8031

Semester 1 2011
The University of Sydney
School of Mathematics & Statistics
MATH2061: Linear Mathematics and Vector Calculus

Time Allowed: Two hours

Lecturers: S Britton, C Cosgrove, F Viera.

This examination paper has 2 sections, Section A and Section B.

Answers to the two sections must be written in two separate writing books.
There are 4 questions in Section A and 4 questions in Section B.
All eight questions are of equal value.
All questions may be attempted; working must be shown.
Unless otherwise indicated, results from the lectures may be used without
proof. Any results you use should be clearly stated.
Approved non-programmable calculators may be used.
No books or notes may be taken into the examination.
A formula sheet for Section B is provided on pages 6 and 7, and a table of
standard integrals on page 8.

8031

Page 1 of 8

Semester 1 2011

SECTION A: Linear Mathematics

Use separate writing booklets for sections A and B.
n x 
o
3
y
1. (a) The set X =

R
|
x
=
y
=
2z
is a subspace of R3 .
z
(i) What is the dimension of X?
(ii) Find a basis for X.
n 1   o
3
1 ,
2
(b) Let Y = Span
R3 .
4

Give a geometric interpretation of Y , and find its Cartesian equation.

   0   
1
2
0
(c) Determine whether or not the vectors 02 , 1
,
are linearly inde0
3
0

pendent.

(d) Let
A = {( xy ) R2 | x 0 and y 0} and B = {( xy ) R2 | x 0 and y 0},
and consider the union of the two sets, A B.
Is A B closed under addition? Justify your answer.

2. (a) Let M =

 2 3 4 1 0 
0 6 6 1 3
0 0 0 1 9
0 0 0 0 0

(i) Find a basis for Col(M ).

(ii) Find a basis for Null(M ).
(b) Let Q = {p0 , p1 , p2 } be a subset of P2 , where p0 (x) = 3x, p1 (x) = 2 x and
p2 (x) = 1 + x2 .
Show that Q is a basis for P2 .
(c) Suppose A is a 3 5 matrix, and that Ax = b is a consistent system of
equations for all b R3 .
(i) What is the dimension of Col(A)? (Give a reason for your answer.)
(ii) What is the dimension of Null(A)? (Give a reason for your answer.)

8031

Page 2 of 8

Semester 1 2011

3 1 3
3. Let A = 1 0 0 .
0 1 0

(a) Find the eigenvalues of A.

(b) Find an eigenvector corresponding to each one of the eigenvalues.

(c) A recurrence relation is defined by a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 1 and
an+3 = 3an+2 + an+1 3an
for n 0.
Find a formula for an in terms of n.


df (x)
4. (a) Let P = f F |
= 2x .
dx
Determine whether or not P is a subspace of F.


df (x)
= 2f (x) .
(b) Let Q = f F |
dx
Determine whether or not Q is a subspace of F.
(c) Let u and v be linearly independent vectors in a vector space V .
Let S = Span{u, v}.
Prove that {u + v, u v} is a basis for S.

(d) Suppose A is an n n matrix, and that 1 and 2 are eigenvalues of A such

that 1 6= 2 .
Let v1 be an eigenvector corresponding to 1 , and v2 be an eigenvector
corresponding to 2 .
Prove that v1 and v2 are linearly independent.

8031

Page 3 of 8

Semester 1 2011

SECTION B: Vector Calculus

Use separate writing booklets for sections A and B.
1. (a) Calculate the arc length of the conical helix having parametric equations,
x = t cos t,

y = t sin t,

z = 3t,

between the points (0, 0, 0) and (cos 1, sin 1, 3). You may use the following
integral (not included in the table of standard integrals on page 8) without
proof:
 
Z
t
t 2
a2
1
2
2
2
sinh
+ C1 .
a + t dt =
a +t +
2
2
a
(b) (i) Calculate the curl of the vector field,
F = ex (sin y) i + (cos y)(ex + z 2 ) j + 2z(sin y) k.
(ii) Find a potential function (x, y, z) such that F = .
(iii) Let the vector field F in part (i) denote a force. Calculate the work done
by that force on a particle that follows a straight-line path from (0, 0, 0)
to (2, 2, 2).

2. (a) Sketch the region of integration and evaluate

Z 4 Z 3x
e2x+y dy dx.
0

(b) The solid sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 R2 has a hole bored through it by the solid
vertical cylinder x2 + y 2 Q2 , where 0 < Q < R. Calculate the volume of
the part of the sphere that is removed.
3
(c) Calculate the work done by the non-conservative force
a
F = x j in moving

particle
hexagon with vertices at ( 3 , 1), (0, 2), ( 3 , 1),
around the regular
( 3 , 1), (0, 2) and ( 3 , 1), in that order. [The recommended method
is to use Greens theorem to express the work as a double integral, and then
do the y-integral first.]

