Chapter 3

41

Nutrition Labeling

3-5
table

Rounding Rules for Declaring Nutrients on Nutrition Label

Nutrient/Serving

Increment Roundinga,b

Insignificant Amount

Calories, Calories from fat,

Calories from saturated fat

<5 Cal express as zero

50 Cal express to nearest 5 Cal increment
> 50 Cal express to nearest 10 Cal increment

<5 Cal

Total fat, trans fat,

polyunsaturated fat,
monounsaturated,
saturated fat

<0.5 g express as zero

<5 g express to nearest 0.5 g increment
5 g express to nearest 1 g increment

<0.5 g

Cholesterol

<2 mg express as zero

25 mg express as less than 5 mg
>5 mg express to nearest 5 mg increment

<2 mg

Sodium, potassium

<5 mg express as zero

5140 mg express to nearest 5 mg increment
>140 mg express to nearest 10 mg increment

<5 mg

Total carbohydrate, sugars,

sugar alcohols, other
carbohydrates, dietary fiber,
soluble fiber, insoluble fiber,
protein

<0.5 g express as zero

<1 g express as Contains less than 1 g OR less than 1 g
1 g express to nearest 1 g increment

<1 g

Vitamins and minerals

<2% of RDI may be expressed as:

1. 2% If actual amount is 1.0% or more
2. Zero
3. An asterisk that refers to statement Contains less than
2% of the Daily Value of this (these) nutrient (nutrients)
4. For Vitamins A and C, calcium, iron: statement Not a
significant source of _____ (listing the vitamins or minerals
omitted)
10% of RDI express to nearest 2% increment
>10% to 50% of RDI express to nearest 5% increment
>50% of RDI express to nearest 10% increment

<2% RDI

Beta-carotene

10% of Vitamin A express to nearest 2% increment

>10% to 50% of Vitamin A express to nearest 5%
increment
>50% of Vitamin A express to nearest 10% increment

Summarized from Food Labeling Guide Appendix H: Rounding the values according to FDA rounding rules (2009) Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.
a To express to the nearest 1g increment, amounts exactly halfway between two whole numbers or higher (e.g., 2.502.99 g) round up (e.g.,

3 g), and amounts less than halfway between two whole numbers (e.g., 2.012.49 g) round down (e.g., 2 g).
b Notes for rounding % Daily Value (DV) for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, fiber, and protein:
(1) To calculate %DV, divide either the actual (unrounded) quantitative amount or the declared (rounded) amount by the appropriate RDI
or DRV. Use whichever amount will provide the greatest consistency on the food label and prevent unnecessary consumer confusion
(21 CFR 101.9 (d)(7)(iii).
(2) When %DV values fall between two whole numbers, rounding shall be as follows:
For values exactly halfway between two whole numbers or higher (e.g., 2.502.99) the values shall round up (e.g., 3%).
For values less than halfway between whole numbers (e.g., 2.012.49) the values shall round down (e.g., 2%).

expressed in numerous ways. A calorie, which is

the standard for measurement of the energy value of
substances and to express the bodys energy requirement, is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of water 1 C (1 calorie = 4.184
joules). The unit used in nutritional work is Calorie
or kilo-calorie (kcal), which equals 1000 calories.
In this chapter, the term Calorie is used to express
caloric content. The FDA regulations specify five

methods by which caloric content may be calculated,

one of which uses bomb calorimetry [21 CFR 101.9
(c) (1)]:
1. Specific Atwater factors for Calories per gram
of protein, total carbohydrate, and total fat
2. The general factors of 4, 4, and 9 Cal/g of
protein, total carbohydrate, and total fat,
respectively