Design of Flat Slabs

Dr. Ayman Hussein Hosny

Professor of RC Structures
Ain Shams University

Lecture Layout
|
|

Types
Concrete dimensions
z Slab thickness
z Drop thickness
z Columns
z Column heads
z Beams (if any)

Analysis
z
z
z

|
|
|

Empirical analysis
Frame Analysis
Finite element

Check p
punching
g
Examples
Details of RFT

Types of Flat Slabs

|

Regular flat slabs

Slab

column
l

Ordinary flat slabs

Flat plate slab

Flat slab with Drop Parts

Slab

drop
column

Flat slab with Drop Parts

Failures of Flat Slab

Punching failure

Punching failure

Flat slab with Column Heads

Flat slab

Column head or
column capital

column

Flat slab with Column Heads

Flat Slab with Drop Part and

C l
Column
h
head
d

Flat slab

REAL BUILDING

Concrete Dimensions
Minimum thickness (ts)= 150 mm
| Thickness depends on L
|

z
|

L= larger of L1 or L2

Without drop
z ts

Lext/32
z ts Lint/36
|

With drop
z ts

Lext/36
z ts Lint/40

Example 1:
|

Without drops
z

ts is bigger of
150 mm
6000/32=187.5 mm
7000/36
7000/36= 194.4 mm

Take ts = 200 mm

Example 2:
|

With drops
z

ts is bigger of
150 mm
6000/36=166.6 mm
7000/40=
7000/40 175 mm

z
|

Take ts = 180 mm

Note slight effect of

drop
pp
panel here

When to use drop?

If ts is large
| If heavy live load (> 5-8 kN/m2)
| If architect permits
| In general, drop parts are not common in
residential buildings
| They
y are common in factories and buildings
g
with false ceilings
|

Drop panels
|

Drop panels below

slab
l b

Additionall panels
Additi
l
above slab

Drop Part Dimensions

|

Thickness (td)
z tdts/4
z Common,
Common td=ts/2

Drop panel width (X)

z
z
z

X Lmin/3
X Lmin/2
Common X=
X Lmin
i /2

Example
z
z

td=80mm
X=2750 mm

Notes

Columns
|

Bmin=bigger of
z
z
z

300 mm
h/15
Spacing/20

Column Head
Mostly used to
safeguard against
p
punching
g
| max= 45 degrees
| Dmax=L
Lmin/4
|

What if >45 degrees?

Marginal Beams
|

Might be used
z
z
z

Stiffen slab edge

Carry walls
Resist lateral loads

Analysis of Flat Slabs

Empirical method
3rd civil
| Frame analysis
3rd civil
| Finite element (computer)
| Yield line analysis
|

Empirical method conditions

|

|
|
|

|
|
|
|

Columns lay on straight lines (or maximum

eccentricity=10%)
t i it 10%)
Number of spans at least three in each direction
Diff
Difference
b
between
t
ttwo adjacent
dj
t spans within
ithi 10%
Maximum difference between largest and smallest
span in the same direction within
ithin 20%
Inner spans larger or equal outer spans
M i
Maximum
span/minimum
/ i i
span1.30
1 30
Constant slab thickness, ts
Li lload<
Live
d 2* Dead
D d lload
d

Example
|

|
|

Columns lay on straight lines (or

maximum eccentricity=10%)
eccentricity 10%)
Number of spans at least three
in each direction
Difference between two adjacent
spans within 10%
Maximum difference between
largest and smallest span in the
same direction within 20%
Inner spans larger or equal outer
spans
Maximum span/minimum
span1.30
Constant slab thickness, ts
Live load< 2* Dead load

Analysis Procedure
|

Obtain loads, Ws
z

Consider wall loads

Check punching around columns

| Get straining actions in long and short
di ti
directions
|

Divide into strips

Design of sections
| Details of reinforcement
|

SOLUTION
|

Divide slab into

column and field
strips in both
directions

In case of drop panels

Calculation in Long
Direction
In long direction, L1
| Mo=WsL2(L1-2/3D)2/8
| Mo is the moment in a span
length L1 having a width of
L2
| Distribute Mo between
column and field strips as
per the following
p
g table
|

