Verification of Impact Testing Machines

NABL 122-14
NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR

TESTING AND CALIBRATION
LABORATORIES
SPECIFIC CRITERIA
for CALIBRATION LABORATORIES
IN MECHANICAL DISCIPLINE :
Verification of Impact Testing
Machine
MASTER COPY
ISSUE No.
Reviewed by
Approved by
Quality Officer
Director, NABL
: 05
ISSUE DATE: 12.08.2014
AMENDMENT No.
: 00
AMENDMENT DATE:
AMENDMENT SHEET
Sl
no
1
Page Clause
Date of
No.
No. Amendment
Amendment
made
Reasons
Signature Signature
QO
Director
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

Doc. No: NABL 122-14
Specific Criteria for Calibration Laboratories in Mechanical Discipline Verification of Impact Testing Machine
Issue No: 05
Issue Date: 12.08.2014
Amend No: 00
Amend Date: Page No: 1 of 12
Sl. No.
Contents
Page No.
General Requirements
1.1
Scope
1.2
Calibration Measurement Capability(CMC)
1.3
Personnel, Qualification and Training
3-4
1.4
Accommodation and Environmental Conditions
4-5
1.5
Special Requirements of Laboratory
1.6
Safety Precautions
1.7
1.8
Other Important Points

Proficiency Testing
2
2.1
Specific Requirements Verification of Impact Testing Machine

Scope
2.2
National/ International Standards, References and Guidelines
2.3
Metrological Requirements
2.4
Term and Definitions
2.5
Selection of Reference Standard
2.6
Calibration Interval
2.7
Environmental Condition
2.8
Method for Verification
9-10
2.9
Measurement Uncertainty
10-11
2.10
Evaluation of CMC
12
2.11
Sample Scope
12
2.12
Key Points
12

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
1. General Requirement
The purpose of this document is to specify requirements with which a laboratory has to operate and
demonstrate its competency to carry out calibration in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
To achieve uniformity between the laboratories, assessors and assessment process in terms of
maximum permissible error, CMC, measurement uncertainty etc in line with National/International
standards.
To achieve uniformity in selection of equipments, calibration methods, maintaining required

environmental conditions, personnel with relevant qualification and experience.
1.1 Scope
This specific criteria lays down those specific requirements in verification of Impact testing machine
under mechanical discipline. This part of the document thus amplifies the specific requirements for
verification of Impact testing machine under mechanical calibration and supplements the requirements
of ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
1.2 Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC)
1.2.1
CMC is one the parameters that is used by NABL to define the scope of an accredited
calibration laboratory, the others being parameter/quantity measured, standard/master used,
calibration method used and measurement range. The CMC is expressed as the smallest
uncertainty that a laboratory can achieve when calibrating the best existing device. It is an
expanded uncertainty estimated at a confidence level of approximately 95% corresponding to a
coverage factor k=2.
1.2.2
For evaluation of CMC laboratories should follow NABL 143 - Policy on Calibration and
Measurement Capability (CMC) and Uncertainty in Calibration.
1.3 Personnel, Qualification and Training

1.3.1 Technical Personnel
1.3.1.1 Qualification required for carrying out calibration activity:
The following are only guidelines. However, qualification and experience will not be
the only criteria for the required activity. They have to prove their skill, knowledge
and competency in their specific field of calibration activity.
a) B.E/ B.Tech or M.Sc. (having Physics as one of the subject) degree with 3 months
experience in verification of Impact testing machine.
b) B.Sc (with Physics as one of the subject) or Diploma with 6 months experience in
verification of Impact testing machine.
c) ITI with 1 year of experience in verification of Impact testing machine.
1.3.2
Training and experience required:

a) Training may be external / internal depending on the expertise available in the field.
b) Training in verification of Impact testing machine and in Uncertainty Measurements, CMC
including statistical analysis for Technical Manager.

