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1867 Mechanical Horse (pat.) W. Farr Goodwin (American)
Friday, July 2nd, 2010
William Farr Goodwin was a diverse inventor. Two of his earlier inventions were for toys, the first of these
being for a Mechanical Horse, then later a Walking Doll.
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UNITED STATES PATENTS

Patent Number 61416 Goodwin Jan. 22, 1867 . See full patent for the Mechanical Horse here.
Later on in 1876, we see reference to Goodwin in providing some inventions to exhibitors at the
Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AT THE PHILADELPHIA EXHIBITION.
Otago Witness 14 Oct 1876, p18
The American display of thrashing machinery is extensive, and presents many features of
novelty and interest to an Englishman. The construction of the thrashing machinery is, in
many respects, totally different from our [English] inventions ; but, as is usually the case, the
inventions are suitable, or believed to be suitable, to the work they are made for.
..The Screw Mower and Reaper Company exhibit a novelty designed by Mr W. Farr
Goodwin. This consists in replacing the ordinary gearing by a gun-metal driving wheel on the
main shaft, which drives a worm on the crank shaft ; thus we have very simple gearing and
direct action. Undue wear and friction, are avoided by running the gun-metal wheel in oil ; the
cover or box for this wheel makes a receptacle for the oil. This, we have no doubt, prevents
that friction which we should have expected from such a principle. . We are told that
machines could be produced which had cut large quantities of grain, and been working for
long periods ; but we object to the oiling box arrangement, since farmers are often so careless
that they would fail to clean out properly when done with, or to renew the oil before beginning
to work. The company claim, and we think with reason, durability and simplicity. It is clear
that the action is; fairly direct, and that the necessary motions are produced with the minimum
of gearing. Under trial it made very good work, but the draught on the dynamometer was
heavy ; this seems to indicate friction. Another novelty was shown by the National Ironworks
Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey ; this is also the invention of Mr W. Farr Goodwin,
who appears quite a genius for producing novelties. This, the Reciprocating Screw Mowing
Machine, is his latest invention. The merits claimed are, that it has no gear or cog wheels of
any kind, no crank movement, and no journal or bearings that revolve, save the main axle.
These are certainly startling alterations from all our preconceived notions of a mowing
machine, and we are bound to admit that the machine made good work, cutting both the
standing and laid crop well. The London Field.
What is more interesting, is that one of those companies where one of his inventions was manufactured,
namely the National Ironworks Company, was also making a mechanical horse for display.
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Iron June 3, 1876, London, Middlesex

Mechanical horses and Men.-A mechanical horse is being made at the National Ironworks,
New Brunswick, New Jersey, which is quite a curiosity in its way, and is to be on exhibition at
the Centennial. The life-size model has been operated satisfactorily to all who have seen it.
Every movement of the horse is as natural as life. It walks, and each joint of the leg is put in
its proper motion, while the neck and head bob in appropriate unison, and yet the simplest
mechanism is used, being nothing more than a few pulleys and one or two belts, the latter
corresponding with the tendons of the natural animals. There are also four steam men being
manufactured at Munn's machine shop. These men are for exhibition at the Centennial.
Here's the text in the Goodwin Mechanical Horse patent that mentions scaleability
"In different sizes and kinds of toys, various means will be employed to impart the rotary
movements to the cranks W. In hobby horses of large size, the spring or driving power will be
mounted on the axle of a wagon or cart, and the rotating motions imparted to the cranks B' by
means of a chain or belt passing over a pulley on the wagon, and over a pulley on the shaft B
in the hobby horse. This means of operating the cranks may also be used in small toys, when
wagons arc attached to them, as it would be cheaper, there being no machinery in the toy but
the shafts B, and cranks B', and the pulleys and connecting-chain or rod, by which the cranks
are operated, and the means by which the head and tail are operated, all the driving apparatus
used to impart the rotary motion to the shafts B and cranks B' being mounted on the wagon,
the rotary motion being communicated to the pulleys in the toy by means of chains or belts, as
before described."
I see it as quite probable that the National Ironworks Company somehow used Goodwin's patented idea as
the design for the 1876 Centennial Mechanical Horse.
William Farr GOODWIN also patented a clockwork mechanism that enabled a doll to push a wheeled cart
or chair, patented in 1868.
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UNITED STATES PATENTS

