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Культура Документы
Ingls
BNDES
2
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The
3
Snoopy is an extroverted beagle with a
Walter Mitty complex. He is a virtuoso at
every endeavor at least in his daydreams
atop his doghouse. He regards his master,
Charlie Brown, as "that round-headed kid"
who brings him his supper dish. He is
fearless though prudently cautious about "the
cat next door." He never speaks- that would
be one human trait too many- but he
manages to convey everything necessary in
facial expressions and thought balloons. A
one-man show with superior intelligence and
vivid imagination, he has created such
multiple personalities as: Joe Cool, World
War I Flying Ace, Literary Ace, Flashbeagle,
Vulture, Foreign Legionnaire, etc.
Pgina 1
Ingls
Dear Son,
Im writing this letter slowly because I know you
cant read fast. About your father - he isnt looking for a
job anymore. Now he has a lovely job. He has 500 men
under him - he cuts grass at the cemetery.
Your uncle Patrick drowned last week in a vat of
whiskey in the Dublin Distillery. Some of his
workmates tried to save him but he fought against them
bravely. They cremated him and it took three days to
put out the fire.
I went to the doctor on Thursday and your father
went with me. The doctor put a sort of small tube in my
mouth and told me not to talk for five minutes. When
your father realized what had happened he offered to
buy the tube from the doctor.
It only rained twice this week, first for three days
and then for four days. Monday was so windy that one
of the chickens laid the same egg four times.
We had a letter from the undertaker last week. He
says he isnt going to wait anymore. If the payment on
your Grandmothers plot isnt paid in seven days, up she
comes!
Your loving Mother
P.S. I was going to send you five pounds but I had
already sealed the envelope.
BNDES
Pgina 2
Ingls
BNDES
7
INDICATIONS: For the temporary relief
8 of minor
aches and pains associated with the
common
cold, 2 headache,
toothache,
Unidade
muscular aches, backaches, for the minor
pain of arthritis, for the pain of menstrual
para and
leitura.
cramps
for reduction of fever.
DIRECTIONS: Adults: Take 1 caplet
every 4 to 6 hours while symptoms persist. If
pain of fever does not respond to 1 caplet, 2
caplets may be used but do not exceed 6
caplets in 24 hours, unless directed by a
doctor. The smallest effective dose should be
used.
Pgina 3
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BNDES
A
Able
About
Above
Abroad
Accept
Accomplish(ed)
Account
Accurate
Achieve(ment)
Acquire
Actual(ly)
Address
Advice
Advise
Affair
Afford
Afraid
Age
Agenda
Agree(ment)
Aid
Aim
Allow
Almost
Amend(ment)
Amount
Ancient
Apply
Approach
Arrive
Article
Assemble
Asses(met)
Asset(s)
Assign(ment)
Assume
Assure
Attach
Attend
Attempt
Available
Average
Prof. Rafael Dupont
adj. capaz
prep. sobre; adv. por volta de
adj.acima
adv. exterior
v. aceitar
v. realizar; (realizado)
n. relato
adj. preciso
v. alcanar, realizar (n. realizao)
v. adquirir
adj. verdadeiro (adv. realmente)
n. discurso, endereo
n. conselho
v. aconselhar
n. assunto, caso
v. custear
adj. amedrontado (medo)
n. idade, poca; v. envelhecer
n. pauta
v. concordar (n. acordo)
n. ajuda
n. objetivo; v. visar
v. permitir
adv. quase
v. emendar, corrigir (n. melhoria)
n. quantia
adj. antigo
v. candidatar-se
v. aproximar-se; n. abordagem
v. chegar
n. artigo
v. reunir(-se)
v. avaliar (n. avaliao)
n. bem, trunfo (n. pl. bens)
v. atribuir, designar (n. tarefa, atribuilo)
v. presumir, supor
v. garantir
v. anexar
v. assistir, freqentar, comparecer
v. tentar
adj. disponvel
n. mdia
Pgina 4
Ingls
Avoid
Aware
BNDES
v. evitar
adj. ciente
As frases abaixo trazem exemplos de palavras que iniciam com a letra A. Nem todas elas
aparecem na lista acima. Nestes casos, tente inferir o significado das palavras em destaque.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Pgina 5
Ingls
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
BNDES
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
I - Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.
