSC
handles at the busy hour. The carried traffic is given by the customer for an area or can be
observed with monitoring. It is necessary to consider a margin carried traffic for a lot of
reasons (GPRS traffic is increasing lightly the load on the TMU, Load balancing algorithm
shares fairly the load between TMU, The operator wants to be able to absorb additional traffic
in case of special Event).
As a consequence it is recommanded to use a margin of about 20-25 % when considering the
carried traffic.
Moreover AMR handset penetration should be considered if half rate vocoder is used on a
network since it increases offered capacity on radio sites.
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OFFERED TRAFFIC
The offered traffic in a cell is the number of simultaneous users that can use a resource with a
target quality of service objective (blocking rate). This step will consist in determining the
values of table ERLANG_PER_N_TRX_CELL in order to let the BSC computes the most
adapted offered erlang.
TMU NUMBER
To set the appropriate number of TMU boards please refer to the BSS Engineering Rules
(Reference Documents).
Decisions are only taken on traffic stimuli, not on O&M stimuli. On the BSC
sub-system, an overload situation is mainly due to the traffic management,
which is computed on the TMU module
Each TMU monitors its overload level and decisions will be applied to all
the cell-groups it manages.
The overload management concerns overload levels of two boards of the TMU:
SBC board (based on CPU usage, memory and waiting time of messages
in the mailbox)
PMC board (based only on CPU usage).
For TMU2 the overload management concerns one board only (therefore the monitoring
counter pegged is the one associated to SBC )
Overload architecture is hierarchically organized:
The actions are triggered at TMU level, as TMU are rather independent one from the other in
terms of overload handling. When a TMU is in overload, it will filter partially the new coming
traffic requests related to the cell-groups it manages.
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PARAMETERS
No specific new counters or configuration parameters are introduced with this feature.
For further details on this feature please refer to the corresponding chapter in the BSS
Engineering Rules (chapter Reference Documents).
MAIN EVOLUTIONS
Global dimensioning constraints for the BSC remain unchanged: the BSC capacity is limited
by the following maximum number of managed objects:
Maximum of 1000 TRX or 1500 per BSC
Maximum of 600 Cells per BSC
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Concerning the maximum site configuration supported in V15.1, the limitations are the
following:
Maximum of 16 TRX per Cell
Maximum of 48 TRX per Site
Moreover, the maximum capacity of the BSC remains 3000 or 4000Erlang.
The rules to respect the same dimensioning constraints for the TMU and TMU2 boards are
defined in the BSS Engineering Rules (see chapter Reference Documents), as well as those
existing for the Cell Group definitions.
PACKAGING OF CG IN ERLANG
The previous packaging of site in CG was previously based on the number of TRX. The
addition of a site of N TRX in an existing CG was roughly done if the CG had no more than 16N TRX, else an empty CG was chosen. The maximum number of TRX per CG (48) could be
an issue in the case of site extension. The packaging of sites in CG is now based on a target
in Erlang. The weight of each site is estimated and this estimation is used for the packaging of
the CG: the objective is to have a target of 84 Erlang per CG. So the principle of the algorithm
remains the same: the addition of a site with N TRX in an existing CG is roughly done if this
one has no more than 84 Erlang. If no more empty CG remains, the site is added in the
existing CG with a maximum constraint of 10 sites per CG. A site created on line is considered
with a value of Erlang corresponding to a site of one Cell with 8 TRX.
ESTIMATEDSITELOAD PARAMETER
A new parameter called estimatedSiteLoad. (applicable to the btsSiteManager object) allows
specifying the value in Erlang for a given site. This parameter is optional (default value 0).
If this parameter is not specified (value of 0), the BSC will use the ERLANG_PER_N_TRX
table for the estimation of the sites weight, else it is the estimatedSiteLoad value that is used.
This weight will be considered for the placement of the site into a CG and naturally also for the
CG distribution on the TMU.
This parameter is a class 3 parameter. Thus, this one may be used at site creation (off line or
on line) but may also be changed at any moment while the site is operational. On an online
change of this parameter, the BSC will regenerate the site weight estimation (and the CG
weight estimation) and will perform a new CG re-balancing if needed (as in case of a TRX
addition for instance: the packaging of sites in CG are not re-performed, but the distribution of
the CG according to new CG weight will be reconsidered: if the capacity of the TMU hosting
the active CG or the passive CG reach their limits, the algorithm considers if it can move these
CG to other TMU. Otherwise, it suppresses the CG that can not fit).
Please refer to the BSS Engineering Rules (see chapter Reference Documents) for further
informations on the use of that parameter.
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OMC attenuation
(since V9)
DLU
attenuation
(until V8)
OR
Pc
bsTxPwrMax
SUM
Tx
Tx
Pr
translation
translation
table
table
Coupling
Coupling
system
system
Ps
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4.16.2 PR COMPUTATION
According to bsTxPwrMax, the coupling system and the product family (S8000/S12000) Pr
can be defined
For more details on the Pmax per products, please refer to the Engineering Rules (ref. [R47]
to ref. [R56]).
4.16.3 PS COMPUTATION
Then, the effective cabinet output power is:
Ps = Pr - cablesLoss - couplingLoss
Pr is derived from Pc (where Pc = bsTxPwrMax + OMCattenuation or DLU attenuation) based
on the translation table ( 4.13.2). Pr can only be equivalent to Pmax in case when the
operator has chosen the maximum value for bsTxPwrMax for a given coupling system.
COUPLING SYSTEM
To know the input power, it is important to factor in the system coupling losses. Please refer to
the appropriate Engineering rules document ([R47] to [R56]).
CABLE LOSS
For the values of the losses depending on the BTS configuration and frequency band, please
refer to the appropriate Engineering rules document ([R47] to [R56]).
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RF/IO CABLE
It is the RF cable connecting the Antenna connector of the duplexer to the output connector (to
connect the antenna feeder).
Each cable is specifically dedicated to a frequency band. This particularity is due to the quarter
wave lightning protector which must be adapted to the frequency band.
PS COMPUTATION EXAMPLE
Calculation for S8000 Outdoor coupling duplexor, GSM 900 band:
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EARLY_CLASSMARK_SENDING_CONTROL
It indicates if multiband MS is authorized to send the early Classmark Change message to the
BSC via the BTS. This allows the MSC to receive as soon as possible the multiband
information and to pass it to the target BSC. It will speed up call set-ups and allows to perform
Handover and directed retry when needed. The Classmark Change indicates the frequency
bands supported by the MS and MS power classes to perform HO procedures in the best
conditions.
The corresponding parameter is the class 3 attribute early classmark sending belonging to bts
objects. If it is set to enabled, the Classmark_Change message is sent just after the SABM
and UA frames exchange on the Immediate_Assignment procedure. This message makes
interband handover procedures possible. Moreover this parameter allows the mobile to send
its capacity downlink Advanced Receiver performance. That helps to have SAIC mobile
penetration
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SYS_INFO_2TER_INDICATOR
It is used to inform multiband MS that SYS INFO 2ter information is available.
A single band mobile station will only use frequencies from SYS INFO 2 and 5 and if
necessary, 2bis and 5bis for reselection and handover purposes, i.e. frequencies from the
frequency band it supports. The BSC selects neighbour cells from the other band out of the
neighbour list and sends them in SYS INFO 2ter and 5ter (see table below).
Sys info 2
Sys info 5
GSM900 cell
LCAUTION!
Some single band mobiles are disturbed by the receipt of SYS INFO 5ter. They react by
sending an RR status message, that can load the BSC. To avoid this, the sending of these
messages is controlled by the BTS. On the opposite, single band mobile stations are not
disturbed by 2ter messages because they ignore them.
No field called Sys_Info_5ter_Indicator exists. To know if 5ter messages are sent, SACCH
filling messages are used.
The parameter cellBarQualify is not used by some dual band MS in selection and reselection
algorithms.
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MULTIBAND REPORTING
Multiband mobile stations report cells from different frequency bands according to Multiband
Reporting parameter (corresponding to class 3 attribute multi band reporting of bts objects)
broadcast in SYS INFO messages:
the six strongest cells: default value. The multiband MS reports the six
strongest allowed cells regardless of the frequency band.
1, 2, 3: the multiband MS reports the strongest or the two, three strongest
allowed cells outside the current frequency band. The remaining space in the
report is used to give information about cells in the current frequency band. If
there are still some remaining positions (not enough neighbours in the current
frequency band), these positions are used to report cells outside the current
frequency band.
LCAUTION!
A maximum of six cells will be reported. Only this maximum of 6 best cells
transmitted to the BSC by the L1M in a Handover_Indication message .
will be
OHER PROCEDURES
The handling of multiband MS did not need specific changes in L1M. Main changes are on MS
side. However, main procedures can be reviewed with the differences that occur in V10.
PLMN selection: a single band MS only selects a PLMN from its frequency
band. A multiband MS can select PLMNs of both bands.
Cell selection & reselection: a single band MS only selects or re-selects cells
from its frequency band. A multiband MS can select or re-select cells of both
bands. Priority can be given to one band (see chapter Selection, Reselection
Algorithms).
Handovers: a new attribute is introduced in both adjacentCellReselection and
adjacentCellHandover objects. Its name is standardIndicator Adjc and tells the
type of network where the neighboring cell operates (gsm or dcs or
gsmdcs or dcsgsm). A single band MS only performs handovers towards
cells from its frequency band. A multiband MS can perform handovers
towards cells of both bands if classmark 3 is supported on NSS side.
If local mode directed retry is chosen, as it is performed towards a specific neighbour, one
type of single band MS (the one which does not support the frequency band of adjacent cell
umbrella ref) will not use this feature.
For multiband MS, formulas like PBGT or thresholds are the same as single band ones, their
power class is replaced according to the band of the cell they are in (se chapter General
formulas).
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SI2QUATER
It is sent if needed, as determined by the system operator. If sent on BCCH Norm, it shall be
sent when TC = 5 if neither of SI2bis and SI2ter are used, otherwise it shall be sent at least
once within any of 4 consecutive occurrences of TC = 4. If sent on BCCH Ext, it is sent at least
once within any of 4 consecutive occurrences of TC = 5.
SI13
It is only related to the GPRS service. SI13 need only be sent if GPRS support is indicated in
one or more of System Information Type 3 or 4 or 7 or 8 messages. These messages also
indicate if the message is sent on the BCCH Norm or if the message is transmitted on the
BCCH Ext. In the case that the message is sent on the BCCH Norm, it is sent at least once
within any of 4 consecutive occurrences of TC = 4.
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
IDLE
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
BCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
FCCH
SCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
CCCH
IDLE
The feature allows configuring separately SI2Quater and SI13 per BSC either on Norm BCCH
or Ext BCCH.
As a consequence, SI3 message has been updated in order to indicate to the mobile:
PERFORMANCES
The BCCH channel has a repeat period of 8 multi-frames. One multi-frame has 51 frames and
one frame is approximately 4,615ms long. Therefore, the BCCH repeat period is
8*51*4.615ms, or 1,88 seconds. Each period of the BCCH channel is given a number in the
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Redirection procedure duration is directly linked to the time the MS needs to read system
information messages.
On the contrary, the sending of system information on extended BCCH increase load on
AGCH/PCH channel.
BENEFITS
Customers are facing MS issues:
Devices being unable to read SI13 messages when these are sent on the
Extended BCCH. The impact of the failure to read this message was that the
device is partially or completely unable to connect to GPRS services.
Devices seeing valid SI messages containing 3G NCells (SI2Quater) as
corrupted when sent on the Normal BCCH; continued reception of these
messages resulted in the device rebooting or failing to set up CS calls.
So if customers dont wish to recall affected MS the feature allows to modify the allocation of
SI2Quater and SI13 messages
SI2Quater and SI13 on Ext BCCH allow as well speeding up 3G toward 2G cell reselection
(see chapter Mobility 2G - 3G Reselection).
The drawback is a PCH / AGCH capacity lost.
LCAUTION!
When this feature is enabled, e.g. if SI2Quater and/or SI13 on extended BCCH features are
activated, the parameter noOfBlocksForAccessGrant has to be greater than 0.
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Optional SYSINFO to
broadcast
None
TC=0
(Si n) 1
TC=1
TC=2
TC=3
TC=4
TC=5
TC=6
TC=7
(SI n) 2
(SI n) 3
(SI n) 4
(SI n) 1
(SI n) 2
(SI n) 3
(SI n) 4
2bis or
2ter or
2quater
13 only
13
2ter or
2quater
or 13
2bis
2quater
or 13
2ter
2quater & 13
13
2quater
2ter
2bis
2quater
or 13
2bis
2quater
2bis
13
2bis
2quater
2ter
13
2ter
2ter
2bis
2quater
2bis
13
2bis
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8 interfering MS s
on the 8 TS s of F0
BS#2
call drop:
too high C/I
MS driving away
from serving BS
BS#1
The algorithm is based on the use of the Maximum Ratio Combining diversity technique and
the midamble in the GSM burst that is used to gain some indication of the channel
characteristics, and hence an estimate of the noise present. This noise is approximately made
up of interference and thermal-noise. The midamble is a known sequence of bits, which
undergoes changes after propagation. The interference estimation is necessarily biaised since
it is estimated on a short period of time (22 Tsymbol compared to the 148 Tsymbol) and the
interference cancellation in the absence of interference will result in decreasing the SNR ratio.
To avoid this problem, a parameter is introduced.
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MRC is Nortel equipments diversity combining technique which is known to be the linear
combination of signals received on the two antennas, that maximises the S/N ratio when there
is only thermal noise (for example it is 1.5dB better than selection combining). It suffers about
2dB loss when there are strong interferers. Simulations have been carried out to show how
with the use of MRC, the required Carrier-to-Int+Noise ratio (C/(I+N)) to maintain a particular
BER reduces, as the presence of synchronus/asynchronus interferers increases. Although
following the same trend, ICA simulation showed the use of a lower C/(I+N) to maintain the
same BER as opposed to only using MRC.
Before V15.1.1, gain of interferer cancellation was not optimal in case of low Rxlev. Since
V15.1.1 interferer cancellation algorithm has been improved to take into account all range
value for parameter "interferer cancel algo usage" (called rejection factor ) for all RxLev
range
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CCCH_Conf = 0:
CCCH_Conf = 1:
TS 0 = FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
TS 2 = CCCH
CCCH_Conf = 4:
TS 0 = FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4
CCCH_Conf = 2:
TS 0 = FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
TS 0 = FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
TS 2 = CCCH
TS 4 = CCCH
CCCH_Conf = 6:
TS 0 = FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
TS 2 = CCCH
TS 4 = CCCH
TS 6 = CCCH
Note: By increasing the number of CCCH, we decrease the number of TCH, so it leads to
reduction of the capacity. For example, an O8 with 1 BCCH has a capacity of 48,65 Erlangs
(with 2% of blocking rate); with 4 CCCH its capacity drops to 45,88 Erlangs.
To configuration of a CCCH block on a TS the channelType parameter must be set to cCH.
See also chapter SDCCH Dimensioning an TDMA Models.
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4.20.
CTM allows reliable transmission of a text telephone conversation alternating with a speech
conversation through the existing speech communication paths in cellular mobile phone
systems. This reliability is achieved by an improved modulation technique, including error
protection, interleaving and synchronization.
The CTM is intended for use in end terminals (on the mobile or fixed side) and within the BSS
network for the adaptation between CTM and existing traditional text telephone standards.
The signal adaptation Baudot CTM is localized in the TCU 3000 in each TRM board.
NORMAL CASE
SPEECH/DATA INDICATOR = SPEECH + CTM
If an ASSIGNMENT REQUEST or HANDOVER REQUEST message is received from the
MSC with:
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ABNORMAL CASE
On reception by the BSC of an ASSIGNMENT REQUEST or HANDOVER REQUEST
message with:
Circuit Identity Code incompatible with TRM capability (the circuit pool implied
by the CIC information element is incompatible with the channel type
indicated)
Speech/data indicator = Speech + CTM
and permitted speech version identifiers = EFR
and unavailable archipelago EFR_CTM resource (SPU)
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BS
OMC
BS
Cell
Broadcast
Center
SMS-CB
manager
BSC
BS
BS
BSC
BS
4.21.1 PRINCIPLE
In the Nortel networks structure of Cell Broadcast Service a Cell Broadcast Center is
interfaced with the OMC via a non Q3 interface. The OMC act as the SMS-CB manager and
broadcast SMS over all the BSCs placed under its control.
The new requirements concern:
the broadcast of the same short messages on all the cells which are managed
by an OMC-R or a BSC list.
the change rate of these short messages: 13 seconds are required;
The current implementation about the short message broadcast involves
several limitations and OAM constrains which should be raised:
CBC/OMC-R interface throughput which must be compliant with the user
activity performance.
OMC-R/BSC interface throughput which must be compliant with the number of
message (TGE) to be processed by the BSC (from 1 up to 2 TGE/sec for all
transactions).
Heavy OAM constraint to update the data base CBC when network (re)
configuration occurs.
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4.21.2 PERFORMANCES
The following table depicts the number of messages:
CBC / OMC / I/F
Messages
Old
New
X*Y
X*Y
Old
New
X*Y
X*Y
(1+2*X*Y)*n
2*n
2*y*n
320*n max or
1200*n max
X: BSC number
[1:30]
Y: Cell number / BSC12000 [1:160]
X*Y: Cell number / OMC
[1:2400]
n: Number of updates of messages
With this solution, SMS-CB has been dimensioned for following capacities:
on an average: 1 MMI command every 10 sec. for the whole set of users. Or,
1 MMI unitary command every 160 sec. per users, with a maximum of 16
users.
on a maximum: 1 MMI unitary command every 2 sec. for the whole set users,
during 2 hours maximum. Or 1 MMI unitary command every 32 sec. per users,
during 2 hours maximum, with a maximum of 16 users.
The CBC can be associated to n users among 16 ones: then the number of MMI commands
on the CBC / OMC interface is n every 32 sec.
Every short message modifications involves 2 MMI unitary commands (set short message &
start broadcast) the short message change rate is 32*2n.
Note:
When the OMC-R receives one command for all the cells of one or several BSC, it checks for
each cell if there is a CBCH channel and if the limit of 5 short messages is not exceeded. That
defines a compliant cell. It then checks if a threshold S (per BSC) corresponding to a max of
tolerated non compliant cells is reached.
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If the limit of 5 messages is exceeded for one or several cells and if the number of non
compliant cells exceeds the threshold S for one or several BSC, the OMC-R rejects the
command and does not sent the TGEs. The TGEs will not be sent for these BSC(s), but will be
sent for the others. The response (FAILED) to the CBC will report per BSC the non compliant
bts identities (up to the first S bts identities per BSC).
If the number of non compliant cells does not exceed the threshold S for any BSC, the OMC-R
accepts the command and sends the TGEs. The response (SUCCEEDED) to the CBC will
report per BSC the non compliant bts identities (up to S bts identities per BSC).
SMS of 88 bytes
5 messages per cell
2 seconds between each message.
This means a throughput of: 88 * 8 * 5 / 2= 1760 b/s, which is more than 2 times the max
throughput of the CBCH channel.
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MS
BTS
CMI
CMI
20ms
CMR
40ms
20ms
CMC
40ms
CMI
CMI
CMR
CMC
AMR is introduced to choose in real time the repartition between rate of the source vocoder
and channel protection:
Half Rate
Source coding
Global throughput = 11,4 kBits/s
Channel coding
Full Rate
Global throughput = 22,8 kBits/s
when the transmission is good, a high rate vocoder is chosen and the
number of bits dedicated to the channel protection is low,
in case of degraded radio conditions, the vocoder rate is decreased, in
order to provide a better channel protection and allow a better voice
quality.
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For AMR FR, 5 codec modes can be requested: 12k2, 10k2, 6k7, 5k9, 4k75
(12k2 is a virtual mode)
For AMR HR, 4 codec modes can be requested: 7k4, 6k7, 5k9, 4k75 (7k4 is a
virtual mode)
increases by one step the rate of the codec mode, if the requested codec
mode (CMR) is greater than the applied codec mode,
decreases by one step the rate of the codec mode, if the requested codec
mode (CMR) is lower than the applied codec mode,
keeps the same codec mode, if the requested codec mode (CMR) is equal to
the applied codec mode.
C/I
Codec Mode 4
Thresold_3 + Hysteresis_3 = Threshold_Max_Up(3)
Thresold_3 = Threshold_Max_Dn(4)
Codec Mode 3
Codec Mode 2
Codec Mode 1
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PARAMETERS
For each mobile, the following set of parameters has to be defined:
for each link direction (upLink or DownLink), one threshlod per subsequent
codec in the defined Active Codec Set (ACS),
one hysteresis (the same value is used for each codec mode, but one for FR
and another one for HR channel).
But these parameters are linked to a set of factors, some of them being determined by the
BTS (frequency hopping, MS speed), others being network dependent (environment profile).
The following table is implemented in the BSS:
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5k9 to 4k75
6k7 to 5k9
FR thresholds
10k2 to 6k7
12k2 to 10k2
FR hysteresis
5k9 to 4k75
HR thresholds 6k7 to 5k9
7k4 to 6k7
HR hysteresis
slow MS no FH
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
uplink
downlink
ideal FH
fast MS SFH 900
< 4 FH
(>= 4 freq)
no FH
TU3
90
99
108
117
91
100
109
118
92
101
110
119
93
102
111
120
94
103
112
121
95
104
113
122
96
105
114
123
97
106
115
124
98
107
116
125
According to the network configuration, and for each combination of codec mode and link
direction, the operator selects the appropriate thresholds by using the parameters
amrUlFrAdaptationSet, amrUlHrAdaptationSet, amrDlFrAdaptationSet, amrDlHrAdaptationSet
(or the single parameter amrAdaptationSet before V15.1.1). These parameters allow to
choose between 3 sets of pre-defined tables (optimistic, pessimistic and typical settings) plus
one set of tables which is user-defined The BSS using the TS configuration and the MS speed
applies the appropriate column for the uplink path.
As specifed in the GERAN recommendations (05.09) the mobile shall use the downlink
thresholds provided by the BSS defined for a reference environement: Typical Urban 3 km/h
with ideal frequency hopping at 900 MHz. The MS shall then apply a normalization factor to
normalize with respect to different channel types. The normalization factor is mobile
dependant.
See also chapter AMR Field Feedback for further informations on the codec adaptation table.
RATSCCH MANAGEMENT
This new channel is used in order to change the set of codec modes (see "L1m" section), and
has the following main characteristics:
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When amrReserved1 is set to enabled, this procedure is used by the L1m to modify the set of
codec modes, for a FR channel and in case of handover failure with return on the old FR
channel, in order to avoid inconsistency between the BTS and the MS (the BTS sends the
AMR_CONFIG_REQ message).
For TCH/FR, the default transmission phase shall be such that Codec Mode Indications are
sent aligned with TDMA frame 0 in the uplink and with TDMA frame 4 in the downlink. For
TCH/HR, the default transmission phase shall be such that Mode Indications are sent aligned
with TDMA frame 0 or 1 depending on the subchannel in the uplink and with TDMA frame 4 or
5 depending on the subchannel, in the downlink.
If at call setup or after a handover, the Codec Mode Indication is not aligned, an Ater
procedure is engaged in order to change the default phase in downlink direction.
PRINCIPLES
The RATSCCH as the FACCH shares the dedicated channel of the TCH. Contrarily to the
FACCH the RATSCCH is time synchronous. The RATSCCH allows modification of the AMR
configuration (CMI/CMC phasing, Adaptation Thresholds, ACS)..The introduction of the AMR,
Nortel Networks BTS will support the RATSCCH (All Nortels BTS from the S4000 DCU4 to
the most recent BTS will support the AMR speech service.)