Patent Number 81491 Goodwin Aug. 25, 1868 Automatic Toy . See full patent here.
In the 1870's, J & E Stevens and George W. Brown and Co, manufactured walking dolls using Goodwin's
patented mechanism.
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In 1878, William Farr Goodwin received the Elliot Cresson Award, in the category of Engineering, for
Competitive test of mowing machines. Among his inventions were novel mowing machines.
The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by
the Franklin Institute. The award was established by Elliott Cresson, life member of the Franklin Institute,
with $1,000 granted in 1848. The endowed award was to be "for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences,
or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of
materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship." The medal was first
awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death.
Some of Goodwin's other patents:
IMPROVEMENT IN MOWERS WILLIAM F. GOODWIN
Patent number: 198604
Filing date: Mar 27, 1877
Issue date: Dec 25, 1877
IMPROVEMENT IN HAY-TEDDERS WILLIAM F. GOODWIN
Filing date: Feb 9, 1877
Issue date: Nov 13, 1877
IMPROVEMENT IN MECHANISMS FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING INTO ROTARY
MOTION WILLIAM F. GOODWIN
Filing date: Mar 23, 1879
Issue date: 1879
IMPROVEMENT IN TOWING CANAL-BOATS WILLIAM F. GOODWIN
Filing date: Dec 14, 1875
Issue date: Jan 4, 1876
IMPROVEMENT IN MECHANICAL MOVEMENT FOR CONVERTING POWER INTO SPEED
WILLIAM F. GOODWIN
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Issue date: Dec 1867

This last patent is interesting. It is actually a planetary gear-box, later used in automobile automatic
transmissions.
Footnotes:
1. The first ever walking doll (called Autoperipatetikos) was invented in 1862. Most other walking dolls
came in about 1880, even in Europe by such luminaries as Jumeau and Decamps So Goodwin, if fact, was
one of the first in inventing walking mechanisms for toys. Previously, toys were wheeled toys, trains, etc.
2. Toys can also be considered as models for a scaled-up construction. My friend David Buckley Robot
designer and builder - has always said that toys, from any era, are usually proven ideas for modern
builders and developers to learn upon. Simply speaking, most toys actually work, so they are a working
design.
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Tags: 1867, 1876 Centennial Exhibition, American, Mechanical horse, W. Farr Goodwin, Walking Doll,
William Farr Goodwin
Posted in Walking Machines No Comments
1867-8 Steam Man Dederick & Grass (American)

Saturday, October 3rd, 2009
Zadoc P. Dederick's Steam Man appears to be the first of the Steam Men. The Steam Man from Newark
was so inspirational it generated many more Walking Machines, steam or otherwise, and also fictional
stories, now seen as some of the earliest Science or Speculative Fiction (SF) written.
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US Patent number: 75874

Issue date: Mar 24, 1868
Inventor: ZADOC P. DEDERICK & Isaac Grass
The name of the co-inventor on the patent is Isaac Grass, but he rarely gets a
mention in any of the press.
Dederick's name is often mispelt e.g. Deddrick in the newspapers and Drederick on
the patent. The name Dederick is from the German "Dietrich", which is probably
responsible for how it is pronounced. Even in one census document, Dedrick has
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been corrected to Dederick. Like a lot of name changes throughut history, it is down
to the interpretation of the scribe. Further, Dederick, in his three found patents, as
well as on patents where he was a witness and/or the Patent Attorney (yes, he
became a bona fide Patent Attorney), he always spelled his first name as Zadoc,
whereas other official documents have him as Zadock, Later, he moved to the
convention of initials only i.e. Z.P. Dederick. Although I've seen no direct evidence
that his middle initial of "P." stands for Pratt, there are several other Z.P. Dedericks of
which Pratt is the second name. Note that their first names are spelled Zadock (with
a k).
See Joseph Rainone's book "Art & History of American Popular Fiction Vol 1." for a
more complete story on Dederick's life.
I have used 1867 as the date for Dederick's Steam Man, as although the patent and
most other articles are 1868, the first full article appeared in the Newark Advertiser,
Jan 8 1868, so the Steam Man had to have been built before then. Here's the full
reference and the OCR'd text:
Deddrick Steam Man
A Remarkable Mechanical Invention A Steam Man.'Mr. Zadock Deddrick, a Newark machinist, has invented a man; one that,
moved by steam, will perform some of the most important functions of
humanity; that will, standing upright, walk or run as he is bid, in any
direction, and at almost any rate of speed, drawing after him a load whose
weight would tax the strength of three draught horses. The history of this
curious invention is as follows: Six years ago Mr. Deddrick, the inventor,
who is at present but twenty-two years of age, conceived the novel idea of
constructing a man that should receive its vitality from a perpetual motion
machine. The idea was based on the well-known mechanical principle that,
if a heavy weight be placed at the top of an upright slightly inclined from
vertical, gravitation will tend to produce a horizontal as well as vertical
motion. The idea was unsuccessful. However, by observing carefully the
cause of failure, persevering and perfecting the man-form, and by
substituting steam in place of the perpetual motion machine, the present
success was attained.
The man stands seven feet and nine inches high, the other dimensions of
the body being correctly proportioned, making him a second Daniel
Lambert, by which name he is facetiously spoken of among the workmen.
He weighs five hundred pounds. Steam is generated in the body or trunk,
which is nothing but a three-horse power engine, like those used in our
steam fire engines. The legs which support it are complicated and
wonderful. The steps are taken very naturally and quite easily. As the body
is thrown forward upon the advanced foot the other is lifted from the ground
with a spring and thrown forward by the steam. Each step or pace
advances the body two feet, and every revolution of the engine produces
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four paces. As the engine is capable of making more than a thousand