AID
ALLOW
ASSEMBLE
AGENDA
AGREE
AVAILABLE
AMEND
ABLE
AFFORD
AIM
APPLY
Pgina 6
Ingls
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
BNDES
ACONSELHAR
EXTERIOR
BENS
DESIGNAR, ATRIBUIR
ASSUNTO
PRECISO
CIENTE
GARANTIR
REUNIR
AUXLIO
TESTES
1. There are many who will work hard to achieve their goals.
(A) alcanar
(B) determinar
(C) prender
(D)fazer
(E) terminar
2. Most areas suffered more rain than usual, with Northern Ireland getting double the average
for the month.
(A) situao
(B) chuva
(C) montante
(D) quantiade
(E) mdia
3. She is very attached to her family and friends.
The gadget can be attached to any vertical surface.
(A) ligada, anexada
(B) forada, ligada
(C) desligada, desacoplada
(D) colada, forada
(E) forada, ligada
4. The president gave an address to the American people.
(A) endereo
(B) conselho
(C) aviso
(D) considerao
(E) discurso
Pgina 7
Ingls
BNDES
5. The new laws allow the confiscation of assets purchased with proceeds of the drugs trade.
(A) remedios
(B) drogas
(C) acessrios
(D) bens
(E) aparelhos
6. Her leadership qualities were the greatest asset of the Conservative Party.
(A) vantagem
(B) sorte
(C) bens
(D) bem
(E) segredo
7. The pilots had to take emergency actions to avoid a disaster.
(A) conseguir
(B) contornar
(C) assimilar
(D) evitar
(E) resgatar
8. I see your point but Im not sure if I agree with you.
(A) discordo
(B) prefiro
(C) acordo
(D) concordo
(E) vou
9. Sally traveled abroad with her family last week.
(A) a bordo
(B) para longe
(C) para o exterior
(D)de carro
(E) com borda
10. They wont allow him to go on with his plan
(A) ajudar
(B) possibilitar
(C) alterar
(D) corroborar
(E) permitir
Pgina 8
Ingls
BNDES
Pgina 9
Ingls
BNDES
Pgina 10
Ingls
BNDES
TEXTO II
22. The text doesnt inform that:
(A) Nokia is a huge company
(B) The final price of the N-Gage
(C) You can play games in the N-Gage
(D) You can make phone calls with the N-Gage
(E) The new N-Gage might compete with the Game Boy Advance
23. The word its refers to
(A) phone
(B) mobile phone
(C) Nokia
(D) Nintendo
(E) Game Boy Advance
Pgina 11
Ingls
BNDES
TEXTO III
24. The best title for the text above is
(A) For Women Only
(B) Sites For Women
(C) Internets New Challenges
(D) The Best On The Internet
(E) Online Issues For All
Though womens Day has come and gone, here is a site that truly celebrates the gentler sex. The
cleverly-named www.handbag.com offers in-depth coverage of issues of great interest and
importance to women. Theres a career expert, for example, to help you with your job change and
an online house-price predictor to get you through those messy property issues. But youll also
find some lighter editorial content, like the latest in celebrity gossip, fitness trends and beauty
products. Definitely worth a visit!
TEXTO IV
25. According to the last lines of the text, it can be inferred that
(A) The site will be removed from the net due to the Vice Presidents complain.
(B) Theres a real picture of the Vice Presidents wife with a clown nose.
(C) The Vice Presidents wife works as a clown.
(D) The site responded by sending the Vice President a doctored picture of his wife.
(E) The site will be maintained besides the complaints received.
26. The words it and her refers respectively to
(A) the site the Vice President
(B) portraits Lynne Cheney
(C) portraits the Vice Presidents wife
(D) office Lynne Cheney
(E) the site Lynne Cheney
Humor or Disrespect?
Courage. Passion. Faith. Petroleum. Xenophobia. Thats how one extremely popular satiric web
site (www.whitehouse.org) sums up the Bush administration. a lampoon of the White Houses
official web site (www.whitehouse.gov), whitehouse.org has been under fire lately for its lessthan-lovely portraits of Lynne Cheney, the Vice Presidents wife, that prompted the Vice
Presidents office to send a letter to the site requesting that it removes her satiric biography
(pictures and all). The sites response: to devilishly doctor her picture with a clown nose and black
tooth.
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 12
Ingls
BNDES
TEXTO V
27. According to the text
(A) the American dream is the SUV.
(B) the SUV models consume more oil than cars.
(C) cars are under attack by environmentalists.
(D) cars are wasteful vehicles.