The RATSCCH message is composed of a preamble and of a message part. Several
messages have been defined. These messages correspond to different procedures. At the
moment the following have been defined:
PRE-HANDOVER
In case of intracell or intercell handover, the adaptation mechanism has to be frozen to the
ICM. For this result, the BTS has to intercept:
and to perform up to 2 codec mode adaptations, in order to activate the initial codec mode
(5k9 kbits in all cases) and to stop the adaptative mechanism.
This induces:
an increase of around 150ms on the handover duration from the BSS point of
view,
a delay of around 150ms on the handover starting time from a MS point of
view, but no impact for the end-user in term of voice quality (i.e. same speech
gap).
In case of handover failure when the MS returns on the old channel, the adaptation
mechanism is restarted by the BTS at reception of the Start Measurement message
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OAM flags which indicate if the BSC, the TCU, and the cell support AMR, and
strategy selected
MS capability, which is reported by the MSC in Assignment request or
Handover request messages
radio context, for instance as evaluated during the SDCCH phase.
The BSC also has to control the BSS version: an AMR channel is activated only if all nodes
managing the call are at least in V14.
FLAG MANAGEMENT
We use the two following parameters:
FR/HR management
Speech codec
But the chosen channel type is fixed according to radio criteria and some O&M parameters,
and the BSS has the possibility to modify the channel type during the connection, in all cases.
So at reception of the Assignment Request or Handover Request, the following mediation is
done on the Channel Type octet 4:
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hrCellLoadStart
hrCellLoadEnd
filteredTrafficCoefficient
ASSIGNMENT
In case of assignment, according to:
small zone bit indicates if the small zone of the serving is eligible in case of
multi-zone cell
HR large bit indicates if the MS has sufficient radio conditions to manage a
HR channel in the large zone of a mullti-zone cell or in normal cell
HR small bit indicates if the MS has sufficient radio conditions to manage a
HR channel in the small zone of a mullti-zone cell or in normal cell
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Preferred zone
++
HR small zone
HR large zone
FR small zone
--
FR large zone
the BSC selects the channel type and the zone for the MS.
RADIO ALLOCATOR
The radio allocator is improved in order to manage AMR calls. Due to intrinsic quality of FR
AMR and HR AMR, 2 new parameters are created on the transceiver object, in order to give
an AMR priority to each TDMA:
frAMRprioriry
hrAMRPriority
where
Thus according these new parameters, the BSC chooses the radio TS using the following
order:
Interference level,
TDMA priority,
TDMA number (from the smallest to the biggest: 0 to n),
TS number (from the biggest to the smallest: TS7 to TS0).
Always fill the holes in term of tree half (between 2 holes, the BSC uses
priority rules previously defined
If there is no hole, then the BSC allocates the highest priority TS using the
rules previously defined
This radio allocator is not improved in order to manage AMR calls, thus if an
AMR request occurs and this radio allocator is selected, then:
an other vocoder (EFR or FR) is selected using priority order given in the
channel type element
the allocated channel type is always a full rate TCH.
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A FR AMR channel, specially with low codec mode, is more resistant than the
normal FR channel
A HR AMR channel, is more sensitive to interference than the normal FR
channel
Some new mechanisms dedicated for AMR channels based on "requested codec mode" in
uplink and downlink paths, which are the best representation of the quality in this case, are
designed.
For this reason, RxQual criterion is not used in AMR L1m algorithm, dealing with AMR
channel.
AMR HR
10k2
6k7
6k7
5k9
5k9
4k75
4k75
In AMR L1m mechanisms, the main criterion for L1m is the requested codec mode provided
by the MS or the BTS. With this set of codec modes, it is impossible to detect if the quality is
good or very good (in both cases the MS and the BTS provide the 10k2 or 6k7 codec mode
according to the channel type).
In order to solve this problem, for an half rate channel, a fourth codec mode (7k4) is added to
the list allowing to distinguished between good and very good radio conditions. Thus the half
rate codec mode set becomes:
AMR HR
7k4
6k7
5k9
4k75
if the radio conditions are good for uplink and downlink, then the 12k2 kbits
codec mode is configured and the 4k75 discarded allowing to distinguish
between good and very good radio conditions (using RATSCCH channel).
if the radio conditions are bad for uplink or downlink, then the 12k2 kbits
codec mode is removed and the 4k75 is set back (using RATSCCH channel).
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AMR FR
12k2
10k2
10k2
6k7
6k7
5k9
5k9
4k75
The following algorithm details the way of changing the codec mode set, for both paths:
1) initial state: the active codec mode set is {12k2, 10k2, 6k7, 5k9}
2) during the last 480ms period, at least one 4k75 code mode or 3 * 5k9 codec mode
are requested for uplink or downlink paths, then the active codec mode set is change
to {10k2, 6k7, 5k9, 4k75}
3) if the active code mode set is {10k2, 6k7, 5k9, 4k75} and during the last 2*480ms
period, no 5k9 nor 4k75 code mode is requested for uplink and downlink paths, then
the active codec mode set is change to {12k2, 10k2, 6k7, 5k9}.
POWER CONTROL
The Power Control feature reduces the average interferences level on the Network and saves
mobile batteries.
Power control algorithms are redesigned for AMR calls, in order to take into account the
requested codec mode. With the following parameters (powerControl object), the operator
defines the target codec mode of each channel type:
Uplink target codec
hrPowerControlTargetMode
frPowerControlTargetMode
hrPowerControlTargetModeDl
frPowerControlTargetModeDl
For the uplink path, SNR and CMR criteria are available, but the SNR is more accurate than
the CMR. For the downlink path only the CMR is available. Thus the AMR power control does
not apply same principles for both paths. This new power control mechanism is also controlled
by the 2 classical power control parameters:
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To decrease the power level of one step if the last requested codec mode of
the 480 ms is greater than the target codec mode,
To increase the power level of one step if the last requested codec mode of
the 480 ms is lower than the target codec mode
Note: in AMR like in EFR, the parameter lRxLevDLP indicates the threshold below which
power control is inhibited.
HANDOVER MECHANISMS
The following table describes which handover mechanisms are impacted by the AMR
introduction
Handover type
modified
yes
no
distance
no
power budget
no
yes
capture
no
inter-zone
yes
directed retry
no
Traffic
no
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PRINCIPLE
These 4 handovers are based on "(n,p) voting" principle, using the requested codec mode.
The (n,p) voting principle considers the last p requested codec modes, it compares them to
two parameters: a codec mode threshold defined for the procedure and the specific n value
pRequestedCodec
t
Handover
decision
pRequestedCodec
nHRRequestedCodec
nFRRequestedCodec
If the n parameter is set to a value greater than the p parameter, then all associated features
are deactivated. If the target codec mode is the smallest, then the associated feature is
deactivated.
INTERBSC HANDOVER
In case of interBSC handover, according to:
if one out of these last 2 optional A interface elements is not set in the
Handover Request message, the chosen channel type is FR
if these 2 elements are present and the half rate is allowed in the target cell,
then the following table is applied:
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HR
Cause
FR
uplink quality
FR
FR
uplink strength
FR
FR
downlink quality
FR
FR
downlink strength
FR
FR
Distance
FR
FR
O&M intervention
FR
FR
Better cell
HR
FR
Directed retry
FR
FR
Traffic
HR
FR
HR AMR
FR AMR
AMR quality
FR AMR
FR AMR
DISTANCE
FR AMR
FR AMR
PBGT
HR AMR
FR AMR
TRAFFIC
HR AMR
FR AMR
Forced HO
FR AMR
FR AMR
Capture
FR AMR
FR AMR
Directed retry
FR AMR
FR AMR
The speechMode parameter value of the target cell and the cell load are also checked in order
to verify that the half rate is allowed in the cell.
With AMR calls, RxLev and RxQual criteria for uplink and downlink are not used and replaced
by an algorithm based on "(n,p) voting" principle, using the requested codec mode.
Following parameters are introduced in order to specify the target requested codec mode for
FR and HR AMR channel:
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh
In order to manage the eligible cell list, a new handover margin is introduced in the
adjacentCellHandOver object: hoMarginAMR this parameter is used in order to calculate the
Exp2 (this expression is used to evaluate the PBGT criteria for each cell and to classify eligible
cells, please refer to chapter EXP2).
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IF N(Uplink) nXXRequestedCodec
OR N(Downlink) nXXRequestedCodec
THEN the Handover is triggered
With N the number of requested codec mode for the uplink or the downlink strictly lower than
AMRXXIntercellCodecModeThreshold (XX stands for HR or FR)
normal intra-cell
FR
FR
FR or HR
FR
FR
HR
HR**
tiering FH to no FH
FR
FR
tiering FH to no FH
HR
FR
tiering no FH to FH
FR
FR
tiering no FH to FH
HR
HR
AMR FR to HR
FR
HR
AMR HR to FR
HR
FR
*The radio conditions are given by the BTS to the BSC using the Current Cell Add information
element in the Handover Indication message.
**If radio conditions are not sufficient in the small zone to manage this HR MS, the MS
remains in the large one, due to the HR priority.
Intracell handover principle is to give to the mobile a better resource in term of interference, if
its C/I is low, with a high C value.
This principle is only applicable to FR AMR mobiles, due to interaction with HR >FR handover:
in these radio conditions, it is really more efficient to allocate a FR radio TS to a HR AMR
mobile, than to perform a handover from an HR TS to a HR TS. This intracell handover is
triggered only if the intracell parameter of handovercontrol object is set to enable.
The following parameter is introduced on the handoverControl object, in order to specify the
target requested codec mode for FR AMR channel:
amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh
The minimum level to perform an AMR intracell handover is defined by following parameters
on the handoverControl object:
amriRxLevDLH
amriRxLevULH
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With N the number of requested codec mode for the uplink or the downlink strictly lower than
amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh for the uplink or the downlink
nCapacityFRRequestedCodec
The handover is triggered if the "(n,p) voting" principle is fulfilled in both directions.
Note:
With N the number of requested codec mode for 12k2 in the p requested codec mode for the
uplink and the downlink path,
amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh
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amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL
amrDirectAllocRxLevDL
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
So the direct half rate TCH allocation uses the following criteria:
In a normal cell or in the large zone:
IF RxLevDL > amrDirectAllocRxLevDL and RXLevUL > amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
THEN the direct HR TCH allocation is eligible
In a small zone:
IF RxLevDL > amrDirectIntAllocRxLevDL and RXLevUL > amrDirectIntAllocRxLevUL
THEN the direct HR TCH allocation is eligible
In v17.0, the Direct TCH Allocation mechanism has been improved to take into account the
case where only a short, not fully reliable, measurement average is available. In that case, all
algorithm criteria are tightened by adding the hoMarginBeg parameter to the appropriate
thresholds (amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL, amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL, amrDirectAllocRxLevDL,
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL).
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SUMMARY
The following table presents a summary of all new L1m decisions:
HO decision
channel type
target codec
quality intercell UL / DL
TCH FR
pRequestedCodec
TCH HR
pRequestedCodec
nFRRequestedCodec
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh
nHRRequestedCodec
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh
quality intracell UL / DL
FR FR
TCH FR
pRequestedCodec
nFRRequestedCodec
amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh
HR FR
TCH HR
pRequestedCodec
nHRRequestedCodec
amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh
FR HR
TCH FR
pRequestedCodec
capacity intracell
outer zone
inner zone
channel type
SDCCH
nCapacityFRRequestedCodec
averaging window
thresholds
1 rxLevHreqt*
amrDirectAllocRxLevDL
rxLevHreqave
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
SDCCH
1 rxLevHreqt*
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
TCH FR
rxLevHreqave
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL
TCH HR
* in this case, all available measures, up to rxLevHreqt are taken into account.0
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Tiering BCCH to FH FR
Tiering BCCH to FH HR
Intracell FR or HR
FR
FR
Interzone FR or HR
Intracell FR or HR
FR
FR
Tiering BCCH to FH FR
Tiering BCCH to FH HR
Interzone FR
Interzone HR
FR or HR
HR Capacity FR
Capacity FR
HR
HR
FR or HR
FR
HR
HR
FR or HR
Direct TCH
allocation
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INTERCELL HANDOVERS:
FR FR
Target Cell
FR
FR
HR
HR
PBGT
Traffic
Alarm
Capture
HR
HR
FR FR
Source Cell
FR
FR
HR
HR
FR FR
Directed
Retry
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AMR FR REQUEST
In case of AMR FR request, there is no specific mechanism. The request is granted in the
same conditions as for a non-AMR circuit-switched call.
AMR HR REQUEST
Before v17.0, in case of an AMR HR request, if a preemption has to be done, then the
allocated channel following preemption is an AMR FR channel.
From v17.0, if the AMR-HR on preempted pDTCH feature is activated (v17 parameter
gprsPreemptionForHr = enabled), then the BSC is able to preempt a shared GPRS timeslot to
serve an AMR-HR request. The algorithm is as follows :
When the BSC receives an assignement or a handover request for a half-rate speech channel,
the BSC searches for an available HR channel in the following order of preference :
free half-rate channel of a TCH physical channel whose other half-rate channel is
already allocated to a voice AMR HR call (no dialog between BSC and PCU is
needed)
free TCH physical channel (no dialog between BSC and PCU is needed)
free half-rate channel of an already preempted PDTCH whose other half-rate channel
is already allocated to a voice AMR HR call (no dialog between BSC and PCU is
needed)
half-rate channel of a newly preempted PDTCH (BSC and PCU must negotiate)
This feature for AMR-HR preemption may have an impact on the AMR based on Traffic
threshold settings, see 4.23.7
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The number of priority 0 TS takes into account only radio TS which are completely free (i.e. a
free half rate TS is count for 0).
TCH SIGNALLING
A signaling half rate TCH can not be activated at reception of Channel Required.
If a signaling Assignment Request (channel type: speech/ data indicator field), for a mobile
using a half rate TCH, an assignment procedure is triggered to a SDCCH channel and the
associated CIC is released (this case occurs at the end of a speech call, if a SMS procedure is
started and not finished).
If a signaling Assignment Request (channel type: speech/ data indicator field), for a mobile
using a full rate TCH, a channel mode modify procedure is triggered to a signaling TCH
channel and the associated CIC is released (this case occurs at the end of a speech call, if a
SMS procedure is started and not finished).
If an AMR HR or FR Assignment Request is received for a mobile using a signaling FR TCH,
the BSC modifies the current signaling FR TCH to a AMR FR TCH and later, if radio
conditions are sufficient, then a handover from AMR FR to AMR HR will be triggered by the
BTS (see section Principles/ L1m/Handover mechanisms/ handover HR->FR).
P%=
P% is evaluated as:
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If the handover cause = RxQual and the speech version <> AMR then the
Handover cause = RxQual.
If the handover cause = RxQual and the speech version = AMR then the
Handover cause = AMR quality.
TDMA CONFIGURATION
Due to the half rate channel introduction and to limit the number of contexts in the BSC, the
number of SDCCH per TDMA is limited as following:
normal cell:
extended cell:
LCAUTION!
It is highly recommended to respect that TDMA configuration in case of activation of AMR.
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HR capacity
HR
FR capacity
FR
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This feature is based on a smooth mechanism, which allows anticipating the cell load and
switching the allocation into HR mode, when an Erlang threshold is reached.
The following picture illustrates the interworking between these 2 kinds of mechanisms over
24 hours:
Blocking managed
thanks to directed retry
and HO traffic
Traffic
Max HR
capacity
Number of
allocated TCH
Avg Erlang
24 hours
Low traffic: all calls are allocated in full rate mode and the blocking is
managed thanks to directed retry and traffic handovers features.
High traffic: call are allocated in half or full rate modes, according to radio
conditions of each calls and the ultimate blocking is managed thanks to
directed retry and traffic handovers features.
Filtered_TCH_ration = a*
busy_TCH_TS
+ (1 - a)* Filtered_TCH_ration-1
available_TCH_TS
where:
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Where:
This formula is valid for AMR Based on Traffic and AMR maximization algorithm.
Note that if the denominator of the Filtered_Erlang formula is null or negative, no computation
is done and the previous value of Filtered_Erlang value is kept.
This filtered busy TCH ratio is then compared to the 2 thresholds HRCellLoadStart and
HRCellLoadEnd in order to determine the cell load state:
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In case of TDMA / TRX defense mechanism, the BSC has to take into account the new
number of DRX in service at the next period, in order to evaluate the cell load state.
Smax
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
amrDirectAlloc RxLev4
(Int)RxLevxx
-110
RxLev3
RxLev2
RxLev1
-48
dBm
The principle is for the BSC to adapt the following OMC-R parameters according to the cell
load state:
AMRDirectAllocRxLevUL
AMRDirectAllocRxLevDL
AMRDirectAllocIntRxLevUL
AMRDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
The threshold associated to the cell load state i is evaluated according to the following
formula:
Nb_DRX-i
Threshold_i = int AMRDirectAllocyyRxlevxx + (-48 - AMRDirectAllocyyRxlevxx)*
Nb_DRX
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Where:
FR TO HR HANDOVER
FR to HR handover: this handover is activated DRX per DRX according to the cell load state:
The BSC chooses the i DRX in the cell according to the AMR FR radio allocator priority.
Highest priority TDMA are switched in FR->HR mode in first. Every 10 seconds if needed, new
parameters are sent to all DRX.
The initial is no DRX activated, especially at the end of a defense TDMA procedure.
In case of modification of any AMR FR to HR handover parameter, the new value is taken into
account at the next period.
All Handover Indication messages sent by the BTS, have to be managed by the BSC
whatever the cell load state.
This mechanism is activated only if:
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HR AMR
FR AMR
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
HR preferred (***)
HR preferred (***)
FR only
FR only
Frequency tiering
FR only
FR only
Not applicable
FR only
Not applicable
FR only
FR only
Not applicable
FR only
Not applicable
Not applicable
HR only
Handover Cause
Intracell uplink
Intracell downlink
Capture
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HR AMR
FR AMR
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
FR only
Distance
FR only
FR only
O&M intervention
FR only
FR only
Better cell
HR preferred
HR preferred(**)
Directed Retry
FR only
FR only
Traffic
HR preferred
HR preferred(**)
Handover Cause
Downlink strength
(*)
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by disabling the RF checks for HR allocation, i.e. forcing 100% new call in HR
fullHRCellLoadStart
fullHRCellLoadEnd.
This function is active as soon as these 2 new thresholds are both different from 100.
Blocking managed
thanks to directed retry
and HO traffic
Traffic
Max HR
capacity
Number of
allocated TCH
FullHRCellLoadStart
AMR HR maximization
area
FullHRCellLoadEnd
HRCellLoadStart
Max FR
capacity
Max FR capacity
->HR threshold
HRRCellLoadEnd
FR
Blocking managed
thanks to directed retry
and HO traffic
Avg Erlang
24 hours
In case of modification of one any new parameter, the new value is taken into account at the
next period.
Note that the AMR Half Rate speech mode is a pre-requirement of AMR Maximization.
Without Half Rate capacity allowed, all calls will be allocated in FR mode whatever the cell
state (normal, high traffic or congested).
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The HR to FR handover shall be deactivated: fall back to AMR FR not possible for
on going AMR HR (see Handover during congestion period). In order to prevent
those handovers, the Extended Current Cell Parameters message is sent to all
DRX with the parameter AMRHRToFRIntracellCodecModeThreshold set to
4.75.This parameter is in the AMR Handover Parameters IEI of the Extended
Current Cell Parameters message.
all incoming Handover shall be forced to Half rate mode whatever the cause
received in the request of the handover if the MS capability supports the HR mode
(channel type);
all intra cell handover FR to HR rate mode are authorized for all DRX
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AMR Maximization
Inter-BSC and inter-cell intra-BSC incoming handover mediation
Target
Handover cause
Cell
congestion
in
and
MS supports HR
in
congestion
mode
Uplink quality (**)
HR
FR only
HR
FR only
HR
FR only
HR
FR only
Distance
HR
FR only
O&M intervention
HR
FR only
Better cell
HR
Directed Retry
HR
Traffic
HR
Downlink
quality
(**)
Downlink strength
(**)
FR
only
or
HR
or
HR
preferred (*)
FR only
FR
only
preferred (*)
(*): HR preferred according to the AMR Based on Traffic condition: cell Load
State > 0
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The following table describes the BSC mediation in case of intra-cell handover for an AMR call
with the cell in AMR Maximization congestion state:
AMR Maximization
Intra-cell incoming handover mediation
Target Cell in congestion and
Handover cause
MS supports HR mode
Intracell uplink
HR
Intracell downlink
HR
Capture
HR
Inter-zone
HR
Frequency tiering
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
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In case where both ABOT & Maximization activated i.e hrCellLoadStart <> 100 AND
fullHRCellLoadStart <> 100
Then the following rule must be followed
fullHRCellLoadStart > fullHRCellLoadEnd
fullHRCellLoadStart > hrCellLoadStart
fullHRCellLoadEnd > hrCellLoadEnd
In case where ABOT not activated & Maximization activated i.e hrCellLoadStart =100
AND fullHRCellLoadStart <> 100
Then the following rule must be followed
fullHRCellLoadStart > fullHRCellLoadEnd
In case where ABOT activated & Maximization not activated i.e hrCellLoadStart <>
100 AND fullHRCellLoadStart = 100
Then the following rule must be followed
hrCellLoadStart >= hrCellLoadEnd
4.22.10
QUEUING HR
The previous Nortel implementation does not allow a direct AMR HR allocation for a call that is
being queued. In V18, the requested AMR-HR from queuing can be served in AMR-HR mode.
Moreover in case of one HR resource is released, an HR request queued should take
precedence over a FR request in same queue (same internal priority) in a cell congested or in
high traffic state. This new functionality is available by default on the V18 software load, no
need to activate the feature.
.
FR requested
HR requested
FR
FR
HR
HR
FR
HR
FR
FR
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4.22.11
The purpose of the feature Repeated downlink FACCH is to secure the handover procedure
in poor radio condition (with AMR FR and HR) by retransmitting the FACCH frames in
downlink after about 40ms, i.e. without waiting for the mobile acknowledgement
Thanks to this feature end-users will experience a better call retainability in badly covered or
interfered area. Acceptable voice quality will be maintained thanks the robust AMR/FR & HR
codec usage. On the other hand voice quality being slightly degraded during handover
procedures due to repeated frame stealing; the preventive retransmission scheme should be
triggered only in bad radio conditions.
Note that repeated downlink FACCH mechanism is supported for TCH/F from BSS V16 to
enhance signaling channel performance with AMR/F. This feature is applicable for AMR HR
calls since V18
The MS (Release 6 and subsequent) shall not send the LAPDm frame of the current
FACCH block to the LAPDm entity.
Pre-release 6 MS may send a REJ message upon receiving repeated frame, but this
does not prevent this MS to get the benefit from the repetition mechanism.
If the current FACCH block is successfully decoded and there was no such previously
received identical FACCH block, the LAPDm frame of the current FACCH block is sent to the
LAPDm entity.
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FEATURE ACTIVATION
A dedicated cell class 2 parameter, enableRepeatedFacchFr, is used to enable the feature by
chosing a codec threshold or to disable the support of Repeated FACCH in each cell.for AMR
FR
Since V18 a new dedicated cell class 2 parameter enableRepeatedFacchHr, is used to enable
the feature for AMR HR calls
When repeating FACCH messages, T200 is started when transmitting the subsequent FACCH
(~ 40 ms later) to cope with the case where an MS fails to decode the downlink FACCH block
used to send the first instance of a repeated LAPDm frame.