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
c) Experience and competence in verification of Impact testing machine.

d) Sufficient knowledge about handling of reference equipment, maintenance, traceability,
calibration procedure and effect of environmental conditions on the results of calibration.
e) During training, calibration activity should be done under supervision.
1.3.3
Authorised Signatory
1.3.3.1 Qualification required for interpretation of results and signing the calibration
certificates:
The following are only guidelines. However, qualification and experience will not be
the only criteria for the required activity. They have to prove their skill, knowledge and
competency in analysis and interpretation of calibration results.
a) B.E/ B.Tech or M.Sc. (with having Physics as one of the subject) degree with 6
months experience verification of Impact testing machine.
b) B.Sc. (with Physics as one of the subject) or Diploma with 1 year experience in
verification of Impact testing machine.
1.3.3.2 Training and experience required:
a) Training may be external / internal depending on the expertise available in the field.
b) For Technical Manager, training, experience and competence in verification of
Impact testing machine and training in Uncertainty Measurements, CMC including
statistical analysis
c) Sufficient knowledge and competence in effective implementation of ISO/IEC
17025, specific criteria and NABL guidelines.
d) Competency in reviewing of results, giving opinion and interpretations.
e) During training the relevant activity has to be done under supervision.
1.4 Accommodation and Environmental Conditions

A Laboratory may be offering calibration services under different categories:
i. Permanent laboratory service
ii. Onsite service
The above category of laboratories may provide following types of services:
a) Service that intended primarily for measurement standards, reference equipments which are further
used for calibration purposes or high accuracy measurements which requires high degree of accuracy
and better CMC.
b) Service that intended primarily for calibration and adjustment of test, measurement and diagnostic
equipments to use in such areas as product testing, manufacturing and servicing.
Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
Accommodation and environmental conditions adversely affect the results of calibration and
measurement accuracy unless they are controlled and monitored. Hence, they play a very important role.
The influencing parameters may be one or more of the following i.e. temperature, relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure, vibration, acoustic noise, dust, air currents/draft, illumination (wherever
applicable), voltage fluctuations, electrical earthing and direct sunlight etc., depending on the nature of
calibration services provided. The variables described above can play a major factor on calibration
results.
The main difference between the permanent laboratory, onsite and mobile calibration services has to do
with environmental conditions only. Since the onsite calibration relies on where the service is provided,
it affects the results of calibration.
The laboratories are advised to follow the requirement of accommodation and environment depending
on the types of services provided as recommended.
By the manufacturers of the reference equipment.
By the manufacturers of the Unit under calibration.
As specified in the National/ International Standards or guidelines followed for the calibration.
The environmental monitoring equipments used should also meet the requirement of manufacturer's
recommendations and specifications as per the relevant standards followed.
If accommodation and environmental conditions are not specified either by manufacturer or by National
/ International standards / guidelines, the laboratory shall follow the below recommendations.
1.4.1
Vibration
The calibration area shall be free from vibrations generated by central air-conditioning plants,
vehicular traffic and other sources to ensure consistent and uniform operational conditions. The
laboratory shall take all special/ protective precautions like mounting of sensitive apparatus on
vibration free tables and pillars etc., isolated from the floor, if necessary.
1.4.2
Acoustic Noise
Acoustic noise level in the laboratory shall be maintained to facilitate proper performance of
calibration work. Noise level shall be maintained less than 60 dBA, wherever it affects
adversely the required accuracy of measurement.
1.4.3
Illumination
The calibration area shall have adequate level of illumination. Where permissible, fluorescent
lighting is preferred to avoid localized heating and temperature drift. The recommended level
of illumination is 250-500 lux on the working table.
1.4.4
Environmental Conditions and Monitoring

The environmental conditions for the activity of the laboratory shall be such as not to adversely
affect the required accuracy of measurement. Facilities shall be provided whenever necessary
for recording temperature, pressure and humidity values prevailing during calibration. The
atmospheric conditions maintained in the laboratory during calibration shall be reported in the
calibration report/ certificate.

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
1.5 Special Requirements of Laboratory

1.5.1
The calibration laboratory shall make arrangements for regulated and uninterrupted power
supply of proper rating. The recommended Voltage regulation level is 2% or better, and
Frequency variation 2.5Hz or better on the calibration bench.
1.5.2
The reference standards shall be maintained at temperatures specified for their maintenance on
order to ensure their conformance to the required level of operation.
1.5.3
The laboratory shall take adequate measures against dust and external air pressure.
1.6 Safety Precautions

