INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006

Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
(30 points) Problem One: Let x[n] represent an input to a filter with impulse response h[n] .
For x[ n] = [n] + 2 [n 1] and h[ n] = 2 [n] 2 [n 1] , perform the following tasks:
(10 points) (1a) Calculate X ( ) and H ( ) , the DTFT of x[n] and h[n] , respectively.
(10 points) (1b) Find the output y[n] by taking the inverse Fourier transform of the product of
these transforms. That is, use the following formula:

1 = +
1 = +
+ jn
( X ( ) H ( ))e + jn d
y[n] =
Y ( )e
d =

2 =
2 =
(10 points) (1c) Check your answer by using the convolution sum formula for the linear
convolution. That is, use the following formula:

y[n] =

k = +

x[k ]h[n k ];

nZ

k =

Solution One:
Solution (1a)
X ( ) =

H ( ) =

n = +

jn

x[n]e

h[n]e jn =

n =
n = +

n =

n = +

( [n] + 2 [n 1])e jn = 1 + 2e j

n =
n = +

2( [n] 2 [n 1])e jn = 2 2e j

n =

Solution (1b)
Y ( ) =

n = +

y[n]e jn = X ( ) H ( ) = (1 + 2e j )(2 2e j )

n =

Y ( ) = (1 + 2e j )(2 2e j ) = 2 + 2e j 4e 2 j

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
Solution (1c)
A First Approach to the Solution:
From our previous result we can generalize the following identity:

F { [n k 0 ]} = e jk 0 ;

Using the uniqueness condition of the Fourier transform, which states that for every signal
there exists a unique spectrum or Fourier transform, we arrive at the following identity:

F 1 e jk 0 = [n k 0 ];

nZ

Using this last identity, we arrive at the following result:

F 1 2 + 3e j 2e j 2 = 2 [n] + 3 [n 1] 2 [n 2];

nZ

A Second Approach to the Solution:

1 = +
1 = +
+ jn
( X ( ) H ( ))e + jn d
Start with the expression: y[ n] =
Y ( )e
d =

2 =
2 =
Proceed to substitute for the expression Y ( ) = 2 + 3e

2e 2 j to obtain

1 = +
y[n] =
2 + 3e j 2e 2 j e + jn d

2 =

1 = + + jn
1 = + j + jn
1 = + 2 j + jn
y[n] =
e
d
(2)e d + 2 3e e d 2 2e
2 =
=
=

2 e+ jn e jn 3 e+ j(n1) e j (n1) 2 e+ j(n2) e j(n2)

y[n] =
+ 2
2

(
)
2
jn
j
n
1
j(n 2)

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
We continue by introducing the following identity (using LHpitals rule):

sin n
sin n 1, n = 0
or
= [ n]
=
0
,

0
n
n
n

Using the above identity, we arrive at the following result:

y[n] =

2 sin n 3 sin (n 1) 2 sin (n 2 )

+

n
(n 1) (n 2)

Finally,

y[n] = 2 [n] + 3 [n 1] 2 [n 2];

nZ

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
(20 points) Problem Two: Compute the Z-transform, identifying the R.O.C., of a filter with
impulse response signal given by the following expression:

T { [n]} = h[n] = 3( 12 ) n u[n] 2(3) n u[n 1]

Solution Two:
The Z-transform of the signal h[n] = 3( 1 ) u[ n] 2(3) u[ n 1] is obtained as follows:
n

2
n
1 n
3( 2 ) u[n] 2(3) u[ n 1]
3( 12 ) n u[n] + Z 2(3) n u[ n

{
Z {h[n]} = Z {
Z {h[n]} = Z

} {

1]

The Z-transform of first term of the expression, or 3( 1 ) u[ n] (causal), is

n

Z 3( 12 ) n u[n] = 3 ( 12 ) n z n =
n=0

( 21z )n = 31 +

n=0

1
2z

=3

2z
z
=3
;
2z + 1
z + 12

z > 12

The Z-transform of second term of the expression, or 2(3) u[ n 1] (anti-causal), is

n

Z 2(3) n u[ n 1] = 2

n = 1

(3) n z n = 2

n =

n = 1

( 3z ) n = 2

n =

m=

m =1

( 3z ) m

Continuing with taking the Z-transforms of the causal expression, we obtain

Z 2(3) n u[ n 1] = 2

m = z m m = z m
1
3 m

(
)
2
(
)
2
1
(
)
2
1
;
=

z
3
3
z
m =1
m =1
m=0
1 3

m=

Finally, Z-transform of the anti-causal expression results in

3 2z
1
3 z 3
+
;
=

=
2
Z 2(3) n u[ n 1] = 21
2
1

1 z 3 z z 3 z 3 z 3
3

For the Z-transform of the signal h[n] , we then have

z
2z
5z 2 8z
Z {h[n]} = 3
+
=
;
z + 12 z 3 z 12 ( z 3)

