Data Comms Final Research

1.
Fax Modem
1.1.Description
A device you can attach to a personal
computer that enables you to transmit and receive
electronic documents as faxes. A fax modem is like a
regular modem except that it is designed to transmit
documents to a fax machine or to another fax modem.
send a fax by using the fax phone number as the

address of a E-mail message, and receive incoming
faxes via E-mail with the Fax content presented as a
PDF attachment.
1.7 Sample picture of the modem
1.2. Characteristics
A fax modem enables a computer to transmit and
receive documents as faxes on a telephone line. A fax
modem is like a data modem but is designed to
transmit and receive documents to and from a fax
machine or another fax modem. Some, but not all, fax
modems do double duty as data modems.
1.3.Transmission Speed
Speeds range up to 56 kbps.
1.4 Mode of Transmission

Serial Data Transmission: Most data transmitted
over telephone lines use a serial pattern. That is,
each individual bit of information travels along its
own communications path; the bits flow in a
continuous stream along the communications
channel.
1.5. Application
It's similar to a regular modem, but it's made to
send documents to fax machines and other fax
modems. (However some types of fax modems can act
as a regular modem.) You don't need an Internet
connection with a fax modem because it uses a
telephone line.
1.6. Mode of Installation

Computer users may set up a PC fax/modem with
card, telephone line access and software. A special
printer driver may be included to allow treating the
fax modem as a printer. Fax integration is available
in unified communications (e.g. E-mail, Voice Mail
and Fax managed together), in a number of Hosted
PBX products where standard features allow users to
2. External Modem
2.1. Description
External modems are the simplest type of the
modem to install this kind of modem you didnt open
the computer. The telephone line plugs into a socket
on the rear panel of the modem. As external modems
have their own power supply you can turn off the
modem quickly to break the connection.
External modems have lights indicating various
modem functions and they can easily be moved from
one computer system to another. The do, however,
require one COM or USB port to operate.
2.3. Transmission Speed

External modems vary its speed from Kbps to
Mbps range.

channel.
Parallel
Transmission:
Parallel
data
transmission involves the concurrent flow of bits of
data through separate communications lines. This
Page | 1
pattern resembles the flow of automobile traffic on a

multilane highway. Internal transfer of binary data in
a computer uses a parallel mode.
2.5. Application
A self-contained modem that is connected to the
serial or USB port of a computer. The older serial
port models draw power from a wall outlet and have
the advantage of status lights on the outside of the
case that show the changing states of the modem (offhook, carrier detect, transmitting, etc.). The term may
also refer to broadband modems for cable and DSL
use.
8 Insert the installation diskette or CD (if you

do not receive prompts for installing the modem),
click the drive, and click (or double-click) the
installation program on the diskette or CD.
9 Run any test program that comes with the
installation software to ensure that the modem is
working correctly.

1 Unpack the modem and its accessories. You
should have the modem, cable, phone cord, power
adapter, installation diskette or CD, and instruction
manual.
2 Turn off the computer and any attached
devices.
3 Attach one end of the modem cable to the
serial port (wide, 25-pin connector) on the computer
and the other end to the modem. The serial port on
the Macintosh is a small, round port marked with a
telephone icon.
4 Connect one end of the phone cord to the

modem port marked "wall" or "line" and the other
end to the wall jack of your phone line. If the modem
will be sharing the line with a telephone, connect the
cord of the telephone to the modem port marked
"phone."
5 Attach the power adapter plug to the modem
and the power transformer plug to the power outlet,
if this is required for your modem.
6 Turn on the computer and the modem, if it
has an on/off switch.
7 When your computer starts up, follow the
software installation instructions if prompted by your
computer system (e.g., Windows Plug 'n Play
feature).
3. Internal Modem
3.1. Description
A modem that plugs into an expansion slot within
the computer. Unlike an external modem, an internal
modem does not provide a series of display lights that
inform the user of the changing modem states.
Internal Modem is the device installed in the
desktop or laptop computer to communicate over a
network with other connected computers. These are
cheaper than external modems as they do not require
a power supply or a chassis. There are two types of
internal modems: dial-up and WiFi (wireless). Dial
up works on the telephone cables and requires a
network access phone number and log on credentials
to make a connection and WiFi modem comments to
the network without filling these credentials.

