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Anxiety/Nervousness: Weallgetit,eventhoseofuswhoineffectdoitforaliving.
Why?Weallwanttobeliked andasaruleweseethatstandingupinfrontofalargegroupof
peoplehasgreatpotentialforsomethingtobesaidthatthosewatchinguswillnotlike.Ifthey
dontlikewhatwesaytheymaynotlikeus.Alsoiftheyseewearenervoustheymayperceive
ourcharacterinacertainmannerthatmaysithappilyorunhappilywiththem.
Itisprobablyalldowntogenetics andourattractiontotheoppositesexthereforeifwegetit
wrongithurtsandasaruleweperceivesettingourselvesuptopotentiallyfailasariskthat
possiblylimitsourchancesintheworld.
Canweavoidnerves? Theanswertothisisprobablynot,althoughwecandomanythingsto
helppreventanxiety.
Ifwecanreduceanxietybybeingpreparedrehearsedandcredible wewillhavegonealong
waytomakingsureweareperceivedhowwewishtobe.
ManywritersonthesubjectadvocatetheuseofthesixWs(BaguleyandBateman,2003).
Direction Gothroughthelistonthescreenandtelltheaudiencethatwewillthenreview
eachoneinturn.
WhoamIgoingtoaddress? Itisimportantwereviewthisfirstasitshapesthepresentation.
Anaudienceofnovices
Weneedtobecarefulherethatwedontgointotoomuchdepththatonlymoreexperienced
researchesintothetopicmightunderstand.
Weneedtomakesurewedontusetechnicaljargon.
Weneedtokeepthingssimple
Makesomedecisionsastohowmuchweneedtoleaveoutofthetopic.Whatkeypointsdowe
wanttogetacross?
Anaudienceofexpertsinthesubject
Wemustbecarefulnottobesuperficial Wecanmakeassumptionsaboutwhatisalready
known.
Wecanusetechnicaljargon
Wecanbemorecomplex
Amixtureofboth
Probablyhavethemostdifficulttaskheretryingnottoalienatebothpartiesbyeitherbeingtoo
simplisticortoocomplex.
Whatsizeaudiencewillbepresent?
Thiswillaffectyourpresentationifyouwanttousegrouptaskstoprovidenaturalbreaks.Once
theaudiencepassesacertainsizeyoureallyhavenochoicebuttopresenttothemina
passivemanner.
What? WhatisitIwanttosay?
Youcannottellthemeverythingsodecidewhatisityouwanttogetacross totheaudience?In
yourcasewhatImputtingovertoyouisthatwithproperpreparationyoucansignificantly
reduceyouranxietyandmakegoodpresentations.
Thatisthemainpointoftoday.IknowthatonceyourealisedyouhadtodoapresentationALL
ofyouwouldbethinkingabouttheshearterror youhaveofdoingoneandwouldconcentrate
onlittleelse.Thereisthereforelittlepointinmegoingonaboutanythingelsetodowithhowto
presentthatdoesntaddressthisfear.
YoulllistentomebecausewhatImtellingyouislikelytohelpyouovercomeyourfearof
presenting,NOTbecauseitmayhelpyoumakeabetterpresentation.
Where? Whereisthevenue?
Doyouknowwhereyouaregoing? Isthereacarpark?Whatistrafficlikeinthearea?
Arrivinglateisboundtoincreaseyouranxiety sothinkaheadandmakeplanstogettothe
venuewellaheadofschedule.Haveabackupplan andmakesureyouhavethevenuephone
number withyouforemergencies.
Whatfacilitiesareavailable? OverheadProjector,PowerPoint,novisualaids. CheckBEFORE
youstartwhatfacilitiesareavailable otherwiseagreatdealofworkcangotowaste.Havea
backupplan.OverheadspreprintedfromyourPowerPointslidesarealwayshandyasare
copiesoftheslidesreadyfordistribution.Withthese,apartfromthingsoutofyourcontrolsuch
asfiresearthquakesetc,youcanalwaysfunction.
Whatistheroomlayout? Doyouneedamplification tobeheard?Iftheroomislargeandyou
donotfellyoucanprojectthenaskwhatfacilitiesthereareforamplification.Manyplacesdo
havethembuttheyarelockedawayasthegetstolen.Soask.Ifusingamplificationtestitfirst
tomakesureitworksandyouarenotdeafening.