evolutions a minute, it would get over the ground, on this calculation, at the
rate of a little over a mile a minute. As this would be working the legs faster
than would be safe on uneven ground or on broad street cobble stones, it
is proposed to run the engine at the rate of five hundred revolutions per
minute, which would walk the man at the modest speed of half a mile a
minute.
The fellow is attached to a common rockaway carriage, the shafts of which
support him in a vertical position. These shafts are two bars of iron,
fastened in the usual manner to the front of the carriage, and are curved so
as to be joined to a circular sustaining bar, which passes around the waist,
like a girth, and in which the man moves so as to be faced in any direction.
Besides these motions, machinery has been arranged by which the figure
can be thrown backward or forward from a vertical nearly forty-five
degrees. This is done in order to enable it to ascend or descend all grades.
To the soles of the feet spikes or corks are fixed, which effectually prevent
slipping. The whole affair is so firmly sustained by the shafts and has so
excellent a foot-hold, that two men are unable to push it over, or in any way
throw it down. In order to enable it to stop quickly it is provided with two
appliances, one of which will, as before stated, throw it backward from the
vertical, while the other bends the knees in a direction opposite to the
natural position.
An upright post, which is arranged in front of the dash-board, and within
easy reach of the front seats, sustains two miniature pilot wheels, by the
turning of which these various motions and evolutions are directed. It is
expected that a sufficiently large amount of coal can be stowed away under
the back seat of the carriage to work the engine for a day, and enough
water in the tank under the front seat to last half a day.
In order to prevent the giant from frightening horses by its wonderful
appearance Mr. Deddrick intends to clothe it and give it as nearly as
possible a likeness to the rest of humanity. The boiler, and such parts as
are necessarily heated, will be encased in felt and woolen undergarments.
Pantaloons, coat and vest, of the latest styles, are provided. W henever the
fire needs coaling, which is every two or three hours, the driver stops the
machine, descends from his seat, unbuttons Daniels vest, opens a door,
shovels in the fuel, buttons up the vest and drives on. On the back,
between the shoulders the steam cocks and gauges are placed. As these
would cause the coat to set awkwardly, a knapsack has been provided that
completely covers them. A blanket, neatly rolled up and placed on top the
knapsack, perfects the delusion. The face is molded into a cheerful
countenance of white enamel, which contrasts well with the dark hair and
mustache. A sheet iron hat with a gauge top acts as a smoke stack.
The cost of this first man is $2,000 , thought the makers, Messrs.
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Deddrick & Grass, expect to manufacture succeeding ones, warranted to

run a year without repair, for $300. The same parties expect to construct,
on the same principle, horses which will do the duty of twelve ordinary
animals of the same species. These, it is confidently believed, can be used
alike before carriages, street cars and plows. The man now constructed
can make his way without difficulty over any irregular surface whose ruts
and stones are not more than nine inches below or above the level of the
road.
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It has been difficult in getting the full story around Dederick's Steam Man. Did it actually work? As far as
whether or not it worked, the press of the time offers some contradictory evidence. It did work, but only in
ideal conditions. It struggled on cobblestones, and was sometimes exhibited suspended off the ground by a
sling, mainly due to conditions put on the exhibtion by the insurers.
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Down the bottom of the above article gives light to why the Steam Man was in a sling. It makes sense really, i.e.
when in a hall or room, and you want to show the Steam Man in operation, the smoke would be a big problem. So
there's probably a rigid stove-pipe venting the smoke either up a chimney or outside some how. You can't have the
contrivance walking around with a fixed smoke exhaust attached to its "hat"! Other reports suggest the premise
insurers would only allow the Steam Man to operate when slung up. So saying it only works with its feet off the
ground is, I now think, a misnomer by the reporters in thinking it didn't work any other way.
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Sci Am V18 N013 -1868
Update: 25 JUly 2010: The above article also points to the problem being one of extracting smoke from the "hat".
New York Times 19 Apr 1896 p28

