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The first precept is meant to safeguard the right to the safety of life. It is undeniable that
Buddhism is concerned with not only human beings but also animals (sabbe satta). That is
clear from the Metta Sutta. Rights are not only for human beings but also for living creatures,
too.
The second precept is to guarantee the safety of personal property. In other word, it is an
assertion regarding ownership and protection of both private and common property Stealing
or committing theft is also a crime and is the violation of the laws of every nation. It is not
keeping with the Dhamma as well.
The sexual misconduct also generates problems in family and causes divorce. The
misconduct of sexuality can be the great scourge of family problem. According to Buddhism,
family is a social institution founded by love-kindness and truthfulness.
The fourth precept is to abstain from the false speech. Speech is a wonderful thing in
the world. It is the speech that makes what one thinks known to the world. Words spoken may
be either beneficial or disadvantageous. A single polite, pleasant and courteous, but not
flattering word can be the great effect on the person who hears and can be advantageous. The
good outcome of it certainly can be produced to both speaker and listener.
The fifth precept concerns the Buddhists abstention from taking distilled and fermented
intoxicating liquors. He should not take intoxicating drinks. The householder who likes this
teaching does not urge others to drink and does not condone drinking, knowing that it ends in
madness.
It is very important to note that the moral principles of five precepts have much relevance to
the value of ethics which subsequently leading to the social peace and harmony for social
well being and goodness. Therefore, when one understands oneself and behaves in good
conduct, the society becomes very peaceful and very useful to live in.