Arethereanyproblemsbeingseen? Youcanbeaskedtopresentinoddshapedrooms.Check
everyonecanseeyou.Ifthereareblindspotsmarkthemwithsometapeonthefloor soyou
knowwherenottogo.
When? Whenisit?
Peoplewillbemorealertatdifferenttimesoftheday Afterlunch isnotagoodtimeas
everyoneisnaturallysleepyafterameal[Ifyouevergetthisslottryandmoveit]Thisagain
comesdowntopreparationandknowingwhatishappeningatavenuebeforeyouarrive.
IdsuggestthatMondaymorningsandFridayafternoons arenotgoodtimesforstudents.
Howlongisyourpresentationfor?
Findouthowmuchyouhavetodo.Thiswillaffectwhatyoudecidetoleaveinandoutofyour
presentation.Thiswillalsohelpyourehearse yourtimingscorrectly.Youllgetnothanksfor
goingon toolong.
Manytimeswedopresentationsbecausewevebeentoldbysomeoneelsetodoso,often
becausetheydontwanttodoit themselves.Viewthisaspositive becauseifyoudoagoodjob
youwillbeperceivedbythoseintheorganisationhighly andtheywillvalueyouso.Whenit
comestonegotiatingapayriseorredundancythenyoullalwaysgetthevotefromonhighif
youaredoingsomethingtheydontwanttodo.Thedownsideisthatifyoudoitbadlythenit
canbedamaging.
Persuadingothersofourviews Oftenpresentingisusedinsalesasamethodofsale.
Rememberitisessentialtoknowwhatyouraudiencewants tohearinthistypeofpresentation
asthisiswhatwillconvincethemtogiveyouthejob.
Presentationisnowquiteoftenbeingusedinjobinterviewsaswell.Tellusaboutyourselfand
yourcurrentrole.WhileyouaredoingititalsotellsthemaboutyourCREDIBILITY aswellwhich
welladdresslater.
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Decidingonyourformatisimportantandrequirespreplanningagain.Contactorcheck
outthevenuetoseewhatisavailableBEFOREstarting.
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Gatheringmaterial Youcannotskimponthisasyouneedtoknowyourtopicbefore
youcantalkaboutit.Youwillalwaysbemorerelaxedifyouknowwhatyouaretalking
aboutandthishelpsyourCREDIBILITY.
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Thisisspecifictoyourassessment.Ourlibrariesareacademic,notnecessarily
vocational,andasaresultmuchofthetexttheyhaveonvocationaltopicssuchas
presentationisnotasuptodateasitmightbe.Inmanyinstancesyoumightbebetter
accessingyourlocallibraryfortexts.
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Sketchoutwhatyouwanttoachieveandmakereferencestothetextsreadwithpage
numbers soyoucanfindwhatyouwantwhenyouarefinallypreparingyour
presentation.
TheaboveisanexampleofmynotesthatIpreparedbeforeIstartedmakingthis
presentation.IhaventnecessarilykepttoallIthoughtaboutbutithashelped
considerably.
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Giveyourselfsomechanceofcompletingthepresentationbyhavingaguidethrough.
Rememberyoucanbesidetrackedbyquestionsordisruptionsandyouwanttomakesureyou
includeALLthepoints youhadinmind.
Someformofmapactsasamethodofmakingsureyoudothis.Alsoifyoucannotgetlost
becauseyouhavethesethenyouknowyoucannotgetlost whichwillreduceanxiety.This
helpsyourelax andbydoingsoincreasescredibility.
Itwillalsohelpyoustaytotime becauseifyouverehearsedincludingthepointsyouwantthen
leavinganyoutwillalteryourtimingsandtheflow ofwhatyouaresaying.
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Lastpointsaysitall:Aretheypresentationsorannouncements?
Youneedtobecarefulwiththistypeofmap. Seemveryboringifyoujustread whatisonthe
script.Youtendtoreadinamonotone whichisverydullindeed.
Alsoyourheadisdown soyoudonotpickupfeedbackfromyouraudience.Youdonthaveeye
contact withyouraudienceeither.Goodeyecontactwithafriendlyfacecanreallyhelpasit
givesyouencouragement.