THE HORSELESS CARRIAGE WILL THE PROBLEM BE SOLVED BY ELECTRICAL
APPLICATION
An inventor of Newark, N. J., about 1868 created excitement by bringing out a steam man
that was to be placed in front of a carriage, and run along with it at racing speed. But it never
ran, although it could be made to work its legs when hung up in the air.
There are so many objections to the use of steam for carriages or even ordinary business
wagons that it is difficult to see how it can be made successful, but the inventors working on
that line evidently have hopes, for they are attacking the problem with increasing energy.
When one considers the care and attention a small steam engine requires, .
Scientific American was interested, but didn't get far with it
Scientific American Vol 17. No. 5 p74 1868
STEAM MAN.-A lengthy account is going the round of the newspapers of a wonderful piece
of mechanism in the form of a " Steam Man," invented at Newark, N. J., by one Zaddock
Deddrick. We have taken the pains to investigate the truthfulness of the wonderful story and
we learn that, although an invention of the kind is in progress, it is far from being perfected
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; and we have the promise that as soon as the steam man is in a condition to travel we shall
have an opportunity of witnessing it, and the liberty of explaining its construction and
operation. In the mean time we advise our contemporaries not to get excited over the steam
man for he is likely to remain harmless for the present.
Scientific American Vol 18. No. 13 p202 1868
The Steam Man.
This automaton, which has furnished a number of pant- graphs for the press, is on exhibition
at 538 Broadway, New York City, nearly opposite the site of Barnum's Museum ; but owing to
some objection on the part of the owner of the hall, he is not permitted to " travel on his
muscle," but is hung in slings and merely " marks time," as our military friends would say.
We understand, however, that his managers have decided to test his powers more effectually,
when we shall probably have more to say of him. (see actual image above)
Of a later Steam Man, the report is
Tuapeka Times, Volume III, Issue 134, 1 September 1870, Page 7

GENERAL NEWS.
There is now on exhibition in New York a " steam man " which actually walks
not merely performs with the legs the movements necessary for walking, while
the body is suspended on a fixed support like the old " steam man" which made
so much noise about two years ago, and which, we suppose, is now defunct. It
was claimed for the old steam man that it was to be used for traction and other
useful purposes ; but the new one commences its career with no such
pretensions. All that is claimed for it is that it makes an interesting exhibition. It
has the same walking mechanism as the clockwork walking dolls patented some
years ago. The mechanism is driven by one of Behren's rotary steam engines, which
has been found better suited than any reciprocating engine on account of its
producing less vibration, and consequently being less liable to disturb the equilibrium of
the man in the walking movement. As an ingenious piece of mechanism, the walking steam
man is an object of interest.
Update 17 March 2010 I contacted the Newark Museum who supplied the following:
I did not find any record of an exhibition of this type ever being held at the Museum. We do
have a photograph in the collection labelled: "Mechanical man. Invented by Zadoc P.
Dederick in 1868. Made under his supervision in a machine shop operated by Bolen and
Crane on Broad St. near Cross St." According to our Registrars Department this appears to be
a copy of the patent photo. Also, according to the Newark City Directory, a Zadoc P.
Dederick, occupation patternmaker, resided at 87 Spring St. off of 105 River in Newark, NJ in
1868.
from The Morning Chronicle 27Jan1868- Nova Scotia
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The above article confirms that the building of the Steam Man was at the works of Bolen & Crane.
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The text in the above advertisement suggests another Steam Man was built to the
same pattern and currently exhibiting in Paris, but no evidence of this Parisienne has
been found.
The above two images sourced from here: http://processandpreserve.wordpress.com

/2009/09/23/wont-you-step-into-this-cloud-of-steam/
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The above ad, from The Quincy, in Quincy, Illinois, 20 Feb 1869 suggests that the
Steam Man had already been exhibited in New York, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis and
New Orleans.
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article from THETRUE BLUES OF SCHENECTADY