With R.O.C.

z <3

{12 < z < 3}

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________

(25 points) Problem Three: Use two delayed unit delta sequences (you select the
value of n0 ) [n n0 ], n Z 4 (on the right hand side of the identity) and two
+j

2nk0
4

, n Z 4 , (on
complex exponential sequences (you select the value of k0 ) e
the left hand side of the identity) to establish the following identity known as the
frequency-domain cyclic convolution theorem:
DFT {x[n] o v[n]} = 14 DFT {x[n]} 4 DFT {v[n]}

Solution Three:
Let s[n] define the product of the signals x[n] and v[n] . We then have the problem restated as
follows:

DFT{s[n]} = DFT{x[n] v[n]} = 14 DFT{x[n]} 4 DFT{v[n]}

To simplify the work, proceed to use as examples the following set of signals:

x[n] = W4 n

v[n] = W4 n

+ 1
+ j
= , n Z 4
1

j
+ 1
+ j
= , n Z 4
1

j

Thus, we have the following signal equality:

x[n] = v[n] = W4 n

+ 1
+ j
= , n Z 4
1

j

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
The same equality will be satisfied in the spectral domain: X [ k ] = V [ k ]
We then have the following product:

+ 1
1
2n
x[n] v[n] = W4
= , n Z 4
+ 1

1
Taking the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the signals x[n] and v[n] results in
+ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 0
+ 1 j 1 + j + j 4
n
= = 4 [k 1]; k Z 4
X [k ] = V [k ] = F4W4 =
+ 1 1 + 1 1 1 0

+ 1 + j 1 j j 0

Taking the DFT of the product s[ n] = x[n] v[ n] results in

S [k ] = F4W4 2 n

+ 1
+ 1
=
+ 1

+ 1

+ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 0
j 1 + j 1 0
= = 4 [k 2] ,
1 + 1 1 + 1 4

+ j 1 j 1 0

k Z4

Proceeding to convolve the spectra on the right hand side of the frequency convolution theorem
results in
3
1
{4 [k 1] 4 4 [k 1]} = 1 4 [m 1]4 [ k m 1 4 ]
4
4 m=0
The above sum is only valid for m = 1 , producing the following result:
1
1 3
X [k ] 4 V {k ] = {4 [k 1] 4 4 [k 1]} = 4 [m 1]4 [ k m 1 4 ] = 4 [k 2]
4
4 m=0

X [k ] 4 V {k ] =

Thus, we arrive at the desired result

DFT{s[n]} = DFT{x[n] v[n]} =

1
{DFT{x[n]} 4 DFT{v[n]}}
N

INEL 5309-070 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING I

EXAM ONE - SOLUTIONS April 19, 2006
Prof. Domingo Rodrguez

Student:____________________________________I.D. No.___________
(25 points) Problem Four: Obtain the impulse response of an ideal low pass filter with linear
phase whose frequency response is given by the following expression:

e jn0 ; m
H ( ) =
0; Otherwise

Solution Four:
We start by using the definition of the inverse discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT) to obtain:

1
h[n] =
2

= +

H ( )e

+ jn

1
d =
2

= +

jn0 + jn

1
d =
2

= + m

e jn0 e + jn d

= m

We then proceed to simplify:

1
h[n] =
2

= + m

jn0 + jn

= m

1
d =
2

= +

= + m

e + j ( n n0 ) d

= m

m
1
1
h[n] =
= e + j ( n n0 ) d =
2 =
2
m

e + jm ( n n0 ) e jm ( n n0 )
1

1
j (n n0 )

+ j ( n n0 )
e jm ( n n0 ) m sin ( m (n n0 ))
1 1 e m

h[n] =
=

(
n
n
)
2
j

(
n
n
)

0
m
0

Thus, we get the following result:

sin ( m (n n0 )) m

=
h[n] = m
sinc m (n n0 )

m (n n0 )