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Abstract
Insistence on the availability of energy on this decade is getting bigger. Population growth and the
availability of fossil fuel, which becomes smaller each day, is the main trigger. Developing renewable
energy resources nowadays is done by all countries in this world. Indonesia also in position required
this development, especially with its large population and growth every year. Utilizing the large
region, Indonesia may develop its energy resources to supply internal usage. Wind energy resources
are a great advice to be developed. Because it can be found anywhere and the speed of wind in
Indonesia is generally between 4 m / s to 5 m / sec. However, in certain areas such as in coastal wind
speeds can reach 10 m / sec. With these speeds, the development of wind power is less economical.
But it also needs governmental support either policy or funding.
1. Introduction
Standart of living in a country can be based by the proportion of energy consumption there.
We can see thru how easy the civiliant reach the energy resources. Unfortunatelly, right now
fossil fuel become the main energy resources in this world. Besides, energy consumption
getting larger and larger by the time, as the population growth. The massive growing rate of
fossil fuel also followed by the negative pollution impacts.
The development of renewable energy resources in recent years has been largely driven by
the need to reduce greenhouse emissions and it has been done by every country in this world.
It depends on the fossil fuel resources, the eficiency also the availability of renewable energy
resources in each contry. The usage caused by population growth, economic, technology
development and consumpsion become the main cause of the urgenty needed.
Indonesia has large potency of developing renewable energy. The most enviroment-friendly
types of renewable energy is wind energy. Wind energy is granted as a mature of power which
has some potentials. First, wind exist everywhere on earth and in some places with
considerable energy density. Second, wind had been widely used in the past, for mechanical
power as well as transportation. Certainly, it was conceivable to use it again. Third, there was
the technological capacity in this world which is developing wind energy. The only thing we
have to do is upgrade its capacity and eficiency. More of that, govermental policy must go
accordingly to optimalize the development of renewable energy resources in Indonesia.
2. Availability of Energy Resources
Based on data from Pusdatin ESDM1, the avaliability of energy resources in Indonesia is :
ENERGY PRODUCTION:
Primary Energy Production
Crude Oil: 314,665.87 Thousand Barrel
Natural Gas: 2,752.40 BSCF
Coal: 385,899.10 Thousand Tones
1
d. Nuclear
To develop nuclear energy, taking steps the government is socializing to gain
community support and cooperation with various countries to improve the mastery of
technology.
e. Micro-hydro
Measures being undertaken for the development of micro hydro development program
are to integrate the MHP with economic activities, maximizing the potential of irrigation to
the MHP, encouraging micro hydro industry in the country, and developing various
patterns of effective partnerships and funding.
f.
Ocean Energy
Harness marine energy in the form of wave energy, tidal energy, ocean current energy
and ocean thermal energy.
d. Nacelle
Nacelle is at the top of the tower and contains the gearbox, high and low speed shafts,
generator, controller, and brake.
e. Tower and foundation
Tower and foundation covers the use and design of the tower foundation. The tower is
usually a type of free-standing use of steel, and concrete lattice. This election based on
turbine work area. Stiffness of the tower became the main factor for consideration
because it can produce combined with rotor vibration can increase the noise generated.
f.
Control
The control system functions in terms of engine performance on turbine and energy
produced. Its components are:
- Sensors: speed, position, flow, temperature, current, voltage
- Controller: mechanisms of mechanical, electrical circuits, and computer
- Amplifier: switch, amplifier electric, hydraulic pumps and valves
- Actuators: motors, pistons, magnets, and solenoids
One of the main controls is large energy produced.
components. The power curve gives the electrical power output as a function of the hub height
wind speed.
locations but many difficulties to be overcome. As wind energy comes to supply an ever larger
fraction of the worlds electricity, the issues of intermittency, transmission, and storage must be
revisited.
Consideration of an area to develop the potential of wind energy sources are as follows:
a. Potential meteorology. This is equivalent to the available wind resource.
b. The potential of the area. It is based on the potential of meteorology, but is limited to those
sites that are geographically available for power production.
c. The technical potential. The technical potential is calculated from the potential of the site,
accounting for the available technology.
d. The economic potential. The economic potential is technical potential that can be realized
with a minimal budget but capable of producing great power.
e. Potential Implementation. The implementation takes into account the potential financial
constraints and incentives to assess the capacity of wind turbines that can be implemented
within a certain time frame
Indonesia, which has 80791.42 miles along the coast, is an area of potential for the
development of thermal power station. The wind speed in Indonesia is generally between 4 m /
s to 5 m / sec. However, in certain areas such as in coastal wind speeds can reach 10 m / sec.
With these speeds, the development of wind power is less economical. However, if it is built
with a specific height and diameter of the large propeller can produce electrical energy with a
potential capacity of 10-100 kW.
For comparison, the following data is the countries that have developed a potential source
of wind energy:
The cost of the collection and the results are certainly an important consideration in the
commercial utilization of wind energy resources. In some regions such as Europe and America,
wind energy utilization to 10% can lower annual energy costs so that the costs allocated for its
development. Even today, taking advantage of low wind speeds (less than 7.5 m / s) of 35%
utilization of the previous area, able to increase the power generated up to 270%.
Figure 6. Molded capacity factors for curreng turbin models relative to historical technology
(Source. Wiser et al. 2012)
Wind turbine prices also vary, but tend to decrease in 2012. And most of the demand is for
low and medium wind speeds (6 m / s - 8.5 m / s) as shown below.
Developing wind energy resources will make us able to face the challenges through the
development of wind energy in the world and in Indonesia in particular are:
a. Balancing the demand and availability of energy sources
Coverage was initially enough to provide locally, certain areas are close. Once might be
cheaper in terms of cost and more environmentally friendly, the development will be
easier to do and will be more extensive in scope.
b. Competition is increasingly open global industry that the industry players required work
more productively and efficiently at a cost that is not too big
No doubt about it, that in terms of cost, utilization management of wind energy
compared to other energy sources cheaper. So that the production cost is also less.
c. The issue of the utilization of wind energy that cannot be done in all areas and will be
replaced with the use of other renewable energy
Through the development of research carried out continuously, it is not impossible that
both low and high wind speeds will eventually be able to be utilized as a source of
renewable energy anywhere.
In addition, here is an illustration of the growth of wind energy utilization for the industry
which is expected to attract more investors in this field.
Figure 8. Estimated change in the LCOE between low and high wind speed sites resulting
from technological advancement
(Source: Wiser et al 2012)
c. Indonesia has a great potential for development of wind energy resources. Unfortunately
this has not been the focus of the development of new renewable energy sources for now.
In the end, the development of wind energy resources, with warts and all, is the choice to do
or not. But look at the availability of energy sources and renewable energy sources that exist
today, the wind have great potential and should be considered.
9. References
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