La equivalencia se da cuando una expresin exocntrica o una visin figurada se

traducen por una expresin exocntrica o una visin figurada equivalentes en la lengua
trmino

Ejemplos:

Give him your finger and hell take your whole hand = Le das la mano y te toma
el codo (Es muy confianzudo)
To pull somebodys leg = Tomar el pelo (Hacerle bromas , hacer chanzas)
They are as alike as two peas = Son iguales como dos gotas de agua (Son
idnticos
Every cloud has a silver lining = No hay mal que por bien no venga
To have a low profile = tener bajo perfil
With a lump in his throat = Con un nudo en la garganta (Con la voz angustiada,
muy angustiado)
He asked the question point blank = Pregunt a quemarropa

RESUMEN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS VISTOS

A. Una idea se expresa en la misma forma en una y otra lengua (Traduccin literal)
B. Una idea se expresa en una y otra lengua con distintas categoras
(Transposicin)
C. En una y otra lengua se expresa una idea con diferente punto de vista
(Modulacin)
D. La misma situacin se expresa con modalidades equivalentes (Equivalencia)
Practice:
(Angl. of F. : underlined Transp: broken underlining Modul: italics)
a. Mrs. Ramsay could not help exclaiming : Oh, how beautiful!
b. I could not see the guns, but they were evidently firing directly at us.
ADAPTACIN

El traductor no traduce para s mismo; traduce para los dems.

El traductor experto debe procurar que el lector comprenda sin esfuerzo, y sin
siquiera darse cuenta de que se trata de una versin traducida.
La adaptacin se ejerce en el plano de los contenidos ms que en el de la
expresin. Con la adaptacin la traduccin alcanza viabilidad cultural. Ella
evita el calco cultural que podra producir confusin u oscuridad

Definicin: Es el proceso de conformar un contenido a la visin particular de

cada lengua.
EJEMPLOS:
as white as snow = blanco como la nieve
La parbola de la higuera

(the father) kissed his little daughter on the mouth = ? ? ?

baby sitter = niera ?

CONCEPTO BSICO:
Cada lengua tiene su concepcin particular de la realidad y cada pueblo ve al mundo a
su manera
THE SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS:
Edward Sapir (1884-1939):
.. the real world is to a large extent built up on the language habits of the group. We see
and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of
our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. The worlds in which
different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different
labels attached.
Benjamin Whorf:
We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do largely
because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way - an agreement that
holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language.
The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely
obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and
classification of data which the agreement decrees.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (aka the Whorfian hypothesis) is named after the two
American linguists who first formulated it. They start from the view that we all have a
basic need to make sense of the world. To make sense of it, we impose an order on it.
The main tool we have for organising the world is language. As you can see from the
two quotations above, their view is that the language we use determines how we
experience the world and how we express that experience. Hence, their view is often
referred to as linguistic determinism.

A quotation often found in Communication textbooks is from Wittgenstein's

Tractatus Logico Philosophicus:
The limits of my language indicate the limits of my world

Lenguaje epistolar (correspondencia= letter writing)

Temas no literarios: suburb, candy shop, drugstore, soda fountain,
the in-tray, Ill buy you a drink, Friday 13.
Weights and measures: mile, pound, ounce, yard, foot, inch, gallon, etc.
The seasons

Exclamations:

Good heavens!
Yuk !
Ouch !
Uh ?
Ha-ha ! Ha, ha !
Yum ! Yummy !
Gee ! Geez !
Gosh !