(E) not many people in the United States have an SUV.
28. The words which refers respectively to
(A) SUV cars
(B) American Dream SUV
(C) car wasteful models
(D) automobile SUV
(E) car SUV
Even if the automobile is one of the most powerful symbols of the American Dream, the recent
war in Iraq led many people to question the countrys dependence on oil. It wasnt the car itself
which came under attack from environmentalists so much as some of the most wasteful models.
The massive SUV, or Sports Utility Vehicle, which is a truck on wheels, rather than a car, is a
particular object of hate: the Hummer, for example, gives you as little as 12 miles per gallon,
whereas a Toyota Prius can do 52 and this led the Union of Concerned Scientists to observe: If
everybody in the US who drives an SUV drove a car instead, we could cut out Middle Eastern oil
imports entirely.
Unidade 4
Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras B e C e
foram extradas de textos de vestibulares. Esta a continuao da lista bsica de vocabulrio
para concursos.
Back
Background
Basis
Before
Behave
Being
Belief
Believe
Prof. Rafael Dupont
B
n. costas; v. mover para trs; adj. de trs; adv. atrs, no
passado, de volta
n. formao, experincia
n. pl. base, parte principal
prep. diante de, perante; conj. antes que; adv. na frente de
v. comportar-se, agir
n. existncia, se; v. (+ing) sendo, estando, ser, estar
n. crena
v. acreditar
Pgina 13
Ingls
Belong
Blame
Bond
Born (be born)
Borrow
Both
Bound
Boundary
(line)
Brand
Brief
Broad
Broadcast
Bureau
Business
But
BNDES
v. pertencer
v. culpar; n. culpa
n. elo, vnculo
adj. nascido, nato; (v. nascer)
v. pegar emprestado
adj./pron. ambos;
adj. compelido; n. limite; v. limitar
n. limite (linha divisria)
n. marca (registrada)
n. breve; adj. conciso
adj. largo, amplo
n. transmisso; v. transmitir
n. agncia, departamento
n. negcio
conj. mas, porm; prep. exceto
C
Care
n. cuidado; v. cuidar de
Caution
n. prudncia
Century
n. sculo
Certain
adj. certo, determinado
Challenge
n. desafio; v. desafiar
Chance
n. possibilidade, chance
Change
n. mudana; v. mudar
Chapter
n. captulo
Character
n. carter, personagem
Charge
n. carga; v.carregar,acusar
Chart
n. mapa, tabela
Childhood
n. infncia
Choice
n. escolha; adj. escolhido
Citizen
n. cidado
Claim
n. reivindicao, alegao;
v. reivindicar, alegar
Class
n. classe, sala, aula
Clever
adj. inteligente, esperto
Clue
n. pista, indcio
College
n. faculdade, universidade
Commitment
n.compromisso
Compare
n. comparao; v. comparar
Complain(t)
v. reclamar (n. reclamao)
Compliance
n. consentimento
Comply
v. concordar, consentir
Comprehensive adj. abrangente, amplo
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 14
Ingls
Compromise
Conceive
Concern
Concerned
Concerning
Consider
Constraint(s)
Contend (with)
Content
Convey
Cope (with)
Core
Cost
Counterpart
Countless
Couple
Course
of course
Create
Current
BNDES
As frases abaixo trazem exemplos das palavras acima em diferentes contextos. Nem todas elas
aparecem na lista. Tente inferir o significado dessas palavras atravs do seu uso nas oraes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
She was too young to give the child the care it needed.
You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog.
Generosity is part of the American character.
Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the
government.
He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.
He rejected claims that he had affairs with six women.
Theres been a record number of complaints about the standard of mobile phone
services on Brazils companies.
The move is in compliance with the European agreement on pesticides.
The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa.
The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern
western aid agencies.
The government contends that he is fundamentalist.
The director is reluctant to discuss the contents of the play.
Sandon Hall and its contents will be auctioned by Sotheby's on November 12th.
In every one of her pictures Frida Khalo conveys a sense of immediacy.
He also conveyed his views and the views of the bureaucracy.
He has had to cope with losing all his previous status and money. (=contend)
Pgina 15
Ingls
BNDES
17. It was amazing how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than three
pounds a week. (=manage)
18. The core of the city is a series of ancient squares. (=centre)
19. We must look the core of the problem. (heart)
20. The Secretary of State and his Russian counterpart met to try to solve the problems
involving both countries.