Internal modems get their power from the
computer's power supply. Internal modems reach a
top speed of 56 kilobits per second, just as their
external modem counterparts.
Page | 2

channel.
3.5. Application
Many small, medium, and large companies
depend on constant communication connections to
run their businesses. Many companies rely on
broadband connections for their employee
connections, but need a reliable backup if the
broadband or server connections go down
(commonly known as Out of Band Access). Brown
outs aren't unknown and can affect clients as well as
employees, and with a dial-up backup data can
always be retrieved and servers can be configured
remotely no matter what the status is of the
broadband connection.

Turn on your computer, insert the driver CD into
your computer's CD drive and allow Windows XP to
boot.
Enter "my computer" and double-click your CD
drive. This should bring up an auto-run window for
your modem's drivers. If it does not, double-click the
"setup" file.
Follow the on-screen instructions as needed. The
install program will setup your modem's drivers
automatically in most cases.
4. Cable Modem
4.1. Description
When cable was first introduced, it was designed
for rural areas with poor reception. It is now an
enhanced network offering over 500 site of video,
music entertainment, and interactive services (web
TV). Due to its huge bandwidth, cable is able to
deliver a greater amount of data at much faster
speeds than analog or Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) device. With these kind of speeds
and the data size, we have new high-end applications
available, such as real-time video, this technology is
not quite fully born yet and is still in the development
stage.
The cable modem uses a coaxial cable television
lines to provide a greater bandwidth than the dial-up
computer modem. Data can be transferred over cable
lines much more quickly than over traditional phone
lines. Faster transmission is actually possible, but
speed is usually restricted by the cable company's
(typically slower) connection to the Internet.

The actual bandwidth for Internet service over a
cable TV line is up to 27 Mbps on the download path
to the subscriber with about 2.5 Mbps of bandwidth
for interactive responses in the other direction.
However, since the local provider may not be
connected to the Internet on a line faster than a Tcarrier system at 1.5 Mpbs, a more likely data rate
will be close to 1.5 Mpbs.

At the cable provider's head-end, the CMTS
provides many of the same functions provided by the
DSLAM in a DSL system. The CMTS takes the traffic
coming in from a group of customers on a single
channel and routes it to an Internet service provider
(ISP) for connection to the Internet. At the head-end,
the cable providers will have, or lease space for a
third-party ISP to have, servers for accounting and
Page | 3
logging, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP) for assigning and administering the IP
addresses of all the cable system's users, and control
servers for a protocol called CableLabs Certified
Cable Modems -- formerly Data Over Cable Service
Interface Specifications (DOCSIS), the major
standard used by U.S. cable systems in providing
Internet access to users.
4.5. Application
Cable modems are primarily used to deliver
broadband Internet access in the form of cable
Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a
HFC and RFoG network.

-Connection to the CMTS
-Cable Modem connected to TV outlet for cable
TV
-Cable TV operator connects a Cable Modem
Termination System (CMTS) at the head end
-CMTS is a central device for connecting cable
TV network to data network (e.g. Internet)
5. Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN) Modem
5.1. Description
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a
set of communication standards for simultaneous
digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other
network services over the traditional circuits of the
public switched telephone network. Prior to ISDN,
the telephone system was viewed as a way to
transport voice, with some special services available
for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates
speech and data on the same lines, adding features
that were not available in the classic telephone
system.
ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network
system, which also provides access to packet
switched networks, designed to allow digital
transmission of voice and data over ordinary
telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better
voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It
offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice
or data), and packet-switched connections (for data),
in increments of 64 kilobit/s. A major market
application for ISDN in some countries is Internet
access, where ISDN typically provides a maximum of
128 kbit/s in both upstream and downstream
directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater
data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or
four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are
bonded.
ISDN should not be mistaken for its use with a
specific protocol, such as Q.931 whereby ISDN is
employed as the network, data-link and physical
layers in the context of the OSI model. In a broad
sense ISDN can be considered a suite of digital
services existing on layers 1, 2, and 3 of the OSI
model. ISDN is designed to provide access to voice
and data services simultaneously.

