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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
The study of electric
charges at rest,
rest the
forces between them
and the electric fields
associated with them.
CHAPTER 16:
Electrostatics
(4 Hours)
1
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.1
Qq
kQq
F=
= 2
2
4 0 r
r
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Q1
Q2
Figure 3.1
Mathematically,
kQ1Q2
Q1Q2
F=
F
2
2
r
r
where
F : magnitude of electrostatic force
Q1 , Q2 : magnitude of charges
r : distance between two point charges
k : electrostatic (Coulomb) constant = 9.0 109 N m 2 C3 2
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
1
, hence the Coulombs law can be written as
Since k =
4 0
1 Q1Q2
2
F =
4 0 r
where 0 : permittivity of free space (vacuum or air)
( 0 = 8.85 10 12 C 2 N 1 m 2 )
If Q1 and Q2 are charges of opposite sign,
sign the force (F) acting
on each charge is attractive as shown in Figure 3.2.
Q1
+
Q2
-
Figure 3.2
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Gradient,
m = kQ1Q2
0
Simulation 19.1
Figure 3.3a
1
r2
Figure 3.3b
5
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Q = ne
where e : fundamental amount of charge, 1.6 10 -19 C
Q : electric charge
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Coulombs law
Gm1m2
Fg =
r2
Table 3.1
kQ1Q2
Fe =
r2
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.1
Two point charges, Q1= 85 C and Q2= 50 C are separated by a
distance of 3.5 cm as shown in Figure 3.4.
Q1
Q2
+
3.5 cm
Figure 3.4
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution :
Q1 = 85 10 6 C; Q2 = 50 10 6 C; r = 3.5 10 2 m
Q1
Q2
+
where
F21
F12
3.5 cm
kQ1Q2
F12 =
r2
9.0 109 85 10 6 50 10 6
F12 =
2 2
3.5 10
Direction :
)(
(
)(
)
)
10
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
Solution : Q1 = 85 10 C; Q2 = 50 10 C; r
b. By applying the Coulombs law equation, thus
kQ1Q2
F21 =
r2
9.0 109 85 10 6 50 10 6
F21 =
2 2
3.5 10
)(
(
)(
)
= 3.5 10 2 m
Direction :
Note:
F12 = F21
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.2 :
Three point charges lie along the x-axis as shown in Figure 3.5.
Q1 = 12 C
Q2 = 20 C
+
12 cm
Q3 = 36 C
+
20 cm
Figure 3.5
a. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the total electrostatic
force exerted on Q1.
b. Suppose the charge Q2 can be moved left or right along the line
connecting the charges Q1 and Q3. Determine the distance from
12
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 12 10 6 C; Q2 = 20 10 6 C; r12 = 12 10 2 m
Q3 = 36 10 6 C; r13 = 32 10 2 m
Q1
Q2
Q3
F21
Solution : Q1
a.
F31
r12
r13
F21 =
F21 =
Q1Q2
2
4 0 r12
(12 10 )( 20 10 )
4 (8.85 10 )(12 10 )
6
12
2 2
Direction :
13
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 12 10 6 C; Q2 = 20 10 6 C; r12 = 12 10 2 m
Q3 = 36 10 6 C; r13 = 32 10 2 m
12 10 6 36 10 6
Q1Q3
F31 =
F31 =
2
12
2 2
4 0 r13
4 8.85 10
32 10
F31 = 37.9 N
Solution : Q1
a. and
(
(
)(
)(
F1 = F21 + F31
F1 = F21 F31
Direction :
14
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 12 10 6 C; Q2 = 20 10 6 C; Q3 = 36 10 6 C
; r13 = 32 10 2 m
Q1
Q2 F
Q3
F12
32
Solution : Q1
b.
r13 x
r13
F12 = F32
Q1Q2
Q2Q3
=
2
2
4 0 r12
4 0 r23
12 10 6
(32 10
36 10 6
=
x2
15
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.3 :
Figure 3.6 shows three point charges that lie in the x-y plane in a
vacuum.