21. Ten years after its release, the Lands End shirt has suffered countless improvements.
22. There used to be strong bond between church and power.
23. FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation.
24. He greeted them with a wave and a broad smile.
25. Mark wouldnt let me borrow his clothes.
26. Under certain conditions, electrons can behave like waves rather than particles.
27. Nothing would relieve his terrible sense of blame.
28. Kirgizia is bounded by Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan.
29. The Minister is concerned about this issue.
30. Mozarts life was brief.
31. In a broadcast on state radio the government also announced that it is willing to resume
peace negotiations.
32. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
33. She is unable to conceive.
34. I just cant even conceive of that huge quantity of money.
35. Christopher is commonly known as Kit.
36. Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay.
37. Standards in health care have improved a lot.
38. Caution is the key word in this situation.
39. Statistics should be treated with caution.
40. The decision will impose serious constraints on all schools
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
I Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.
COMPLAIN
BUREAU
COMMONLY
CONCEIVE
BROAD
CONCERNED
CHARACTER
BROADCAST
CLAIM
CAUTION
CONCERNING
BRIEF
CARE
Pgina 16
Ingls
BNDES
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Pgina 17
Ingls
BNDES
32. One billion people throughout the world are Muslins, united by belief in one God.
(A) favor
(B) lado
(C) culpa
(D) crena
(E) marca
33. She has many qualities besides being very beautiful.
(A) ao lado de
(B) alm de
(C) acima de
(D) contanto que
(E) perto de
34. The commission is expected to blame the army for many o the atrocities.
(A) acusar
(B) aceitar
(C) cobrar
(D) negociar
(E) amparar
35. The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
(A) desavena
(B) acordo
(C) ligao
(D) disputa
(E) negcio
36. The new treatment could save Emmas life and the lives of countless others.
(A) poucas
(B) contveis
(C) incontveis
(D) sempre
(E) mais
37. Brazil is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.
(A) prejudicar
(B) incrementar
(C) melhorar
(D) amparar
(E) suportar
Pgina 18
Ingls
BNDES
38. That incredible experience created a very special bond between us.
(A) distncia
(B) reao
(C) elo
(D) negcio
(E) paixo
39. Drug traffickers operate across national and international boundaries.
(A) territrios
(B) divisas
(C) guardas
(D) faces
(E) correntes
40. The local branch of Bank of America is having serious problems with its shareholders.
(A) matriz
(B) quartel-general
(C) banco
(D) repartio
(E) filial
41. Nike is a brand of Tennis-shoes.
(A) loja
(B) seo
(C) marca
(D) repartio
(E) filial
42. .. is very important in this situation.
(A) Claim
(B) Complain
(C) Conceive
(D)Core
(E) Caution
43. Those residents expressed about the crime statistic.
(A) Conceive
(B) Concern
(C) Chance
(D)Contend
(E) Complain
Pgina 19
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BNDES
Unidade 5
Vamos colocar em prtica nosso conhecimento.
Instruo: As questes de nmero 1 a 4 referem-se ao texto abaixo.
Not Just Sex and Sangria
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
It's just after sunset on a recent Friday, a quiet time in the off season on
the island of Ibiza. The $200-a-week package tours from the north of England
have not begun to descend on San Antonio Bay, which resembles a mini-Miami
Beach on the Spanish Mediterranean.
Ibiza owes its life to tourism. When holiday makers from Europe began flocking
to the arid and impoverished island 30 years ago, they saved it from collapse.
Their dollars helped compensate for the stagnant salt, fishing and agriculture
industries. But to tourism grew too much, too fast. Ibiza became synonymous
with sun, sex and sangria. Thousands of young Europeans descended upon the
island each summer, threatening to destroy the local culture and the people's
peaceful life.
Now the island is fighting back. The government is desperately trying to
take tourism in a new direction, by inviting more capital from up-market tourists
and promoting cultural tourism to attract selected groups of culture-hungry
tourists so as to avoid the damaging effects of uncontrolled tourist trade. It is
also setting high standards for hotels and restaurants, and forbidding new
construction close to the water.
Pgina 20
Ingls
BNDES
46. But tourism grew too much and too fast". The growth of mass tourism in Ibiza is described as
(A) a necessary and agreeable occurrence
(B) a policy established by the government
(C) a danger for the local people's life-style
(D) a problem for the young European tourists.
