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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Time Allowed: 3 Hours
200
Maximum Marks:
Instructions:
1. For full credit, answer all questions.
2. There will be no negative marking.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION A
1)
(i).
A mixture of Ethyl Acetate vapor and air has a relative saturation of 50 percent at
30 C and a total pressure of 100 kN / m2. If the vapor pressure of Ethyl Acetate at
30 C is 16 kN / m3,
(a).
The
percentage
of
air
.
(b).
The
molal
saturation
..
(ii).
is
is
(a).
The heat of formation of gaseous n-Heptane at 25 C is
(b).
The heat of formation of gaseous Ethyl Alcohol at 25 C is
2.
(i).
The viscosity of CO at 1 bar and 27 C is 0.000015 Ns/m2. Estimate the viscosity of
CO at 1 bar and
327 C.
(ii).
The hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between pipes of diameter 0.4 m
and 0.6 m is
(iii).
Bernoullis equation for steady frictionless flow states that, along a streamline,
(A) Total pressure is constant
(B) Total mechanical energy is constant
(C) Velocity head is constant
(D) None of the above
(iv).
The pressure drop required for fluidizing a coal bed with a liquid petroleum fraction
of viscosity 0.015 Ns/m2 is 103 N/m3. The pressure drop is required for fluidizing the
same bed with an oil of viscosity 0.03
Ns/m2 is
3.
(i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
4.
(i).
(ii).
For baffled vessels and when Reynolds number is less than 300.
For unbaffled vessels and Reynolds number is greater than 300.
When there is no vortex formation.
When
Reynolds
number
is
less
than
300.
Two very small silica particles are settling at their respective terminal velocities
through a highly viscous oil column. If one particle is twice as large as the other, the
larger particle will take the time taken by the smallest particle to fall through
the same height.
To increase the capacity of a commercial packed bed absorber, the volumetric flow
rate of gas entering is increased by 20%. The ratio of pressure drops (new to old) is
(iii).
(A)
Only heat transfer area is augmented.
(B)
Only film coefficient is augmented.
(C)
Both heat transfer area and film coefficient are augmented.
(D)
None of the above.
Grashof number is associated with,
(A)
Buoyancy effects.
(B)
Free convection.
(C)
Forced convection.
(D)
(iv).
5.
(i).
High
temperature
difference.
A black body of finite dimension at 1000 K is inserted into an infinite medium at 300
K. Given Stefan Boltzman constant as 1.8x10-5W/m2K4, the radiative heat transfer
coefficient is
In the absorption of solute gas from a mixture containing inert in a solvent, it has
been found that the overall gas transfer coefficient is nearly equal to the individual gas
film transfer coefficient. It may therefore be concluded that,
(A)
(B)
(C)
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
6.
(i).
(ii).
(B)
Independent of the solid thickness.
(C)
Inversely proportional to the solid thickness.
(D)
Directly proportional to the square of solid thickness.
Lewis number = 1 signifies,
(A)
Pr = Sc
(B)
Pr = Re
(C)
Sc = Re
(D)
Nu = Sh
A binary hydrocarbon liquid mixture of A and B (K = 1.5) containing 60 mole
percent A in flash vaporized. The mole fraction of A in the liquid product is
and
of extent x and
(1-x) respectively. Write down expressions for the pressure and the specific enthalpy
of the system as a whole in terms of the properties P , P .,h , h .
(iii)
The maximum work obtainable from a closed system under isothermal operation is
given by ; For one mole of an ideal gas expanding isothermally to twice its
volume , this is equal to ..
(iv)
The minimum work required for steady isothermal compression of a real gas is given
by .; For one mole of an ideal gas that is compressed isothermally from one to
two atmosphere , this is equal to
7.
(i) An exothermic gas phase reaction proceeds according to the equation
3A+2B 2R. The equilibrium conversion for this reaction
(a) increases with an increase in temperature
(b) decreases on dilation with an inert gas
(c) decreases with an increase in pressure
(d) is unaffected by the presence of catalyst
(ii) What is the exit conversion of reactant A for a zero order reaction taking place in a CSTR
with the following data (rate constant= 1 mol/min.L); feed concentration = 1 mol/L;
feed flow rate = 0.5 L/min and reactor volume = 1L
(A) 50%
(B) 75%
(c) 100%
(d) 200%
(iii).
(iv).
rA = 2 rB
rA = rB
none of the above
8.
(i).
(ii).
(iii).
Series. ?
(B)
Parallel.?
for a unit
9.
(i).
(ii).
10. .
(A)
Carbon steel.
(B)
5 Cr 1/8 Mo steel
(C)
Cast steel.
(D)
Stainless steel.
Catalyst for platforming of petroleum feedstock is,
(A)
Pt + Re
(B)
Pt + Rh
(C)
Pt
(D)
Pt + CO
SECTION B
11.
(i).
Pure propane (C5H8) is burnt in an excess of air to give following analysis of
combustion products in volume percent:
CO2 = 5.0, CO = 3.5, H2 O = 11.4, O2 = 7.0 and N2 = 73.1
Calculate the percentage of excess air used.
(ii).
For the reaction A B, the process flow diagram is shown in figure.1.The fresh feed
of A contents 0.5 % of inert by volume. 80% conversion per pass of A fed to the reactor is
obtained. The concentration of inert going into the reactor (after mixing with the recycle
stream) must be held at 2% by volume. All streams are ideal gases and the process is at
steady state. How many moles need to be recycled per mole of total feed to the reactor at (1).