Q = 6.0 C
17
+
Q2 = 4.0 C
20 cm
12 cm
Figure 3.6
Q3 = 5.0 C
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 6.0 10 6 C; Q2 = 4.0 10 6 C;
Q3 = 5.0 10 6 C; r12 = 20 10 2 m;
r23 = 12 10 2 m
Q1
Solution : Q1
r
17 12
F12
73 F32
+
r23
Q2
Q3
kQ1Q2
F12 =
2
r12
F21 =
2 2
17
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 6.0 10 6 C; Q2 = 4.0 10 6 C;
Q3 = 5.0 10 6 C; r12 = 20 10 2 m;
r23 = 12 10 2 m
kQ2Q3
9.0 109 4.0 10 6 5.0 10 6
F32 =
F32 =
2
2 2
r23
12 10
Solution : Q1
)(
(
)(
F12
F32
x-component (N)
y-component (N)
F12 cos 73
F12 sin 73
F32 = 12.5
0
18
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution :
Therefore
F2 =
F2 x ) +
2
F2 y )
F2 =
Q2 is
(14.1)
+ ( 5.16 )
= tan
F2 y
F2 x
19
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.4 :
15.0 cm
0.600 C
0.900 C
Figure 3.7
(Physics,7th edition,
Cutnell&Johnson, Q23, p.569)
20
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 0.600 10 6 C; Q2 = 0.900 10 6 C;
m1 = 80 10 3 kg; r = 15.0 10 2 m;
Solution : Q1
T sin
T cos
Q1
m1 g
21
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 0.600 10 6 C; Q2 = 0.900 10 6 C;
m1 = 80 10 3 kg; r = 15.0 10 2 m;
Solution : Q1
Therefore
F= 0
Fx = 0
T sin = F
kQ1Q2
T sin =
r2
Fy = 0
and
and
kQ1Q2
F=
r2
T cos = m1 g
T sin
kQ1Q2
=
(1) (2):
T cos
m1 gr 2
(1)
(2)
22
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 0.600 10 6 C; Q2 = 0.900 10 6 C;
m1 = 80 10 3 kg; r = 15.0 10 2 m;
Solution : Q1
b. i.
tan =
2 2
(
)
(
80 10 )( 9.81)
T=
T cos15.4 = 80 10 3 ( 9.81)
3
cos15.4
23
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.1 :
Given 0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2
1.
24
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.1 :
3.
+Q
Q +
w
Q +
+Q
Figure 3.8
The dimension of the rectangle are l = 60.0 cm and
w = 15.0 cm. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
resultant electric force exerted on the charge at the lower left
corner by the other three charges.
(Physics for scientists and engineers,6th edition,Serway&Jewett,
Q57, p.735)
25
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.2
F
E=
q0
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
field direction
+Q
28
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
b. Single negative charge
field direction
(the lines point radially inward
the charge)
Figure 3.9b
c. Two equal point charges of opposite sign, +Q and Q
field direction
(the lines are curved
and they are directed
from the positive
charge to the
negative charge.
+Q
Figure 3.9c
-Q
29
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
d. Two equal positive charges, +Q and +Q
(point X is neutral point )
is defined as a point
(region) where the
total electric force is
zero.
zero
It lies along the
vertical dash line.
line
Field direction
+Q
+Q
Figure 3.9d
e. Two opposite unequal charges,
+2Q and Q
Field direction
+2 +
Q
30
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Field direction
Figure 3.9f
Simulation 19.2
31
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Mathematically,
F
E=
q0
where E
: electric field strength
F : electric force
q0 : test charge
It is a vector quantity.
The unit of electric field strength is N C1 OR V m 1.