(E) a desirable thing for everyone on the island
47. Now, the Government intends to
(A) promote a better kind of controlled tourism
(B) change the directors of the tourism industry
(C) increase the constructions near the bay
(D) send tourists to several other places
(E) forbid the entrance of culture-hungry people
I was born in 1942 and raised in a poor village in one of the poorest areas
of rural India, a place with kerosene lamps and no running water. In 1980, at
38, I was a U.S. citizen and a self-made telecommunications millionaire. By
1990, I was 47 years old and nearing the end of nearly a decade back in India
as leader of a controversial but largely successful effort to build an Indian
information industry and begin the immense task of extending digital
telecommunications to every corner of my native country, even to villages like
the one where I was born.
That effort persists today at an increased pace, but it remains
controversial. Some of the controversy has centered on me and my methods.
Most of it focuses on the efficacy and logic of bringing information technology to
people who are in global terms the poorest of the poor. Common sense and
accepted thinking about economic development have long held it ridiculous to
supply Third-World villages with modern technology. What subsistence farmers
need is not high-tech science and complex systems, the argument goes, but
basic literacy, disease resistant cereals and oilseeds, that is, all the "appropriate"
technologies that the unsophisticated rural poor can use and understand.
For me, modern telecommunications and electronic information systems
are appropriate technologies even in those regions of the world that still lack
adequate water, food, and power. The reason is simply that modern
telecommunications is an indispensable a id in meeting basic needs. Wouldn't a
telephone help a poor community if a natural calamity, like fire or flood,
happened?
Technology can eliminate cultural barriers, affect economic inequalities, even
compensate for intellectual disparities. In short, high technology can put unequal
Pgina 21
Ingls
BNDES
26 human beings on an equal footing, and that makes it the most potent
27 democratizing tool ever devised.
Pgina 22
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BNDES
53. Technology can eliminate cultural barriers... (L. 18) In this sentence, the modal verb can
indicates that the writer considers the elimination of cultural barriers
(A) doubtful
(B) impossible
(C) hypothetical
(D) unconvincing
(E) probable
Unidade 6
Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras D e E e
foram extradas de textos de concursos. Esta a continuao da lista de palavras essenciais
para o vestibular.
Damage
Data
Deal (with)
Dealing(s)
Death
Decrease
Deep
Defeat
Definetly
Degree
Delay
Deliver(y)
Demand
Deny
Depth
Deserve
Design
Desire
Develop
Device
Disease
Display
Double
Doubt
Drop
Duty
Prof. Rafael Dupont
D
n. dano; v. danificar
n. pl. (de datum) dados
n. acordo; v. negociar (lidar com)
n. negcio(s), procedimento
n. morte
n. decrscimo; v. diminuir
n. profundidade; adj. profundo, intenso
n. derrota; v. derrotar
adv. Definitivamente
n. grau, diploma
n. atraso; v. adiar
v. entregar, dar a luz (n. entrega)
n. demanda; v. demandar
v.negar
n. profundidade
v. merecer, ser digno de, ter direito a
n. projeto, desenho
v. projetar, desenhar
n. desejo, vontade; v. desejar
v. desenvolver
n. dispositivo, aparelho
n. doena, enfermidade; v. infectar
n. exibio; v. exibir
n. dobro, duplo
n. dvida; v. duvidar
n. gota; v. gotejar, deixar cair
n. dever, taxa, imposto
Pgina 23
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Each
Earn
Ease
Eastern
Edge
Effect
Effort
Either
Emphasize
Employ
Enable
Enhance
Enough
Entire
Establish
Eventually
Ever
Excerpt
Exchange
Expect
Expense
Explain
BNDES
E
adj. cada (um), cada qual
v. ganhar, receber, merecer
n. sossego, facilidade; v. aliviar, abrandar
n./adj. Oriental
n. extremidade, beira, limite, vantagem; v. margear, avanar
devagar
n. efeito, resultado; v. efetuar, causar
n. esforo, empenho
adj. um ou outro; adv. tambm, em vez de; conj. ou, seno
v. enfatizar
v. empregar
v. permitir, capacitar
v. aumentar, melhorar
n. o suficiente;adj. bastante
adj. inteiro; n. o todo
v. estabelecer, determinar
adv. eventualmente, finalmente
adv. sempre, alguma vez
n. excerto; v. extrair
n. troca; v. trocar
v. esperar
n. despesa
v. explicar
Pgina 24
Ingls
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
BNDES
If the warranty is limited, the term may entitle you to a replacement or a refound.
