SCIENTIFIC REPORT

PROPOSAL

ARRANGED FOR ENGLISH 3 ASSIGNMENT

COMPILED BY:
RENDY
072.10.048
SURYA DARMA HAFIZ
072.10.055
DHIYAURRACHMAN Y.
072.10.066
YVONNE M. FUAPLA
072.10.084

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF EARTSCIENCE AND ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY JAKARTA

2012
INTRODUCTION
As nation that situated in near ring of fire zone, Indonesia is very
rich with natural resources like mineral, ore and potential energy like
geothermal. But in other side, Indonesia is very Susceptible with
geological natural hazard, especially volcano eruption, Earthquake
and Tsunami.
One of the most destructive natural disasters is 26 th December 2004
Earthquake in 9 Richter scale afterwards is followed by Tsunami that
attack of Northern Sumatra coastline and cause hundred thousand
victims in Indonesia and other countries.
In general term, Tsunami is a form of huge and powerful ocean
waves that affect the coastline. Based on geological perspective,
tsunami can be happened by many causes like massive volcano
eruption, deep marine landslide but, dominantly factor is ocean floor
thrust fault is caused by powerful earthquake in tectonics plate
crush zone or subduction zone.
Before 2004, not a lot of Indonesia people understood about
tsunami and after that moment, many people begin to aware about
Indonesia as a country with natural hazard potency, especially
tsunami. But Based on this case, our group tries to do our scientific
paper about tsunami.
BASIC THEORY
Almost 80% of the world's tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean.
Tsunamis occur most often along countries which border the Pacific
"Rim of Fire", or "Ring of Fire'. One end of this region of high seismic
and volcanic activity begins at New Zealand, heading northwest to
Indonesia (completely bypassing Australia) and then west to Papua
New Guinea and Indonesia, northeast along the Asian coastline, east
to North America and then south along the western North American
coastline.
Roughly horse-shoe shaped, the Ring of Fire extends about
40,000km long, and tsunamis can be generated anywhere along this
rim.
Tsunamis occur as a result of seismic activity (earthquakes) at
tectonic plate boundaries, specifically ocean trenches or mid-ocean
ridges. Here, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions under the water
will cause the displacement of massive amounts of water and hence
a tsunami. Therefore, the Pacific Ring is always going to be a hot
bed for tsunamis.

As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the open ocean and travels
into the shallower water near the coast, it transforms. A tsunami
travels at a speed that is related to the water depth - hence, as the
water depth decreases, the tsunami slows. The tsunami's energy
flux, which is dependent on both its wave speed and wave height,
remains nearly constant. Consequently, as the tsunami's speed
diminishes as it travels into shallower water, its height grows.
Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea,
may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast.
When it finally reaches the coast, a tsunami may appear as a rapidly
rising or falling tide, a series of breaking waves, or even a bore.
As a tsunami approaches shore, it begins to slow and grow in height.
Just like other water waves, tsunamis begin to lose energy as they
rush onshore - part of the wave energy is reflected offshore, while
the shoreward-propagating wave energy is dissipated through
bottom friction and turbulence. Despite these losses, tsunamis still
reach the coast with tremendous amounts of energy. Tsunamis have
great erosional potential, stripping beaches of sand that may have
taken years to accumulate and undermining trees and other coastal
vegetation. Capable of inundating, or flooding, hundreds of meters
inland past the typical high-water level, the fast-moving water
associated with the inundating tsunami can crush homes and other
coastal structures. Tsunamis may reach a maximum vertical height
onshore above sea level, often called a run up height, of 10, 20, and
even 30 meters.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
The research problems of our scientific paper are:
What are the tsunami dominant causes in geology
perspective?
What is the Tsunami mechanism from beginning until ending?
Where are areas in Indonesia that have tsunami potency?
How to prepare for face the tsunami in risky area and
mitigation involved?
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of our scientific paper are:
To explain the reader how tsunami can happen and its
mechanism
To explain the reader areas in Indonesia those have tsunami
potency.
To explain the reader the risk of tsunami.

HYPOTHESIS
Tsunami also known as tidal waves generally brings fear and panic
to people living near the ocean nevertheless it does brings an
advantage to geologist.
A tsunami is caused by a thrust fault that is huge vertical
displacement in the sea floor as a result of the earthquake and that
displaces huge volume of water, the tsunami waves when
approaching the shore, it slows down because the water gets
shallower which means that the wave increase dramatically which
cause distraction.
METHODOLOGY
The methods used are all theory methods based on the information
from literature study, and the sources are scientific papers in
scientific journals, online scientific journals, textbooks in library,
scientific articles.

Flow Chart

Writing Proposal

Collecting data and

reference
Arranging and writing
report

TIME FRAME

No
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1st Week

2nd Week

3rd Week

Schedule
I

1.

Writing Proposal

2.

Collecting Data and Reference

3.

Arranging and writing report

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