The magnitude of electric field strength is given by
F
E=
q0
32
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
kQq0
Since F =
, then the equation of electric field strength can
2
r
be written as
kQq0
2
kQ
Q
r
E
=
E = 2 OR
E=
2
4
r
r
q0
0
Note:
33
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
q0 (+ ve)
r
Figure 3.10a
b. Negative test charge
q0 ( ve)
r
Figure 3.10b
34
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
q0 (+ ve)
r
Figure 3.10c
b. Negative test charge
E
r
Figure 3.10d
F
q0 ( ve)
Simulation 19.3
35
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.5 :
Two point charges, Q1= 3.0 C and Q2= 5.0 C, are placed
12 cm and 30 cm from the point P respectively as shown in Figure
3.11.
Q1
Q2
12 cm
30 cm
Figure 3.11
Determine
a. the magnitude and direction of the electric field intensity at P,
b. the nett electric force exerted on q0= +1 C if it is placed at P,
c. the distance of a point from Q1 where the electric field intensity
is zero.
(Given electrostatic constant, k = 9.00 109 N m2 C2)
36
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 3.0 10 6 C; Q2 = 5.0 10 6 C;
r1 = 12 10 2 m; r2 = 30 10 2 m
Q2
Q1
E1P P
E2 P
Solution : Q1
a.
r1
r2
kQ1
E1P = 2
r1
E1P =
(9.00 10 )(3.0 10 )
(12 10 )
6
2 2
Direction :
37
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 3.0 10 6 C; Q2 = 5.0 10 6 C;
r1 = 12 10 2 m; r2 = 30 10 2 m
Solution : Q1
a. and
kQ2
E2 P = 2
r2
E2 P =
(9.00 10 )(5.0 10 )
(30 10 )
6
2 2
E2 P = 5.00 10 N C
5
EP = E1P + E2P
EP = E1P + E2P
EP = 1.88 106 + 5.00 105
Direction :
38
PHYSICS
Solution :
b. Given q0
CHAPTER 16
6
= 1.0 10 C
FP
EP =
q0
FP = q0 EP
Direction :
39
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 3.0 10 6 C; Q2 = 5.0 10 6 C;
r12 = 42 10 2 m
Q2
Q1
E
E1A A 2 A
Solution : Q1
c.
r12
r12 x
E1A = E2 A
kQ1 kQ2
=
2
2
r1A
r2 A
3.0 10 6
5.0 10 6
=
2
2
2
x
( 42 10 x )
40
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.6 :
Two point charges, Q1= 2.0 nC and
3.0 cm apart as shown in Figure 3.12.
Q1
3.0 cm
Q2
4.0 cm
Figure 3.12
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 2.0 10 9 C; Q2 = 3.2 10 9 C;
r1M = 5.0 10 2 m; r2 M = 4.0 10 2 m
3
sin = = 0.6
Q1 5
4
5.0 cm
cos = = 0.8
3.0 cm
5
E1M
E2 M
M
+
4.0 cm
Q2
Solution : Q1
E1M =
Q1
2
4 0 r1M
E1M =
2.0 10 9
4 8.85 10
12
)(5.0 10 )
2 2
42
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution : Q1
r1M
E2 M =
= 2.0 10 9 C; Q2 = 3.2 10 9 C;
= 5.0 10 2 m; r2 M = 4.0 10 2 m
Q2
2
4 0 r2 M
E2 M =
(3.2 10 )
4 (8.85 10 )( 4.0 10 )
9
12
2 2
E1M cos
E1M
3
E2 M
SUM
E1M sin
E2 M = 1.80 10 4
0
E x = 1.23 10 4
E y = 4.31 103
43
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution :
Therefore
EM =
EM =
Ex ) +
2
Ey )
(1.23 10 ) + ( 4.31 10 )
4 2
3 2
Ey
= tan
E
x
4
.
31
10
1
= tan
4
1.23 10
1
44
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.2 :
Given 0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2
1.
2Q
45
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.2 :
2.
