Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
limba engleza
Direct and indirect (reported) speech
Vorbirea directa si vorbirea indirecta in engleza
Sunt 2 moduri in care putem reda ceea ce o persoana a spus: modul direct (vorbirea directa) si
modul indirect (vorbirea indirecta).
In direct speech, we repeat the original speakers exact words: - vorbirea directa
He said, "I have lost my umbrella." (El spuse: Mi-am pierdut umbrela.)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (" ... "). Direct speech is found in
conversations in books, in plays and in quotations.
In indirect speech, we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using
the speakers exact words:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella. (El spuse c i-a pierdut umbrella.) - vorbirea indirecta
There is no comma after say in indirect speech. That can usually be omitted after say and tell +
object. But it should be kept after other verbs: complain, explain, object, point out,
protest etc. Indirect speech is normally used when conversation is reported verbally, although direct
speech is sometimes used for a more dramatic effect.
When we turn direct speech into indirect (reported) speech, some changes are usually necessary.
TENSE CHANGES
1. Indirect Speech can be introduced by a verb in a present tense:
He sais that . (El a spus c.)
- vorbirea indirecta
= reporting a conversation that is still going on
= reading a letter and reporting what it sais
= reading instructions and reporting them
= reporting a statement that someone makes very often: Tom sais that he ll never get married.
2. Indirect Speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense: - vorbirea indirecta
1.
1.
- vorbirea indirecta
Unreal past tenses after wish, would rather/sooner and it is time do not change:
"It s time we began planning our holidays" he said. = He said that it was time they began
planning their holidays.
(Este timpul s ncepem s ne planificm concediul. Spuse el. = El spuse c era timpul s
nceap s i planifice concediul.)
2.
3.
Pronouns and possessive adjectives usually change from first or second to third person, except
when the speaker is reporting his own words:
I said, "I like my new house" = I said that I liked my new house.
(Am spus: mi place casa mea nou. = El a spus c i plcea casa lui nou.)
This used in time expressions usually becomes that. This, these used as pronouns can become it,
they/them.
He said, "We will discuss them tomorrow". = He said that they will discuss it (the matter) the
next day.
(El a spus: Vom discuta (problema) mine. = El a spus c vor discuta (problema) yiua
urmtoare.)
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/ year etc.
Last week/ year etc.
A year ago
That day
The day before
Two days before
The next day/ the following day
In two days time
The following week/ year etc.
The previous week/ year etc.
A year before/ the previous year