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Keswick School 1
3. (a) (i) any one from:
• they are positive / cations
• they are H+
• opposite charges attract 1
ignore atom
(b) 6 and 2 1
accept correct multiples and fractions
Keswick School 2
(ii) lithium nitride
assume that ‘it’ or if they do not specify means lithium nitride
assume lithium / lithium nitrate refers to lithium nitride
• hydrogen is bonded / held / absorbed / has formed a
compound / reacted with lithium nitride 1
plus one of:
• does not explode / cause a fire
• is not free / less hydrogen
• is not under pressure
• does not leak
• is only released slowly
• compound of hydrogen with lithium nitride / product is
(more) stable / less reactive / less chance of a reaction 1
accept converse for hydrogen as below
assume that gas / hydrogen means gas in the cylinder
• hydrogen (in cylinder) / gas is not bonded / held
absorbed / in a compound / reacted with lithium
nitride
plus one of:
• can explode / cause a fire
• is free
• is under pressure
• can leak
• releases quickly
Keswick School 3
(e) (i) loss of an electron or loses electrons 1
do not accept any ref. to oxygen
Keswick School 4
(b) free electrons or electrons move 1
(allow metal) atoms / ions to slide over each other 1
OR
bonding non - directional for 2 marks
[4]
6. (a) Mg S O4 2
24 + 32 + 16 (× 4) or 64 / evidence of all Ar’s
gains 1 mark
but (Mr) = 120
gains 2 marks
7. (a) 25.4(%) 2
correct answer with or without working
accept 25(%)
accept 25.433....(%)
allow 26(%) for 1 mark
if incorrect answer 1 mark for identification of 44 as Mr of
useful product
or 173 as total Mr of reactants / products
Keswick School 5
(b) ignore references to energy / cheaper / profit / cost / efficient
any two sensible ideas from eg:
• no / less waste
• less materials / reactants needed / used
• fewer / no environmental problems or less / no pollution
• better for sustainable development / resources running out
• more useful use of atoms
• less purification / separation of products owtte 2
Keswick School 6
(ii) increased (rate) / faster / speeds up etc 1
two marks are linked
more collisions or increased 1
concentration or particles closer
together
greater chance of more successful collisions
9. (i) electrolysis 1
(ii) oxidation 1
(iv) H + + e– 1
H2 1
ignore any state symbols
2H+ + 2e– → H2 1
Keswick School 7
10. (a) any two from: 2
• outer shell electrons / electrons in
highest energy level (in metals)
• electrons are delocalised / sea of electrons
• electrons are free or electrons move around
or electrons are free to flow or electrons
attracted to positive terminal
• electrons carry charge / current or electrons
form the current / electrons transfer charge / electrons
pass charge
ignore electrons carry electricity
ignore reference to positively charged atoms / ions
if they state electrons have +ve charge = max 1 mark
if they state covalent bonding then max 1 mark
Keswick School 8
11. (a) rate of reaction is increased 4
iron/powder
acts as catalyst
at higher temperatures
at higher pressures
any 4 answers for 1 mark each
Keswick School 9
(b) any one from: 1
• may be toxic (to cells / specific cells)
allow may harm / damage / kill cells / organs / tissues or may
cause cancer
• to ensure safety or reduce risk or risk of litigation
allow may cause allergies / side effects
ignore harmful / dangerous unqualified eg harmful to body /
people
• nanoparticles may have different properties
• to see if they pass into the body
Keswick School 10
13. (a) C H O
0.60 0.15 0.40 1
12 1 16
= 0.05 = 0.15 = 0.025 1
2 6 1 1
C2H6O 1
1 mark for dividing the correct amount or multiples of correct
amount by Ar
1 mark for proportions
1 mark for whole number ratio – accept any multiple
1 mark for correctly written simplest formula
correct formula without working gets only 2 marks
correct formula gains full marks
provided steps 1 and 2 are correct.
ecf can be allowed from step 2 to 3 or step 3 to 4
formula can be in any order eg OH6C2
Keswick School 11
(ii) any two from:
idea from text linked with an explanation
• the company claim to have tested the product:
but we cannot be certain they have or how thorough they
are or how accurately reported
• companies did not disclose how they did their tests:
so they could not be checked or so they could not be
shown to be reliable / valid or so they could not be repeated
or converse
eg companies should disclose how they did their tests so that
results can be checked etc.
• companies may not have repeated their tests:
so they may not be reliable
• companies do their own tests:
so they may be biased or so they may not be truthful
about their results or so they may not be reliable
or converse
eg independent tests should be done so as to ensure there is no
bias etc.
• the companies are using different tests:
so the results cannot be compared or so results will be
different or so results will not be fair / valid / reliable
or converse
eg companies should do the same tests so that the results will
be fair etc.
• companies would not give false information because of
damage to reputation or it might lead to litigation 2
[9]
Keswick School 12