Figure 3.13
(Fundamental of physics,6th edition, Halliday, Resnick & Walker,
Q11, p.540)
ANS. : zero
46
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.2 :
3.
Figure 3.14
(Fundamental of physics,6th edition, Halliday, Resnick &Walker,
Q13, p.540)
47
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.2 :
4.
Figure 3.15
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
10.5
48
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.3
49
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Fe = q0 E
Since only electric force exerted on the particle, thus this force
contributes the nett force, F and causes the particle to
accelerate.
accelerate
According to Newtons second law, then the magnitude of the
acceleration of the particle is
F = Fe = ma
q0 E = ma
q0 E
a=
m
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
+ + + + + + + + + + + ++
+
a
Fe
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fe
a -
Figure 3.16a
Figure 3.16b
Consider an electron (e) with mass, me enters a uniform electric
field, E perpendicularly with an initial velocity u, the upward
electric force will cause the electron to move along a
parabolic path towards the upper plate as shown in Figure
3.16c.
51
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
sxx
+ + + + + + + + + + + ++ v
-q
sy
Figure 3.16c
Therefore the magnitude of the electrons acceleration is
given by
eE
a = ay =
direction : upwards since a x = 0
me
52
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
x-component : v x = u = constant
y-component : v y = u y + a y t and u y
= 0
eE
vy =
t
me
s x = ut
and
1
s y = u yt + a yt
2
1 eE 2
t
s y =
2 me
53
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.7
E
e
(a)
(b)
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Answer:
a) The force F is against the direction of
motion. The electron decelerates along
a straight line.
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.8 :
Figure 3.17
Figure 3.17 shows an electron entering a charged parallel plates
with a speed of 5.45 106 m s1. The electric field produces by the
parallel plates has deflected the electron downward by a distance
of 0.618 cm at the point where the electron exits. Determine
a. the magnitude of the electric field,
b. the speed of the electron when it exits the parallel plates.
(Physics, 3rd edition, J. S. Walker, Q78, p.661)
56
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 5.45 106 m s 1 ; s x = 2.25 10 2 m;
s y = 0.618 10 2 m
Solution : u
The time taken by the electron travels from one end to another
end of the plates is given by
sx = u xt
eE
1 2
s y = u y t a y t and a y =
me
2
1 eE 2
t
s y = 0
2 me
19
1 1.60 10 E
2
9
0.618 10 =
4
.
13
10
31
2 9.11 10
2
57
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
= 5.45 106 m s 1 ; s x = 2.25 10 2 m;
s y = 0.618 10 2 m
Solution : u
v x = u x = 5.45 106 m s 1
eE
v y = u y a y t and a y =
me
eE 2
t
v y = 0
me
1.60 10 19 ( 4126 )
9
v y =
4
.
13
10
31
9
.
11
10
v=
vx + v y
v=
(5.45 10 ) + ( 2.99 10 )
6 2
6 2
58
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.4
59
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.4
Use
Q for a point charge and a system of
V=
charges.
4 0 r
VAB = VA VB
WBA
VAB =
q0
Use
V
E=
d
for uniform E.
60
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Learning Outcome:
16.4
U = q0 V
U = k
+
+
r13
r23
r12
61
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
2
P
1
+Q
r2
dr + q0
Fe
r1
Figure 3.18
62
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
kQq0
dW =
dr
2
r
The total work done W12 in bringing the test charge (+q0) from 1
to 2 is given by
dW = kQq0
r2
r1
W12 = kQq0
where
1
dr
2
r r
1 2
r r1
1 1
W12 = kQq0
r1 r2
63
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
kQq0
U1 =
r1
and
kQq0
U2 =
r2
W12 = U1 U 2
OR
W12 = U
U1
1 Qq0
OR W = U 2 =
4 0 r
U : electric potential energy at a point
r : distance between the point and the point charge
64
k : electrostatic constant
kQq0
W = U 2 =
r
where
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
A
C
B
C
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V= 0
E
Q
+Q
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
WBA = q0VAB
WBA = q0 (VA VB )
Note:
WBA = 0
67
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V=
q0
V=
where
q0
It is a scalar quantity.