Design
Compute moment per meter
| Choose rft (same regulations as solid
slabs)
|

5-10 bars/meter
z Minimum
Mi i
di
diameter=10
t 10 mm
z Preferable to have constant number of bars
per meter
z

Calculation in Short
Direction
In short direction, L2
| Mo=WsL1(L2-2/3D)2/8
| Mo is the moment in a span length L2
having a width of L1
| Distribute Mo between column and field
strips as per same table
| Note that larger moment results in longerspan direction
|

Notes
Table ratios are based on column strip
width equals field strip width
| In case field strip width is larger
larger, increase
field strip moment by the following ratio, R
| R=real
R real width of field strip/(half C
C.L.
L to C
C.L.)
L)
| Reduce column strip moments accordingly
|

Example

F.S.=4.25 m
C.S.=2.75 m

Details of RFT

Columns
Resist normal force and bending moments
|

Internal columns resist

50% of column strip
p
negative moment
z

Moment is distributed
b t
between
lower
l
and
d upper
columns

Exterior columns resist

90% of column strip
p
negative moment
z

Moment is distributed
b t
between
lower
l
and
d upper
columns

Effect of transferred moment on slab

|

Moment transferred to column partially by flexure and

partially
ti ll b
by ttorsion
i

M flexure = f M
M torison = q M

f =

1
2 b1
1+
3 b2

Put As to resist Mflexure in column width+1

width+1.5
5 ts per side

Punching

q=

Qup
bo d

Qup = Q
bo= 2(A+B)
= 1.15
bo=2A+B
= 1.30

bo=A+B

= 1 . 50

Punching check

q q cup
q cup = 0.80[
q cup

d
b0

+ 0.20]

f cu

= 4......inner.column
= 3......exterior.column
= 2......corner.column

a f cu
= 0.316[0.50 + ]
b c

q cup = 0.316

f cu

q cup = 1.6 N / mm 2

The least
shall be
considered

EXAMPLE
Data
Walls=3 kN/m2
Live load=3
load 3 kN/m2
Flooring=2 kN/m2
Fcu=30MPa
30MP

Example
ws = t s c + FC + Walls + LL
ws = 0.24 x 25 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 14kN / m 2
ws u = 14 x1.5 = 21kN / m

d = 210mm
Q = 21x[3.5 x3.5] = 257 kN
b0 = 2 x 455 = 910mm
1.50 x 257000
q=
= 2.03 N / mm 2
910 x 210

EXAMPLE

q > q cup
USE
COLUMN
HEAD

qcupp = 0.80[

d
b0

+ 0.20]

f cu

qcup

2 x210
30
= 0.80[
+ 0.20]
= 2.37 N / mm2
910
1.5

qcup

a f cu
= 0.316[0.50 + ]
b c

qcup

350 30
= 0.316[0.50 +
]
= 2.11N / mm2
350 1.5

qcup = 0.316
qcup
qcup

f cu

30
= 0.316
= 1.41N / mm2
1.5
= 1.6 N / mm2

EXAMPLE
q cupp = 0.80[
q cup = 0.80[

d
b0

+ 0.20]

f cu

1.50 x 257000
q=
= 1.14 N / mm 2
1610 x 210
1610x

2 x 210
30
+ 0.20]
= 1.64 N / mm 2
1610
1.5

q cup

a f cu
= 0.316[0.50 + ]
b c

q cup

805 30
= 0.316[0.50 +
]
= 2.11N / mm 2
805 1.5

q cup = 0.3316
6

f cu

q cup = 0.316

q < q cup

q cup

SAFE& OK

30
= 1.41N / mm 2
1 .5
= 1.6 N / mm 2

Column Head Rft

OPENINGS

FRAME ANALYSIS

FRAME ANALYSIS
|

Consider frames from columns and slabs

C.L. to C.L.

FRAME ANALYSIS

FRAME ANALYSIS

FRAME ANALYSIS

Quiz
|

Flat slab
LL=10 kN/m2
z Draw to scale
1:100 concrete
dimensions for
the roof
z