circular motion

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When what goes around comes around...
Imagine that a particle is subject to a force of constant magnitude but whose di
rection may change. The particle's acceleration at any instant would be in the d
irection of the force at that instant. The change in the particle's velocity ove
r a very short time would be a vector in the direction of the average accelerati
on. The new velocity at the end of this tiny time interval would be the vector s
um of the original velocity and the change in velocity. The displacement of the
particle during the little time slice would be given by the average velocity tim
es the Dt. Now suppose that the changing direction of the force was such that th
e force was always perpendicular to the velocity. The Central Force display illu
strates this situation.
Notice that in this example that the force bends the path of the particle into a
circle and that the force vector and therefore the acceleration always points t
oward the center of that circular path. The magnitude of the velocity along the
path remains constant. Under these conditions the particle is said to be undergo
ing uniform circular motion where "uniform" means the speed of the particle is c
onstant. We have evidently caught this system in a delicate balance where in eac
h Dt the force deflects the particle just enough from the trajectory it would ha
ve followed, a straight line in the direction of the velocity, that it ends up o
n a circular path. The question now is what must be the relationship among the a
cceleration, velocity and radius of the circle for us to get this nice result.

Centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a curved path: its directi
on is always orthogonal to the velocity of the body, toward the fixed point of t
he instantaneous center of curvature of the path. Centripetal force is generally
the cause of circular motion.
In simple terms, centripetal force is defined as a force which keeps a body movi
ng with a uniform speed along a circular path and is directed along the radius t
owards the centre. The mathematical description was derived in 1659 by Dutch phy
sicist Christiaan Huygens. Isaac Newton's description was: "A centripetal force
is that by which bodies are drawn or impelled, or in any way tend, towards a poi
nt as to a centre."[4]
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For a satellite in orbit around a planet, the centripetal force is supplied by g

ravity. Some sources, including Newton, refer to the entire force as a centripet
al force, even for eccentric orbits, for which gravity is not aligned with the d
irection to the center of curvature.[8]
The centripetal force acts from the center of mass of the rotating object, on an
object a distance "r" from its center; If both objects are rotating they will a
ffect each other; for circular orbits, the center of mass is the center of the c
ircular orbits. For non-circular orbits or trajectories, only the component of f
orce directed orthogonally to the path (toward the center of the osculating circ
le) is termed centripetal; the remaining component acts to speed up or slow down
the satellite in its orbit.[9] For an object swinging around on the end of a ro
pe in a horizontal plane, the centripetal force on the object is supplied by the
tension of the rope. For a spinning object, internal tensile stress provides th
e centripetal forces that make the parts of the object trace out circular motion
s.
The rope example is an example involving a 'pull' force. The centripetal force c
an also be supplied as a 'push' force such as in the case where the normal react
ion of a wall supplies the centripetal force for a wall of death rider.
Another example of centripetal force arises in the helix which is traced out whe
n a charged particle moves in a uniform magnetic field in the absence of other e
xternal forces. In this case, the magnetic force is the centripetal force which
acts towards the helix axis.