The unit of electric potential is Volt (V) OR J C 1.
68
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V= r
q0
Since
kQ
V=
r
where
OR
V=
Q
4 0 r
Note:
The total electric potential at a point in space is equal to the
algebraic sum of the constituent potentials at that point.
The theoretical zero of electric potential of a charge is at
infinity.
infinity
69
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
U = q0V
70
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.9 :
Two point charges, Q1= 40 C and Q2= 30 C are separated by
a distance of 15 cm as shown in Figure 3.19.
B
13 cm
Q1
Q2
5 cm
10 cm
Figure 3.19
Calculate
a. the electric potential at point A and describe the meaning of the
answer,
b. the electric potential at point B.
(Given 0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2)
71
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
Solution : Q1 = 40 10 C; Q2 = 30 10
2
2
a. Given r1A = 5 10 m; r2 A = 10 10 m
Q1
r2A
r1A
C
Q2
VA = V1A + V2A
Q1 Q2
+
VA =
40 r1A 40 r2 A
1 Q1 Q2
VA =
+
40 r1A r2 A
40 10 6 30 10 6
1
VA =
+
12
2
2
4 8.85 10
5
10
10
10
72
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
Solution : Q1 = 40 10 C; Q2 = 30 10
2
b. Given r2 B = 13 10 m
B
(15 10 ) + (13 10 )
2 2
r1B =
r1B = 19.9 10 2 m
r1B
r2 B
Q1
2 2
Q2
15 10
VB = V1B + V2B
1 Q1 Q2
VB =
+
40 r1B r2 B
40 10 6 30 10 6
1
VB =
+
12
2
2
4 8.85 10
19
.
9
10
13
10
73
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V =
q0
+Q
r2
+ q0
r1
Figure 3.20
74
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
VAB = VA VB
and
VAB
where
WBA
=
q0
75
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Note:
If the positive test charge moving from point A to point B,
thus the potential difference between this points is given by
VBA
WAB
= VB VA =
q0
where
Therefore
VAB = VA VB
VAB = (VB VA )
VAB = VBA
76
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.10 :
Two points, S and T are located around a point charge of +5.4 nC
as shown in Figure 3.21.
S
8.0 cm
6.0 cm
+ 5.4 nC
Figure 3.21
Calculate
a. the electric potential difference between points S and T,
b. the work done in bringing a charge of 1.5 nC from point T to
point S.
(Given electrostatic constant, k = 9.00 109 N m2 C2)
77
PHYSICS
Solution :
a. Given
S
rS
CHAPTER 16
Q = 5.4 10 9 C
rS = 6.0 10 2 m
8.0 10 2 m
rT
rT =
(8.0 10 ) + (6.0 10 )
2 2
2 2
rT = 10 10 2 m
Q +
The electric potential difference between S and T is given by
VST = VS VT
kQ kQ
VST =
rS
rT
1 1
VST = kQ
rS rT
78
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
9
Solution : Q = 5.4 10 C
a.
V = 9.00 109 5.4
ST
b. Given
)(
10
1
1
2
2
10 10
6.0 10
q0 = 1.5 10 9 C
VST =
q0
WTS
324 =
1.5 10 9
79
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.11 :
A test charge q0 =+2.3 C is placed 20 cm from a point charge Q.
