BIOSC 0150

Foundations of Biology I
Recitation Week 12

1. Definitions

Self-fertilize
Phenotype
Genotype
Parental generation
F1 generation
Gene
Allele
Recessive
Dominant
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Monohybrid cross
Dihybrid cross

Fall 2014

BIOSC 0150

Foundations of Biology I

Fall 2014

2. You are studying two traits in a flowerpetal color and stem length.
Petal color is either purple or white. You suspect that these two phenotypes are the due to the
different alleles of one gene, which you name Rainbow (and expect to use symbols R and r
for the alleles of this gene conferring dominant and recessive phenotypes, respectively).
Stem length is either long or short. You suspect that these two phenotypes are due to the
different alleles of another gene, which you name Stem (and expect to use symbols ST and st
for the alleles of this gene conferring dominant and recessive phenotypes, respectively).
You have a flower with white petals and a short stem.
You also have a flower with purple petals and a long stem.
You do not know the genotype of these flowers.
You cross these flowers and get the following progeny

Parental: White Petals, Short Stems x Purple Petals, Long Stems

F:
1

24 Purple Petals, Long Stems

28 Purple Petals, Short Stems

You then self-cross the Purple Petals, Long Stem F s and get the following progeny:
1

Self-Cross: Purple Petals, Long Stems F x Purple Petals, Long Stems F

1

F:
2

46 Purple Petals, Long Stems

13 Purple Petals, Short Stems
16 White Petals, Long Stems
4 White Petals, Short Stems

You also self-cross the Purple Petals, Short Stems F and get the following progeny
1

Self-Cross: Purple Petals, Short Stems F1 x Purple Petals, Short Stems F1

F2 :

88 Purple Petals, Short Stems

27 White Petals, Short Stems

a) Given this information, identify alleles conferring the dominant and recessive phenotypes
for petal color (Rainbow gene) and stem length (Stem gene).
R allele confers dominant purple petal phenotype. The ST allele confers dominant
long stem phenotype.
b) Are the genes for petal color and stem length linked or unlinked? Justify your answer.
The genes are unlinked because the dihybrid cross gave a 9:3:3:1 ratio expected
for the unlinked genes.

BIOSC 0150

Foundations of Biology I

Fall 2014

c) Write out the genotype of each flower below:

i. White Petals, Short Stems (P)

_____r/r st/st_ ___

ii. Purple Petals, Long Stems (P)

_____R/R ST/st_ _

iii. Purple Petals, Long Stems (F1)

_____R/r ST/st___

iv. Purple Petals, Short Stems (F1)

_____R/r st/st _ __

3. For each set of data below, determine the genotype of the parents in cross 1. Where it applies,
indicate which phenotypes are dominant and which are recessive.
a) cross 1: red-eyed mouse ____________ X white-eyed mouse ____________
gives F1:

all red-eyed

cross 2: red-eyed F1 X red-eyed F1

gives F2:

36 red-eyed
13 white-eyed

Cross 1: red eyes X white eyes gives all red eyes a likely model is that eye color is controlled
by one gene that has 2 alleles resulting in two phenotypes, red eyes and white eyes. The red eyed
phenotype is likely to be dominant.
Therefore, choose appropriate symbols (one letter per gene, capital letter for allele with
dominant phenotype): R - red allele. Dominant phenotype of red eyes. r - white allele. Recessive
phenotype of white eyes.
Cross 1 is then: RR X rr ----> all Rr (all red eyes).
Cross 2 is then: Rr X Rr ----> 3:1 red:white.
b) cross 1: blue-eyed, long-toothed mouse X brown-eyed, short-toothed mouse
____________ X ____________
gives F1:

all blue-eyed, short-toothed

cross 2: blue-eyed, short-toothed F1 X blue-eyed, short-toothed F1

gives F2:

92 blue-eyed short-toothed
31 blue-eyed long-toothed
29 brown-eyed short-toothed
9 brown-eyed long-toothed

BIOSC 0150

Foundations of Biology I

eye color is determined by one gene with two alleles:

B - dominant blue-eye phenotype
b - recessive brown eye phenotype
tooth length is determined by one gene with two alleles:
T - dominant short-tooth phenotype
t - recessive long tooth phenotype
Cross 1 is then: BBss X bbSS ----> all BbSs
Cross 2 is then: BbSs X BbSs ----> 9:3:3:1 (B_S_): (B_ss): (bbS_): (bbss)

Fall 2014