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Lecture-09
Analysis and Design of Two-way Slab
System without Beams
(Flat Plate and Flat Slabs)
By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali
Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@nwfpuet.edu.pk
mumarbsc@yahoo.com
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
CE 5115
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Topics Addressed
y Two Way Slabs
y Behavior
y Types
y Analysis and Design Considerations
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Topics Addressed
y Direct Design Method
z
Introduction
Limitations
Frame marking
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25
25
20
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20
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Short
Direction
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20
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Long
Direction
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As these imaginary strips are part of monolithic slab, the deflection at any
point, of the two orthogonal slab strips must be same:
a = b
(5/384)wala4/EI = (5/384)wblb4/EI
wa/wb = lb4/la4
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wa = wb (lb4/la4)
Wall Supported
Beam supported
Flat Plate
Flat slab
Waffle Slab
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y Design
y Once the analysis is done,
done the design is carried out in the
usual manner. So no problem in design, problem is only in
analysis of slabs.
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One-Way Slab
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25
25
25
25
Exterior Frame
20
Interior Frame
20
Interior Frame
20
Exterior Frame
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25
25
25
20
E-W Frames
N-S
Frames
20
20
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2ll1 /3
2
l1
l1
l2
Rectangular slab
panels (2 or less:1)
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Column offset
l2 /10
16
15
15
If 10
10
15
15
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15
15
If <10
<10
15
15
17
25
25
25
25
Exterior Frame
Interior Frame
20
20
Interior Frame
Exterior Frame
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18
An interior frame
25
25
25
25
Interior Frame
l2
20
l1
20
20
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25
25
25
Interior Frame
l2
Panel Centerline
Col Centerline
20
l1
Panel Centerline
20
20
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10
25
25
25
Exterior Frame
l2
h2/2
20
l1
20
20
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
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Middle Strip: Middle strips are design strips bounded by two column
strips.
25
25
25
25
l2
l2
20
20
20
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11
Because the slab portion on the column centerline will offer more
resistance than the rest of the slab.
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
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25
25
25
25
b) Middle Strip
20
l2
M.S/2
CS/2
CS/2
CS
C.S
M.S/2
20
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4
ln
20
l1
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12
column
l
strip
t i width:
idth l1/4 or (l2)B/4,
/4 whichever
hi h
iis minimum
i i
(l2)A
-Middle strip
Column strip
-Middle
Middle strip
ln
column strip width: l1/4 or (l2)A/4, whichever is minimum
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25
25
25
b) Middle Strip
20
l2
5
5
10
5
20
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4
ln
l2/4 = 20/4 = 5
20
l1
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26
13
Mo =
wu l2 ln2
20
Mo
ln
l2
20
20
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25
25
20
M+
M = 0.65Mo
M + = 0.35
0.35Mo
25
20
20
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14
25
25
25
20
M = 0.65Mo
0.60M +
0.75M
M + = 0.35
0.35Mo
0.75M
20
20
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Mo =
wu l2 ln2
8
20
Mo
ln
l2
20
20
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15
Mext = 0.26Mo
M ext+ = 0.5
0.52Mo
25
25
25
20
Mext+
Mext
Mint
20
Mint- = 0.70Mo
20
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25
25
25
20
Mext = 0.26Mo
1.00Mext
0.75Mint
0.60Mext+
M ext+ = 0.5
0.52Mo
20
Mint- = 0.70Mo
20
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16
25
25
25
Mext = 0.26Mo
M ext+ = 0.52Mo
Mint- = 0.70Mo
20
1.00Mext
0.75Mint
0.60Mext+
0.60M+
0.75M
0.75M
20
M - = 0.65Mo
M + = 0.35Mo
20
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25
25
25
20
20
20
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
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17
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Take hf = 10