Basic Rate Interface (BRI), also called basic rate
access (BRA) consists of two B channels, each
with bandwidth of 64 kbit/s, and one D channel with
a bandwidth of 16 kbit/s. Together these three
channels can be designated as 2B+D. Primary Rate
Page | 4
Interface (PRI), also called primary rate access

(PRA) in Europe contains a greater number of B
channels and a D channel with a bandwidth of 64
kbit/s. The number of B channels for PRI varies
according to the nation: in North America and Japan
it is 23B+1D, with an aggregate bit rate of 1.544
Mbit/s (T1); in Europe, India and Australia it is
30B+1D, with an aggregate bit rate of 2.048 Mbit/s
(E1). Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
(BISDN) is another ISDN implementation and it is
able to manage different types of services at the same
time. It is primarily used within network backbones
and employs ATM.
Install any service provider software or drivers

that came with the modem or with the service
provider's sign-up package.
Access the Internet by launching a browser such
as Internet Explorer. If prompted, enter your user
name and password for the Internet service provider
and click on "Connect." The modem will dial out
through the dedicated phone line and connect to the
Internet.

channel.
6. DSL Modem
6.1. Description
5.5. Application
ISDN is used heavily by the broadcast industry
as a reliable way of switching low latency, high
quality, long distance audio circuits. In conjunction
with an appropriate codec using MPEG or various
manufacturers proprietary algorithms, an ISDN BRI
can be used to send stereo bi-directional audio coded
at 128 kbit/s with 20 Hz 20 kHz audio bandwidth,
although commonly the G.722 algorithm is used with
a single 64 kbit/s B channel to send much lower
latency mono audio at the expense of audio quality.
Where very high quality audio is required multiple
ISDN BRIs can be used in parallel to provide a
higher bandwidth circuit switched connection

Plug the dedicated telephone line into the ISDN
telephone jack. Plug the computer into the ISDN. The
modem may have a serial port or a telephone line
port for connection to the computer. Consult the
included instructions to determine whether the
modem connects to the computer's network card, 56K
modem or a serial port.
A DSL router consists of a box which has an

RJ11 jack to connect to a standard subscriber
telephone line. It has several RJ45 jacks
for Ethernet cables to connect it to computers or
printers, creating a local network. It usually also has
a USB jack which can be used to connect to
computers via a USB cable, to allow connection to
computers without an Ethernet port.
DSL modems utilize a property that
standard twisted-pair telephone cable can be used for
short distances to carry much higher frequency
signals than what the cable is actually rated to
handle. This is also why DSL modems have a
distance limitation. Standard voice and slower 56
kilobit modem communications are possible over
many kilometers of cable, but the higher frequencies
used by DSL are attenuated and DSL's maximum
performance gradually declines as the cable length
increases.
Page | 5
It delivers data symmetrically at T1 data rates of

1.544 Mbits/sec over lines that are up to 3.6
kilometers (12,000 feet) in length.

In home installation, the prevalent transport
protocol is ATM. On top of ATM, there are multiple
possibilities of additional layers of protocols (two of
them are abbreviated in a simplified manner as
"PPPoA"
or
"PPPoE"),
with
the
allimportant TCP/IP at layers 4 and 3 respectively of
the OSI model providing the connection to
the Internet.
6.5. Application
Some of the ADSL modems also manage the
connection and sharing of the ADSL service with a
group of machines: in this case, the unit is termed a
DSL router or residential gateway

If you have an ADSL connection, connect the
telephone cord to the ADSL line port of the
broadband modem. For all other broadband
connections, your Internet service provider (ISP) will
install a CAT5 or CAT6 cable that should be
connected to the internet port of the broadband
modem.
Connect the ethernet cable from any of the
Ethernet ports on the broadband modem to the
LAN/Ethernet port of your computer.
Attach the power adapter to the modem, plug it
in and switch it on. Verify the connectivity of all the
devices before you begin the set up process.
7. Wireless Modem
7.1. Description
A wireless modem is a modem that bypasses the
telephone system and connects directly to a wireless
network, through which it can directly access the
Internet connectivity provided by an Internet service
provider (ISP).
Wireless modems may be prebuilt into
smartphones, mobile phones and personal data
assistants (PDAs), or they may be distributed in the
form of USB, serial or wireless firewall modems.
Other types of wireless modems range from the size
of a cable modem to the size of a credit card or
smaller.

Support a maximum data transmission rate of
19.2 Kbps..