Relevant fire extinguishing equipment for possible fire hazards, shall be available in the corridors or
convenient places in the laboratory. Adequate safety measures against electrical, chemical fire hazards
must be available at the work place. Laboratory rooms/ areas where highly inflammable
1.7 Other Important Points
1.7.1
Entry to the Calibration Area: As possible, only the staff engaged in the calibration activity
may be permitted entry inside the calibration area.
1.7.2
Space in Calibration Area: The calibration laboratory shall ensure adequate space for
calibration activity without adversely affecting the results.
1.8 Proficiency Testing

To give further assurance to the accuracy or Uncertainty of measurements, a laboratory will be required
to participate, from time to time, in Proficiency Testing Program. The laboratory shall remain prepared
to participate in the Proficiency Testing Program through inter-laboratory, inter-comparison schemes
wherever it is technically feasible. (Ref. NABL 162, 163 and 164 for further details)

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
2 Specific Requirements: Verification of Impact Testing Machine

2.1 Scope: Verification of Impact Testing Machine
Specific Requirements:
Sl.
No.
Description
Relevant
Standard
Permanent
Facility
Onsite
Calibration
Mobile
Facility
Impact Testing
Machine (Charpy)
ISO 148-2
Impact Testing
Machine (Izod)
ISO 180
* Verification of Impact Testing Machine at permanent facility is acceptable. However, verification of

performance shall be carried out after commissioning and installation of Testing Machine at site.
Important Note: This technical requirement is based on the above mentioned guideline. Lab
may follow any relevant standard, however care shall be taken to follow the requirements in
totality.
2.2 National/ International Standards, References and Guideline
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test method.
ISO 148-2 Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 2: Verification of test
machines.
ISO 148-3, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 3: Preparation and
characterization of Charpy V-notch test pieces for indirect verification of pendulum impact
machines.
ISO 180: Plastics Determination of Izod Impact Strength.
IS 1757:1988 (RA:2003) Method for Charpy Impact Test on Metallic Materials.
2.3 Metrological Requirements
Indirect verification including a limited direct verification shall be performed at the time of
installation or after moving the machine or striker.
Indirect verification shall be performed at intervals not exceeding 12 months.
Direct verification shall be performed when the machine is new and when the results of an indirect
verification are unsatisfactory.
The procedures given in 6.4.5.1 and 6.4.5.2 of the standard should be performed at the beginning of
each day during which the machine is used because they provide a quick indication as to whether the
performance of the machines has been impaired e.g. by dirt in bearings.

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
2.4 Terms and Definitions

Centre of percussion
That point in a body at which, on striking a blow, the percussive action is the same as if the whole
mass of the body were concentrated at the point.
Centre of strike
That point on the striking edge of the pendulum at which, in the free hanging position of the
pendulum, the vertical edge of the striker meets the upper horizontal plane of a test piece of half
standard height (i.e. 5 mm) or equivalent gauge bar resting on the test piece supports.
Striker
Portion of the pendulum that contacts the test piece.
NOTE: The edge that actually contacts the test piece has a radius of 2 mm (the 2 mm striker) or a
radius of 8 mm (the 8 mm striker).
Test Piece Supports
Portion of the machine that serves to properly position the test piece for impact with respect to the
centre of percussion of the pendulum, the striker and the anvils.
Total Absorbed Energy (KT)
Total absorbed energy required to break a test piece with a pendulum impact testing machine, which
is not corrected for any losses of energy.
Initial Potential Energy (KP)
Difference between the potential energy of the pendulum hammer prior to its release for the impact
test, and the potential energy of the pendulum hammer at the position of impact, as determined by
direct verification.
Absorbed Energy (K)
Energy required to break a test piece with a pendulum impact testing machine, after correction for
friction.
Calculated Energy (Kcalc)
Energy calculated from values of angle, length, and force measured during direct verification.
Nominal Initial Potential Energy (KN)
Energy assigned by the manufacturer of the pendulum impact testing machine.
Indicated Absorbed Energy (KS)
Energy indicated by the display/dial of the testing machine, which may or may not need to be
corrected for friction to determine absorbed energy.
Reference Absorbed Energy (KR)
Certified value of absorbed energy assigned to the test pieces used to verify the performance of
pendulum impact machines.
Reference test piece
Impact test piece used to verify the suitability of pendulum impact testing machines by comparing
the
Indicated absorbed energy measured by that machine to the reference absorbed energy associated
with the test pieces.
Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
2.5 Selection of Reference Standard