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PERFORMANCE
When repeating a frame, the applicable T200 duration is increased by about 40 ms (~20%).
This induces a longer time for drop call detection with T200 mechanism because N200 cannot
be modified.
In addition, a new MS shall soft combine the frames to optimize the decoding probability
whereas legacy mobile will simply see an increased probability of decoding Lapdm frame. The
expected benefit for mobiles using soft combining is about 4 dB gain and about 2 dB gain for
legacy mobiles.
This graph presents the expected benefits on softcombining MS and lecacy MS.
Legacy MS gain
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4.22.12
In order to increase the signaling channels (FACCH and SACCH) robustness in downlink, BTS
may use a power offset (above the Tx power applicable for speech) to transmit the signaling
bursts.
The benefit in term of C/I is depending on the power offset for the signaling robustness and
allows the operator increasing the fractional load and thus the spectrum efficiency. Voice
quality can be still acceptable thanks to the use of robust AMR codec.
The first transmission of HO COMMAND and ASSIGNMENT COMMAND for all AMR
calls in order to maximize the likelihood of decoding these messages from the first
instance,
Every re-transmission of I-frame on FACCH for all AMR calls (HR and FR) in order to
maximise the likelihood of decoding these messages.
Every UA (respectively DM) frame on FACCH corresponding to an uplink retransmission of SABM (respectively DISC) frames for all AMR calls (HR and FR) in
order to improve the two-ways robustness.
The transmission of all SACCH frames for AMR FR 4.75 kbps, 5.9 kbps and 6.7 kbps
calls (tunable with an OMC-R parameter) in order to avoid radio link time-out (that
leads to drop calls.
On theses messages a power offset (tunable from the OMC-R) is applied up to the nominal Tx
power.
Note: The power offset applies (up to the nominal Tx power of the BTS) on BTS18000, ecell,
as well as S8000 and S12000 fitted with e-DRX or DRX-ND3. For other BTS hardware, the
feature does not apply. In addition this feature is not applicable on BCCH TRX (PA is always
transmitting with Pmax and transmitting power should not fluctuate).
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FEATURE ACTIVATION
This feature is activated at cell level; dedicated class 2 parameters are used to enable/disable
the feature in each cell. The parameters related to tune the feature are the following:
facchPowerOffset
sacchPowerOffset
sacchPowerOffsetSelection
Note: If the BTS hardware (DRX or RM) does not support the signalling offset mode (up to
Pnominal), the facchPowerOffset and sacchPowerOffset provisioning is not considered and
the DRX or RM behaves as it behaves when facchPowerOffset and sacchPowerOffset are set
to 0 dB.
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
The Tx Power Offset for Signaling Channels is applicable to different type of message;
hereafter the process for each specific handling:
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Second case:
IF PWR + facchPowerOffset > Pnominal
THEN
SPU set the dynamic power control to: 0 BTS transmits the frame at Pnominal
Note: PWR is the BTS transmit power computed by L1M power control algorithm and
applicable for speech and Pnominal is the BTS Tx power set by the static power control
and RR and REJect frames on FACCH (with F bit set to 1) corresponding to an uplink
retransmission of a FACCH frame
are transmitted with the maximum power in order to maximise the likelihood of decoding
these messages and therefore avoid as far as possible the drop calls due to N200 overrun.
The BTS LAPDm entity flags each FACCH frame mentioned here-above then SPU entity
checks this flag and apply (or not) the power offset (facchPowerOffset) on the re-transmitted
frame.
When applying the power offset:
SPU (as describes for HO command and assignment command) either modifies the dynamic
power control in accordance with PWR + facchPowerOffset or set this power control to 0
leading the BTS to transmit the frame at Pnominal.
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Second case:
IF PWR + sacchPowerOffset > Pnominal
THEN
SPU set the dynamic power control to: 0 BTS transmits the frame at Pnominal
Note: Correction of RxLev (to remove the impact of the power offset on Tx power control
mechanism) can be approximated by SPU entity and conveyed to the L1m. In another hand,
correction of CMR is not possible since BTS does not have the SNR info from MS. The impact
on the choice of AMR CODEC cannot be by-passed see [R36]
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So, in poor radio condition, the transmission power for signaling burst may stay identical
thanks to the Power offset while interference level has decreased.
Since the low target codec for Downlink Power control cannot be reached if the RxLev Power
control threshold limits the BS attenuation and if the Tx Power Offset for Signaling Channels
feature is enabled, lRxLevDLP for AMR communication is set to:
LRxLevDLP - min (facchPowerOffset, sacchPowerOffset).
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4.23.1 PRINCIPLE
If a Service user invokes WPS (Wireless Priority Service) and no radio traffic channel is
available in the cell, the WPS request shall be queued according to the WPS priority, the call
initiation time and the state of the queue for the cell.
This feature is an improvement of the queuing services available to WPS users.
The WPS queuing principle is the following:
For public queue management and related parameters, refer to chapter Queuing.
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Its own T11 timer value, which represents the maximum time a WPS call
request of a given priority Pi can remain in queue
The priority Pi is received from the MSC in the assignement request message.
The size Ni of a given WPS queue is set according to the allocWaitThreshold parameter. In
order to be in accordance with the WPS industry requirement and configuration, each queue
size threshold Ni (with 8< i <12) should be equal (N8=N9=N10=N11=N12) and equals the
maximum number of WPS requests allowed in the WPS queues.
The timer T11 for a given queue can be defined with the allocPriorityTimers parameter. It is
understood that the request will immediately be denied with a cause no radio resource
available if this timer is set to 0.
the BSS shall remove the WPS request with the lowest priority (Pk) and the
most recent initiation time from the queue. It sends an assignment failure for
this removed WPS request with the cause no radio resource available.
the BSC shall place the newly arrived WPS request in the queue i according
to the initiation time and the priority level.
A queuing indication for the WPS call request of priority Pi and an assignement failure for the
WPS call request of priority Pk are sent to to the MSC.
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T11 EXPIRY
If the WPS request is in queue i for a radio traffic channel and the maximum time allowed for
that queue expires, the WPS request is removed from the queue and the call is cleared. A
clear request with the cause no radio resource available is then sent to the MSC.
FEATURE ACTIVATION
If the bscQueuingOption parameter is set to not allowed then queuing is not performed, i.e.
no request goes into any of the queues 0 to 12, whatever the wPSManagement value is. In all
the following cases, the bscQueuingOption flag is considered as allowed (MSC driven).
One has to well understand the two levels of queuing in MSC Driven queuing mode:
At the MSC level the call request is described by two fields in the assignement
request message: queuing allowed set to allowed / not allowed, and priority
level (14 are defined)
At the BSC level the queuing management of the call requests is set to
allowed, so the BSC takes into account the 2 fields described above
WPS queuing is so done according both to the queuing allowed field value set in the
assignment request message sent by the MSC (if this field value is set to queuing not
allowed, then there is no queuing) and the WPS priority (1 to 5).
In all the following cases, this field value is considered as queuing allowed for all WPS and
public call requests.
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PRINCIPLE
The idea of the algorithm is to allocate a specified portion of the traffic channels (as they
become free) with preference to public calls, and to allocate a second portion of the traffic
channels (as they become free) with preference to WPS calls.
The BSC radio resource allocator processes the algorithm which favors WPS calls 1 out of
wPSQueueStepRotation times and then process the algorithm which favors public calls P out
of wPSQueueStepRotation times (P = wPSQueueStepRotation 1).
With this choice, 1 out of wPSQueueStepRotation of the call capacity can be allocated for
WPS users, wPSQueueStepRotation being 1,2, ,10. (recommended value is 4 and hence
25% can be allocated with preference to WPS requests)
FEATURE ACTIVATION
If the wPSManagement flag (BSC level) is disabled but queuing indications in the assignement
request message still give the priority to WPS call requests, in case of cell congestion, the
WPS users may use all the cell bandwidth (due to their priority) and public users may not have
an access to the network. However that case could only occur if WPS queues are mapped on
internal queues 0-7 instead of the queues dedicated for WPS, because only internal queues 07 are evaluated to serve a queued request when wPSManagementFlaf is turned off. The new
algorithm has a cell based internal management that does not impact any other cells in term of
traffic management.
This feature is linked with the queuing management (public and WPS requests) and hence
parameters related to the queue management have to bet set in order to take advantage of
the benefits provided by the PURQ AC algorithm.
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BTS
BSC
Abis
Agprs
Ater
Abis
BTS
Abis
In some network areas, there is no earth terrestrial transmission infrastructure between the
BSC and the BTS. This feature solves this problem thanks to a satellite link between these 2
nodes.
To get detailed information about the implementation of this feature, please refer to document
[R31].
More details on recommended parameter associated to feature restrictions are given in the
Satellite Abis Interface - Engineering Guideline (refer to document [R32])
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Consequently, as shown in the figure below, between two not co-site cells there are random:
cell 1
FN x
FN x
FN x
FN x
FN x
FN y-1 FN y
cell 2
FN y
FN y
FN y
FN y
It has to be noted that a MS computes - using its timebase counter - the time offset by
measuring the time from the beginning of TS0 on its BCCH carrier and the beginning of the
first TS0 on a neighbor BCCH carrier. Also, the data found on these 2 TS0 may be used for
calculating the FNOffset between its cell and the neighbor cell.
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SYNCHRONIZED NETWORK
With NW synchronization feature, all cells of a network could be synchronized on the same
clock, the GPS clock, through an additional external GPS receiver.
There are 2 ways this can be implemented:
Burst synchronization in which all burst are aligned to the GPS clock
Time synchronization in which all burst are aligned to the GPS clock and
also a absolute time (or a way to deduce it) is provided, as well, to all the
equipments
cell 1
FN x
FN x
FN x
FN x
FN x
cell 2
FN y
FN y
FN y
FN y
FN y
FN y
FN y
Both type of synchronizations are implemented in Nortels portfolio and are supported by
addition of equipments (TMU) and parameters.
It has to be noted that in a burst synchronized network these time slot offsets and frame
number offsets cannot be controlled and that every time a site is locked-unlocked these offsets
change randomly.
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Consequently, see general case of synchronization figure on previous page, between two not
co-site burst synchronized cells there are:
As in the case of an asynchronous network, the co-site cells have the same time bit offsets,
time slot offsets and frame number offsets.
Also, similar to the asynchronous network, the co-site cells have the same time bit offsets,
time slot offsets and frame number offsets.
Consequently, see general case of synchronization figure on previous page, between two not
co-site time synchronized cells there are:
It has to be noted that the main difference between a time synchronized and a burst
synchronized network is that time slot offset planning and frame number offset
planning are possible only in a time synchronized network.
btsSMSynchroMode
tnOffset,
fnOffset
masterBtsSmId
Note: Other network existing parameters may have a significant impact on network
performances when network synchronization is applied:
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Also, it has to be noted that more parameters (for handovers, location services etc) may
have to be eventually retuned for an optimal functioning when network synchronization feature
is deployed.
Quantity of interferences:
being able to control cell FN Offsets, it may be possible to use some
carefully chosen of hopping laws (HSN, MAIO, MA list, FN) in order to
decrease the collision probability between one or more couples of cells
being able to control cell TN and FN Offsets, it is possible to completely
avoid the collisions between two cells which are not co-site when using a
fractional reuse frequency plan
Note: all this eventual control of the quantity of interferences is possible only
when time synchronizing the network as it is required to control and plan the
FN Offsets (and TN Offsets as well);
Impact of interferences:
the various features of interferences cancellation and noise cancellation for
both BTS and MS are expected to work optimally (or better) when
synchronizing the network
Others
HO reactivity, LCS precision
Please refer to Network Synchronization handbook [R34] for a complete Impact, engineering
rules and KPI Results presentation.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
HILLY TERRAIN PROFILES
For cells operating under very specific radio conditions, namely hard Hilly Terrain profiles, the
Novel Adaptive Receiver structure may possibly cause a slight performance loss compared
with the initial processing. Therefore, it is recommended to disable the adaptive receiver for
these cells. :
adaptiveReceiver = disabled
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4.27.
4.27.1 PRINCIPLE
For details, please refer to the Functional Note ([R41]).
No encryption
Encryption algorithm version 2 (also called A5/2). A5/2 was removed from the GSM
networks at the end of 2006 in compliance with the 3GPP recommendations, as a
consequence of the published attacks against A5/2.
This v17.0 feature provides a new encryption algorithm in the BSS called A5/3.
Also, this feature changes the class of the existing parameter encryptAlgorSupported from
class 0 to class 3 to limit service disruption when changing its setting.
DRX ND3
eDRX
RM.
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A5/3 is configured at the O&M level as the preferred encryption algorithm in the BSS
Since the A5/3 encryption algorithm is neither supported by all types of TRX nor by all
mobiles, and more especially by legacy mobiles already deployed by the operators, a fallback
encryption algorithm needs to be available whenever the A5/3 encryption algorithm is
requested by the MSC. In such a case, based on the value of the O&M parameter
encryptAlgorSupported , either no encryption or A5/1 may be defined at O&M level as the
fallback encryption algorithm to be used by the BSS.
The class is changed in v17.0 from class 0 to class 3. Thus, no BDA build is
necessary when changing the value of this parameter : no interruption of service
The range of values has been expanded and now includes the following values :
o
gsmEncryptionV1 : all the BTS of the BSS will use A5/1 for ciphering, if
requested and allowed by the NSS
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
HANDOVER PERFORMED
Today (2007), all NSS software on the market supports these messages. Therefore, these
BSSMAP messages and fields must be enabled on the BSS side, otherwise the BSS will not
send them to the NSS, and this risks causing the ciphering procedure to operate in a lessthan-optimal manner.
To prevent this happening, the following BSS parameters must be set to value true :
cypherModeReject
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encrypAlgoAssComp
encrypAlgoCiphModComp
encrypAlgoHoPerf
encrypAlgoHoReq
layer3MsgCyphModComp
NSS PARAMETERS
A5/3 is supported by the NSS Nortel since GSM07 by feature AD8028.
A5/3 is datafilled in the MSC by setting the following Office Parameters :
HANDOVER DURATION
In the same way, since the ciphering mode setting field may be added in the Radio Interface
HANDOVER COMMAND message, adding 1 byte, the BSS may need to send an additional
frame on the radio interface dedicated channel in case the existing frame is already full without
this field. This additional frame could lead to 235 ms (handover on SDCCH) or 20 ms
(handover on TCH) additional delay during the handover.
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Configured TRX : TRX that is mapped to a TDMA. The state of a configured TRXs PA
depends on whether the TRX is active or idle (see definitions below) and on the
circumstances.
Unconfigured TRX : transient state of the TRX that exists while the TRX has not yet
received the current cell parameters from the BTS
Deconfigured TRX : state of a TRX that exists after having received a clear config
command from the BTS
Spare TRX : TRX that is not mapped to a TDMA. The PA of a spare TRX may be in
state ON or state OFF depending on the circumstances, as explained in what
follows.
Active TRX : configured TRX that is being used by signaling or traffic on at least one
of the TDMAs radio timeslots. The PA of an active TRX is always ON.
Idle TRX : configured TRX whose TDMA is not currently carrying any ongoing traffic or
signalling. The PA of an idle TRX may be in state ON or state OFF depending on
the circumstances, as explained in what follows.
4.28.2 PRINCIPLE
This feature permits to reduce BTS power consumption by automatically switching the PA off
when no circuit communication is on-going.
On BTS 18000 family, the PA can be switched OFF or ON thanks to an electronic
switch. This switch can be set to ON or OFF by software, thanks to a dedicated new
TX firmware function.
On S8000 and S12000 BTS, the PA RF part can be switched OFF or ON thanks to a
firmware command.
PA switching off can be managed in two different ways, depending on RM hardware:
Regular smart power management feature: the PA is switched off when no circuit
communication is on-going on the TRX for a configurable time. PA is automatically
switched on as a circuit communication establishment begins
Enhanced smart power management feature: the PA is switched off per timeslot
when there is nothing to be emitted for the timeslot.
Enhanced smart power management is only available for BTS 18000 families on RM
equipped with PA Andrew. It is not available on RM equipped neither with PA
Powerwave nor on BTS S8000 or S12000.
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When the TRX receives the current cell parameter message activating smart power
management, it activates either regular or enhanced feature depending on type of
activation requested by the operator.
If enhanced feature is requested on a non compatible PA hardware, regular feature is
activated by the TRX in place. When enhanced feature is activated, the timing before
PA switching OFF parameter is ignored by the TRX.
On BTS 18000 family, if the RM is equipped with PA Andrew, both regular and
enhanced features are supported.
On BTS S8000 and S12000, only regular smart power management is supported.
Note:
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FEATURE ACTIVATED
CASE OF TRX CONFIGURED WITH SPECIFIC TDMA
The TRX that are mapped to specific TDMA configurations are not allowed to turn off their PA.
The feature, even if it is activated, does not apply to them. These TDMA configurations are the
following:
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More precisely :
when the BTS receives a channel activation message from the BSC :
o
If the PA had been switched off, it is switched back on. PA hardware state is
set to OK (or KO).
If the PA is still on but the TRX is idle, meaning that the smart Power SwitchOff timer is running, then this timer is immediately stopped.
when the BTS receives a channel release message from the BSC : if there are no
more ongoing circuit-switched calls on the TRX (TRX has become idle), the
countdown of the smart Power Switch-Off timer is started.
The fact that the PA is switched off has no impact on the TRX operational state : the TRX
remains in the in service state.
The PA switching off has no impact on the TRX receive chain.
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TCH timeslot may be switched off during DTX period while a communication is on-going.
At reception of current cell parameter message activating the feature, the RM (with PA
Andrew) applicative software activates the enhanced feature in the firmware. The PA
switching off and switching on are then managed by the firmware this way:
The firmware knows two timeslots in advance if there is some signal to emit or not.
If nothing has to be emitted (for at least two consecutive TS), the firmware switches the PA off
at the beginning of the first idle timeslot. Once PA is switched off, when there is some signal
to emit again, the firmware switches the PA on one timeslot in advance, so that the PA is
switched on at the beginning of the timeslot to emit.
As a consequence, if there are N consecutive idle timeslots, the PA will be effectively switched
off during N-1 timeslots. PA can only be switched off if there are at least 2 consecutive idle
timeslots. It is called timeslot switching off.
As PA switching off and on is managed per Timeslot when there is some signal to emit or not,
the enhanced feature can be activated on all the TDMA, whatever the type of channels
configured on the TDMA. BCCH and combined BCCH TDMA will never be switched off
because its Timeslots are never idle; TRX supporting combined BCCH, SDCCH/8 used for
CBCH or PDTCH channel will switch its PA off when there are idle timeslots.
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Class 3
object : powercontrol
Class 3
Object : powercontrol
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONFIGURATION OF LOGICAL CHANNELS ON TDMA
At radio TS configuration, if BCCH, combined BCCH (and SDCCH/4 or not), SDCCH/8 used
for CBCH channel, or PDTCH channel is configured on the TRX, the regular feature cannot be
activated on the TRX. Enhanced feature can be activated on any type of TDMA.
, As TDMAs that carry BCCH, SDCCH or pDTCH are never switched off when using regular
feature it is recommended to collect these channels as far as possible on the same TDMA
rather than spread them onto several TDMAs or not to configure more pDTCH than are strictly
necessary.
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the more reactive the power management will be to the minute-by-minute changes to
the call profile as the day progresses towards quieter moments
but the more frequently the PA is likely to go through off/on cycles, especially at the
transition from busy hour to quieter hours, thus possibly impacting its life expectancy.
Furthermore, the more TRX per cell, the more TRX are eligible for switch-off, and therefore the
more the feature is expected to make a difference to the power consumption.
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4.29.2 ACTIVATION
New parameters which manage the feature activation are:
EATrafficLoadStart
EATrafficLoadEnd
VEASDCCHOverflowAllowed
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Traffic
Max HR
capacity
Number of
allocated TCH
EA
EA
Max FR
HRCellLoadStart
capacity
Max FR capacity
EA
EA
HRCellLoadEnd
EA
EA
EATrafficLoadStart
VEA
EA
EATrafficLoadEnd
VEA
VEA
Time
24 hours
24 hours
Traffic load
(v17 behavior) (*)
No SDCCH blocking
VEA
VEA,
SDCCH blocking
SDCCH
overflow
allowed
if
EA
EA
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SDCCH BLOCKING
The SDCCH blocking cases are temporary and transitional.
To manage the SDCCH blocking, SDCCH overflow (i.e. allocating a TCH for signaling
call) is allowed:
TRAFFIC LOAD
The Filtered TCH ratio used for AboT explained in is reused to evaluate traffic load
and compared to two thresholds:
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If parameters are inconsistent, then EVEA disturbs ABoT & AMR maximization
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5.
ALGORITHM PARAMETERS
5.1.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter lists parameters, sorted according to their group, as they were defined in the
previous Chapter.
The following information is provided for each parameter:
a brief description
value range and unit
the recommended value: takes the best benefit of the feature in a standard
network configuration and environment.
process in which it is used (see Chapter 2)
some engineering rules that must be considered for the parameter setting
the object that contains this parameter
the default value. Most of the time, the default value inhibits the feature
characterized by this parameter
corresponding GSM name
GSM Recommendation
parameter type and OMC-R class (see note below)
Note: The recommended value is established from Nortel experience and studies. This value
has to be adapted according to the network specificities. For the recommended value in GSM
900, it is the same value for eGSM and GSM-R when nothing else is recommended for these
two networks. This value is not contractual, and it could change with Nortel new studies results
and experience growth.
The following types of parameters can be distinguished:
Manufacturer parameters:
System: modifying such a parameter seriously impacts system
behaviour
Product: parameters related to the current system release
DP: stands for permanent data
Rules
Implies reconstruction of the BDA
Put BSC out of service (i.e. BSC state set to locked), takes new parameters into account by
resetting active chain and passive chains
Declares the object (or its parent) temporarily out-of-service before modification
Modification is dynamically taken into account
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5.2.
Class3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 14, by steps of 2] dB
Object:
bts
Default value:
6 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
GSM case:
A high value prevents the MS from making frequent location updates
and may also prevent an MS from performing adequate location
updates, thus risking not receiving calls. The level variation of the
signal is more important in an urban context, so a higher value of
hysteresis should be set. To avoid frequent location updates, there is
also a timer forbidding the reselection of the previous server cell. For
a reselection with change of location area, the value is 15 seconds.
GPRS case:
In order to minimize the impact of the introduction of the GPRS in an
existing GSM network, it is recommended not to modify the current
value of CellReselectHysteresis used for voice. A high value would
keep the link for a long time hence some communications would have
a high BLER due to an important load of the cell. The throughput
would then decrease because of the retransmission at RLC/MAC
layer.
On the other hand a low value would ease the cell reselection pingpong in data mode which could severely decrease the overall user
throughput due to the gap of transmission during the reselection.
In case of cell overlap (i.e. urban environment, site covered in several
frequency bands), 10dB should be considered in order to minimize
ping-pong reselections.
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cellReselectOffset
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 126, by steps of 2] dB
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Between 4 and 10
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
cellReselInd
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[true / false]
Object:
bts
Default value:
true
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
True
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
msTxPwrMaxCCH
Class 3
V8
V8
V7
Description:
Value range:
[5 to 43, by steps of 2] dBm (GSM 900, GSM-R, GSM850, GSM850GSM1900 and GSM 900& 850MHz - GSM 1800 networks)
[0 to 36, by steps of 2] dBm (GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 - GSM 900 &
850MHz networks)
[0 to 33] dBm (GSM 1900 network and 1900-850 network)
[0 to 33] dBm (E-GSM network)
Object:
bts
Default value:
Typical value of 33 dBm for GSM 900 & 850MHz handhelds, 30 dBm
for GSM 1800 and 1900
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
33 dBm for GSM 900 & 850MHz, 30 dBm for GSM 1800 and 1900
Used in:
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Remark:
penaltyTime
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
20
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
20
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The longer this timer is, the longer a penalty is applied for reselecting
that cell. The value should be correlated with the expected mobiles
speeds, which are to be managed by that cell.