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36
18
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25
25
25
25
Interior Frame
l2
Panel Centerline
20
Col Centerline
l1
Panel Centerline
20
20
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19
25
25
25
25
b) Middle Strip
20
l2
Half Column stripp
5
5
5
10
20
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4
ln
l2/4 = 20/4 = 5
20
l1
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25
25
25
Mo = wul2ln2/8
20
= 540 ft-kip
Mo = 540 ft-k
Mo = 540 ft-k
l2
20
ln =23.83
l1
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20
40
20
25
25
25
20
Mext+
Mext
M+
Mint- M
20
20
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41
25
25
281
189
25
25
20
140
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
378 351
351
20
20
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42
21
25
25
25
20
0.75Mint 0.75M
1.00Mext
0.60Mext+
0.75M
0.60M+
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
20
20
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43
25
25
20
0.75Mint 0.75M
140
0.60Mext+
0.75M
0.60M+
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
20
25
20
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44
22
25
25
25
20
0.75Mint 0.75M
140
168
0.75M
113
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
20
20
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45
25
25
20
283
140
168
263
263
113
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
20
75 % of Mint- goes to
column strip and
remaining to middle strip
25
20
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46
23
25
25
20
0
112/2
94/2
283
140
88/2
76/2
88/2
263
263
168
M = 0.65M
0 65Mo = 351
M + = 0.35Mo = 189
25
113
112/2
94/2
88/2
76/2
88/2
20
20
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25
112/2
11.2
9.4
94/2
283
28.3
140
14.0
168
16.8
8.8
88/2
76/2
7.6
25
8.8
88/2
25
20
263
26.3
26.3
263
11.3
113
10 column strip
55 half middle strip
20
20
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48
24
Mo = 285.68 ft-kip
Mext- = 0.26Mo = 74
Mext+ = 0.52Mo = 148
Mint- = 0.70Mo = 200
25
25
74
89
150
140
60
140
59
50
46
40
46
25
l2 =10.58
20
20
M - = 0.65Mo = 186
M + = 0.35Mo = 100
20
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Mo = 285.68 ft-kip
25
25
13.26
15.94
26.8
25.1
10.75
25.1
11.87
10
9.2
9.2
Mext- = 0.26Mo = 74
Mext+ = 0.52Mo = 148
Mint- = 0.70Mo = 200
25
l2 =10.58
20
20
M - = 0.65Mo = 186
M + = 0.35Mo = 100
20
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25
25
Mo = 421.5 ft-kip
Mext- = 0.26Mo = 110
Mext+ = 0.52Mo = 219
Mint- = 0.70Mo = 295
74/2
110
131
88/2
59/2
25
20
221
206
M - = 0.65Mo = 274
M + = 0.35Mo = 148
25
69/2
20
88.8
206
69/2
20
l2 =25
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25
Mo = 421.5 ft-kip
Mext- = 0.26Mo = 110
Mext+ = 0.52Mo = 219
Mint- = 0.70Mo = 295
4.9
11.0
13.1
8.8
3.9
20
8.88
20.6
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20
4.6
4.6
l2 =25
25
22.1
20.6
M - = 0.65Mo = 274
M + = 0.35Mo = 148
25
20
52
26
Mo = 220.5 ft-kip
Mext = 0.26Mo = 58
Mext+ = 0.52Mo = 114
Mint = 0.70Mo = 154
M = 0.65Mo = 143
M + = 0.35Mo = 77
58
69
45
115.5
25
25
25
20
38.5
107.3 35.75
46.2
20
30.8
107.3 35.75
l2 =13.08
20
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Mo = 220.5 ft-kip
10.4
Mext = 0.26Mo = 58
Mext+ = 0.50Mo = 110
Mint = 0.70Mo = 154
12.32 6
M = 0.65Mo = 143
M + = 0.35Mo = 77
20.69
25
25
20
5.13
19.2
4.76
8.27
4.12
19.2
4.76
20
l2 =13.08
25
20
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54
27
25
25
15.94
26.8
25.1
10.75
25.1
11.87
10
9.2
9.2
9.4
28.3
14.0
25
25
20
7.6
26.3
26.3
16.8
0
25
25
11.3
8.8
11.2
8.8
20
20
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00
11.0
8.8
13.1
8.8
5.13 4.9
22.1
12.32 6
20.69
25
25
19.2
4.76
8.27
4.12
3.9
8.88
19.2
4.76
4.6
20.6
4.6
20.6
25
25
25
25
20
4.6
20
4.6
20
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56
28
14.9
(15.94)
24
24
(26.8) (25.1)
10.0
(10.75)
24
(25.1)
0
(0)
11.0
(11.87)
8
8
(10) (9.2)
8
(8)
6.8
(9.2)
20
(14)
16.0
(16.8)
28
28
(28.3) (26.3)
10.5
(11.3)
28
(26.3)
20
(14)
16.0
(16.8)
28
28
(28) (26.3)
10.5
(11.3)
28
(26.3)
0
(0)
12.5
(11.2)
9
9
(9.4) (8.8)
8
(7.6)
7.7
(8.8)
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4.5
(0)
10
(11.9)
7
(5.8)
12
9
(12.7) (12.7)
7
(5.6)
20
(20.69)
2.6
(5.13)
22
22
(22.1) (22.1)
1.8
(5.13)
20
(19.2)
1.5
(4.76)
22
22
(20.6) (20.6)
1
(4.6)
9
(8.27)
4.5
(4.12)
9
9
(8.88) (8.88)
3.8
(4.12)
25
(11)
25
(11)
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4.5
(0)
58
29
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
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Calculation summary
z
Slab thickness hf = 10
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60
30
25
68
116