Nospontaneity meansitisdifficultforyoutogiveanenthusiasticperformance.
Onewaytraffic Youtalktheylisten.
Direction Exampleofstudentsinthepastwhohavejustputtheirheadsdownandreadout
loud
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Thisisthebestwayinmyviewalthoughyouneedtochosewhichisbestforyou afteryouve
hadsomeexperience.Allowsyoutofleshout whatyouwanttosaywithoutreadingit.This
meansyoucanhaveeyecontactwithyouraudienceandgaintheirfeedback.
Youcanalsoputindirection.Whatdowemeanbythis?Againratherlikeascriptfromaplay
whereyouseethingssuchasGraspsherleftarmandfallstothegroundbegginghertomarry
himwiththewords IfIusethistypeofdirectionIputitinitalicsinthenotes.Youwillseesome
inthispresentationwhenyoudownloadandreview.
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Cuecardsmeancommittingmoretomemory.Idsuggestuntilyouhavebeenmakingthesame
presentationagreatdealthencuecardsaremoredifficulttousewhenyoufirststart.
Advantagesareyourheadisup.
Youarelookingatyouraudience.Thisisallaboutconnectionandcredibilityagainwhichwewill
getto.
Printcuecardslargesoyoucanseethemwithoutappearingtolook.
Keeptheminordersoifyoudropthemtheystayinorder.
Direction TellthemthejokeaboutthetwocomediansonTheRoyalVarietyshow BobHope
anda.n.other
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Letsbestraightaboutthisyoucannotdoitwithoutbeingrehearsed.Whatyouoften
seeasspontaneousisnotthecase.
Direction TellthestoryaboutFrankCarsoninSpain. TellthestoryaboutMichael
ParkinsonandRodHullandEmu.
Thinkofaninstancewhenithashappenedtoyou.Direction Pausewhileindividuals
considerthequestion.
Direction TellthestoryofthelectureatCMSwiththeresearchstudenthandedthe
roleinsteadofthetutor.
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Thisisaquiteafamousquote.ProblemisIcantrememberwhosaidit,soitcantbe
thatfamous!
Getsthepointoverthoughverysuccinctly.Anyofyouwithhobbieswillknowthis.The
moreyoudosomethingthemoreskilledyouget.Thatevenincludesshoppingforthe
ladies.Youllallknowwheretogoandwherenottobotherforcertainitems!
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Alcohol Itdoesnotwork.Weveallbeenthereandwokenupthenextdayeitherregretting
whatwevesaidordone.Why?Itlowersyouinhibitionsasyoulosereceptivity tothosearound
you.Inpresentationsknowingwhetheryourepresentationisworkinghelpsagreatdeal.Alsoif
youcantellyouaregoingdownOKthisboostsyouconfidence andthishelpsyourelax and
againincreasescredibility.Italsocausesyoutooverestimateyourskillsandlosetimingwhich
cancausedifficulty.
Jokes Becarefulasjokesdontalwaystravel.KenDoddandmanycomedianshavegiggle
mapsoftheUKonwhichtheymapwhatjokesgodownwellinwhatpartsofthecountry.Also
howreceptiveisyouraudience T.V.showsoftenhavewarmupmensothatwhenthestars
comeonthentheytheaudienceisalreadywarm.
Direction TelltheMichaelBarrymorestory
Adlibs Thesearehardlyeverrealandcanbeverydangerousasanillthoughtoutoffthecuff
remarkcanbeveryoffensivetosome.Ifyouaregoingtousethemthenmakesureyouplan
beforewhatyouaregoingtodo.Mostcomediansandpresentershaveabankofadlibsand
havedevelopedwhatworksovertheyears.
Swearing Notagoodidea.Youmightthinkitgetsyouclosertoyouraudiencebutinrealityall
audiencesknowthatwenearlyallswearbutalsoknowthatdoingsowithinapresentationis
justnotright.
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TheaudiencesviewofyouisimportantbutwhentheyviewyoutheydontjustSeeandhear
youTheyinterpretwhattheysee
Itisthesecondone, theinterpretation,thattheinfluenceofanumberofkeyfactorscreeps
intotheequation.