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rxLevAccessMin
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
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temporaryOffset
Class 3
V8
Description:
Negative offset applied during Penalty Time for reselecting a cell (C2
criterion)
This negative offset is applied during the entire penaltyTime duration
and allows to prevent speeding mobiles from selecting the cell. Refer
to the cellReselectOffset entry in the Dictionary.
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
70
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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5.3.
Object:
bts
Default value:
FDD
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
Class 3
V17
Class 3
V14
Class 3
V14
Eng. Rules:
gsmToUmtsReselection
Description:
Object:
bts
Type:
DP
3GAccessMinLevel
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
- 12 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
- 12 dB
Used in:
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
Eng. Rules:
Note:
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Index
Mobiles interpretation
before October 2003
Mobiles interpretation
after October 2003
- 20 dB
- 20 dB
- 19 dB
- 6 dB
- 18 dB
- 18 dB
- 17 dB
- 8 dB
- 16 dB
- 16 dB
- 15 dB
- 10 dB
- 14 dB
- 14 dB
- 13 dB
- 12 dB
3GReselectionARFCN
Class 3 V14
Description:
Neighbouring UMTS cell ARFCN. The BSS does not perform any
check on UARFCN value so new UMTS frequency band introduction
applies to any BSC architecture.
(GSM spec 45.008 name for this parameter is FDD_ARFCN)
Value range:
0 to 16383
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
Eng. Rules:
3GReselectionOffset
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[-dB, -28 dB, -24 dB, -20 dB, -16 dB, -12 dB, -8 dB, -4 dB, 0 dB, 4
dB, 8 dB, 12 dB, 16 dB, 20 dB, 24 dB,28 dB]
Object:
bts
Default value:
-dB
Type:
DP
Checks:
Rec. value:
Used in:
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
Eng. Rules:
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3GSearchLevel
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0: < -98 dBm, 1: < -94 dBm, 2: < -90 dBm, 3: < -86 dBm, 4: < 82 dBm, 5: < -78 dBm, 6: < -74 dBm, 7: Always, 8: > -78 dBm,
9: > -74 dBm, 10: > -70 dBm,11: > -66 dBm, 12: > -62 dBm, 13:
> -58 dBm, 14: > -54 dBm, 15: Never]
Object:
bts
Default value:
-98 dBm
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
2G - 3G Cell Reselection
Eng. Rules:
this parameter set whether UE should search for UMTS cells or not. It
can allow UE to search above a certain level, below a certain level, or
always. Note that in this last case the UE battery autonomy can be
impacted.
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5.4.
powerControlIndicator
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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5.5.
fDDMultiratReporting
Description:
Value range:
Class 3
V17
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
fDDreportingThreshold
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
-115 dBm, -109 dBm, -103 dBm, -97 dBm, -91 dBm, -85 dBm, -79
dBm, never
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
never
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
-97 dBm
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
0 (always reported)
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
28
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
qsearchC
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
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handoverControl
Default value:
15 (never)
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
7 (always)
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Cases where a different value from always could be useful have not
been identified. Therefore value always is recommended.
reportTypeMeasurement
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
0 : Measurement report
V17
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V17
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
servingBandReportingOffset
Description:
Class 3
V17
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
empty
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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5.6.
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
not allowed
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
radioLinkTimeout
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
20 SACCH
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
20
32 when AMR is activated
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Eng. Rules:
Remark:
The rlf1 attribute serves the same goal on the uplink, but the system
does not check that the values of the two attributes are consistent.
rlf1
Description:
Class 2
V8
Value to compute the initial and maximum value of the (CT) counter
used in the BTS radio link control algorithm
The FP runs the following algorithm to monitor the uplink SACCHs
(MStoBTS direction):
The CT counter is reset to zero when the FP receives a CHANNEL
ACTIVATION message.
On each occurence of an uplink SACCH, the following occurs:
if the channel is decoded and CT = 0, then CT = 4 * rlf1 + 4
if the channel is decoded and CT 0, then CT = min (4 * rlf1 + 4,
CT+rlf2)
if the channel is not decoded, then CT = max (0, CT - rlf3)
When the CT counter goes down to zero, the radio link is broken and
the BTS sends a CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION message to
the BSC.
Value range:
[0 to 15]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Notes:
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rlf2
Class 2
V8
Description:
Step value by which the (CT) counter is increased by the radio link
control algorithm when an uplink SACCH is decoded.
Refer to the rlf1 entry.
Value range:
[1 to 4] SACCH frames
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The value should be higher than rlf3 value, in order to encourage the
continuity of service. The higher the value, the longer an MS will keep
a bad quality communication in a disturbed zone. The choice of this
value must be made by the operator, in keeping with its service quality
level.
rlf3
Class 2
V8
Description:
Step value by which the (CT) counter is decreased by the radio link
control algorithm when an uplink SACCH is not decoded
Refer to the rlf1 entry.
Value range:
[1 to 4] SACCH frames
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
It is recommended to fix this value to 1. This allows the use of the rlf1
value to set the maximal duration of consecutive non-reception of
SACCH frame.
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5.7.
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[100 to 200] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
110
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
110
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The higher the value is, the higher the missing measurement will be
weighted.
rxQualHreqave
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
4 in urban environment,
> 8 in rural environment
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
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rxQualHreqt
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 16]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
rxQualWtsList
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
100
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
100
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
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5.8.
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
90
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
90
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
rxLevHreqave
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
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rxLevHreqaveBeg
Class3
V11
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 10]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
with
hoMarginBeg
and
rxLevHreqt
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 16]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
V7
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
The weighted average is not used for the PBGT. The weighed
average window size (rxLevHreqAve * rxLevHreqt) has to be
correlated to the hoMargin value to keep a low ping-pong probability.
The larger the window size, the lower the hoMargin should be.
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rxLevWtsList
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
100
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
100
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
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5.9.
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 31]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
5 in rural,
2 in urban environment
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Handovers screening
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Remark:
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rxNCellHreqave
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Early HandOver Decision
Automatic handover adaptation
Eng. Rules:
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
Class 3
V11
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 10]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
hoMarginBeg
and
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 16]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
distWtsList
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
40 30 20 10
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
40 30 20 10
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
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missDistWt
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[100 to 200] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
110
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
The higher the value is, the higher the missing measurement will be
weighted.
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Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[0 / 1]
0:The timer is disabled.
1:The timer is used.
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ..., -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
adjacentCellHandover
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
= rxLevMinCell -1
Used in:
Forced Handover
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
disabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
hoMargin
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Handovers
Power budget formula
Handover for traffic reasons
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed
retry)
Automatic handover adaptation
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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hoMarginBeg
Description:
Class 3
V11
Value range:
[0 to 63] dB
Object:
bts
Default value:
4 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
4 dB
2 dB with Automatic Handover Adaptation
Used in:
Handovers
Early HandOver Decision
Automatic handover adaptation
Direct TCH Allocation
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
hoMarginDist
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
- 24 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
- 2 dB
V8
Eng. Rules:
L CAUTION!
Nortel confidential
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hoMarginRxLev
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[- 63 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
V8
Default value:
- 24 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Handovers
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed
retry)
Eng. Rules:
hoMarginRxQual
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
- 24 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
in [- 2; 0] without SFH,
V8
Handovers
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed
retry)
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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PBGT hoMargin in target cell should be set in order to avoid a pingpong handover. This parameter, defined per neighbor, is used to
select and sort neighbors. For a dual Band Network where one
frequency band is privileged, it is advised to increase this value in
neighbouring objects with a frequency belonging to the low priority
frequency band. Thus, these neighbours will be underprivileged.
hoMarginTrafficOffset
Class 3
V12
Description:
Minimum signal strength margin with the serving cell that allows to
select the best neighbor cell when a handover is triggered for overload
reasons
Value range:
[0 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
0 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Handovers
Handover for traffic reasons
Eng. Rules:
Since the HO for traffic reasons uses the PBGT HO procedure, the
parameter powerBudgetInterCell shall be enabled.
It is advised to combine the HO for traffic reason with the feature HO
decision according to priority and Load.
This parameter shall be set at a value which guarantees that cell
overlapping exists with (hoMargin -hoMarginTrafficOffset).
See Paragraph 2.5k9 for more details.
When set to 0, handovers for traffic reasons are not allowed in the
adjacent cell (the PBGT HO is done before because it has a higher
priority than the HO for traffic).
LCAUTION
hoPingpongCombination
Description:
Class3
V12
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
(all, PBGT)
Used in:
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This parameter shall be known by the new BSC (whatever the type of
HO is intra or inter BSC) ; so, it must be defined at the entering cell
(relatively to the first HO of the combination) level, for the
neighbouring cell (adjacentCellHandover object) corresponding to the
left cell (still relatively to the first HO of the combination).
Example: if you perform a handover from cell A to cell B for quality
reason and you want to protect against pingpong HO for PBGT
reason (from B to A), you have to declare (rxQual, PBGT) as one of
the forbidden handover combinations at cell B level (for the
neighbouring cell A).
Note:
LCAUTION!
hoPingpongTimeRejection
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 60] s
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
30 s
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
between 8 and 30 s
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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hoSecondBestCellConfiguration
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 3]
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
hoTraffic
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[disabled / enabled]
Object:
bts
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
enabled will be effective only if it is also enabled for the bsc object.
In order to activate the feature handover decision according to
adjacent cell priority and load (TF716), either hoTraffic shall be
enabled or btsMSAccessClassBarringFunction shall be enabled
(with also bscMSAccessClassBarringFunction).
See parameter hoMarginTrafficOffset
hoTraffic
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[disabled / enabled]
Object:
bsc
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
V12
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Used in:
Eng. Rules:
incomingHandOver
Description:
Value range:
[disabled / enabled]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
enabled
Class 3
V7
Class 3
V7
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
msTxPwrMax
Description:
Value range:
[5 to 43, by steps of 2] dBm (GSM 900, GSM850, GSM-R, GSM850GSM1900 and GSM 900 - GSM 1800 networks)
[0 to 36, by steps of 2] dBm (GSM 1800, and GSM 1800 - GSM 900
networks)
[0 to 33] dBm (GSM 1900 network)
[0 to 33] dBm (E-GSM network and 1900-850 network)
[0 to 33] dBm (GSM850 network)
Object:
bts
Default value:
Typical value of 33 dBm for GSM 900 handhelds and 30 dBm for
GSM 1800 and 1900 handhelds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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msTxPwrMaxCell
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Typical value of 33 dBm for GSM 900/850 handhelds and 30 dBm for
GSM 1800 and 1900 handhelds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
General formulas
Handovers screening
Directed Retry Handover: BTS (or distant) mode
Forced Handover
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed
retry)
One shot power control
Power control on mobile side
If this value is higher than the actual MS classmark, then MS will apply
its own capability.
Remark:
Nortel confidential
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offsetLoad
Class 3
Description:
Load offset applied by the bsc in the cell selection process of the
Handover algorithm.
Value range:
[0 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
0 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
3 dB
V12
offsetPriority
Class 3
V12
Description:
Priority offset applied by the bsc to the cell selection process in the
Handover algorithm
Value range:
[1 to 5]
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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powerBudgetInterCell
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Handovers screening
Power budget formula
Handover for traffic reasons
Eng. Rules:
runHandOver
Class 3
V7
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Handovers
Microcellular Algo type A
Protection against RunHandover=1
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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rxLevMinCell
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
- 95 to -94 dBm (GSM 900 & 850), - 93 to - 92 (GSM 1800 & 1900)
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
General formulas
Handovers screening
Define eligible neighbor cells for intercell handover (except directed
retry)
Eng. Rules:
u 50 km/h - t 80 km/h
u 80 km/h
margin with FH
2 dB
2 dB
2 dB
margin without FH
5 dB
4 dB - 2 dB
2 dB
And that other table below shows the different margins that could be
taken into account in a slow mobile area depending of the C/I.
C/I = 35
C/I = 20
C/I = 15
margin with FH
2 dB
3 dB
4 dB
margin without FH
5 dB
6 dB
10 dB
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Whether the neighbor cell and the associated serving cell are
synchronous, that is attached to the same BTS
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Pre-synchronized HO
Handover Algorithms on the Mobile Side
Eng. Rules:
timeBetweenHOConfiguration
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
used
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
used
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
handoverNotAllowed
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
cellTieringHandover
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
intraCellSDCCH
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
disabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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rxLevDLIH
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109,..., -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
rxLevULIH
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm.
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Nortel confidential
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rxQualDLIH
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
1.6 to 3.2 %
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
rxQualDLIH lRxQualDLH
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
rxQualULIH
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
1.6 to 3.2 %
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
rxQualULIH lRxQualULH
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
V7
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
lRxLevULH
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
-101 to -100 dBm (GSM 900) / -99 to -98 dBm (GSM 1800/1900)
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
V7
Eng. Rules:
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lRxQualDLH
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
1.6 to 3.2 %
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
lRxQualULH
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
1.6 to 3.2 %
Type:
DP, Optimization
Nortel confidential
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Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
rxLevDLPBGT
Class 3
V11
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109,..., -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Handovers screening
Maximum RxLev for Power Budget
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
normalType
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
normalType
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
cellType
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
normalType
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
normalType
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
The adjacent cell umbrella Ref attribute is defined at the OMC-R if the
cell is a microcell (cellType) and directed retry handovers are
processed in BSC mode (directed-RetryModeUsed).
Nortel confidential
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microCellCaptureTimer
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 249]
250
251
252
253
254
255
N = [0 to 249]
N = 512
N = 1024
N = 2048
N = 4096
N = 8192
N = 16384
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
microCellStability
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 255] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
10 dB
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
63 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Product
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
extended cell
Description:
Class 2
V9
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
false
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Extended cells will be used to reach mobiles that are far from the BTS
(in the case of sea shores and pleasure boats, for example).
In an extended cell, two consecutive time slots are reserved for each
channel. The capacity is then decreased.
LCAUTION!
Up to V10, an extended cell cannot be concentric. Whatever the MSBTS distance is, two consecutive time slots are reserved on Air
interface.
See also chapter SDCCH Dimensioning an TDMA Models.
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
= callClearing - 1 km
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
LCAUTION!
msBtsDistanceInterCell
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Handovers screening
Handover condition for leaving a cell on distance
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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preSynchroTimingAdvance
Class 3
V10
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 35] (km)
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Pre-synchronized HO
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
rndAccTimAdvThreshold
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
16
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
16
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
It is not necessary to run Cc too often, since those calls are going to
be ended anyway. Nevertheless, traffic out of a cells range interferes
on other cells or timeslots.
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Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
[preProcessedMeasurementReporting (BTS) /
basicMeasurementReporting (BSC)]
Object:
bts
Default value:
preProcessedMeasurementReporting
Type:
DP, Product
Rec. value:
preProcessedMeasurementReporting
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Eng. Rules:
bsPowerControl
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Not useful for mono-TRX cells, because BTS power control on BCCH
frequency is not allowed.
LCAUTION!
bsTxPwrMax
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 47] dBm
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
43 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
General formulas
Cabinet Output Power Setting
Nortel confidential
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Remark:
lRxLevDLP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
lRxLevULP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
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LCAUTION!
lRxQualDLP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
0.4 to 0.8
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
lRxQualULP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
0.4 to 0.8
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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msTxPwrMax2ndBand
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Typical value of 33 dBm for GSM 900 & 850 handhelds, 30 dBm for
GSM 1800 and 1900
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
one shot
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Enhanced one shot is not supported with DCU2 boards or with a mix
of DCU2/DCU4 boards
Nortel confidential
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powerIncrStepSizeDL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[2, 30] dB
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
4 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
4 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Not used in one shot power control nor in AMR power control.
powerIncrStepSizeUL
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[2, 30] dB
V14
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
4 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
4 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Not used in one shot power control nor in AMR power control.
powerRedStepSizeDL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[2, 8] dB
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
2 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
2 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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LCAUTION!
powerRedStepSizeUL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[2, 30] dB
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
2 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
2 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
runPwrControl
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The lowest is the parameter value, the best will be the reactivity;
nevertheless, it is better to wait for the effect of MS power decrease
on the uplink quality.
uplinkPowerControl
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Upper strength threshold for BTS txpwr decrease for step by step
algorithm (it is greater than IRxLevDLP)
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
uRxLevULP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
uRxQualDLP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Upper quality threshold to reduce BTS txpwr for step by step algorithm
(it is lower than or equal to lRxQualDLP).
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
0.2 to 0.4
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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uRxQualULP
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[less than 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, 0.4 to 0.8, ... , 6.4 to 12.8, more than 12.8] %
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
0.2 to 0.4
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
Description:
List of access classes that are not authorized in a cell during TCH
congestion phase (class 10 not included)
Value range:
[0 to 9] User classes
[11 to 15] Operator classes
V9
Object:
bts
Default value:
[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
allocPriorityTable
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
000000000000000000
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
02222222222223042
0 8 9 10 11 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 4 2 for WPS use
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The default set means that all TCH allocation requests have the same
priority, which is equal to 0.
When queuing is activated, set the following parameters in order not
to disadvantage the interCell handover procedures:
LCAUTION!
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allocPriorityThreshold
Description:
Class 3
V7
1 Nb of free TCH
allocPriorityThreshold
TCH request
of priority 0
queuing if defined or
rejected
TCH allocated
TCH allocated
TCH request
of priority > 0
queuing if defined or
rejected
queuing if defined or
rejected
TCH allocated
TCH request
of priority 0
queuing if defined or
rejected
1 Nb of free TCH
allocPriorityThreshold
if preemption is
authorized and PCU
ACK, allocation of a
shared PDTCH
if preemption is
authorized and PCU
ACK, allocation of a
shared PDTCH
if preemption is not
authorized or PCU
NACK, queuing if
defined or rejected
if preemption is not
authorized or PCU
NACK, queuing if
defined or rejected
TCH allocated if TCH
free > 0
TCH request
of priority > 0
queuing if defined or
rejected
queuing if defined or
rejected
if preemption is
authorized and PCU
ACK, allocation of a
shared PDTCH
if preemption is not
authorized or PCU
NACK, queuing if
defined or rejected
Value range:
[0 to 2147483646]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type
DP, Design
Rec. value:
n, with n TRX
Used in:
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When TCH channels are reserved and the internal priority for
assignRequest is 0, the capacity for incoming calls decreases:
Example:
1 TRX, 7 TCH, 2 % blocking rate, allocPriorityThreshold = 0,
capacity for incoming calls = 2,88 Erlang
1 TRX, 7 TCH, 2 % blocking rate, allocPriorityThreshold = 1,
capacity for incoming calls = 2,23 Erlang
Queuing spreads out the TCH allocation request. As incoming
handover requests are not queued, such requests are disadvantaged.
A solution is to reserve 1 TCH channel (for 1 or 2 TRXs) or 2 TCH
channels (for at least 2 TRX) for calls of internal priority 0, and set the
priority 0 for incoming handovers only.
Note that when TCH channels are reserved for handovers, the
capacity for incoming calls decreases.
allocPriorityTimers
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 28 28 28 28
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
5 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 28 28 28 28 28
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
A high value of timer is not realistic, since a subscriber will not wait
unless the last TCH is available quickly. The last five parameters in
the table (those set to 28) define the waiting time of WPS calls
queued.
See also chapter Directed Retry Handover Benefit
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allocWaitThreshold
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
0000000055555
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The maximum size in each queue must be lower than the number of
SDCCH channels in the cell.
For an incoming call, when the assignRequest is queued, it remains
on the SDCCH subchannel.
The last five parameters in the table are determining the maximum
number of WPS calls of the same priority that can be queued.
allOtherCasesPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
16
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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answerPagingPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. valueb
16
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
assignRequestPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
17
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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bscMSAccessClassBarringFunction
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
bsc
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion
numberOfTCHQueuedToEndCongestion
bscQueuingOption
Description:
Class 1
V7
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
forced
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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btsMSAccessClassBarringFunction
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
callReestablishmentPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Objectb
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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cellBarQualify
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
False
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
False
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
cellBarred
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
not barred
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
not barred
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
channelType
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
channel
Default value:
None
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
None.
V7
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emergencyCallPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
interCellHOExtPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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interCellHOIntPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
intraCellHOIntPriority
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
14
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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directedRetryPrio
V12
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
17
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
intraCellQueuing
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
None.
minNbOfTDMA
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 16]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
None.
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Class 3
V7
Description:
List of mobile access classes that are forbidden in the cell, except
case of congestion.
This attribute, together with the emergencyCallRestricted attribute,
allows to control access to a cell according to the service classes
authorized.
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP,Operation
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[0 to infinite]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion
Class 3
V9
Description:
Threshold that gives the number of free TCHs, which triggers the end
of TCH congestion phase and the end of the traffic overload condition.
Value range:
[0 to infinite]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
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Used in:
Eng. Rules:
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion >
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
Note, this inequality is not checked at the OMC.
numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[0 to infinite]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
numberOfTCHQueuedToEndCongestion
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[0 to infinite]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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otherServicesPriority
Description:
Class 3
V7
[0 to 17]
Object:
bts
Default value:
17
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
16
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
priority
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 255]
Object:
transceiver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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preemptionAuthor
Description:
Class 3
V15
Value range:
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
forbidden
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
eMLPP Preemption
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 31]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
BSC mode is especially used in a two layer network. For micro cells,
directed retry needs to be triggered towards the macro cell. However,
if the recovering of each micro cell is good enough,
adjacentUmbrellaRef can identify a micro cell.
To facilitate the procedure, the BCCH frequency of the target neighbor
cell must be in the reselection list.
See also chapter Directed Retry Handover Benefit.
directedRetry
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
= rxLevMinCell + 3 to 25 dB
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[bsc / bts]
Object:
bts
Default value:
bts
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
bts
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The micro cell should be entirely covered by the macro cell in order to
use efficiently the bsc mode.
The use of the bts mode is recommended in a hot spot when there are
several micro cells under the umbrella. The bts mode allows the use
of micro cells to rescue the umbrella cell and also avoids a saturation
of the umbrella cell.
See also chapter Directed Retry Handover Benefit.
interBscDirectedRetry
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
allowed
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
interBscDirectedRetryFromCell
Class 3
V9
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
allowed
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
allowed
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
intraBscDirectedRetryFromCell
Class 3
V9
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
allowed
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
modeModifyMandatory
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
not used
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
not used
Used in:
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In the early days of GSM, this parameter was useful for mobiles
belonging to specific brands, that used not to be able to switch directly
from signaling (SDCCH) to speech (TCH) when executing a Directed
retry procedure. For that reason, this parameter used to be set to
"used" so that a Channel Mode Modify procedure could be done,
forcing an explicit change of channel upon the mobile. However,
today, as these mobile bugs have now presumably been corrected,
with few or no faulty mobiles remaining in the field today, the
systematic invokation of the CMM procedure is no longer required.
Setting to "used" may, in addition, have detrimental side-effects for
some kinds of inter-cell handovers (problem noted on instances of
intercell 3G-2G Handovers) which will systematically invoke a
Channel Mode Modify. Therefore it is recommended to set this
parameter systematically to value not used.
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Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
General formulas
Direct TCH allocation
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell Handover
Eng. Rules:
Note:
LCAUTION!