The requirements for the reference test pieces are found in ISO 148-3.
2.6 Calibration Interval
The Calibration Interval of Indirect verifications shall be performed at not exceeding 12 months.
Note: Direct verification shall be performed when the machine is new and when the results of an
indirect verification is unsatisfactory. A limited direct verification shall be performed prior to
Performing an indirect verification.
2.7 Environmental conditions required for calibration and requirement of environmental monitoring
system
If the temperature of testing is not specified in the product standard, it shall be 23C 5C.
If the temperature of testing is specified in the product standard it shall be adhered to within 2C.
2.8 Methods for Verification
2.8.1
Methods for Verification of Impact Calibration

Impact machines used for industrial, general or research laboratory testing of metallic materials
in accordance with this part of ISO 148 are referred to as industrial machines. Those with more
stringent requirements are referred to as reference machines. Specifications for the verification
of reference machines are found in ISO 148-3.
There are two methods of verification:
2.8.2
The direct method, which is static in nature, involves measurement of the critical parts of the
machine to ensure that it meets the requirements of this part of ISO 148. Instruments used for
the verification and Calibration is traceable to national standards. Direct methods are used when
a machine is being installed or repaired, or if the indirect method gives a non-conforming result.
2.8.2.1
Direct verification of the machine involves the inspection of the following items:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.8.3
foundation/installation;
machine framework;
pendulum, including the hammer and the striker;
anvils and supports;
indicating equipment.
The indirect method, which is dynamic in nature, uses reference test pieces to verify points on
the measuring scale. A pendulum impact testing machine is not in compliance with this part of
ISO 148 until it has been verified by both the direct and indirect methods and meets the
requirements of Clauses 6 and 7 of ISO 148-2.
Indirect verification consists of verifying points on the measuring scale using reference test
pieces.
2.8.3.1
These reference test pieces are used:

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
a) for comparison between test results obtained with the machine under consideration
and test results obtained with a particular reference machine or set of reference
machines, or with an ISO 148 traceable K value;
b) to monitor the performance of a machine over a period of time, without reference
to any other machine.
2.8.3.2
Before each indirect verification a limited direct verification shall be performed,

which includes:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2.8.3.3
inspection of the machine.

inspection (visual at least) of the striker and anvils for excessive wear;
measurement of the gap;
measurement of the angularity, only when the striker or supports are changed;
measurement of the losses due to bearing friction and air resistance;
measurement of the loss due to pointer friction.
Bias and Repeatability

Maximum permissible values for repeatability and bias values:
2.9 Measurement Uncertainty

2.9.1
In theory, one can use an equation such as the following for the estimation of z, the combined
instrument bias:
z = R + A + C + E +V + (l - l1) + H + S
(B.1)
where
R is the bias in K (in energy units) due to bias of the radius of tup or striker;
A is the bias in K (in energy units) due to bias of anvil and supports geometry;
C is the bias in K (in energy units) due to bias of the centre of strike;
E is the bias in K (in energy units) due to the energy calculation from measured angles;
V is the bias in K (in energy units) due to bias of the impact velocity;
(l - l 1 ) is the bias in K (in energy units) due to bias of the difference between pendulum
length and centre of percussion;
H is the bias in K (in energy units) due to the correction for friction loss;
S is the bias in K (in energy units) due to the bias of the energy read from an analogue or
digital scale.
The effects the factors (R, A, C, E, V, l l 1 , H, S) on the absorbed energy are assumed to be
small if they are within the tolerances required for direct verification of the machine, and if the
pendulum impact test is performed according to the standard procedure (see ISO 148-1).

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
2.9.1.1
2.9.2
However, there are uncertainties associated with the assessment of the individual
factors contributing to z. Assuming that all quantities are independent, the combined
standard uncertainty of z would be:
Contributions to the uncertainty of the indirect verification result:

2.9.2.1
Bias
The primary result of an indirect verification is the estimate of the instrument bias,
BV:
B V = KV
- KV R
Where,
KV V is the mean value of the reference test pieces broken during the indirect
verification;
KV R is the certified KV value of the reference test pieces.
2.9.2.2
Uncertainty of the Bias Value