107
46.4
107
23
19.3
18
15.5
18
36.5
219
108.6
25
20
29.2
204
204
130
0
25
88
33.9
43.4
33.9
20
20
20
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17.7
101
33.9
14.9 4.9
28.5
171
44.3
53.2
89.5
25
83.1
13.9
35 8
35.8
11 9
11.9
83.1
13.9
00
159
22.8
39
3.9
25
20
26.5
20
20
68 4
68.4
159
25
26.5
20
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31
20
20
20
15
15
15
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Calculation summary
z
Slab thickness hf = 8
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64
32
20
29.7
50
46.5
20
46.5
9.9
8.3
7.7
6.7
7.7
15.6
93.8
46.5
20
15
12.5
87.1
87.1
55.8
0
20
37.5
14.5
18.6
14.5
15
15
15
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65
21.2
7.1
35.7
5.9
33.1
5.5
14 3
14.3
48
4.8
33.1
5.5
20
00
4.9
11.3
33.6
40.4
13.5
20
15
67.9
63.1
9.1
33.9
9
20
10.5
15
15
27 2
27.2
63.1
10.5
15
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66
33
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3/4
Support
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68
34
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69
placed
closer to the top or bottom surface of the slab, respectively, with the
larger effective depth because of greater moment in long direction.
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35
ACI 13.3.8.5 requires that all bottom bars within the column strip in
each direction be continuous or spliced with length equal to 1.0 ld , or
mechanical or welded splices.
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36
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37
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38
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Topics
y Shear in Slabs Without Beams
y Two-way
o ay sshear
ea (pu
(punch
c out sshear)
ea )
y Shear strength of slab in punching shear
y Various Design Options for Shear
y Example
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39
In addition to flexure, flat plates shall also be designed for two way shear
(punch out shear) stresses.
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40
Column
Slab
Tributary Area, At
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d/2
d/2
81
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41
bo = 2(c1+d)+2(c2+d)
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bo = 2(c1+d/2)+ (c2+d)
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42
Vn = Vc + Vs
Vc is least of:
z
4 (fc)bod
(2 + 4/c) (fc)bod
{(sd/bo +2}
2} (fc)b
)bod
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Increasing d ,depth of slab: This can be done by increasing the slab depth
as a whole or in the vicinity of column (Drop Panel)
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43
Integral beams
Bent Bars
Shear heads
Shear studs
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44
Column Capital:
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90
45
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46
In drop panels, the slab thickness in the vicinity of the columns is increased
to increase the shear capacity (Vc = 4 (fc)bod) of concrete.
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d = 10.82
Therefore, h = d+1 12
20/6 = 3.5
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47
ACI 6.4.6 requires that the capital concrete be placed at the same time as
the slab concrete. As a result, the floor forming becomes considerably
more complicated and expensive.
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48
capital
For = 20o, y 7
column
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97
Vertical stirrups
For 4 sides, total
stirrup area is 4
lv
times individual 2
legged stirrup area
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Increased
Horizontal bars
critical
perimeter
98
49
bo = 4R + 4c
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Vc = 156 kips
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50
Four #5 bars are to be provided in each direction to hold the stirrups. We know minimum bo =
111.26
R = (x2 + x2)
bo = 4 (2) x + 4c1
bo = 4 (2){(3/4)(lv c1/2)} + 4c1
Or bo = 4.24lv 2.12c1 + 4c1= 4.24lv + 1.88c1
Therefore lv 20
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51
DDM Limitations:
z
For slabs with beams between supports on all sides (ACI 13.6.1.6):
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103
DDM Limitations:
z
= EcbIb / EcsIs
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104
52
Example on calculation
z
hf = 7, hw = 18, bw = 12
Ib = 33060
20
20
25
OR,
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53
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107
ACI tables 13.6.4.1, 13.6.4.2 and 13.6.4.4 of the ACI are used to
assign moments to column strip.