A work done of 25 joule is required in bringing the test charge
q0
80
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution : q0 = 2.3 10
rB = 15 10 2
C;WAB = + 25 J; rA = 20 10 2 m;
m;
B
rB
+ q0
rA
VBA
VBA
WAB
=
q0
(
25)
=
2.3 10 6
81
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Solution : q0 = 2.3 10
rB = 15 10 2
C;WAB = + 25 J; rA = 20 10 2 m;
m;
VBA = VB VA
1 1
VBA = kQ
rB rA
1
1
7
9
1.09 10 = 9.00 10 Q
2
2
20 10
15 10
c. Given r = 0.10 m
The magnitude of the electric field strength is
kQ
E= 2
r
E=
(9.00 10 )(7.27 10 )
9
( 0.10) 2
82
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
+ q0
+Q
F
r
Figure 3.22
W = F r cos 0 and F = Fe
W = Fe r
Since
W = q0 V then q0 V = Fe r
V = E r
where
OR
V
E=
r
Fe
= E
and
q0
V : potential difference
r : change in displacement(distance)
E : electric field strength
83
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V
E = limit
r 0
r
dV
E=
dr
dV
dr
1 N C 1 = 1 V m 1
84
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+V
V= 0
Figure 3.23a
Figure 3.23b
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
V
(0 V )
E=
=
r
( d 0)
V
E=
d
OR
V = Ed
86
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.12 :
Two parallel plates are separated 5.0 mm apart. The electric field
strength between the plates is 1.0 104 N C1. A small charge of
+4.0 nC is moved from one conducting plate to another. Calculate
a. the work done on the charge, and
b. the potential difference between the plates.
3
4
1
Solution : d = 5.0 10 m; E = 1.0 10 N C ;
q0 = 4.0 10 9 C
W = Fd = q0 Ed
9
4
3
W = 4.0 10 1.0 10 5.0 10
)(
)(
V = Ed
V = 1.0 10 4 5.0 10 3
)(
)
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
W
V =
q0
U
V =
q0
and
W = U
U = q0 V
U 2 U1
final
V2 V1
initial
88
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
r12
Q1
r23
r13
Figure 3.24
Q3
U = U 12 + U 13 + U 23
kQ1Q2 kQ1Q3 kQ2Q3
U=
+
+
r12
r13
r23
U = k
+
+
r13
r23
r12
89
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Example 16.13 :
Two point charges, Q1= +2.0 C and Q2= 6.0 C, are placed
4.0 m and 5.0 m from a point P respectively as shown in Figure
Q2
3.25.
5.0 m
Q1 +
4.0 m
Figure 3.25
a. Calculate the electric potential at P due to the charges.
b. If a charge Q3= +3.0 C moves from infinity to P, determine the
change in electric potential energy for this charge.
c. When the charge Q3 at point P, calculate the electric potential
energy for the system of charges.
(Given electrostatic constant, k = 9.00 109 N m2 C2)
90
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
VP = V1P + V2P
Q1 Q2
VP = k
+
r1P r2 P
6
6
2
.
0
10
6
.
0
10
9
VP = 9.00 10
+
4
.
0
5
.
0
6
Q
=
3
.
0
10
C
b. Given 3
U = Q3 V
U = Q3 (VP V ) and V = 0
91
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
c.
Q2
r12 = 3.0 m
r23 = 5.0 m
P
Q1 +
r13 = 4.0 m
+ Q3
U = U12 + U13 + U 23
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
6
U = k
+
+
r
12
r13
r23
)(
6
6
2
.
0
10
6
.
0
10
U = 9.00 109
+
3.0
4.0
5.0
93
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.4 :
Given 0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2; me= 9.11 1031 kg;
e=1.60 1019 C
1.
94
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.4 :
3.
Q +
+ 2Q
2Q +
3Q
Figure 3.26
Determine the electric potential at the centre of the square.
ANS. : 1.53 106 V
95
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Exercise 16.4 :
4.
Q1 +
1.0 m
+ Q2
Figure 3.27
Determine the position of a point where
a. the nett electric field intensity is zero,
b. the electric potential due to the two charges is zero.
(Fundamental of physics,7th edition, Halliday, Resnick & Walker,
Q81, p.653)
96
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 16
Next Chapter
CHAPTER 17 :
Capacitor and dielectrics
97