The standard uncertainty of the bias value is equal to the combined standard
uncertainties of the two terms.
uRM, the standard uncertainty of the certified reference value, KV R , is calculated from
the expanded uncertainty, URM, indicated on the certificate of the reference test
pieces, by dividing U RM with the appropriate coverage factor (also indicated on the
certificate).
The uncertainty associated with KV V is calculated as:
where s V is the standard deviation of the results of the n V reference test pieces.
Therefore, u(B V ), the standard uncertainty of B V , is calculated as:
2.9.2.3
Determining the combined uncertainty of the indirect verification result, uV

As a general rule, bias should be corrected for. However, due to wear of the anvil and
hammer parts, it is difficult to obtain a perfectly stable bias value throughout the
period between two indirect verifications. This is why the measured bias value is
considered an uncertainty contribution, to be combined with its own uncertainty to
obtain the uncertainty of the indirect verification result, u V :

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00
2.10 Evaluation of CMC

2.10.1 Refer NABL 143 for CMC evaluation.
2.10.2 CMC value is not the same as expanded uncertainty reported in the calibration
Certificate/Report. CMC values exclude the uncertainties which are attributed to the UUT (Unit
under test/calibration).
2.10.3 For the purpose of CMC evaluation the following components shall be considered:
Uncertainty of the certified Reference Value
Standard deviation of test results
2.11 Sample Scope
Sample Recommended Scope: An illustrative example
Laboratory: XYZ
Date(s) of Visit:
Discipline: Mechanical
Sl
Master
Parameter*/
Range(s) of Calibration and Measurement Capability
Remarks+/
Device under equipment measurement
Method used
**
used
calibration
Claimed by Observed by Recommended
Laboratory Assessor
by Assessor
Correct presentation of scope of accreditation
Verification
of Charpy /
Izod
Impact
testing
machine
Using Load 0 to 450 J

cell and
Linear
Instruments
& Gauges
0.73%
0.73%
0.73%
As per ISO
148:2008,
ASTM E 2307,
ASTM D 25605,
D 6110-4,
ISO
13802:1999
* Only for Electro-technical discipline; scope shall be recommended parameter wise (where applicable) and the
ranges may be mentioned frequency wise.
** NABL 143 shall be referred for the recommendation of CMC
+
Remarks shall also include whether the same scope is applicable for site calibration as well. NABL 130 shall be
referred while recommending the scope for site calibration.
Signature, Date & Name of Lab

Representative
Signature, Date & Name of Assessor(s)
Signature, Date & Name of Lead

Assessor
2.12 Key Points

Demonstration of any CMC values doesn't automatically qualify for granting accreditation until the lab
satisfies the stipulated requirement given in this document.

Issue No: 05
Amend No: 00

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Tel.: +91-124 4679700
Fax: +91-124 4679799
Website: www.nabl-india.org

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NABL 122-14

NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR

ISSUE DATE: 12.08.2014

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

Calibration Measurement Capability(CMC)

Personnel, Qualification and Training

Accommodation and Environmental Conditions

Special Requirements of Laboratory

Other Important Points

Specific Requirements Verification of Impact Testing Machine

National/ International Standards, References and Guidelines

Term and Definitions

Selection of Reference Standard

Method for Verification

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

To achieve uniformity in selection of equipments, calibration methods, maintaining required

1.3 Personnel, Qualification and Training

Training and experience required:

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

c) Experience and competence in verification of Impact testing machine.

1.4 Accommodation and Environmental Conditions

Environmental Conditions and Monitoring

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

1.5 Special Requirements of Laboratory

1.6 Safety Precautions

1.8 Proficiency Testing

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

2 Specific Requirements: Verification of Impact Testing Machine

* Verification of Impact Testing Machine at permanent facility is acceptable. However, verification of

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

2.4 Terms and Definitions

2.5 Selection of Reference Standard

Methods for Verification of Impact Calibration

These reference test pieces are used:

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

Before each indirect verification a limited direct verification shall be performed,

inspection of the machine.

Bias and Repeatability

2.9 Measurement Uncertainty

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

Contributions to the uncertainty of the indirect verification result:

Uncertainty of the Bias Value

Determining the combined uncertainty of the indirect verification result, uV

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

2.10 Evaluation of CMC

Using Load 0 to 450 J

Signature, Date & Name of Lab

Signature, Date & Name of Assessor(s)

Signature, Date & Name of Lead

2.12 Key Points

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

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