Pupils in our schools are taught in a safe, secure environment.
We have a duty to persuade others to respect the environment.
The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote.
The human race has enough weapons to annihilate itself.
The committee was established in 1912
1. Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.
DELIVER
DEFEAT
DECREASE
DESIGN
DEPTH
ENOUGH
DERIVE
EVENTUALLY
DEVICE
DATA
DELAY
ENHANCE
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
2.
(F) develop
(G) disease
(H) display
(I) distress
(J) domain
(K) draft
(L) drop
(M) duty
Pgina 25
Ingls
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
BNDES
angstia, aflio
domnio, propriedade
esboo, rascunho
desenvolver
doena
exibir, revelar
gota, gotejar
dever, obrigao
TESTES
54. Thats a lovely way to earn a living.
(A) perder
(B) viver
(C) ganhar
(D) obter
(E) vencer
55. I gave him some brandy to ease the pain.
(A) reforar
(B) aumentar
(C) recuar
(D) abrandar
(E) intensificar
56. We were on a hill, right on the edge of town.
(A) incio
(B) meio
(C) limite
(D) fora
(E) dentro
57. The teacher disagrees with the methods and approaches employed in this study.
(A) testados
(B) aplicados
(C) direcionados
(D) revisados
(E) observados
58. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.
(A) capacitar problema
(B) permitir doena
(C) ajudar doena
(D) permitir problema
(E) avisar doena
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 26
Ingls
BNDES
59. Large paintings can enhance the feeling of space in small rooms.
(A) favorecer
(B) capacitar
(C) aumentar
(D) suportar
(E) diminuir
60. There are only ten airports in the entire country.
(A) metade
(B) todo
(C) completo
(D) parte
(E) somente
61. That was a fantastic chance to ....................... her reputation.
(A) duty
(B) domain
(C) demand
(D) enhance
(E) enable
Unidade 7
Utilizamos a estratgia de leitura chamada active reading para identificarmos o tpico
do texto e mapearmos as informaes nele presentes sem nos preocuparmos com os seus
detalhes. Para tanto, devemos ler o primeiro pargrafo na sua totalidade e refletir sobre
duas questes muito simplres: Qualo assunto geral do texto? Qual aspecto desse assunto
est sendo abordado?
Em seguida, observamos o texto rapidamente e prestamos ateno nas primeiras e
ltimas oraes de cada pargrafo, palavras e expresses em itlico e nos cognatos. Dessa
forma, podemos mapear o texto e as informaes presentes em cada pargrafo.
J a tcnica de leitura conhecida como scanning pode ser extremamente til quando
necessitamos identificar informaes especficas no texto. Para excuta-la, basta correr os
olhos no texto at localizarmos o trecho no qual se encontra o assunto procurado. como
procurar um nome numa lista telefnica ou uma palavra no dicionrio.
Podemos utilizar estas duas ferramentas para realizarmos as provas de Ingls dos
concursos com mais eficincia. Devemos lembrar que as questes de interpretao de texto
exigem do candidato a compreenso da idia geral/principal do texto bem como a
identificao de detalhes especficos encontrados no mesmo.
Observe os textos abaixo e faa uma primeira leitura rpida dos mesmos,
observando os ttulos, cognatos, referncias e tpicos frasais. Em seguida, tente resumir,
em apenas uma frase, a idia central de cada um deles.
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 27
Ingls
BNDES
ANIMAL mAGIS
ANIMAL MAGIC
Most animals have a better sense of
smell than humans. Dogs, for example, are
renowned for their acute sense of smell a
hunting dog has around 220 million sensory
cells, 35 times more than a human. Horses
also have highly developed noses, to make
up for their poor eyesight, and fish and water
mammals also usually have a good sense of
smell. Sharks, in particular, can detect fresh
blood at great distances. Smell can ensure
the survival of the species male silkworm
can locate a female five miles away by her
specific aroma. Some animals, however,
cant smell at all. Most underground animals
have an acute sense of vibration, but cannot
detect any scent.
2
NIGHT MOVES
No one knows why some people
sleepwalk. But it tends to run in families and is
much more common in children than in adults.
Although sleepwalkers are usually able to guide
themselves through doors and down stairs, they
are infallible and can quite easily hurt themselves
by walking into things. It is difficult and not
advisable to wake a sleepwalker. Usually the
best idea is simply to guide them back to bed.