Originally written by Reverand W.N.P. Dailey and Read Before the Antiquarians at the
Schenectady County Historical Society in 1940A social order known as the True Blues
was organized in July 1867, and chartered in March 1869.
The press of Schenectady and Albany and adjacent cities devoted much space detailing the
parades, the concert and the bazaar held during these years. Also the New York Herald and
Frank Leslies News featured the various events conducted by the mystic order.
The second carnival and parade of the Mystic Order of the True Blues was held on Thursday
afternoon Sept 3, 1868. The Albany Post of September 4, 1868, says there were 20,000
visitors in the city. The Albany papers, the Journal, Argus Express and Post devoted
much space to a description of the same.
The New York Herald featured the event while Leslies Illustrated Weekly showed a half
page picture of the procession, reproduced in the Union as the parade, (or part of it halted
before the building occupied by the Union, and also the Carley House next door. Four
hundred and fifty costumes; Charles Campbell, in Roman Chariot, a brilliant equipage, led the
same.
..The Parade, a mile long, was started at 3 p.m. Those who were masked waited till the
public dinner at the Carley House and Givens Hotel to remove them.
The Grand Marshall and his aides followed the Roman Chariot, built by Antonius, holding the
God of the Day: they were dressed in the costume of the period of Charles II; after them a
giraffe, sixteen feet high from Gouriel, trained by Prince Van Horne, the first Euker of
America. No-olah, the baby elephant, was well behaved, sturdy but fierce looking pioneers
were guarded by a burlesque police force, commanded by an artillery officer in Revolutionary
uniform, the property of Colonel Campbell. Burlingames traveling Chinamen came next,
followed by Neptune drawn by bespangled horses led by silver bedecked grooms. It made me
think of a Roman myth. Beasts of the field and birds of the air were represented.
Ladies astride dappled equines received the crowds cheers. There was a human steam
engine eight feet high with stove pipe hat for smoke, fitted up with furnace and piston
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rods, and wheel at the side for extra power. We recall that at a certain point in the parade,
the engine got too hot and had to be removed to save the human from incineration. Another
feature we recall, but not mentioned in the press descriptions was great dray containing a
hogshead of beer. Seated in front was a saloon keeper who held forth at or near Liberty and
Center Streets of large proportions: gaily dressed maidens drew the ale from the hogshead and
gave it to the man to drink. At the close of the parade he had to be skidded into his place.
.Following the concert, the next day, came the final parade of the True Blues, September
7, 1870Some of the features of this parade were an old Franklin press worked by
comically dressed pressmen and a printers devil and two female compositors sticking type.
The Alaska purchase by Seward (a proven diamond mine) in the form of an ice berg,
lambasted the governments investment. Ed Vrooman had a swaying Albany-Schenectady R.
R. train (hauled by horses) passengers masked , who kept leaving and boarding their cars
while in motion. Neptune was again shown, this year its headquarters being at Neptune Engine
Company Number 4. A model of the Neptune float is at the historical society. There was
another steam man eight feet high, and the giraffe came out again with its sixteen feet height.
A yacht club was in sailor garb; a sprinkling cart hauled by Susan B. Anthony (incognito);
heat and cold were shown in costume representing fire and frost; . .
The last we know of Dederick's Steam Man being exhibited was in Fort Wayne, Indiana in May of 1869.
There is an advertisement in September, 1869 of a Steam Man for sale. There is another article in April of
1870 that mentions a Steam Man being stowed away for non-payment of freight.
Was that the end of Dederick's Steam Man? Was it sold and re-incarnated as the W.W. Cole's circus Steam
Man? Unfortunately we currently do not know for sure, but I suspect not.
See all the known Steam Men and early Walking Machines here.
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Tags: 1867, 1868, Dederick, Iron Man, Isaac Grass, Mechanical Man, Newark, Robot, Steam Man, Steam
Men, Steam Punk, Steam Robot, Steam Walker, Steampunk, Walking machine, Zadoc P. Dederick
Posted in Steam Men, Walking Machines 1 Comment
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UNITED STATES PATENTS

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Iron June 3, 1876, London, Middlesex

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UNITED STATES PATENTS

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Issue date: Dec 1867

1867-8 Steam Man Dederick & Grass (American)

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US Patent number: 75874

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four paces. As the engine is capable of making more than a thousand

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Deddrick & Grass, expect to manufacture succeeding ones, warranted to

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Sci Am V18 N013 -1868

New York Times 19 Apr 1896 p28

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Tuapeka Times, Volume III, Issue 134, 1 September 1870, Page 7

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The above two images sourced from here: http://processandpreserve.wordpress.com

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article from THETRUE BLUES OF SCHENECTADY

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