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biZonePowerOffset
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
General formulas
Direct TCH allocation
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell Handover
Eng. Rules:
monozone cell:
biZonePowerOffset = 63
concentric cell:
biZonePowerOffset = zone Tx powermax reduction
dualcoupling cell:
biZonePowerOffset = zone Tx powermax reduction = coupling losses
difference between inner and outer zone
LCAUTION!
Note:
LCAUTION!
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concentAlgoExtMsRange
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
34
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
concentAlgoExtMsRange = concentAlgoIntMsRange - 1 km
concentAlgoExtMsRange < concentAlgointMsRange
concentAlgoExtMsRange < msRangeMax
concentAlgoIntMsRange
Class 3
V9
Description:
MS to BTS distance from which a handover from the small zone to the
large zone will be requested
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
34
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
34
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
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concentAlgoExtRxLev
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
- 95 to - 94
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
concentAlgoExtRxLevUL
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
- 95 to - 94
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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concentAlgoIntRxLev
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
concentAlgoIntRxLevUL
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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directAllocIntFrRxLevUL
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
-84 to -83
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
directAllocIntFrRxLevDL
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
-79 to -78
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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concentric cell
Class 2
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
monozone
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
concentric cell:
It is possible to allocate directly a TCH in the innerzone for call set-up
or HO and to reuse the same frequency in both zones, and hopping
concerns the total available number of frequencies.
A cell configuration with HePA only on outer zone is concentric cell,
not a dualcoupling cell.
dualband cell:
The dualband combining into one cell allows to save up to one
SDCCH in particular configurations, the combining of GSM 900 / GSM
1800 (or GSM 850 / GSM 1900) resources into one pool allows to
increase the traffic capacity.
LCAUTION!
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 17]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
17
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
14
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 2
V9
Class of a TRX/DRX.
The class of a TRX/DRX sets, among others, its maximum
transmission power. The attribute possible values have the following
meaning:
Value range:
[0 (reserved) / 1 / 2]
Object:
transceiverEquipment
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
monozone: 1
concentric cell: outer=1, inner=1
dualband cell: outer=1, inner=2
dualbcoupling cell: outer=1, inner=2
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
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V9
Description:
Class of the TRX/DRXs partnered with the TDMA frames of the zone.
The class of a TRX/DRX sets, among others, its maximum
transmission power. Refer to the previous parameter.
Value range:
[1 / 2]
Object:
transceiverZone
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
monozone: 1
concentric cell: outer=1, inner=1
dualband cell: outer=1, inner=2
dualbcoupling cell: outer=1, inner=2
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
transceiverZone
Class 2
V12
Description:
Value range:
Object:
transceiverZone
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
transceiverZone
Default value:
0 dB
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
V9
Eng. Rules:
concentric cell:
zone Tx Power Max Reduction(outer) = 0
zone Tx Power Max Reduction(inner) zone Tx Power Max
Reduction(outer)
(zone Tx Power Max Reduction(inner) = 0 is recommanded)
dualcoupling cell:
zone Tx Power Max Reduction(outer)=0
zone Tx Power Max Reduction(inner)=3 simulates the D/H2D
configuration
zone Tx Power Max Reduction(inner)=4 simulates the H2D/H4D
configuration
LCAUTION!
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Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
20
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
20
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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radChanSelIntThreshold
Description:
Class 3
V8
Four resource pools are defined for each SDCCH or TCH type of
channel:
Value range:
[0 to 4]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
3
1 (for 1X1 & 1X3)
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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thresholdInterference
Description:
Class 2
V7
Value range:
[-128 to 0] dBm
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 18] hours
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
radResSupervision
Class 3
V8
Description:
Indicates whether radio resources are controlled at the cell level (both
busy resources and free resources)
When no control is performed, no alarm related to the use or nonuse
of an SDCCH or TCH is generated. Refer to the
radResSupBusyTimer and radResSupFreeTimer parameters.
Value range:
[true / false]
Object:
bts
Default value:
True
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
True
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
radResSupFreeTimer
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 18] hours
Object:
bsc
Default value:
18
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 300] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapT12
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 300] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapT13
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 300] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
32
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
32
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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bssMapT19
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 300] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
32
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
32
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapT20
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 300] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
32
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
32
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapT4
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[5 to 600] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
60
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
60
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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bssMapT7
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 120] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapT8
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 255] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
15
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
bssMapTchoke
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 255] seconds
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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bssSccpConnEst
Class 1
V7
Description:
Value rang:
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
t3101
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 255] seconds
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Most of the time, the timer expires in the case of double allocation (i.e,
when two RACHs are sent by the same mobile to the network). The
higher the timer is the longer unnecessary signaling resources are
reserved. Up to 30% of signaling resources are allocated for a second
RACH for phase 1 MS according to numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans (32).
To optimize signaling resources (especially in case of Queuing), it
could be useful to decrease the timer value. The minimum time
between the two messages is 600 ms and the maximum for a lightly
loaded BSS is almost 1.8 seconds when MS is answering.
Nortel confidential
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t3103
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
5 seconds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
9 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
t3107
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[2 to 255] seconds
Object:
bts
Default value:
10 seconds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
12 seconds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
t3111
Class 3
V7
Description:
BSC timer triggered during the radio resource clearing procedure. Use
the suggested system value.
It is set on receipt of RELEASE INDICATION sent by the BTS. On
elapse, the BSC sends RF CHANNEL RELEASE.
Value range:
[1 to 255] seconds
Object:
bts
Default value:
2 seconds
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
2 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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t3122
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 255] seconds
Object:
bts
Default value:
10 seconds
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
10 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
timerPeriodicUpdateMS
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
60
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 2
V8
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 22]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
maxNumberRetransmission
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
two
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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nbOfRepeat
Class 2
V8
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 22]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
Description:
Class 3
V7
Number of radio time slots over which RACH transmission access are
spread in a random way to avoid collisions
The information is broadcast to the mobiles at regular intervals on the
cell BCCH. In the event of non-system response, the mobile will
renew the RACH bursts after a randomly defined period that varies
with numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans.
MS Phase 1
The time T between two transmissions of the same RACH burst is the
following:
T= [D + (N+1) x 4.615]ms
D is the maximum system response pending time:
D= 250 ms for BCCH not combined (i.e. 55 time slots)
D= 350 ms for BCCH combined (i.e. 77 time slots)
S on non-combined
BCCH
S on combined
BCCH
3, 8, 14, 50
55
41
4, 9, 16
76
52
5, 10, 20
109
58
6, 11, 25
163
86
7, 12, 32
217
115
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
32
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
32
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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pagingOnCell
Class 3
V9
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
bts
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
When pagingOnCell is set to disabled, the BSC does not send any
PAGING_COMMAND to the cell. This feature is used when operators
want to forbid mobile terminated call set-up in specific cells. It can be
useful during special events or in places like cinemas, theaters...
retransDuration
Class 2
V8
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 22]
Object:
bts
Default value:
10
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
10
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
[true / false]
Object:
bsc
Default value:
true
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
true for a BSC that manages at least one BTS using cavity
coupling
The value (true or false) is indifferent for a BSC that manages
only BTS with hybrid coupling
Used in:
Reconfiguration procedure
Eng. Rules:
btsHopReconfRestart
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[true / false]
Object:
bts
Default value:
true
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
V8
Reconfiguration procedure
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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btsIsHopping
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Hopping
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Hopping
Used in:
Frequency Hopping
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
LCAUTION!
Remark:
btsThresholdHopReconf
Class 2
V8
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 64]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Reconfiguration procedure
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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cellAllocation
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
This list must include all the frequencies used by TRX of the cell, even
the BCCH frequency and shall respect following rules:
With cavity couplers, two (2) consecutive frequencies must be
spaced of at least 600 kHz in order to avoid interference
With hybrid couplers, considering UL power control activated:
in case of intra cell and intrasite configuration Nortel recommends
400kHz frequency spacing between TRX with or without frequency
hopping.
in case of intersite configuration, 200kHz frequency spacing are
necessary between TRX with or without frequency hopping.
These frequency spacings (400kHz in intrasite and intracell, 200kHz
in intersite) guarantee a minimum of 12dB in C/I. This can provide
certain quality of service. With particular applications (e.g. EDGE), an
upper frequency spacing is needed (600kHz for EDGE).
It is recommended to declare only 1 hopping frequency list by band
(the use of the frequency band is optimal with all hopping
frequencies in the same list and it is much easier for OAM).
If at least one of the cell allocation ARFCN is in the range [975;
1023] & [0], the BCCH should be in that range also (this monoband
EGSM cell does not support monoband PGSM MS nor dualband
PGSM/DCS1800 MS), else BCCH should be a PGSM one.
Nortel confidential
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fhsRef
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 63]
Object:
channel
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
It is advised to use only one (1) fhsRef per cell (when the Mobile
Allocation is the same for all its TRX), because it is time saving for
creation at the OMC.
Nortel confidential
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hoppingSequenceNumber
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 63]
Object:
frequencyHoppingSystem
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
maio
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
channel
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The MAIO must be different for each TRX within a cell in order to
avoid frequency collision. If the Mobile Allocation contains adjacent
frequencies, the difference between two TRX MAIO within a cell must
be greater or equal than two (2).
However, for a 1X3 pattern, it is possible to use the same MAIO
sequence in all cells of a same site. Moreover, for such a pattern, if
each list of MA frequencies does not contain adjacent frequencies,
adjacent MAIO can be used.
For a 1X1 pattern, different MAIO for each TRX must be used and no
adjacent MAIO if there are adjacent frequencies in the MA list.
See also chapter General Rules For Synthesised Frequency Hopping
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mobileAllocation
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
frequencyHoppingSystem
Type:
DP, Optimization
Used in:
Rec. value:
Eng. Rules:
This list must include all the hopping frequencies used by a TRX. As
the first TRX of a cell does not hop, it is not related to a MA (TRX
channels frequency is BCCH).
The following TRXs may have a common MA containing all the
hopping frequencies (not including the BCCH frequency).
With cavity couplers, two (2) consecutive frequencies must be
spaced of at least 600 kHz in order to avoid interference, because
of material constraints.
With hybrid couplers, considering UL power control activated:
in case of intra cell and intrasite configuration Nortel recommends
400kHz frequency spacing between TRX with or without frequency
hopping.
in case of intersite configuration, 200 kHz frequency spacing are
necessary between TRX with or without frequency hopping.
These frequency spacings (400kHz in intrasite and intracell, 200kHz
in intersite) guarantee a minimum of 12dB in C/I. This can provide
certain quality of service. With particular applications (e.g. EDGE), an
upper frequency spacing is needed (600kHz for EDGE).
It is recommended to declare only 1 hopping frequency list by band
(the use of the frequency band is optimal with all hopping
frequencies in the same list and it is much easier for OAM).
Nortel confidential
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trafficPCMAllocationPriority
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 255]
Object:
transceiver
V9
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
zoneFrequencyHopping
Class 2
V9
Description:
Value range:
Object:
transceiverZone
Default value:
not hopping
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
zoneFrequencyThreshold
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 64]
Object:
transceiverZone
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
V9
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Mechanism defined
V8
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
estimatedSiteLoad
Class 3
V15
Description:
Value range:
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V10
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Not Allowed
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Allowed
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 3
V10
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Multiband reporting
Enhanced Measurement Reporting (EMR)
UTRAN cell reporting using legacy measurement reports (V17)
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For values indicating the one (1), two (2) or three (3) strongest cells
out band, the multiband MS respectively reports the one, two or three
strongest allowed cells outside the current frequency band. The
remaining space in the report (at least 5, 4 or 3 cells) is used to give
information about cells in the current frequency band. If there are still
some remaining positions, they are used to report cells outside the
current frequency band.
When the operator wants to privilege one of the frequency band, it is
advised to report two (2) cells outside the current frequency band, for
cells in the privileged frequency band. Then, neighbour cells in the
priority frequency band will be privileged.
Actually, if multibandReporting is set to 1, the risk is to report five (5)
priority frequency band neighbour cells with a bad quality or signal
strength (near priority frequency band boundaries for example) and
one (1) good neighbour cell in the low priority frequency band, but
under congestion. Thus the MS will not make a handover toward a
good neighbour cell and the quality of service may be impacted.
For cells outside the privileged frequency band, it is advised to report
three (3) cells outside the current frequency band. Thus, it ensures the
report of all (if less than 3) or at least three (3) neighours in the priority
frequency band.
In case no frequency band is preferred, the report of the the six
strongest cells allows to make a handover toward the best neighbour
cell, whatever the current cell is.
In case of 2G-3G handover being enabled, and EMR disabled (use of
normal measurement reporting), it is necessary to exercise caution
fDDMultiRatReporting
and
when
setting
the
parameters
multiBandReporting . These parameters define the number of UTRAN
cells and non-serving band GSM cells, respectively, that must be
included by the mobile in the list of strongest cells in the measurement
report. Therefore it leaves (6 - fDDMultiRatReporting multiBandReporting ) spaces for the serving band GSM cells.
Therefore, if EMR is disabled, it is recommended not to exceed
fDDMultiRatReporting = 2 and multiBandReporting = 2.
Class 3
V10
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandover
Default value:
gsm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
gsmdcs and dcsgsm are only available for S8000 DRX transceiver
architecture.
eGSM is only available for S8000 CBCF transceiver architecture.
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V10
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellReselection
Default value:
gsm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
gsmdcs and dcsgsm are only available for S8000 DRX transceiver
architecture.
eGSM is only available for S8000 CBCF transceiver architecture.
bCCHFrequency
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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bCCHFrequency
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellReselection
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
bCCHFrequency
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
If at least one of the cell allocation ARFCN is in the range [975; 1023]
& [0], the BCCH should be in that range also (this monoband EGSM
cell does not support monoband PGSM MS nor dualband
PGSM/DCS1800 MS), else BCCH should be a PGSM one.
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standardIndicator
Class 2
V10
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Checks:
GSM 900 network (gsm)
The GSM 900 frequency band is 2*25 MHz wide and includes 124
pairs of carrier frequencies, numbered [1 to 124], which are 200 kHz
apart:
Uplink direction (MStoBTS) = 890 to 915 MHz
f1 = 890 + 0.2xN MHz where N = [1 to 124]
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Used in:
Eng. Rules:
As P-GSM range is included in E-GSM one, the following table gives
for each current cell standard indicator, the type (main or other) of
neighbouring cells according to their standard indicator:
standard indicator Adjc (neighbouring cell)
standardIndicator
(current cell)
PGSM
E GSM
GSM 1800
GSM 900
main
other
other
E GSM
main
main
other
GSM 1800
other
other
main
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standardIndicator
(current cell)
SI2 / SI5
GSM 900
GSM
GSM if needed
E GSM + GSM
1800 (1)
E GSM
GSM + E
GSM
GSM + E GSM if
needed
GSM 1800
GSM 1800
GSM 1800
GSM 1800 if
needed
GSM + E GSM
Note (1): In that case, the number of frequencies in the frequency list
is limited due to their large range.
=> Thus, due to the range of frequencies in EGSM + GSM 1800
bands, and the fact that only 1 message (ter) can contain such
neighbours info (if StandardIndicator = GSM), it is strongly
recommended to set the standard indicator of PGSM cells containing
EGSM neighbours to extended gsm (2 messages to encode EGSM
neighbours).
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
bts
V7
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Downlink DTX
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Using this feature may create a more sensitivity to bad values (fading,
frequencies collision). Activation of DTXDownlink when DTX is
already used leads to a diminution in the precision of the
measurement on the cell, on quality and on level.
dtxMode
Class 3
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
msMayUseDtx
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
msShallUseDtx
Used in:
Uplink DTX
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
Nortel confidential
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5.29. MISCELLANEOUS
Data14_4OnNoHoppingTs
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[disabled / enabled]
Object:
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Value range:
[disabled / enabled]
Object:
transcoderBoard
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
Class 2
V12
Class 3
V12
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
9.6 kbit/s
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
data non transparent mode
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
9.6 kbit/s
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
V12
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
TBD
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
measurementProcAlgorithm
Class 2
V12
Description:
Value range:
[L1MV1, L1MV2]
L1MV1: the older L1M is used
L1MV2: the newer L1M is used
Object:
bts
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
L1MV2
Used in:
Measurement Processing
Direct TCH Allocation and Handover Algorithms
Eng. Rules:
Nortel confidential
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siteGsmFctList
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
site Mgt/abisSig
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 2
V10
Description:
Correlation ratio of the input signals received from the normal and
diversity antennas. This ratio enables to adapt the SPU software (the
interferer cancellation algorithm) to the propagation conditions.
Correlation ratio = 0 means that the interferer cancellation algorithm is
inactive.
Value range:
[0 to 100] %
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Design
Rec. value:
Used in:
Interference Cancellation
Eng. Rules:
Three values are necessary and sufficient to cover the clients needs
according to the sold options (it is quite unlikely that a more refined
fine-tuning will bring anything more):
- 0%: Maximum Ratio Combining (best pure thermal noise
sensitivity): no interference cancellation, minimum speed
correction.
- 50%: MRC when no interferers (same pure thermal noise
sensitivity as 0%): interference cancellation, medium speed
correction.
- 100%: Approximate MRC when no interferers: interference
cancellation, best speed correction.
See also chapter Interference Cancellation Usage.
diversity
Class 2
V7
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
enabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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V12
before V17 : Whether the BTS uses the Enhanced TRAU Frame
(ETF) for TCU
After V17 : This parameter is no longer useful in V17 as the feature
PCM Error Correction is no longer supported
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
n/a
Type:
DI, Optimization
Rec. value:
n/a
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
pcmErrorCorrection
Description:
Class 2
V12
Before V17 : whether the bts uses the new ETF (Enhanced TRAU
Frame) frame (set to 1) or the ETSI Rec 08.60 frame (set to 0).
After V17 : This parameter is no longer useful in V17 as the feature
PCM Error Correction is no longer supported.
Value range:
[0 / 1]
Object:
bts
Default value:
n/a
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
n/a
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V14
This attribute allows to configure the cell tiering algorithm at BTS level
This parameter is composed of the following five parameters:
hoMarginTiering
nbLargeReuseDataChannels
numberOfPcwiSamples
pwciHreqave
selfTuningObs
Object:
handOverControl
Type:
DP, Optimization
hoMarginTiering
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 63] dB
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
4 dB
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
interferenceType
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellHandOver
Default value:
notApplicable
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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nbLargeReuseDataChannels
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[-16 to +16]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
This parameter gives the mean number of radio TS in the large reuse
pattern (BCCH) used for data communications (and consequently not
available for tiering).
nbLargeReuseDataChannels = number of timeslots dedicated GPRS
+ average number of timslots for 14.4 if the parameter data 14.4
OnNoHoppingTs is set to 1.
This last value can be obtained through the counters 1705/2 and
1707/2.
numberOfPwciSamples
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 60]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
20
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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pwciHreqave
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 16]
V12
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
selfTuningObs
Class 3
V12
Description:
BTS mode of the sending the PwCI distribution on the Abis interface.
This allows a closer monitoring of the cell tiering feature behavior
once activated.
Value range:
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Other than pwCi distribution not sent when fine tuning the
feature, with close monitoring needed.
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The possible values are pwCi distribution not sent (PWCI distribution
is gathered but not sent onto the Abis interface), pwCi distribution sent
after gathering (the distribution is sent each time a new tiering
threshold is computed for a maximum of 10 cells) or one pwCi
distribution sent per hour (the distribution is sent when a new tiering
threshold is computed but no more than one message every hour for
a maximum of 40 cells).
Remark:
PWCI distribution may be gathered and sent onto the Abis interface
independantly of tiering activation.
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Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
list of [algoid] where algoid id: full rate, enhanced, full rate, AMR full
rate, AMR half rate
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
speechMode
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
list of [algoid] where algoid id: full rate, enhanced, full rate, AMR full
rate, AMR half rate
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[used / unused]
Object:
bts
Default value:
used
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
SMS-Cell Broadcast
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 120 s.]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
0 s.
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
[15 to 30 s.]
Used in:
V14
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
LCAUTION!
minTimeQualityIntraCellHO
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 120 s.]
Object:
handOverControl
Default value:
0 s.
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
[0 to 10 s.]
Used in:
V14
Eng. Rules:
Remark:
Note:
LCAUTION!
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Value range:
[enabled / disabled]
Object:
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Class 3
V12
Class 3
V12
Eng. Rules:
servingfactorOffset
Description:
This attribute defines the offset linked to the serving cell, used to
decrease the HO margin, in some specific cases
Value range:
[-63 to 63]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
-2
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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neighDisfavorOffset
Class 3
V12
Description:
This attribute modifies the offset linked to the neighbouring cell, used
to increase the HO marging, in some specific cases
Value range:
[-63 to 63]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Note:
rxQualAveBeg
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 10]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
same as RxlevHreqAveBeg
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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cId
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
0..65535
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
n/a
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
compressedModeUTRAN
Class 3
V17
V17
Description:
Value range:
enabled/disabled
Object:
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
disabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
diversityUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
no diversity/diversity
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
no diversity
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
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Eng. Rules:
earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN
Description:
Class 3
V17
Value range:
disabled/enabled
Object:
bts
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
fDDARFCN
Description:
Value range:
0..16383
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
gsmToUMTSServiceHo
Class 3
V17
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
should
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
-6
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
V17
UMTS RSCP is lower than GSM Rxlev where a quite a high value is
required for a good quality. This margin controls the probability to
perform a handover.
Note that a the quality of UTRAN neighboring is ensured by the
fDDreportingThreshold and fDDreportingThreshold2 parameter
hoMarginAMRUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
TBD
hoMarginRxLevUTRAN
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
TBD
V17
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hoMarginRxQualUTRAN
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
TBD
hoMarginDistUTRAN
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
TBD
hoMarginTrafficOffsetUTRAN
Class 3
V17
V17
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
63 dB
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
TBD
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hoPingpongCombinationUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
list of pairs of causes (GSM to UMTS HO, UMTS to GSM HO): traffic,
powerbudget, directed retry, Rxlev, Rxqual, distance, O&M (forced
HO), all, allpowerbudget.
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
(rxqual, pbgt)
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
(all, pbgt)
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
hoPingpongTimeRejectionUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
30 seconds
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
30 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
hoRejectionTimeOverloadUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
30 seconds
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
30 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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locationAreaCodeUTRAN
Description:
Value range:
0..65535
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
mobileCountryCodeUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
000999 (string)
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
mobileNetworkCodeUTRAN
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
000999 (string)
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
offsetPriorityUTRAN
Class 3
V17
V17
Description:
priority offset applied by the BSC when selecting the candidate cell for
the handover process
Value range:
1..5
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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rNCId
Description:
Value range:
0..4095
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
>-48
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
rxLevMinCellUTRAN
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
>-48
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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scramblingCode
Description:
Value range:
0..511
Object:
adjacentCellUTRAN
Default value:
N/A
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
N/A
t3121
Description:
Class 3
V17
Class 3
V17
t3121 has the same use as t3103 in the GSM inter-BSC handover
procedure. It sets the value before countdown of T3121 timer defined
in the GSM specification .
T3121 starts when the BSC sends an INTER SYSTEM TO UTRAN
HANDOVER message to the mobile. T3121 stops when the mobile
has correctly seized the UTRAN channel. The purpose of this timer is
for the BSC to keep the old channels long enough for the mobile to be
able to return to the old channels if necessary. On expiry of T3121
(indicating the mobile is lost), the BSC may release the channels.