Today, smartphones, PDAs and mobile phones
can be used as data modems, creating a wireless
access point for a personal computer Internet
connection or connection to a proprietary network.
Nearly all cell phones support the Hayes Command
Set standard, allowing the phone to appear as an
external modem when connected via USB, serial
cable, IrDA infared or Bluetooth wireless; however,
not all wireless cell phone providers allow this, and
some charge an extra fee for it.
Page | 6
7.5. Application
Modems can be installed in remote locations at
off-site locations, tight enclosures, or inside sensitive
locations. Certain applications can be controlled
remotely via the modem without having to make a
visit to the actual location. This can save time and
money in travel costs, but can also prevent accidents
or issues due to the possibility for quick reaction
times and instant configuration changes if needed.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Plug in the power to your CLEAR modem

Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the
CLEAR modem and the other end to the Internet
port of your wireless router.
Plug in the power to your wireless router.
Configure your computer to connect to your
wireless network.
PCMCIA modems and PCMCIA fax modems
enable computers to transmit data over telephone
lines. Because computer data is digital and
information sent over phone lines is transmitted in
analog waves, a modem (modulator-demodulator) is
needed to convert between these forms. Fax modems
are similar to data modems, but are designed to
transmit and receive documents to and from a fax
machine, or another fax modem. Both PCMCIA
modems and PCMCIA fax modems take their name
from the Personal Computer Memory Card
Association (PCMCIA), the organization that
develops and maintains standards for PCMCIA
cards. Originally known as PC cards and used to add
memory to portable computers, PCMCIA cards are
now used in many applications

Speeds range up to 56 kbps.

channel.
8.5. Application
PoSis one of the most heavily used applications
by the everyday consumer. Anytime you pay via
credit card or debit card there is a modem (dial-up
or broadband) behind it transferring that data and
returning an approval or denial quickly and in the
case of dial-up solutions with less costs associated.
8. PCMCIA Modem
8.1. Description
PCMCIA modems that are build specifically for
the PCMCIA slot in a laptop. For laptops an internal
modem (PCMCIA) is almost a necessity to prevent
having to carry an external modem around with your
laptop.

1 Boot up your computer. Insert the installation
disk that shipped with your PCMCIA modem card or
download and double-click the required software for
your card.
2 Follow the onscreen prompts to begin the
installation.
Page | 7
3 Remove the PCMCIA modem card from its

antistatic packaging. Insert the card when directed to
do so by the installation program.
4 Allow Windows the opportunity to detect and
to install the drivers for the card, then finish the
installation.

Radio modems transfer data wirelessly across a
range of up to tens of kilometres. Using radio
modems is a modern way to create Private Radio
Networks (PRN). Private radio networks are used in
industrial critical applications, when real-time data
communication is needed. Also Radio Data Modem
enables user to be independent of telecommunication
or satellite network operators.
9.5. Application
Applications of radio modems are limited just by
imagination. Today radio modems are used in video
security applications to mining applications and from
oil and gas platforms to sports. Here are some
examples, which can help you visualize how you can
make best use of radio modem technology:
9. Radio Modem
9.1. Description
Industrial radio modems encode, transmit
and decode the data. They use radio waves for data
transmission. And this medium of transmission gives
user a lot of advantage over the wired data transfer.
A radio modem transmits data several kilometers
over a wireless connection to another radio modem
over a point-to-point or -multipoint link. Radio
modems are independent of mobile and satellite
network operators and no cost is thus associated with
transferring data. Private radio modem networks can
use either unlicenced (e.g. ISM) or licenced
frequency bands (UHF, VHF).

900MHz spread spectrum, Frequency Hopping,
115Kbps, 2x RS232
Video surveillance: Wired connectivity of

video cameras used for surveillance systems in large,
widespread geographic area has limitations. It is
costly and difficult to maintain. Radio modems
overcome this limitation. They transmit video
surveillance information in the form of radio waves
to central surveillance unit, where another radio
modem receives it and decodes it. It saves huge
wiring expense and maintenance costs.
Mining: Mining is possibly the biggest
industry
using
industrial
radio
modem
communication. Radio modems find many
applications in mining such as data communication
between moving units to centralized data center,
automated ore processing and water treatment
applications.
Oil Platforms: Wired data communication
between offshore oil platforms and land based
control units can be very expensive and difficult to
maintain. Radio modems are used extensively for oil
data acquisition systems.
Sports: Sports are also not far behind in using
radio modem technology. Long distance outdoor
sports such as marathons, cycle races, and car rallies
use of radio modems to keep track of participants at
every crucial location.
Page | 8