8031

Page 4 of 8

Semester 1 2011

3. (a) Evaluate

ZZZ

(2x + z) dV , where V is the region bounded by the cylinder

V

x2 + y 2 = 4 and the planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 and z = 3.

(b) Evaluate the flux of the vector field F = 18z i 12 j + 3y k across that part
of the plane 2x + 3y + 6z = 12 which is located in the first octant x 0,
y 0 and z 0. Use the unit normal to the plane that points in the positive
z-direction.

4. (a) Find the flux of F = (xz 2 + y) i + (x2 y z) j + (xy 2 + y 2 z) k outwards across

the entire surface of the hemispherical region bounded by z = (1 x2 y 2 )1/2
and z = 0.
p
(b) Let S be the surface of the cone z = x2 + y 2 , 0 z 2, and let
F = y i x j + xyz k. Calculate the integral
ZZ
( F) n dS
S

where n is the unit normal to S, pointing outwards from the surface.

(c) Find the volume of the region bounded by the parabolic cylinder z = 1 x2
and the planes z = 0, y = 0 and y + z = 2.

THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTIONS.

8031

Page 5 of 8

Semester 1 2011

Formula Sheet
Most of the formulas and theorems provided are stated without the conditions under
which they apply. The notation used is the same as that used in lectures.
Line Integrals
s 
 2  2
Z
Z b
2
dy
dz
dx
(x, y, z) ds =
(x(t), y(t), z(t))
+
+
dt.
dt
dt
dt
CZ
a
Z
F dr =
F1 dx + F2 dy + F3 dz = Work done by F along C.
C

Grad

i+
j+
k.
x
y
z
is normal to the tangent plane of the surface (x, y, z) = k, (k a constant).
If F is continuous and equalZto for some , then F is a conservative field, is a
grad = =

potential function of F, and

F dr is path-independent.

Curl

 i


curl F = F = 
 x
F
1

y
F2


k


z 
F3 

If the domain of F is simply connected and F = 0 then F is conservative.

Double integrals over a region R in R2 .
Area of R =

ZZ

dA.
R

ZZ

Volume of the solid under the surface z = f (x, y), over R =

f (x, y) dA.
R
ZZ
ZZ
In polar coordinates:
f (x, y) dA =
f (r cos , r sin )r d dr.
R

Divergence
div F = F =
8031

F1 F2 F3
+
+
.
x
y
z

Page 6 of 8

Semester 1 2011

Greens theorem

I
I
ZZ 
F2 F1

dx dy .
F dr =
F1 dx + F2 dy =
x
y
C
C
R
I
ZZ
In vector form:
F dr =
( F) k dA.
C I
R ZZ
In divergence form:
F n ds =
F dx dy = Flux of F across C.
C

Surface integrals
ZZ
ZZ
q
(x, y, z) dS =
(x, y, f (x, y)) 1 + fx2 + fy2 dx dy
S

In cylindrical coordinates:

ZZ

(x, y, z) dS =

ZZ

(a cos , a sin , t) a d dt.

In
Z Zspherical coordinates:
ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (a cos sin , a sin sin , a cos ) a2 sin d d .
ZZ
Flux across S =
F n dS.
S

Triple integrals
In
coordinates: Z Z Z
Z Zcylindrical
Z


(x, y, z) dx dy dz =
r cos , r sin , t r dr d dt

In
coordinates: Z Z Z
Z Zspherical
Z


f (x, y, z) dx dy dz =
f r cos sin , r sin sin , r cos r2 sin dr d d

Divergence theorem
ZZ

F n dS =

ZZZ

F dV

Stokes theorem
I

8031

F dr =

ZZ

( F) n dS

Page 7 of 8

Semester 1 2011

Table of Standard Integrals

1.

xn+1
x dx =
+C
n+1

2.

dx
= ln |x| + C
x

3.

4.

5.

cos x dx = sin x + C

11.

a2

12.

13.

(n 6= 1)

ex dx = ex + C

sin x dx = cos x + C

dx
=
+ x2

1
a

tan1

x
a

dx
= sinh1
2
x + a2

6.

sec2 x dx = tan x + C

7.

cosec2 x dx = cot x + C

8.

sinh x dx = cosh x + C

9.

cosh x dx = sinh x + C

10.

dx
= sin1
x2

a2

x
a

+C

+C

x
a




+ C = ln x + x2 + a2 + C

dx
= cosh1 xa + C (x > a)
2
2
x a





= ln x + x2 a2  + C (x > a or x < a)

THIS IS THE END OF THE EXAMINATION PAPER.

8031

Page 8 of 8

Semester 1 2011