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108
54
ACI tables 13.6.4.1, 13.6.4.2 and 13.6.4.4 of the ACI are used to
assign moments to column strip.
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109
ACI tables 13.6.4.1, 13.6.4.2 and 13.6.4.4 of the ACI are used to
assign moments to column strip.
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110
55
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111
Graph A4
z
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112
56
Additional
Requirements for
Slab with Beams
z
Lateral Distribution of
Longitudinal Moments
z
as
full
span
length irrespective of
frame location (exterior
or interior).
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113
l2/l1 = 1.3
l2/l1 > 1.
1
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114
57
Additional
Requirements for
Slab with Beams
z
Example on graph A4
z
l2/l1 = 1.3
l2/l1 > 1
65 % of interior
positive
negative
longitudinal
longitudinal
moment
moment
will go towill
column
go to
column
strip
strip
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115
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58
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59
Determination of t:
z
Where walls are used as supports along column lines, they can be
regarded as very stiff beams with an 1l2/l1 value greater than one.
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119
Determination of t:
z
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120
60
Determination of t:
z
Where,
Ecb = Modulus of elasticity of beam concrete;
Ecs = Modulus of elasticity of slab concrete
C = cross-sectional constant to define torsional properties
x = shorter overall dimension of rectangular part of cross section, in.
y = longer overall dimension of rectangular part of cross section, in.
Is = Moment of inertia of slab section spanning in direction l1 and having
width bounded by panel centerlines in l2 direction.
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121
Determination of t:
z
y2
y2
x2
x1
x1
y1
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
x2
y1
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122
61
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123
Determination of t (Example):
t = EcbC/(2EcsIs) = C/ (2Is)
z
hw 4hf = 17
Calculation of C:
7
24
12
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124
62
Determination of t (Example):
t = EcbC/(2EcsIs) = C/ (2Is)
z
Calculation of C:
C = {1 0.6312/24}{123 24/3} + {1 0.637/17}{73 17/3} = 10909 in4
y2 = 17
2
y1= 24
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x2 = 7
1
x =12
1
Advance Design
of Reinforced Concrete Structures
125
Determination of t (Example):
t = EcbC/(2EcsIs) = C/ (2Is)
z
Calculation of C:
C = {1 0.6312/17}{123 17/3} + {1 0.637/29}{73 29/3} = 8249 in4
y2 = 17 + 12 = 29
2
y1= 17
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
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x2 = 7
1
x =12
1
Advance Design
of Reinforced Concrete Structures
126
63
Determination of t (Example):
t = EcbC/(2EcsIs) = C/ (2Is)
z
Calculation of C:
Therefore, C = 10909 in4
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127
Calculation of Is:
Is = bhf3/12 = (20 12) 73/12 = 6860 in4
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128
64
Determination of t (Example):
z
t = C/ (2Is)
= 10909/ (2 6860) = 0.80
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129
Additional
Requirements for
Slab with Beams
z
t = 0.8strip
90 % of exterior negative moment goes to column
Lateral Distribution of
Longitudinal Moments
z
Once t is known,
exterior negative
moment in column strip
can be found. For,
l2/l1 = 1.3
130
65
For 0
0.2
2 m 2:
fy
ln 0.8 +
200,000
h=
36 + 5 ( m 0.2)
For m > 2:
fy
ln 0.8 +
200,000
h=
36 + 9
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66
The reinforcement at exterior ends of the slab shall be provided as per ACI
13.3.6 in top and bottom layers as shown.
The positive and negative reinforcement in any case, should be of a size and
spacing equivalent to that required for the maximum positive moment (per foot
of width) in the panel.
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133
References
y ACI 318-02
y Design of Concrete Structures (Chapter 13)
13), 13th Ed.
Ed by
Nilson, Darwin and Dolan.
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67
The End
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68