Yourbelievabilitywillbeinfluencedby:
Whattheaudienceexpectstosee IfyouturnupinjeansandaTshirttomakeaformal
presentationtosetofaccountantsthenyoullimmediatelybeoutofplace,andassuchharder
tobelieve.
Whattheaudiencethinkstheysee Thisisdifficulttobesomethingyouarenotbecanbe
donewithcourage.
Whatsortofsituationtheseeingisdonein IfyouturnupinjeansandaTshirttomakea
presentationtosetofdrugaddictsthenyouaremorelikelytobebelievable.
Whatthebeliefsandattitudesoftheaudienceare Thismaycomeoutintheexamplethat
follows.Isuspectsomesectionsofthecitystillturntheirnosesupatthisindividualeventhough
heisverysuccessful.AnitaRoddickfounderofBodyShopwilltellyoushealwayshadproblems
withcitybankersinsuitswhodidnotunderstandabusinesscouldberunwithothermotives
otherthanprofit.Herattitudesandbeliefsweredifferent,notwrong.
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Therearenodoubtgoodreasonstobeanindividual.Iveneverreallymetasuccessful
businessmanorwomanwhowasntintheirownwayacharacter.Partofbusinessis
aboutgettingyourownwayandcharacterstendtodothis.Doesntmeanyoucannot
learnfromthemifyoudontnecessarilyhavetheirtraits.
Direction TellthemaboutBrianGittingsatICI. TellthemaboutStuartfrom
Stackright.
Yourproblematpresentisthatyoudonthaveanycredibilityandasaresultitishardfor
youtobetakenasseriouslyaswhatyouhavetosaymaymerit,ifyoudonotconform.
Thereforeitisimportantthatyouconformasmuchaspossibleifyouwanttosucceed.
ThatiswhyinpresentationsinTheBusinessSchoolweneedtogetyouintothecorrect
dresssothatyoustarttofeelcomfortableintheenvironment.
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Itisgoodpolicyinthefuturetotryandfindoutthedresscode/organisationalcultureof
whereyouaregoing.
Direction TellstudentsaboutsalestoengineerswithregardtowhatwasBritishRail
andRailtrack Theywouldnothavetakenwelltosomeoneinasharpsuitwhoclearly
wasntpreparedtogettheirhandsdirty!
Itisoftenaboutblendinginsothatyougaincredibility.Isevidencethatwechooseare
partnersbecausetheylooklikeus.Noticehowcouplestendtogrowalike.
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Quiteoftenwehearstudentssaythatgroupworkhasbeendifficultduetoothermembersof
thegroupnotcontributing.Thisisaproblembutitisalsoafactoflife intheworkplaceaswell.
Thisisoneofthereasonswehavegroupworkonthismoduleasitisameansofintroducingyou
tomanagementofagroup.
Thereforeweexpectyoutosortoutanyproblemsamongstyourselves.Howeverifthisproves
impossiblethenwhenyoucometoseeusyouwillneedtoshowusevidenceofthe
managementofthegroupandthenonefulfilmentofthetaskbythemember.Thismeans
minutesofmeetings,emailsetc.Wewillthentakeactionagainstthegroupmemberandadvise
youhowtoproceed.Weshouldmakeitclearthatasinindustrywewillstillexpectacomplete
presentationwhateverthecircumstances andifthatmeansyouhavetodoextratocoverthisis
yourproblem.
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Quiteoftenwehearstudentssaythatgroupworkhasbeendifficultduetoothermembersof
thegroupnotcontributing.Thisisaproblembutitisalsoafactoflife intheworkplaceaswell.
Thisisoneofthereasonswehavegroupworkonthismoduleasitisameansofintroducingyou
tomanagementofagroup.
Thereforeweexpectyoutosortoutanyproblemsamongstyourselves.Howeverifthisproves
impossiblethenwhenyoucometoseeusyouwillneedtoshowusevidenceofthe
managementofthegroupandthenonefulfilmentofthetaskbythemember.Thismeans
minutesofmeetings,emailsetc.Wewillthentakeactionagainstthegroupmemberandadvise
youhowtoproceed.Weshouldmakeitclearthatasinindustrywewillstillexpectacomplete
presentationwhateverthecircumstances andifthatmeansyouhavetodoextratocoverthisis
yourproblem.
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