Optimum installation of the antenna is
influenced by a number of factors. The topology of
the radio network, the separation of radio points, and
the terrain profile between them, and conditions for
signal propagation all influence the type of antenna
to be used and where it should be located. Sometimes
the appearance of the structure on which the antenna
is to be located and the possibility of its damage in
publicly accessible places should also be taken into
consideration. Generally it can be said that for pointto-point type connections directional antennas are
used, and for more remote points and points with a
poorer signal multilink directional antennas with
greater gain are used. The height of the antenna
above ground level may improve the quality of the
signal. The standard height of approx 5 m can be
increased several fold, but always in consideration of
the length of the antenna lead, because each coaxial
cable used has its own defined attenuation. For
longer leads coaxial cables with lower attenuation
are used and generally these have a larger crosssection, worse mechanical properties and are more
expensive. When using external antennas we
recommend protecting the radio modem with
overvoltage protection on the coaxial cable.
9.7. Sample picture of the modem
Page | 9
References
[1] Fax Modem, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax_modem
[2] Fax Modem, http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/fax_modem.html
[3] Types of Modem, Retrieve from http://mama.indstate.edu/users/tommy/kiko/types.htm
[4] Types of Modem, Retrieve fromhttp://www.ustudy.in/node/5016
[5] Types of Modem, http://thegadgetsquare.com/1117/what-is-modem-and-types-of-modems/
[6] External Modem, http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/42937/external-modem
[7] External Modem, http://www.techopedia.com/definition/3002/external-modem
[8] ISDN Model, Retrieve fromhttp://www.tech-faq.com/isdn-modem.html
[9] Internal Modem, http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/45168/internal-modem
[10] DSL Modem, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_modem
[11] Transmission Method, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line#Transmission_methods
[12] COMMUNICATIONS - MODEMS - TYPES OF MODEMS, Retrieve from
http://home.olemiss.edu/~misbook/cs11.htm
[13] Wireless Modem, http://www.techopedia.com/definition/3019/wireless-modem
[14] Installing DSL Modems. (n.d.). Retrieve from
http://www.ehow.com/how_2008981_install-dsl-modem.html#ixzz2X9979oyd
[15] Installing Cable Modems. (n.d.). Retrieve from
http://www.ehow.com/how_2076415_install-cable-modem.html#ixzz2X95QLUaU
[16] Maxwell Payne. Installing IDSN Modems. (n.d.). Retrieve from
http://www.ehow.com/how_5063494_setup-isdn-modem.html#ixzz2X9DZXXDG
[17] Installing IDSN Modems. (n.d.). Retrieve from
http://www.ehow.com/how_5063494_setup-isdn-modem.html#ixzz2X9DZXXDG
[18] Modem, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem
[19] Radio Modem, http://www.esis.com.au/Modems-industrial/Radio_Modems.htm
[20] Radio Modem, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_modem
[21] Installing an Internal Modem. (n.d.). Retrieve from
http://www.ehow.com/how_9349_install-external-modem.html#ixzz2X9RvFRlr
Page | 10

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1.

send a fax by using the fax phone number as the

1.7 Sample picture of the modem

1.4 Mode of Transmission

1.6. Mode of Installation

2.3. Transmission Speed

2.4 Mode of Transmission

pattern resembles the flow of automobile traffic on a

8 Insert the installation diskette or CD (if you

2.7 Sample picture of the modem

2.6. Mode of Installation

4 Connect one end of the phone cord to the

3.3. Transmission Speed

3.4 Mode of Transmission

3.6. Mode of Installation

3.7 Sample picture of the modem

4.3. Transmission Speed

4.4 Mode of Transmission

logging, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

4.6. Mode of Installation

4.7 Sample picture of the modem

5. Integrated Services Digital Network

5.3. Transmission Speed

Interface (PRI), also called primary rate access

Install any service provider software or drivers

5.7 Sample picture of the modem

5.4 Mode of Transmission

5.6. Mode of Installation

A DSL router consists of a box which has an

6.3. Transmission Speed

It delivers data symmetrically at T1 data rates of

6.4 Mode of Transmission

6.6. Mode of Installation

6.7 Sample picture of the modem

7.3. Transmission Speed

7.4 Mode of Transmission

7.6. Mode of Installation

Plug in the power to your CLEAR modem

1.7 Sample picture of the modem

8.3. Transmission Speed

8.4 Mode of Transmission

8.6. Mode of Installation

3 Remove the PCMCIA modem card from its

8.7 Sample picture of the modem

9.4 Mode of Transmission

9.3. Transmission Speed

Video surveillance: Wired connectivity of

9.6. Mode of Installation

9.7. Sample picture of the modem

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