Value range:
2..255 seconds
Object:
bts
Default value:
12 seconds
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
12 seconds
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 3
V15
Value range:
[0 to3]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
0: typical radio condition
1: optimistic radio condition
2: pessimistic radio condition
3: personalize with the BSC data configuration table
The recommanded value of 0 offers a good compromise between HR
penetration and radio environment.
For optimization of the table amrUlFrAdaptationSet should be turn to 3
(refer to AMR Activation Guideline PE/BSS/APP/11438 in Reference
Documents)
See also chapter AMR Engineering Studies.
amrUlHrAdaptationSet
Description:
Class 3
V15
Value range:
[0 to3]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
0: typical radio condition
1: optimistic radio condition
2: pessimistic radio condition
3: personalize with the BSC data configuration table
The recommanded value of 0 offers a good compromise between HR
penetration and radio environment.
For optimization of the table amrUlHrAdaptationSetshould be turn to 3
(refer to AMR Activation Guideline PE/BSS/APP/11438 in Reference
Documents)
See also chapter AMR Engineering Studies.
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amrDlFrAdaptationSet
Description:
Class 3
V15
Value range:
[0 to3]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
0: typical radio condition
1: optimistic radio condition
2: pessimistic radio condition
3: personalize with the BSC data configuration table
The recommanded value of 0 offers a good compromise between HR
penetration and radio environment.
For optimization of the table amrDlFrAdaptationSetshould be turn to 3
(refer to AMR Activation Guideline PE/BSS/APP/11438 in Reference
Documents)
See also chapter AMR Engineering Studies.
amrDlHrAdaptationSet
Description:
Class 3
V15
Value range:
[0 to3]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
0: typical radio condition
1: optimistic radio condition
2: pessimistic radio condition
3: personalize with the BSC data configuration table
The recommanded value of 0 offers a good compromise between HR
penetration and radio environment.
For optimization of the table amrDlHrAdaptationSetshould be turn to 3
(refer to AMR Activation Guideline PE/BSS/APP/11438 in Reference
Documents)
See also chapter AMR Engineering Studies.
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Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
0.5
V15
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
fullHRCellLoadEnd
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100]
Object:
bts
Default value:
100
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
60
V18
Used in:
Channel allocation
Eng. Rules:
fullHRCellLoadStart
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100]
Object:
bts
Default value:
100
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
80
Used in:
Channel allocation
Eng. Rules:
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sharedPDTCHratio
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
60
Used in:
Channel allocation
Eng. Rules:
hrCellLoadEnd
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100]
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
40
Used in:
Channel allocation
Eng. Rules:
hrCellLoadStart
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 100]
Object:
bts
Default value:
100
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Channel allocation
This parameter shall be different from 0 to use Half Rate allocation.
The parameter should be set to 1 to reach V15.1 behaviour (HR
calls allocated on RxLev criterion only)
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TRANSCODER OBJECT
coderPoolConfiguration
Class 2
V12
Description:
Value range:
Object:
Transcoder
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Used for the AMR, TTY activation at the TCU level (downlink and
uplink amplification level and use to define the minimum of AMR
communications on the TCU level).
Each coded has to be present only if is is activated by the operator,
FR is mandatory.
During normal operation, it dynamically reallocates the resources
between the TRMs to meet traffic demand. For the EFR and FR
codecs, the archipelago capacity is 72, i.e. 216 circuits per TRM. For
the AMR codec, the archipelago capacity is 60, i.e.180 circuits per
TRM. For the EFR+TTY codec, the archipelago capacity is 48, i.e. 144
circuits per TRM.
The customer can set for each enabled vocoder type (FR, EFR, AMR)
a warrantied minimum number of communications. This field is called
minimumCalls and is used for the initial distribution.
The TCU assigns CODEC to each available archipelago in an roundrobin manner until the TCU satisfies the minimumCalls condition for
each enabled CODEC. Remaining archipelagoes are configured in
order to achieve as close as possible the CODEC ratios given by
minimumCalls parameters.
Let nbMinimumCalls = sum of minimumCalls of each enable CODEC.
The ratio to achieve for a given CODEC is computed as follows:
CODEC_rate = (minimumCalls (for this CODEC) / nbMinimumCalls).
Examples:
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Remark:
LCAUTION!
For any TCUe3 upgrade from V14/V15 to release V16.0, TTY must be
explicitly
set
at
MMI
on
G3Trans
object
via
the
coderPoolConfiguration field.
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TRANSCEIVER OBJECT
frAMRPriority
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 2]
Object:
Transceiver
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
V14
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
hrAMRPriority
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 2]
Object:
Transceiver
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
V14
Channel allocation
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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hrPowerControlTargetMode
Class 3
V14
Description:
AMR codec target to define the Uplink power control threshold for HR
AMR calls
Value range:
Object:
power control
Default value:
7k4
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
7k4
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
frPowerControlTargetMode
Class 3
V14
Description:
AMR codec target to define the Uplink power control threshold for FR
AMR calls
Value range:
Object:
power control
Default value:
12k2
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
12k2
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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hrPowerControlTargetModeDl
Class 3
V16
Description:
AMR codec target to define the downlink power control threshold for
HR AMR calls
Value range:
Object:
power control
Default value:
7k4
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
7k4
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
frPowerControlTargetModeDl
Class 3
V16
Description:
AMR codec target to define the downlink power control threshold for
FR AMR calls
Value range:
Object:
power control
Default value:
12k2
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
12k2
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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HANDOVER OBJECT
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Uplink RxLev threshold for direct AMR TCH allocation in a normal cell
or in the large zone of a bizone cell (in conjunction with
amrDirectAllocRxlevDL).
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 80 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
amrDirectAllocRxLevDL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 80 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 80 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 80 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
6k7
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
10k2
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The target codec mode has to be more restrictive than the one for
intracell handover otherwise intracell handover will not be possible
most of the time.
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh<amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh.
On the other hand, the codec mode threshold for intercell handover
has to be smaller than the target codec for power control.
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh<frPowerControlTargetMode
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amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
4k75
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The target codec mode has to be less restrictive than the one for
intercell handover otherwise intracell handover will not be possible
most of the time.
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh<amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
5k9
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
5k9
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
The target codec mode has to be more restrictive than the one for
intracell handover otherwise intracell handover will not be possible
most of the time.
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh<amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh.
On the other hand, the codec mode threshold for intercell handover
has to be smaller than the target codecs for power control.
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh<hrPowerControlTargetMode.
amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
6k7
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
6k7
Used in:
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The target codec mode has to be less restrictive than the one for
intercell handover otherwise intracell handover will not be possible
most of the time. In case same intercell and intracell codec target is
chosen, intercell has the priority.
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh<AMRHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh
If the operators strategy is to increase capacity versus quality, low
values for AMRHRtoFRIntracellCodecModeThreshold can be chosen
to delay a come back on a FR channel.
Change of AMR adaptation set could also be used for HR penetration
increase (see chapter Half Rate Maximization Analysis)
amriRxLevDLH
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ..., -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 75 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Since AMR coding is better than standard coding, the threshold for
intracell AMR handover must be more restrictive than the one for
standard calls: amriRxLevDLH>rxLevDLIH.
amriRxLevULH
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[less than -110, -110 to -109, ... , -49 to -48, more than -48] dBm
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
- 75 dBm
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Since AMR coding is better than standard coding, the threshold for
intracell AMR handover must be more restrictive than the one for
standard calls: amriRxLevULH>rxLevULIH.
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amrReserved1
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 2]
V16
handoverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
amrReserved2
Class 3
V12
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 3]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
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Used in:
Eng. Rules:
amrReserved2
LCAUTION!
AMR PowerControl
algorithm based on
CMR/CMC
RxQual
CMR/CMC
RxQual
RxQual
RxQual
A mix between AMR L1m for Power Control and Legacy L1m for AMR
alarm HO is recommended at this stage (amrReserved2 = 1); however
AMR activation with full AMR algorithms on HO management and
Power Control has shown good performances.
nCapacityFRRequestedCodec
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 196]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
44
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
nFRRequestedCodec
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 196]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
24
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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nHRRequestedCodec
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 196]
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
34
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
pRequestedCodec
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
Object:
handoverControl
Default value:
48
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
48
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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ADJACENTCELLHANDOVER
hoMarginAMR
Class 3
V14
Description:
Value range:
[-63 to 63] dB
Object:
AdjacentCellHandover
Default value:
-2
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
same as hoMarginRxQual
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Disable
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
V16
Eng. Rules:
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enableRepeatedFacchHr
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Disable
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
V16
Eng. Rules:
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
V16
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
sacchPowerOffset
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
[0 to 6] dB (with 2 dB step)
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
V16
Eng. Rules:
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sacchPowerOffsetSelection
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
NULL
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
V16
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
enabled/disabled
Object:
bsc
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
V17
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Class 3
V15
Description:
Value range:
[disabled ; enabled ]
Object:
bsc
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
wPSQueueStepRotation
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
[1 to 10]
V15
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, System
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
LCAUTION!
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Class 2
V15
Value range:
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
normal
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
normal
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
tnOffset
Class 2
V15
Description:
Value range:
[0..7]
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
fnOffset
Class 2
V15
Description:
Value range:
[0..84863]
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
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dARPPh1Priority
Class 2
V15
Description:
Its value allows specifying the priority of SAIC mobiles on the TDMA.
Value range:
Object:
transceiver
Default value:
high priority
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
high priority
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
Actually, for radio resource allocation only SDCCH requests are not
differentiated depending if the mobile requesting is SAIC capable or
not.
masterBtsSmId
Class 2
V15
Description:
Value range:
Object:
btsSiteManager
Default value:
Empty
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Depends on context
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
baseColourCode
Description:
Class 2
V7
Value range:
[0 to 7]
Object:
bts
Default value:
N/A
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DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
N/A
Used in:
Network Synchronization
Eng. Rules:
gprsNetworkModeOperation
Class 3
Description:
Value Range:
Object:
bts.
V15
Default value:
0.
Rec. value:
1.
Used in:
Eng. rules:
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bssPagingCoordination
Class 3
V17
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
adaptiveReceiver
Class 2
Description:
Value range:
enabled/disabled
Object:
transceiver
V17
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP, Optimization
Rec. value:
enabled
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
encrypAlgoAssComp
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
encrypAlgoCiphModComp
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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encrypAlgoHoPerf
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
encrypAlgoHoReq
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
encryptionAlgorSupported
Class 3
V8
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bsc
Default value:
none
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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Notes:
layer3MsgCyphModeComp
Class 1
V8
Description:
Value range:
true/false
Object:
signallingPoint
Default value:
false
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
true
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
smartPowerManagementConfig
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
disabled/ enabled/enhanced
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
disabled
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
enhanced
V17
Eng. Rules:
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smartPowerSwitchOffTimer
Description:
Class 3
V17
Sets the initial countdown value of the timer that must expire before
the PA may be switched OFF.
Value range:
Object:
powerControl
Default value:
5 minutes
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
5 minutes
see Eng. Rules
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
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EATrafficLoadEnd
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
0...100 step 1
Object:
bts
Default value:
100
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
40
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
EATrafficLoadStart
Class 3
V18
Description:
Value range:
0...100 step 1
Object:
bts
Default value:
100
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
60
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
VEASDCCHOverflowAllowed
Class 3
Description:
Value range:
Object:
bts
Default value:
Type:
DP
Rec. value:
Used in:
Eng. Rules:
V18
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6.
ENGINEERING ISSUES
6.1.
The tuning of priority handling, queuing and also the use of the preemption mechanism
depends on the adopted strategy.
This behaviour is normal and comes from the definition of allocPriorityThreshold and the
allocation strategy that allocates in priority free TCH.
On the contrary:
IF allocPriorityThreshold Number of shared PDTCH
THEN the only free resources left for priority 0 TCH allocation request are shared
PDTCH.
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Number of shared
PDTCH
allocPriorityThreshold
minNbOfGprsTs
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Gprspreemption is set to no
MinNbGprsTS is set to 0
It means that all PDTCH configurated are shared by GSM and GPRS and thePCU is not
allowed to NACK the preemption requested by the BSC.Impact on queuing, impact on
preemption depending on allocPriorityThreshold value.
It means that some resources are always dedicated to GPRS and that the PCU can NACK a
pre-emption requested by the BSC.
Impact on queuing and preemption efficiency since the PCU can NACK the preemption
It might be interesting to activate HO traffic so as to enable a spatial repartition of traffic on
overlapping cells (with protection against HO ping pong): this spatial repartition of traffic will
save PDTCH channels for GPRS traffic and guarantee a constant availability of preemptable
PDTCH.
GprsPreemption set to no
minNumberGprsTs> 0
IMPACT ON QUEUING.
Minimum resources are guaranteed to GPRS and all the other resources can be used by GSM
calls if needed since the PCU can never NACK a preemption. It might be interesting to
activate HO traffic so as to enable a spatial repartition of traffic on overlapping cells (with
protection against HO ping pong): this spatial repartition of traffic will save PDTCH channels
for GPRS traffic and guarantee a constant availability of preemptable PDTCH.
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6.2.
Actually, even in such configuration, the value of the delay depends on the speed of the
mobiles. If the speed is low and the mobile speed in the cell is homogeneous then the delay
can be significant and have an action on ping-pong handover. If the speed is non
homogeneous then the most rapid-moving mobiles must be considered for the value of the
delay, though ping-pong handovers could occur. The lower the most rapid moving mobiles
speed, the more important the delay is. Then bts Time Between HO configuration is a
function of the cell size and the mobile speed.
In such situation, the problem of field variation is solved:
If the mobile speed is low then the delay will help to avoid a ping-pong
handover
If the mobile speed is high, the averaging will not show all these variations.
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macroCell B
microCell A
microCell C
With a macroCell, the delay can be used for the microCell. A mobile that goes from microCell
A to macroCell B will perform a handover (on alarm cause). Then, it is worth setting a delay on
cell A to avoid a ping-pong handover (between A and C).
Therefore, this delay is beneficial for a mobile in cell C that turns into the street of cell A. The
same is true in opposite direction.
The only restriction is for a mobile coming from macro B and going to micro C. The delay has
a negative influence for the handover microA-microB. It is the same case as before.
The feature General Protection against HO ping-pong can solve this kind of problem. For
instance, in this particular case, the parameter hoPingPongCombination should be set to
(alarm, capture) and hoPingPongTimeRejection should be set to the previous V9 value of bts
Time Between HO configuration.
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system test: the counters show that ping-pong handovers exist. With a little
variation of the delay (bts Time Between HO configuration), it is possible to
see the influence (always with counters). So with only some steps of delay
variation the best value to avoid ping-pong handover and radio link failure can
be found.
measurements: with mobile measurements, the point of interference and the
equivalence point can be found. Then the delay value can be deduced from
the distance between both points.
However the following light constraints are applied to the value of the delay:
average time of a mobile in the cell (weighted if nedeed for each speed)
bts Time Between HO configuration.
Those constraints could also be a way to find the best value of minimum time between
handover.
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6.3.
Long duration
Directed Retry
Network
under dimensioned
Duration of
congestion
Normal
situation
Call
Large surface
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With Directed Retry and 25% overlapping: gain on traffic 3,3% on the whole set of 12 cells of
this example and gain on blocking rate.
WITH N = 1:
The Erlang law gives X = 87.6% (a blocking rate of 12.4%), the carried traffic is:
14.9 + 87.6% * (10-5.9) = 18.5 Erl
Gain 30% on ONE -cell and the highest blocking rate is over 12.4% (instead of 48%).
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WITH SEVERAL N:
microCells transfer their calls into one umbrella-cell, and with the hypothesis of our example,
the gain should be (en = enabled, dis = disabled):
Gain%=
-1
Gain%=
The best cells to implement directed retry are the cells that have potential problems due to a
lack of TCH resources. Directed Retry may solve the problem of load if the cell is the only one
to have this kind of problem in the close area. If the entire area is congested, almost no
improvement will be observed.
If queuing is enabled on the cell, the parameter setting of the queuing should lead to queues
of size 3 and a waiting timer of 6 seconds in the candidate cell.
Directed Retry can be also activated without queuing. See chapter Directed retry without
queuing activation for further informations.
The last value to set is the rxLev threshold used in the feature to choose a good neighbor
cell (distant mode). As the decision is taken on the basis of one measurement, a margin of a
few dBs needs to be taken to deal with multipath fading. Then, the advised value should be at
least rxLevMinCell + 3 dB.
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interBscDirectedRetry = allowed
intraBscDirectedRetry = allowed
modeModifyMandatory = used
bscQueuingOption = forced
timeBetweenHOConfiguration = true
HOSecondBestCellConfiguration = 3
allocPriorityTimers = 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
allocWaitThreshold = 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
directedRetryModeUsed = bts
interBscDirectedRetryFromCell = allowed
intraBscDirectedRetryFromCell = allowed
directedRetry = rxLevMinCell + 3 dB
hoPingPongTimeRejection = 30 (= the previous V9 value of bts Time Between
HO configuration
hoPingPongCombination = (DirectedRetry , all) or for instance (DirectedRetry,
PBGT)
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6.4.
CONCENTRIC CELLS
The concentric cell feature has been introduced from the BSS version V9.1. The main
principle is to define two zones in a cell: inner (or small) and outer (or large) zone. BCCH and
signaling channels use TMDAs of outer zone.
Outerzone
(large zone)
Innerzone
(small zone)
BCCH and
signalling
channels
traffic
channels
This feature enables the system to have two separate zones within the same cell using
different TDMAs and giving the operator flexibility to have separate frequency hopping
systems. Therefore, concentric cell zones give better spectral efficiency through mobility
management between zones and being able to increase inner zone frequency reuse.
For a good understanding of this feature, please refer to the chapter
Concentric/DualCoupling/DualBand Cell Handover, and the associated Functional Notes [R10]
Concentric cell improvements (CM888/TF889) and [R11] FN for stepped coupling.
Expected Network Impacts:
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concentAlgoExtRxLev
concentAlgoIntRxLev
(inner to outer
threshold)
biZonePowerOffset
+ hysteresis Margin
As shown on the figure above, the definition of inner zone coverage depends mainly on
concentAlgoExtRxLev; concentAlgoIntRxLev and biZonePowerOffset+hysteresis parameters.
Main related parameters to the concentric cell feature are listed below:
Parameter
Description
concentric cell
enable the concentric cell feature on the cell (also used for dualband / dualcoupling)
concentAlgoExtRxLev
level threshold used for TCH Direct Allocation in the inner zone or to trigger an interzone HO from the
outer to the inner zone
concentAlgoExtRxLevUL *
Uplink level threshold used for TCH Direct Allocation in the inner zone or to trigger an interzone HO
from the outer to the inner zone
concentAlgoIntRxLev
level threshold used to trigger an interzone HO from th inner to the outer zone
concentAlgoIntRxLevUL *
Uplink level threshold used to trigger an interzone HO from th inner to the outer zone
biZonePowerOffset
offset used to simulate the power difference between TDMAs of the inner and the outer zone (power
difference either due to power emission, coupling losses or propagation losses)
set the power difference between the two zones of a concentric/dualaband/dualcoupling cell
concentAlgoExtMsRange
distance threshold used for TCH Direct Allocation in the inner zone or to trigger an interzone HO from
the outer to the inner zone (not used for dualband functionality)
concentAlgoIntMsRange
distance threshold used to trigger an interzone HO from th inner to the outer zone
biZonePowerOffset(n)
offset used to reflect the difference of propagation between the two zones of an adjacent cell in case of
handover toward the inner zone
rxLevMinCell(n)
minimum signal strength level received by MS for being granted access to a neighbor cell
*From V18 new parameters are added in order to secure uplink path during direct allocation
and interzone HO
CONCENTALGOEXTRXLEV
The concentAlgoExtRxLev value can be set depending on how TRXs capacity in the cell is
shared between the inner and outer zone. The following figure shows CPT cumulative
distribution of RxLev uplink and downlink of a cell before concentric cell activation.
concentAlgoExtRxLev may be deduced from the downlink RxLev distribution which represents
samples of communications in function of the strength level.
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On the figure above we can see that only 10% of the traffic is handled with a level under -86
dBm. So if the traffic size of inner zone (% of TS in the inner zone with regard to total number
of TS in the cell) is 90% of the outer zone, it means that 90% of downlink Rxlev sample may
be inside of inner zone, and 10% is outside. A downlink RxLev value L90, L75 or L50 should
then correpsond to 90%, 75% or 50% of traffic on the inner zone.
concentAlgoExtRxLev = LXX (use of the CPT tool)
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CONCENTALGOINTRXLEV
To avoid ping-pong interzone HO, a hysterisis margin is recommended. The level threshold to
trigger an interzone HO from the inner to the outer zone could be calculated as follow:
concentAlgoIntRxLev = concentAlgoExtRxLev - Hysteresis Margin biZonePowerOffset
where Hysteresis Margin = 4 dB is recommended.
rxLevMinCell(n)
concentAlgo
ExtRxLev(n)
cellA
cellB
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provides better isolation of inner zone interferences by keeping only the calls
with very good RxLev to enter the inner zone
allows deploying a more constraining inner zone frequency plan (or a
consequent inner zone radio quality improvement) and reducing 3107 drops
since inter HO are done in better radio conditions.
On the other hand, one of the inherent risks of using this approach is to block on the outer
zone while resource availability remains on the inner zone. Even though inner zone blocking is
not customer perceived (calls can overflow onto the outer zone radios if available TCH
resources), a compromise exists between the traffic distribution between the zones, and the
improvement in KPI. Therefore, additional tuning of the concentAlgoExt/IntRxLev thresholds
may be necessary on certain sites to set an appropriate threshold for transitioning from and to
the inner zone.
SDCCH DIMENSIONING
It should be noted that with Concentric Cell SDCCH channels cannot be configured in the
inner zone and all the SDCCH channels will have to be re-mapped to the outer zone radios.
All the sectors prior to implementation of Concentric Cell in the concerned BSCs must follow
Nortels recommended rule of spreading the SDCCH channels amongst different radios and
therefore had to be re-mapped carefully such that SDCCH congestion is not encountered.
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50
-84,0
45
-86,0
40
-88,0
35
-90,0
30
-92,0
25
-94,0
20
-96,0
15
10
5
0
0,00
-98,0
BTSPower(Offsetpower0)
-100,0
BTSPower(Offsetpower8dB)
InnerZone Coverage (40%)
-102,0
RxLev(Offsetpower0)
RxLev(Offsetpower8dB)
0,05
RxLev[dBm]
0,10
0,15
0,20
-104,0
0,25
If BTS inner zone TDMA are not attenuated at all (0dB), 14,8 dBm mean BTS TX DL power
would be found while if 8 dB output power would be attenuated, mean BTS TX DL Power
would become 13,4 dBm. Therefore the impact on interference and isolation on innerzone is
very limited and it is preferred to leave power control the possibility to power up rather than
induce an external attenuation
CONCENTALGOEXT/INTRXLEV
It is recommended to set concentAlgoExtRxLev using CPT tool. DL RxLev number of samples
repartition found in CPT is a good indicator on how traffic load is spread around the cell.
concentAlgoExtRxLev threshold can be defined to match inner/outer zone capacity repartition.
It is recommended to define concentAlgoExtRxLev instead of concentAlgoIntRxLev through
CPT methodology. Like this, inner zone RxLev samples are slightly underestimated (signal
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CONCENTALGOEXT/INTMSRANGE
concentAlgoExtMsRange and concentAlgoIntMsRange could be used to reinforce or to
complement inner and outer inter zone handovers using concentAlgoExt/IntRxLev.
