NAME:

I.POTASSIUM
It is the major (1)____________________ electrolyte.
It influences both skeletal and (2)___________ muscle activity.
Normal serum potassium concentration (3)__________________________________.
Increased serum potassium level = Increased
(4)__________________.

potassium level in the

(5)________________________ increases the excretion of potassium by the

kidney.
(6) ___________________ loss of potassium is probably the most common cause
of potassium depletion.
People with (7)___________________________ frequently suffer increased
potassium loss through self-induced vomiting and laxative and diuretic abuse.
Severe hypokalemia can cause death through (8)____________________________.
(9) __________________________ usually used to correct potassium deficits
IV potassium must be administered using an (10)___________________ to avoid
replacing potassium too quickly.
Patients with hypoaldosteronism and Addisons disease are at risk for
hyperkalemia because these conditions are characterized by deficient
adrenal hormones, leading to (11)_______________ loss and potassium
retention.
Severe hyperkalemia
(12)__________________

causes

skeletal

muscle

weakness

and

even

II. MAGNESIUM
Next to K, Mg in the most abundant intracellular (13)______________________
It act as an activator for many intracellular enzyme systems and plays a role
in both (14)_______________________ and protein metabolism.
Normal Serum Magnesium level (15)_____________________
The (16)_________________________ is the major site of magnesium absorption,
any disruption in small bowel function, as in intestinal resection or
inflammatory bowel disease, can lead to hypomanesemia.
In hypermagnesemia, (17) _________________________ are lost and muscle
weakness and paralysis may develop.
III.SODIUM
In (18)__________________a, sodium is decreased in ECF volume and increased
in ICF volume
In hyponatremia, administer (19) _____________________ per IV, plasma
expanders (e.g., hetastarch). To prevent (20)__________________________.

Hypernatremia
Decreased ICF volume cells (21)______________________
IV.CALCIUM
(22)______________________ is a phosphate binder, it lowers phosphate levels,
calcium levels will increased
(23) ______________________10% per IV as prescribe. This is idicated if
hypocalcemia is severe
In hypercalcemia, administer (24)______________________ per IV as prescribed
V.MILK ALKALIZE SYNDROME
Also called as (25) ___________________________
is an acquired condition in which there are high levels of (26)________________
and a shift in the body's acid/base balance towards (27)________________
One of the causes may be taking certain (28)______________, especially
calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), over a long period of
time.
most common complications include:
(29)
(30)
(31)
If you are trying to prevent osteoporosis, do not take more than (32)
______________ of calcium per day.
VI. TETANUS
medical condition characterized
___________________ fibers

by

prolonged

contraction

of (33)

Back muscle spasms often cause arching, called (34) _______________________.

The (35)___________________ is a clinical test for tetanus that involves touching
(36)______________________ or other muscle relaxants - be given to control the
muscle spasms
VII.PHOSPHATE
Primary (37)_________________ in ICF
High serum PO43- caused by
(38)
(39)
(40)
VIII.CHLORIDE

Your (41)____________________ control the levels of chloride in your blood.

Maximum of chloride ions we get by the food we eat. The normal values
increase as we consume more of (42)__________________ rich in salt.
Chloride joins with (43)__________________ for forming HCl (hydrochloric acid).
Hyperchloremia may affect the transport of (44)________________________.
Normal value ranges from (45)___________________________
In hypochloremia, (46)__________________ accumulates in the ECF, thereby
raising the pH level leading to hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

IX.DEHYDRATION
Assess electrolytes, BUN (59)_______________________ for adult men (2.86 to
8.57 mmol/L)
(60)_____________________(2.14 to 7.50 mmol/L) for adult women, creatinine
(61)_____________________ for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women.)
X.ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
(62)__________________________ this period represents the time from the
onset of injury through the cell death period.
Urine sodium excretion greater than (63)_____________________
(64)_________________________ (abnormal levels of urea and creatinine)
Recovery Period Phase The recovery phase can last from several months to
over a year. During this phase, edema decreases, the renal tubules begin to
function adequately and fluid and electrolyte balance are restored (if damage
was significant, BUN and Creatinine may never return to normal levels). At
this point the GFR has usually returned to (65)_______________________ of
normal.