12.
(i).
Nikuradse developed a semitheoretical correlation for f vs. Re for steady turbulent
flow in smooth pipes (105 < Re < 107):
.
3
13.
(i).
Water flowing at 1.5 L/s in a 0.05m diameter tube is metered by means of a simple
orifice of diameter 0.025m. If coefficient of discharge is 0.62, what will be the
reading on a mercury-under-water manometer connected to the meter? Density of
water = 1000 kg/m3; Viscosity of water = 0.001 Ns/m2; Density of mercury 13,600
kg/m3.
A mixture of coal and sand particles having size smaller than 1x 10-4 m in diameter is
to be separated by screening and subsequent elutriation by water. Recommend a
screen aperture such that the oversize from the screen can be separated completely
into sand and coal particles by elutriation. Calculate also the required water velocity.
Assume that Stokes law is applicable. Density of sand = 2650 kg/m3; Density of coal
= 1350 kg/m3; Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 ; Viscosity of water = 1 x 10-3 kg/m.s; g
= 9.81 m/s.
(ii).
14.
(i).
A filtration is carried out for 10 min at a constant rate in a leaf filter and there after it
is continued at constant pressure which is attained at the end of the constant rate
period. If one quarter of the total value of the filtrate is collected during the constant
rate period. What is the total filtration time? Assume that the cake is incompressible
and that the filter medium resistance is negligible.
In a 11 shell and tube heat exchanger, steam is condensing on the shell side at TS C,
and the cold fluid is being heated on the tube side from t1 C to t2 C. The following
equation relates t2 to the other variables.
Where U is the overall heat transfer coefficient, A is the heat transfer area, W is the
mass flow rate and CP is the heat capacity. The tube side coefficient is controlling and the
tube side fluid is in turbulent flow. TS = 130 C, t1 = 30 C, t2 = 80 C. If the mass flow rate of
the cold fluid is double while keeping all the other conditions it, find the new value of t2 at
steady state.
(ii).
A hot fluid flows through a well-mixed stirred tank which is provided with a cooling
jacket. The fluid in the cooling jacket can also be assumed to be well mixed. Calculate
the heat transfer area of the jacket required given the following data,
Hot fluid:
Flow rate,
Wh = 50 kg/s;
Tih = 205 C;
Cold fluid:
15.
(i).
Flow rate,
Cph = 2 kJ/kg C;
WC = 100 kg/s;
tin = 25 C, tout = 45 C;
Cpc = 4 kJ/kg C;
U = 2.5 kW/m2 C;
0.56
0.76
If the latent heat of vaporization is the same for all mixtures and if the feed is a
saturated liquid, calculate,
(a) The reflex ratio,
(b) Vapor rate in the striping section in kg moles /hr.
(ii).
Drying of food is carried out in an insulated tray. The drying air has a partial pressure
of water equal to 2380 Pa and a wet bulb temperature of 30 C. The product has a
drying surface of 0.05 m2 /kg dry solid. The material has a critical rate in the falling
rate period which is proportional to the moisture content and the mass transfer
coefficient is 5.34 x 10-4 kg /m2 hr Pa. Calculate,
(a)
(b)
(iii).
16.
(i).
Solid calcium oxalate dissociates at high temperature into solid calcium carbonate
and carbon monoxide,
CaC2O4 (S) = CaCO3 (S) + CO (g);
The equilibrium pressure of CO between 670 and 700 K is given by P (atm) = 14.4
9600 / T where T is in K. Assuming ideal behavior, calculate G , H and S at
675 K.
(ii).
Benzene (1) and perfluoro-n-heptane (2) partially miscible below 113.4 C. At 100 C,
for example, a binary mixture of two separates into two liquid phases, a benzene rich
phase and a perfluoro-n-heptane rich phase . The excess Gibbs free energy for the
liquid mixture is well represented by Porters equation:
gE / RT = 2.27.x1x2.
Calculate x1 and x1 at equilibrium.
17.
(i).
What would be the order of this reaction at very high and very low pressures?
(ii).
For an elementary reaction, A + B Products, the reaction rate is 500 K is ten times
that at 400 K. Calculate the activation energy of this reaction.
(iii).
18.
(i).
(ii)
19.
(i).
For a 1-1 fixed tube sheet heat exchanger, the following data are given,
Design inside pressure: Shell side = 103 kN /m2;
Tube side = 2 x 103 kN /m2;
Design temperature;
Shell side = 50 C;
Tube side = 150 C;
Allowable stress value at both design temperatures is 1.2 x 103 kN /m2. Shell inside
diameter = 0.6m, corrosion allowance (for shell and headers) = 3 x10-3 m and Joint
efficiency = 1. Find to the nearest mm,
(a)
(b)
(ii)
For a project having a life of ten years the following cash flow pattern is expected,
End of years
Net cash flow (Rs.)
0
-50,00,000
1 10
20,00,000
10
-1,50,00,000
If the expected interest rate is 20 percent, what is your recommendation about implementing
the project?
20.
(i).
While SO2 + O2 SO3 is a low pressure process; N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is a highpressure process.
(ii).
The dihydrate process is preferred to the hemihydrates process for the manufacture of
commercial grade ortho phosphoric acid from its ores and sulphuric acid.
(iii).
Under Indian conditions caustic soda of 50% concentration can be best prepared by
the Mercury Cell Technology.