The calculated distance between the MS and the BTS is based on timing advance (TA), which
has an accuracy of 3 bits (corresponding to more than 1,5 km), due to the shift of
synchronization of some MSs. Thus, this parameter is not very useful in urban areas where
the cell size is relatively small and due to the multipath effect, the MS to BS distance is not
very accurate. However this parameter could be used in rural areas or suburban areas.
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L1M REACTIVITY
It is not recommended to increase L1m reactivity when concentric cell is used for HO
decisions since it can increase significantly interzone HO with the consequent increase on
T3107 drops. An average of 8 frames is recommended.
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6.5.
- 0,15
- 0,15
- 0,15
- 0,15
- 0,15
2,12
1,48
1,19
1,03
0,72
The results show that, for an averaging on 4 measurements, the standard deviation is only 1
dB. This is insignificant enough to consider that we can run simulations, and analyze the
measurements with one of the two levels, if we dont know which one is used.
Moreover, the measurement processing used for the neighbor cells is close to the process
used in the case of DTX: it is the arithmetic mean of about (104/N) received time slots power,
where N is the number of neighbor cells declared, between 1 and 32.
If 6 < N < 12, which is often the case, the two processes are quite comparable. 8 to 10 for
neighbor; standard deviation on RxLev_Sub can be extended to RxLev(i).
This means that the RxLev_NCell(i) measured on a neighbor cell, is close to the RxLev that
would be measured if it was the current cell.
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6.6.
% cumulate
0,66
1,18
1,18
1,32
1,89
3,07
1,98
4,01
7,08
2,64
5,42
12,5
3,3
1,89
14,39
3,96
4,01
18,4
4,62
4,48
22,88
5,28
1,65
24,53
5,94
1,42
25,94
6 to 11
8,02
33,96
> 11
66,04
100
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6.7.
least
If allocPriorityThreshold equals 0, all the requests are treated in the same manner.
If queuing is in OMC driven mode (run by the BSC), incoming handovers cannot be queued.
The highest priority must be given to incoming handovers.
The queuing plays a part when, there is not enough TCH resources. When traffic increases to
a blocking state, the queuing has no impact on the total ratio of TCH allocation success: the
more call attempts that are acknowledged, the more incoming handovers are refused.
The queuing is prefered when all TCH resources are busy during a short time; it cannot
replace a resource.
Please refer to chapter TCH Allocation Management.
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6.8.
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6.9.
This comes from the following expression that relates the mean of the natural logarithm of an
exponential random variable of mean one to the Euler constant ():
Ln (x) exp (- x) dx = = 0,57721
The 10.Log (e) factor just accounts for the base 10 log.
In this normalised example:
averaged mean of Watt samples converted in dB = 0 = BTS
calculation
averaged mean of dB samples = 2.51 dB = MS calculation
So, the maximum difference between the two ways of calculating the average power is 2.51
dB. The uplink value will be the higher.
However, here, the hypothesis of the Rayleigh fading lead to deal with two paths, if there are
many paths, the value of the correction needs to be decreased.
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Hreqt
HO CAUSE LEVEL DL
The modification of the parameters has a low impact on the total amount of HO detected on
Level DL cause.
HO CAUSE CAPTURE
For each of the four sets of parameters used, the total amount of handovers is the same. The
difference is not significant because microCellCaptureTimer * runHandover is kept constant.
CONCLUSION
The simulations show that:
Setting Hreqt=1 instead of 2 has a very low impact on the total
amount of handovers (less than 4%)
Same conclusion for runHandover=1 instead of 2
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RUNHANDOVER=1
Field simulations have shown that such a value of runHandOver has low impact on reactivity
compared to runHandOver=2. The increase of reactivity due to runHandOver=1 is less than or
equal to 0,5 second.
HREQT=1
The influence of Hreqt on reactivity is much more decisive, 15% are being advanced by setting
Hreqt=1 (hoMargin unchanged). Two reasons can explain this:
After the beginning of communication on a new TCH, L1M waits for a fixed
delay before a new HO: HreqAve*Hreqt*0,48 sec. Among the HO performed
within 8 seconds1 after a callsetup or another HO, 45% are advanced thanks
to Hreqt=1.This can be very helpful if, for example, the callsetup was initiated
on a bad cell, because of Reselection failure.
Reducing the length of the weighted averaging window can make the
variations of the weighted average less smooth. This effect is observed for
only 2% of the HO. For this particular case, it is still possible to tune hoMargin.
The low impact of this measure can be explained as follows.
HREQT=2
That configuration does not always double the size of the averaging window.
Example: runHandover=1, HreqAve=4, Hreqt=2. Every runHandover, the L1M calculates a
weighted average based on the last average stored and the sliding average of the moment.
These two averages can have up to 3 measures in common.
CONCLUSION
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DOWNLINK
A (dBm)
30
33
B (dB)
60
60
C (dBm) = A - B
-30
-27
Receiver Sensitivity
D (dBm)
-104
-101
E (dB)
F (dBm)
-113
-110
G (dB) = C - F
83
83
As we can notice in the results of the upper table, the values are the same for uplink and
downlink.
6.13.2 BLOCKING
The Blocking takes into account the interferences generated by the others MSs.
The BTS can handle, for the 600 kHz adjacent frequency, a received signal strength 35 dB
below the maximum received power of the current frequency. Over this value, a phenomenon
of flashing occurs.
The flashing phenomenon consists in a BTS or a MS which would emit at a very high value,
and would by this way interfere the communication of the others MSs. The effect of this
phenomenon is the deterioration of the wanted signal.
The decoupling value is the difference between the maximum output power and the maximum
received signal level.
Considering an S2000L BTS and a GSM 1800 MS, values are the following in both uplink and
downlink:
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DOWNLINK
A (dBm)
30
33
B (dB)
-35
-44
Decoupling Value
C (dB) = A - B
65
77
Moreover, in the blocking case, the probability of collision of the burst between MS and BTS
must be taken into account.
In the blocking case, the downlink is more affected than the uplink. However, this difference is
not very important (except if the study is done at the frequency of the interferer) since the
decoupling value for the Broadband noise is more restricting than the decoupling values for
blocking.
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6.14.
MICROCELL BENEFITS
Microcell is a spectral efficiency feature. This algorithm enables us to shift traffic irrespective of
the traffic condition based on downlink signal strength and mobile speed. This gives flexibility
in filling the micro layer first before loading the macro/umbrella layer.
Different gain can be obtained depending on microcell deployment strategy, e.g. capacity gain,
indoor coverage gain, voice quality improvement Several microcell strategies should be
considered:
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50% for interferer cancel algo usage is a very good compromise between
interference cancellation and pure thermal noise sensitivity: it does not
degrade the sensitivity and gives almost the same interference cancellation
performance as 100% with 5dB cancellation loss in the range I/N=0 to 20dB.
For instance, it will be very useful in a medium traffic area, where the isolated
interferers will be very well removed with no coverage degradation.
When pure thermal noise sensitivity is not an issue (not coverage but
interference limited situation), 100% achieves the best interference
cancellation.
In an actual network, some particular synchronization patterns may exhibit a
performance loss when interference cancellation is applied although there are
many interferers. However, on the overall network a typical net gain of about
1dB will be obtained with 50% (remember that 1dB is 26% increased capacity
if the network capacity is limited by the uplink interferers).
The following guidelines should be applied: when the interference cancellation is available,
50% is an excellent compromise between coverage and interference cancellation. When
speed is the main problem (high speed train coverage) 100% is the best value.
Improvement appears when there is an update from a previous v15.1.1 BSS to a later one.
Indeed, before V15.1.1, gain of interferer cancellation was not optimal in case of low Rxlev.
Since V15.1.1 interferer cancellation algorithm has been improved to take into account all
range value for parameter interferer cancel algo usage for all RxLev range.
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cell A
cell B
The first one deals with mobile moving straight the cross road. In the case, the
handover toward the cell A must be avoided.
Mobiles turning at the cross road is the second case. The handover from cell
B to A must be performed quickly before the field of the current cell dropped
under a critical value, leading a call drop.
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cell A
cell B
RxLev
rxLevDLPBGT
cell B
cell A
Time
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cell A
cell B
RxLev
cell A
cell B
Time
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SYNCHRONIZED HO
Parameters
Cell A
Cell B
adjacentCellHO object
CellId
Cell B Id
Cell A Id
Synchronized
Synchronized
Synchronized
hoMargin
-24
-24
NOT SYNCHRONIZED HO
Parameters
Cell A
Cell B
adjacentCellHO object
CellId
Cell B Id
Cell A Id
Synchronized
Not Synchronized
Not Synchronized
hoMargin
-24
-24
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PRE-SYNCHRONIZED HO
Parameters
Cell A
Cell B
AdjacentCellHO object
CellId
Cell B Id
Cell A Id
Synchronized
30
30
-24
-24
PreSynchroTA
hoMargin
Note: the value - 1 for the PreSynchroTA parameter stands for a TA value equal to 1 (554 m).
6.17.3 TIMING HO
PROCEDURE
The test procedure was based on tone recordings. A specific tone is sent for UL (resp. DL)
from the MS (resp. the land line). The tone is a pattern of a 3 second 500 Hz signal and a 3
second 700 Hz signal. The use of 2 contiguous signal is needed because problems of no
signal emission occurred when a one frequency tone signal is used.
The tone was sent for a minute. An HO occurred approximately every 5,7 seconds. Each
record has a serial of about 10 HOs.
All the averages shown in that study are calculated from these 10 values.
SYNCHRONIZED HO RESULTS
COLLECTED DATA
HO #
Muting (ms)
Silence (ms)
Demuting (ms)
Total (ms)
26
55
28
109
14
60
21
95
21
57
15
93
31
61
14
106
14
52
15
81
26
50
19
95
70
26
19
115
66
28
26
120
43
25
46
114
10
49
10
38
97
11
29
18
36
83
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The (1,2,3,4,5,6) HO # are HOs which occurred in the 500 Hz frequency part of the tone.
The (7,8,9,10,11) HO # are HOs which occurred in the 700 Hz frequency part of the tone.
Silence (ms)
Demuting (ms)
Total (ms)
22
56
19
97
14
50
14
78
31
61
28
120
16
Silence (ms)
Demuting (ms)
Total (ms)
51
21
33
106
29
10
19
58
70
28
46
144
17
11
35
For both frequencies, the average timing HO of a synchronized HO is the same, around 100
ms. The interesting part is that the time repartition between the muting, silence and demuting
phases are not the same.
The muting and demuting phases appear to be dependent on the frequency. However, the
muting and demuting algorithms at the TCB are not dependent on the frequency. Actually, the
ECU activation on both cells may be responsible of this dependence. It seems that the ECU
algorithm at the BTS makes the muting and demuting dependent on frequency.
When ECU is enabled, it seems that the muting and demuting slopes are correlated to the
frequency.
Muting (ms)
Silence (ms)
Demuting (ms)
Total (ms)
25
133
162
47
113
84
244
40
114
43
197
20
137
47
204
24
131
43
198
48
93
33
174
18
123
46
187
38
143
38
219
25
109
44
178
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Silence (ms)
Demuting (ms)
Total (ms)
32
122
42
196
18
93
162
48
143
84
244
12
16
20
25
The Not Synchronized Timing HO is around 200 ms. Unfortunately, the high standard
deviation value does not allow any conclusion on this specific duration.
Note: Not synchronized HO procedure
Here is a brief example of the L3 radio protocol of such a HO:
The TA is indicated from the target BTS to the MS in the PHYSICAL INFO.
We can make the statement that the not synchronized HO is twice slower than the
synchronous one. It is mainly due to the PHYSICAL INFO expectation of the MS.
PRE-SYNCHRONIZED HO RESULTS
PRINCIPLE
The pre-synchronized handover procedure is exactly the same than the synchronized
handover procedure.
After the Handover Access bursts which shall be sent with a TA value of 0 the MS shall use a
TA as specified in the HO Command by the old BTS, or a default value of 1, if the old BTS did
not provide a TA value.
The BSC indicates in the HO Command message that the handover will be pre-synchronized
and, if needed, the predefined Timing Advance to be used by the MS in the new cell
(preSynchroTimingAdvance parameter).
COLLECTED DATA
The real TA of both cells is 0 (but fluctuant sometimes to a TA value of 1). The aim of these
tests is to evaluate the voice quality loss and/or gain of a pre-synchronized HO versus the
preSynchroTimingAdvance value set at the OMC-R.
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STATISTICS
0
-1
30
Average (ms)
PreSynchroTA (kms)
120
122
89
105
436
739
756
684
705
Minimum
108
94
65
89
79
524
606
532
533
Maximum
129
144
126
105
958
971
970
947
945
Standard Deviation
18
17
13
334
172
133
132
133
COMMENTS
It has to be understood that the pre-synchronized handover has been implemented in order to
fasten the handover procedure in a dense (size <2kms) environment or in a railway / highway
optimization. As the setting of the preSynchroTimingAdvance parameter is not that easy (onfield measurements and TA distributions after HO per pair of cells), the behavior of the MS for
a wrong (2 or 3 steps of TA) and a very wrong (greater than 3 steps of TA) TA value is very
interesting for the network optimization.
Actually, regarding the timing HO results versus different preSynchroTimingAdvance values, it
seems that the MS is able to re-synchronize with the BTS. The drawback is that the speech
cut duration and the handover procedure are highly increased (up to 1 second).
CONCLUSION
Regarding the results of that study, it clearly appears that the synchronized handover is the
faster type of handover. It is available for intraBTS or intracell handovers, or if the Network
Synchronisation is activated. In this case, if the two cells are synchronized by GPS, and they
have the same TNOffset, handover can be synchronized, even if the two cells are not in the
same BSC.
However, the pre-synchronized handover has shown very good results (almost the same
performance than the synchronized one) if the TA after HO is previously known.
Therefore, pre-synchronized HO is a good solution to fasten handover and to decrease (up to
80 ms) the speech cut duration. The fields of appliance should be dense (cell size < 2kms),
railway or highway environment to ensure that the distance after handover is known.
Not synchronized handover still remains the only setting for InterBSC handovers.
Anyway, the UL results of that memo show that the speech cut duration is less than 250 ms.
This value allows to keep a pretty good voice quality during handovers.
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Antenna
Common
Cable losses
Rx sensivity
Antenna connector
Duplexor
Rx diversity gain
Combiner
Base Station
Power Amplifier
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BRANCH SENSITIVITY
Diversity gains are calculated by doing the difference between with and without 2 antennas
figures. Then diversity gains vary a lot with correlation and propagation channels. Yet, it can
be observed that after rounding figures, the overall sensitivity + diversity figure stays relatively
constant, independently of the configuration. The trend is a cumulated figure of -113 dBm for
the S8000 without enhanced coverage option, and -115 dBm for the S8000 with enhanced
coverage option.
This observation partly justifies the uniformity of the diversity gain of 5 dB for the S8000. It
must be stressed that this artifice is only meant to provide separate figures for sensitivity and
diversity gain, which are still distinguished when discussing link budgets
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POLARIZATION DIVERSITY
Polarization diversity is obtained by processing the two signals coming from the two branches
of one crosspolar antenna. Polarization diversity is estimated after measurements of signal
decorrelation between the two diversity receiving branches of one crosspolar.
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-1.5dB
-3dB
diversity gain
+4dB (5dB)*
+4dB (5dB)*
This system relies on a single 3dB-90 dephaser-hybrid coupler located at the bottom of the
crosspolar antenna feeding the two ports of the crosspolar antenna with exactly the same
feeder length. The system scheme is shown below:
BTS with
polarization
diversity
BTS with
space
diversity
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+4dB
space diversity
+5dB
0dB
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So the number of these messages has to be taken into account in the dimensioning of the
SDCCH channels. Some rules are defined here below.
Blocking rate
Middle LAC
LAC border
Normal load
2%
0.1 %
0.1 %
Very loaded
5%
0.1 %
0.1 %
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ACTIVATION OF SMS-CB
The SMS-CB is multiplexed with the SDCCH. So the activation of the SMS-CB reduces the
number of SDCCH sub-channels and so the signaling capacity of the BTS. For example:
Capacity (erlang)
SDCCH/4
0.439
SDCCH/3
0.194
SDCCH/7
1.579
SDCCH/8
2.057
So the activation of the SMS-CB has a great impact on the signaling capacity of cell (see also
chapter SMS-Cell Broadcast)
Note: in case of SMS-CB, the SDCCH TS number has to be lower than 4 (< 4)
SUBSCRIBERS MOBILITIES
In a high mobility area (rural, highway) a none negligible number of the RACH are requested
for Location Updates. The total number of RACH is then higher than in a low mobility area, it is
then better to increase the number of SDCCH channels.
In a very high mobility area (high speed train) the number of Location Area are generally
reduced in order to avoid a BSS signaling overload due to the LA update. Moreover the TCH
allocation has to be as fast as possible in order to avoid dropped calls set-up. So for the cells
which are dedicated to the coverage of very high mobility area only, (e.g. cells which cover
only the high speed train railways and not surrounding roads or villages) it is better to reduce
the SDCCH channels number. If the cell is at the boundary of a location area the SDCCH
channels have to be set according to the Location Area update load.
NUMBER OF NETWORKS
The SIM card can contain the Id of only 4 forbidden networks, i.e if there are more than four
networks in a country a mobile can attempted a Location Update on other networks (->
Location Reject). So wherever there are more than four competitors in the same frequency
band it is recommended to increase the number of SDCCH channels.
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The typical values for priority of each TDMA model is defined in detail in the Radio Interface
Engineering Rules ([R58]).
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the traffic in one of the sectors: for example on a site linked by two PCMs if a
cell is considered as more important by the operator (strategic coverage), one
can give to the TDMAs of that cell a higher priority than those of the other cell.
Thus, during a PCM failure, those TDMA will be re-configured in priority on the
left PCM.
circuit traffic instead of packet data traffic, by setting a higher priority for
TDMAs having only TCH compared to TDMA that have also pDTCH
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Prerequisite
Basic tuning of parameters
Overload configuration change
Other parameter modification
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NETWORK:
Each BSC is fully operational and a switchover should be done, LapD load balancing over
TMU, LapD loadsharing, Location Area (LA) sizing,, TCH congestion (this is particularly
important in case of concentric cell use), Call Drop rate, HandOver failure rate (and
neighbouring reciprocity).
Moreover, no modification of the network during the special event (such as command files,
OMC commands, ) shall be done.
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The modification of parameters of the 1st category does not lead to any
service interruption. These modifications may be done very quickly and a few
hours before the event.
Parameters of the 2 nd category are only applied if it can be done without
service interruption (refer to chapter ALGORITHM PARAMETERS).
Modification of parameters of the 3 rd category is optional and only applicable
on networks in which queuing is already activated. It requires a quite long
preparation and should be decided at least three months before the special
event. It does not lead to service interruption.
Parameters to modify:
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SS7 LINK
Underprovisioned SS7 links can result in link congestion, which potentially inhibit mobile call
processing. It is therefore recommended to audit the link provisioning in the network before the
special event. During the busy hour the mean link occupancy should not exceed 40%. The
expected subscriber growth in the network has to be taken into account. This check should be
done about 4 months before the special event in order to allow potential HW extensions.
LAC DATAFILL
The Location Area Code (LAC) is a configurable parameter on the BSS and on the NSS (table
LAC). If the values are not the same, Mobile location updates on the MSC will fail. This will
result in all mobiles to repeat the locationupdate attempt. The resulting high signaling load can
decrease stability of the LPP due to the increased signaling traffic. It is therefore highly
recommended to verify that the LAC values on BSS and NSS match up before the special
event.
BSC PROTECTION
Reduction of the signaling load on the BSC optimizes its behavior in a high traffic situation.
This chapter proposes actions in the NSS, which will help to decrease the signaling load on
the BSC.
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AUTHENTICATION
Authentication in GSM aims at ensuring that only mobiles with an official SIM card can access
the network. Reducing authentication reduces the signaling on the BSS. The operator should
consider to disable the optional authentication activities in the network. This can be done by
modifying parameter AUTH_CONTROL_PARM in table OFCVAR. To configure to a minimum
activity the parameter has to be set as follows
GSM09: AUTH_CONTROL_PARM = NORM_0 PER_0 ATT_0 MO_0 MT_0
IMPACT
It should be noted that even with this minimum setting the authentication procedure will be
executed at the first Attach or Inter-VLR-location update of a mobile at the MSC. This implies
that a reasonable degree of security is reached. The default value of NORM_20 PER_20
ATT_20 MO_20 MT_20 configures that every 20th call, location update and attach will trigger
the authentication procedure. The above described minimum value results in only the first
location update (inter-VLR or attach) to trigger authentication.
The parameter allows to individually set authentication rates for normal (NORM), periodic
(PER) location updates location, Attachs (ATT), mobile originated (MO) and mobile terminated
(MT) calls.
PAGE RETRY
The Paging message sent to the BSC is highly costly in terms of BSC CPU processing. After a
timer expires without a response from a mobile, the DMS sends a second Paging message.
Monitoring of live networks has shown that only an insignificant portion of the second paging
message is successfully responded by a mobile. Due to this it is recommended to deactivate
the paging retry. This is done by setting the parameter GSM_PAGE_RETRY in table
GSMVAR to 0.
CIPHERING
Ciphering guarantees confidentiality of GSM communications on the radio interface.
Deactivating Ciphering reduces the signaling on the BSC. The operator should consider
whether the deactivation of ciphering is acceptable during the special event. To deactivate, the
officeparameter GMSC_CIPHERING in table OFCENG of the MSC has to be set to OFF.
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6.21.
Description
selfAdaptActivation
servingfactorOffset
This attribute defines the offset linked to the serving cell, used to decrease the HO margin
neighDisfavorOffset
This attribute modifies the offset linked to the neighbouring cell, used to increase the HO marging
rxLevHreqave
Number of signal strength measurements performed on a serving cell, used to compute arithmetic
strength averages in handover and power control algorithms
rxNCellHreqave
Number of measurement results used in the PBGT algorithm to compute the average neighboring
signal strength
rxLevHreqaveBeg
Number of measurement reports used in short averaging algorithm on current cell for signal strength
arithmetic average
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
Number of measurement results used in short averaging algorithm to compute the average
neighboring signal strength
rxQualHreqave
Number of arithmetic averages taken into account to compute the weighted average bit error rate in
handover and power control algorithms. Each is calculated from rxQualHreqave bit error rate (BER)
measurements on a radio link
rxQualAveBeg
This attribute defines the number of quality measures used by the power control mechanism, in
case of hopping TS or fast MS
hoMargin
Margin to use for PBGT handovers to avoid subsequent handover, in PBGT formula
hoMarginBeg
Margin to be added to hoMargin until rxLevHreqave for short averaging algorithm in order to
compensate the lack of measurements
runHandOver
Number of Measurement Results messages that must be received before the handover algorithm in
a cell is triggered
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FIRST ACTIVATION
Activation parameters setting:
Parameter
Value
selfAdaptActivation
enabled
servingfactorOffset
neighDisfavorOffset
rxLevHreqave
rxNCellHreqave
rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
rxQualHreqave
rxQualAveBeg
hoMargin
hoMarginBeg
runHandOver
That activation has proven some good results, mainly on RF drops and Minute Of Usage, but
also on HO repartition, as shown below:
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Handover Distribution
As explained in the feature description the algorithm helps in the Urban areas by making
intelligent decisions for Power Budget handovers and reducing interference by more reactive
adjustment in attenuation.
In coverage limited environment the advantage is highly mitigated. In order to capture the
benefits from the feature in the Suburban and Rural areas through reducing rescue
handovers; appropriate recommendations should be applied (see chapter Final recommended
setting).
Hereunde are the general conclusions about AHA activation:
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FINE TUNING
FREQUENCY HOPPING CASE
The power Budget handover adaptation in the frequency hopping case ( > 3 SFH per sector)
uses servingfactorOffset to favor the server as suppose to the neighbor in two of the four
cases. So the setting of -2 for servingFactorOffset means it will actually favor the server OR
in other words disfavor the neighbor greatly. The neighDisfavorOffset is already applied at 2
dB such that the two cases where you have enough measurements of your server the
effective HOMargin (eff) will be 8 dB when you have not enough measurements in the
neighbor and 6 dB when you have enough measurements in the server as well as from the
neighbor. In the expectation of making better and more handovers decisions on PBGT in
these two case the HOMargin (eff) should be reduced by 2 dB in both these cases in order not
to disfavor the neighbor by effectively HOMargin of 6 OR 4 by tuning the
servingFactorOffset from -2 to 0.
Note: experience results presented in this part are done with 8 SFH per sector.
Handover QoS
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Handover QoS
Urban area
Suburban area
Rural area
selfAdaptActivation
enabled
enabled
enabled
servingfactorOffset
neighDisfavorOffset
rxLevHreqave
rxNCellHreqave
rxLevHreqaveBeg
rxLevNCellHreqaveBeg
rxQualHreqave
rxQualAveBeg
hoMargin
hoMarginBeg
runHandOver
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OVERLOAD CRITERION
The overload criterion is defined on a cell basis and can take two expressions according to the
operators choice :
If queuing is not activated the number of available TCHs is lower than the
defined threshold,
If queuing is activated: the number of queued TCH requests is greater than
the defined threshold.
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RELATED PARAMETERS
Parameter
Description
hoTraffic (bsc)
hoTraffic (bts)
hoMarginTrafficOffset
level strength margin added to compute the neighbor eligibility in case of traffic HO
(refer to EXP2Traffic)
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
minimum number of free TCHs which triggers the beginning of the TCH congestion
phase and the beginning of the traffic overload condition
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion
number of free TCHs which triggers the end of the TCH congestion phase and the end
of the traffic overload condition
hoPingpongCombination
hoPingpongTimeRejection
offsetLoad
level strength offset added to compute the neighbor eligibility depending on its state of
congestion (refer to EXP4)
Furthermore and as described in the chapter Expected effects and recommended parameters,
queuing and directed retry parameters have to be set properly. As a reminder:
FEATURE INTERWORKING
In order to avoid blocking the originating calls on congested cells, directed retry with default
settings should be enabled, and to avoid a return from non congested to congested cell after
HO traffic activation two features should be used:
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Normal phase
Overload phase
Normal phase
Cell A
Cell A
Cell A
In a normal phase incoming HO toward cell A can be alarm HO, PBGT HO, or traffic HO
coming from congested neighbor cells.
As the congestion state is reached on cell A, depending on the cell load state and the
associated parameter, some procedures are engaged to try to set back the cell to a non
congested state:
traffic HO are activated from cell A to its non congested neighbor cells, i.e.
PBGT HO with a smaller margin
traffic HO are disfavored toward congested cell thanks to Handover decision
according to adjacent cell priorities and load feature
HO toward cell A are also disfavored
When the cell A succeed in balancing the excess of traffic it reaches again a non congested
cell and the normal procedures are applicable again.
PARAMETER TUNING
As described hereabove the expected behaviour takes benefit from the Handover for traffic
reasons feature that allows to balance calls in good radio conditions toward neighbor cells via
a traffic HO, from the directed retry HO that balance TCH assignment to neighbor cells, and
from the Handover decision according to adjacent cell priorities and load feature that prevents
from oading the cell with unnecessary incoming HO.
Directed retry parameters settings are summarized in the following chapter 4.5.5 and
hoMarginTrafficOffset and offsetLoad parameters tuning is explained hereunder.
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hoMarginTrafficOffset
Cell A congested
Offset load
One can observe on the above figure that using traffic HO is likely to simulate an increase in
the non congested neighbor cell coverage of hoMarginTrafficOffset dB. In order to prevent
outgoing traffic HO from A to B to come back on A an offsetLoad value equal to
hoMarginTrafficOffset is recommended. In that case any attempt of HO from traffic extended
B cell coverage to A would be discarded.
offsetLoad hoMarginTrafficOffset
Furthermore, the correct setting of the anti ping pong feature sould harden that behaviour for
the PBGT HO from B to A.
LCAUTION!
The following exceptions should be applied:
Timer protection should not be set from cells like: indoor, microcells, special
coverage, or any relation with HOmarginPBGT < 0
Offset load should not be set from cells like: indoor, microcells, special
coverage, or any relation with HOmarginPBGT < 0
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RECOMMENDED PARAMETERS
CONGESTION DETECTION
Parameter
Recommended value
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion
Note: potential ressources for circuit calls including preemptable PDTCH cans be deduced
from the following metric
(C1700 max value (tchFrAveragedAvailableMax) - AllocPriorityThreshold)
Recommended value
hoTraffic (bsc)
enabled
hoTraffic (bts)
enabled
hoMarginTrafficOffset
6 dB
Note: HoMarginTrafficOffset should be tune such as the resulting margin should be equivalent
to the one for rescue HO. This margin can be increase case by case for cell with important
congestion. At on stage it is preferable to add capacity.
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Recommended value
offsetLoad
hoMarginTrafficOffset
Recommended value
hoPingpongCombination
(all, PBGT)
hoPingpongTimeRejection
at least 20s
Recommended value
directedRetryModeUsed
bts
interBscDirectedRetry
allowed
intraBscDirectedRetry
allowed
interBscDirectedRetryFromCell
allowed
intraBscDirectedRetryFromCell
allowed
modeModifyMandatory
used
directedRetry
- 80 dBm
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filteredTrafficCoefficient = 1
hrCellLoadStart = 1 (range [0 to 100])
hrCellLoadEnd = 0 (range [0 to 100])
With this values, the V15.1 like behaviour should be reached after nb_of_inService_DRX*10
seconds.
Note: the behaviour with this configuration is based on a theoretical study of the AMR based
on traffic algorithm.
To prevent HR allocation, it is necessary to set the parameters as following :
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7.
7.1.
ESTABLISHMENT PROCEDURE
SABME: frame to set asynchronous balanced mode (initiate a link for numbered information
transfer).
UA: unnumbered aknowledge
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7.2.
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7.3.
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7.4.
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7.5.
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7.6.
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7.7.
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7.8.
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7.9.
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8.
% Blocking
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
0%
25 %
50 %
75 %
100 %
0,021
0,021
0,022
0,023
0,027
0,223
0,230
0,247
0,284
0,365
0,602
0,630
0,698
0,849
1,177
1,092
1,158
1,324
1,688
2,482
1,657
1,783
2,097
2,787
4,294
2,276
2,483
3,000
4,138
6,621
2,935
3,208
3,882
5,299
8,377
3,627
3,972
4,814
6,502
10,152
4,345
4,767
5,786
7,732
11,922
10
5,084
5,589
6,794
8,982
13,669
11
5,842
6,434
7,833
10,245
15,385
12
6,615
7,299
8,899
11,516
17,056
13
7,401
8,182
9,991
12,790
18,677
14
8,200
9,082
11,106
14,065
20,241
15
9,010
9,978
12,114
15,360
22,004
16
9,829
10,885
13,119
16,655
23,747
17
10,656
11,800
14,119
17,946
25,468
18
11,491
12,724
15,112
19,234
27,164
19
12,333
13,656
16,099
20,516
28,834
20
13,181
14,594
17,077
21,791
30,473
21
14,036
15,540
18,046
23,059
32,082
24,579
34,075
AMR HR penetration
Number of TCH
22
14,896
16,525
19,272
23
15,761
17,520
20,517
26,118
36,081
24
16,631
18,524
21,783
27,678
38,102
25
17,504
19,536
23,068
29,257
40,135
26
18,383
20,558
24,374
30,857
42,182
27
19,265
21,587
25,698
32,474
44,240
28
20,150
22,624
27,041
34,112
46,310
29
21,040
23,669
28,403
35,767
48,391
30
21,932
24,643
29,596
37,200
50,467
31
22,827
25,617
30,791
38,629
52,551
32
23,725
26,593
31,989
40,058
54,645
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24,626
27,569
33,191
41,485
56,748
34
25,529
28,545
34,394
42,908
58,857
35
26,435
29,521
35,600
44,329
60,975
36
27,343
30,498
36,808
45,748
63,100
37
28,254
31,534
37,988
47,248
65,077
38
29,166
32,574
39,169
48,750
67,051
39
30,081
33,618
40,349
50,255
69,023
40
30,997
34,664
41,528
51,761
70,990
41
31,916
35,714
42,708
53,269
72,954
42
32,836
36,768
43,886
54,779
74,914
43
33,758
37,825
45,065
56,290
76,870
44
34,682
38,886
46,242
57,803
78,822
45
35,607
39,815
47,306
59,197
80,555
46
36,534
40,741
48,364
60,585
82,272
47
37,462
41,662
49,414
61,968
83,973
48
38,392
42,580
50,458
63,346
85,658
87,327
49
39,323
43,493
51,494
64,719
50
40,255
44,402
52,523
66,085
88,979
51
41,189
45,308
53,546
67,447
90,616
52
42,124
46,426
54,862
68,982
92,628
53
43,060
47,549
56,184
70,519
94,640
54
43,997
48,678
57,513
72,059
96,654
55
44,936
49,812
58,847
73,600
98,667
56
45,876
50,951
60,187
75,144
100,682
57
46,816
52,095
61,533
76,690
102,697
58
47,758
53,245
62,886
78,237
104,712
59
48,700
54,399
64,243
79,786
106,726
60
49,644
55,344
65,345
81,124
108,458
61
50,589
56,285
66,443
82,456
110,181
62
51,534
57,224
67,537
83,782
111,893
63
52,480
58,158
68,626
85,101
113,592
64
53,428
59,091
69,711
86,414
115,282
65
54,376
60,019
70,792
87,720
116,961
118,865
66
55,325
61,029
71,867
89,092
67
56,275
62,039
72,937
90,459
120,765
68
57,226
63,048
74,003
91,822
122,664
69
58,177
64,057
75,065
93,181
124,559
94,536
126,452
70
59,129
65,065
76,122
71
60,082
66,073
77,174
95,886
128,341
72
61,035
67,080
78,222
97,232
130,227
73
61,990
68,087
79,266
98,574
132,109
74
62,945
69,258
80,665
100,154
134,307
75
63,901
70,434
82,071
101,738
136,512
76
64,857
71,614
83,482
103,323
138,723
77
65,813
72,798
84,900
104,912
140,939
78
66,771
73,987
86,325
106,504
143,163
79
67,729
75,179
87,755
108,098
145,392
80
68,688
76,377
89,192
109,696
147,628
81
69,647
77,340
90,276
111,137
149,435
82
70,607
78,300
91,358
112,578
151,237
83
71,568
79,258
92,434
114,017
153,032
84
72,529
80,215
93,508
115,455
154,822
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73,490
81,169
94,578
116,890
156,606
86
74,452
82,120
95,644
118,324
158,384
87
75,415
83,069
96,706
119,756
160,156
88
76,378
84,016
97,764
121,187
161,922
89
77,342
85,131
99,178
122,918
164,140
90
78,306
86,247
100,596
124,654
166,362
91
79,270
87,365
102,020
126,396
168,590
92
80,235
88,485
103,448
128,144
170,823
93
81,201
89,607
104,882
129,899
173,062
94
82,167
90,732
106,322
131,659
175,307
95
83,133
91,857
107,765
133,424
177,556
96
84,100
92,944
108,975
134,758
179,493
97
85,067
94,033
110,184
136,088
181,428
98
86,035
95,122
111,393
137,415
183,361
99
87,003
96,212
112,601
138,736
185,291
100
87,972
97,303
113,809
140,053
187,220
101
88,941
98,395
115,017
141,366
189,146
102
89,910
99,487
116,223
142,675
191,070
103
90,880
100,581
117,429
143,979
192,993
104
91,850
101,704
118,717
145,583
195,088
147,190
197,185
105
92,820
102,828
120,005
106
93,791
103,955
121,295
148,800
199,284
107
94,763
105,083
122,587
150,412
201,385
108
95,734
106,212
123,880
152,025
203,487
109
96,706
107,342
125,173
153,640
205,590
110
97,678
108,474
126,467
155,257
207,694
111
98,651
109,568
127,684
156,717
209,642
112
99,624
110,663
128,900
158,177
211,588
113
100,597
111,758
130,115
159,634
213,531
114
101,571
112,854
131,331
161,091
215,473
115
102,545
113,951
132,546
162,547
217,414
116
103,519
115,047
133,760
164,001
219,352
117
104,493
116,145
134,974
165,454
221,289
118
105,468
117,244
136,187
166,906
223,224
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9.
9.1.
ABBREVIATIONS
For other abbreviations, refer to [R3].
AMNU
AMR
Adaptative Multi-Rate
AMR-HR
AMR-FR
BCC
BCCH
BCF
BDA
BDE
BER
BIFP
BSC
BSCB
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BSIC
BSS
BTS
CA
Cell Allocation
Radio frequency channel allocated to a cell
CBCH
CC
Call Control
Sublevel of layer 3 on the radio interface charged with managing call
processing
CCCH
CCH
Control Channel
Common or dedicated control channel
CGI
CMC
CPU
CPU-MPU/BIFP
dB
Decibel
Measurement unit of relative power level defined as 10 log10 (P1/P2) where
P1 and P2 are the power levels.
dBm
Power in dB relative to 1 mW
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DLNA
DRX
DTX
Discontinuous Transmission
EFR
EIRP
eMLPP
FACCH
FCCH
FCH
Frequency CHannel
Common frequency synchronization channel
FER
FH
Frequency Hopping
FN
Frame Number
FP
Frame Processor
FR
GSM
GSM 900
Radio Cellular Network standard adapted for the 900 MHz frequency band.
GSM 1800
Radio Cellular Network standard adapted for the 1800 MHz frequency band.
GSM 1900
Radio Cellular Network standard adapted for the 1900 MHz frequency band.
HO
HR
HSN
ICM
L1M
LAC
LAI
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LB
Link Budget
LNA
MA
Mobile Allocation
MAI
MAIO
MCC
MTBF
MEU
MHz
MegaHertz
MMU
MPU
MNC
Mp
Measurement processing
MRC
MS
Mobile Station
MSC
MCL
MTBF
NCC
NMC
NSS
NS/EP
OMC
OMC-R
OMC-S
OMU
OSS
Operation SubSystem
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Power Amplifier
PBGT
Power Budget
PC
Power Control
PCH
Paging CHannel
Common subscriber radio paging channel
PLMN
PSTN
PURQ-AC
RACH
RF
Radio Frequency
RLC
RX
BTS receiver
RXLEV
RXQUAL
SACCH
SCH
Synchronization CHannel
Common time division synchronization channel
SDCCH
SFH
SFH mobile
SICD
SPU
SUP
SUPervision unit
Functional BSC monitoring unit
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SWC
TA
Timing Advance
Alignment process designed to compensate propagation time between a
mobile and base station
TCH
Traffic CHannel
Radio traffic channel
TCH/F
TCH/H
TDMA
TMU
TRX
TS
Time Slot
TSC
TSCB
TX
BTS transmitter
WPS
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9.2.
DEFINITIONS
CODEC MODE
Codec mode is used to designate one of the 8 AMR vocoder and identified using its rate
(12k2, 10k2, 7.95, 7k4, 6k7, 5k9, 5k15, 4k75) give in kbps.
CONCENTRIC CELL
Two concentric geographical zones delimited by distance and level criteria (outer zone and
inner zone).
Innerzone
traffic
channels
Outerzone
BCCH and
signalling
channels
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Outerzone
Innerzone
H2D
H4D
BCCH and
signalling
channels
traffic
channels
ERLANG
Unit of telecommunications traffic intensity.
The number of erlangs represents the average number of resources or circuits occupied
during the peak traffic hour.
FREQUENCY LOAD
Defines the load of a frequency hopping pattern and is evaluated as below:
fl = Nb of hopping TRX in the cell / Nb of frequencies in the hopping law
f1,f2,f3,f4
f1,f2,f3,f4
f1,f2,f3,f4
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f1,f2,f3
f7,f8,f9
f4,f5,f6
MULTIZONE CELL
Used in order to refer following kinds of cell:
concentric cell (see above)
heterogeneous coupling cell (see above)
dual-band cell (see above)
RADIO INTERFACE
Interface between the mobile station (MS) and the BTS.
SPEECH FRAME
Corresponds to 20 ms of speech on the radio interface and theTRAU interface.
TIMING ADVANCE
Delay used to compensate propagation time between mobile and base station.
UM-INTERFACE
See Radio interface
WPS CALL
Call which has priority level set in the Assignment Request or Handover Request between 2
and 6 (3GPP TS 48.008)
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10. INDEX
All the parameters listed in the chapter ALGORITHM PARAMETERS are listed and indexed
here below:
accessClassCongestion, 343
adaptiveReceiver, 449
adjacent cell umbrella ref, 358
allocPriorityTable, 343
allocPriorityThreshold, 344
allocPriorityTimers, 345
allocWaitThreshold, 346
allOtherCasesPriority, 346
amrAdaptationSet, 426, 427, 428
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevDL, 436
amrDirectAllocIntRxLevUL, 436
amrDirectAllocRxLevDL, 435
amrDirectAllocRxLevUL, 435
amrFRIntercellCodecMThresh, 436
amrFRIntracellCodecMThresh, 437
amrHRIntercellCodecMThresh, 437
amrHRtoFRIntracellCodecMThresh, 437
amriRxLevDLH, 438
amriRxLevULH, 438
amrReserved1, 439
amrReserved2, 439
answerPagingPriority, 347
assignRequestPriority, 347
averagingPeriod, 372
baseColourCode, 447
bCCHFrequency_adjacentCellHandover, 398
bCCHFrequency_adjacentCellReselection, 398
bCCHFrequency_bts, 400
biZonePowerOffset_adjacentCellHandover, 362
biZonePowerOffset_handoverControl, 363
bscHopReconfUse, 388
bscMSAccessClassBarringFunction, 348
bscQueueingOption, 348
bsMsmtProcessingMode, 335
bsPowerControl, 335
bssMapT1, 376
bssMapT12, 376
bssMapT13, 376
bssMapT19, 377
bssMapT20, 377
bssMapT4, 377
bssMapT7, 378
bssMapT8, 378
bssMapTchoke, 378
bssPagingCoordination, 448
bssSccpConnEst, 379
bsTxPwrMax, 335
bts Time Between HO configuration, 309
btsHopReconfRestart, 388
btsIsHopping, 389
btsMSAccessClassBarringFunction, 349
btsSMSynchroMode, 446
btsThresholdHopReconf, 389
callClearing, 331
callReestablishment, 297
callReestablishmentPriority, 349
capacityTimeRejection, 415
cellAllocation, 390
cellBarQualify, 350
cellBarred, 350
cellDeletionCount, 305
cellDtxDownLink, 403
cellReselectHysteresis, 284
cellReselectOffset, 285
cellReselInd, 285
cellType_adjacentCellHandover, 329
cellType_bts, 329
channelType, 350
cId, 418
coderPoolConfiguration, 430
compressedModeUTRAN, 418
concentAlgoExtMsRange, 364
concentAlgoExtRxLev, 365
concentAlgoIntMsRange, 364
concentAlgoIntRxLev, 366, 367
concentric cell, 368
cypherModeReject, 449
dARPPh1Priority, 447
data mode 14.4 kbit/s, 404
data non transparent mode_bts, 404
data non transparent mode_signalingPoint, 404
data transparent mode_bts, 405
data transparent mode_signalingPoint, 405
Data14_4OnNoHoppingTs, 404
delayBetweenRetrans, 383
directedRetry, 358
directedRetryModeUsed, 359
directedRetryPrio, 353
distHreqt, 307
distWtsList, 307
diversity, 407
diversityUTRAN, 418
dtxMode, 403
early classmark sending, 396
earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN, 419
emergencyCallPriority, 351
enableRepeatedFacchF, 443
encrypAlgoAssComp, 450
encrypAlgoCiphModComp, 450
encrypAlgoHoPerf, 450
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intraCell, 322
intraCellHOIntPriority, 352
intraCellQueueing, 353
intraCellSDCCH, 322
layer3MsgCyphModeComp, 452
locationAreaCodeUTRAN, 423
lRxLevDLH, 325
lRxLevDLP, 336
lRxLevULH, 325
lRxLevULP, 336
lRxQualDLH, 327
lRxQualDLP, 337
lRxQualULH, 327
lRxQualULP, 337
maio, 392
masterBtsSmId, 447
maxNumberRetransmission, 383
measurementProcAlgorithm, 405
microCellCaptureTimer, 330
microCellStability, 330
minNbOfTDMA, 353
minTimeQualityIntraCellHO, 415
missDistWt, 308
missRxLevWt, 302
missRxQualWt, 300
mobileAllocation, 393
mobileCountryCodeUTRAN, 423
mobileNetworkCodeUTRAN, 423
modeModifyMandatory, 360
msBtsDistanceInterCell, 332
msRangeMax, 332
msTxPwrCCH, 285
msTxPwrMax, 316
msTxPwrMax2ndBand, 338
msTxPwrMaxCell, 317
multi band reporting, 396
nbLargeReuseDataChannels, 411
nbOfRepeat, 384
nCapacityFRRequestedCodec, 441
neighDisfavorOffset, 417
new power control algorithm, 338
nFRRequestedCodec, 441
nHRRequestedCodec, 441
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant, 384
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging, 385
notAllowedAccessClasses, 354
numberOfPwciSamples, 411
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans, 386
numberOfTCHFreeBeforeCongestion, 354
numberOfTCHFreeToEndCongestion, 354
numberOfTCHQueuedBeforeCongestion, 355
numberOfTCHQueuedToEndCongestion, 355
offsetLoad, 318
offsetPriority, 318
offsetPriorityUTRAN, 423
otherServicesPriority, 356
pagingOnCell, 387
pcmErrorCorrection, 409
penaltyTime, 286
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selfAdaptActivation, 416
selfTuningObs, 412
servingBandReporting, 296
servingBandReportingOffset, 296
servingfactorOffset, 416
siteGsmFctList, 406
small to large zone HO priority, 369
smartPowerManagementConfig, 452, 453
smartPowerSwitchOffTimer, 452
smsCB, 414
speechMode_bts, 413
speechMode_signallingPoint, 413
standard indicator AdjC_adjacentCellHandover,
397
standard indicator
AdjC_adjacentCellReselection, 398
standardIndicator, 400
synchronized, 321
t3101, 379
t3103, 380
t3107, 380
t3109, 381
t3111, 381
t3121, 425
t3122, 382
temporaryOffset, 288
thresholdInterference, 374
timeBetweenHOConfiguration, 321
timerPeriodicUpdateMS, 382
tnOffset, 446
trafficPCMAllocationPriority, 394
transceiver equipment
class_transceiverEquipment, 369
transceiver equipment class_transceiverZone,
370
transceiverZone, 370
uMTSAccessMinLevel, 289
uMTSReselectionARFCN, 289, 290
uMTSReselectionOffset, 290
uMTSSearchLevel, 291
uplinkPowerControl, 341
uRxLevDLP, 341
uRxLevULP, 342
uRxQualDLP, 342
uRxQualULP, 342
wPSManagement, 445
wPSQueueStepRotation, 445
zone Tx power max reduction, 371
zoneFrequencyHopping, 394
zoneFrequencyThreshold, 394
Z END OF DOCUMENT Y
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