According to Dr Hanning, the people most likely
to sleepwalk and to sleep talk are those who
tend to be more deeply affected by outside
events such as horror films and disturbing news
stories. This may well explain why children are
more prone than adults.
4
8
Pgina 28
Ingls
BNDES
IDIA CENTRAL
1: ___________________________________________________________
2: ___________________________________________________________
3: ___________________________________________________________
4: ___________________________________________________________
10
15
20
25
Pgina 29
Ingls
30
35
40
45
50
55
BNDES
Pgina 30
Ingls
BNDES
Unidade 8
Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras F, G,
H, I, J e K e foram extradas de textos de concursos.
F
Face
n. rosto; v. enfrentar
Fail
v. fracassar
Failure
n. fracasso
Fair
n. feira; adj. justo
Faith
n. f
Fall (fell,
n. queda, outono; v. cair
fallen)
Far
adj. distante
Fate
n. destino, sorte; v. destinar, condenar
Fault
n. culpa, defeito, falha; v. causar defeito
Fear
n. medo; v. temer
Feature(s)
n. (pl.) aspecto, caracterstica; v. exibir
Field
n. campo, rea de atuao; adj. de campo
Figure (out)
v. imaginar (deduzir, entender)
Fill
v. preencher
Fit
adj. adequado; v. adequar-se, caber
Fix
v. consertar
Foreign
adj. estrangeiro
Foreword
n. prefcio, prlogo, introduo
Forgive
v. perdoar
Former
adj. primeiro, anterior, antigo, exFortunately
adv. felizmente
Found
v. fundar
Full(ly)
adj. cheio (completamente)
Full-time
n. tempo integral
Further
adj. mais distante, mais; adv. mais, alm (disso)
G
Gender
n. gnero, sexo
General
adj. geral; n. general
Goal
n. meta, objetivo, finalidade, fim
Good
adj. Bom
Goods
n. pl. mercadorias, bens, artigos
Grant
n. doao; v. conceder, admitir
Great(ly)
adj. grande, timo
(adv. grandemente, muito)
Gross
n. grosso, total; adj.bruto, grosseiro
Ground
n. terra, base; v. estabelecer
Growth
n. crescimento, aumento
Guess
n. palpite; v. adivinhar, supor
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 31
Ingls
Guide
Guideline
Half
Handle
Hard
Hardly (ever)
Harm(ful)
Height(en)
Help(ful)
Hence
Highlight
Highly
Hinder
Hopefull(ly)
BNDES
However
Pgina 32
Ingls
BNDES
Exemplos de uso.
1. Students can gain valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.
2. Excessive weight gain doesnt do you any good.
3. The figures show a general decline in employment.
4. Johns goal on life is to write a book.
5. That clothing store is specialized in leather goods.
6. Mr. Brown granted the man permission to leave.
7. Sally was awarded a grant for studying abroad.
8. The crowds behaved grossly during the whole match.
9. A strong wind was blowing right in my face.
10.
Youll face many challenges next year.
11.
He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.
12.
Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.
13.
The result of the contest was very fair according to specialists.
14.
I ought to seal the boxes. I dont want the books falling out from them.
15.
I know a nice Italian restaurant not very far from here.
16.
All that trouble was Georges fault.
17.
It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business
school.
18.
The spacious garden and the pool are special features of the house.
19.
I watched an incredible movie which features a Spanish actor in the main role.
20.
They went for walks together in the fields.
21.
Theyve spent a lifetime fighting against prejudice and racism.
22.
The new government figures predict that two in ten marriages will end in divorce.
23.
They are trying to figure out the politician of this whole situation.
24.
The government has files on peoples taxes and incomes.
25.
Those pants were too small and didnt fit his waist.
26.
The president fulfilled his promise of announcing date for the referendum.
27.
Without them you will not be able to fulfill the tasks you have before you.
28.
Fortunately, our train arrived on time.
29.
More than half of all households report incomes above $ 10,000.
30.
Youll have to be able to handle the whole situation.
31.
If Mark asks what happened in court I think we should tell him the truth.
32.
She was dressed in the height of fashion.
33.
What is the height of this building?
34.
George is always very helpful to his mother.
35.
The trade imbalance is likely to rise again in 2010. Hence anew set of policy actions
will be required.
36.
I cant carry this parcel. It is too heavy for me.
37.
Im very worried about Johns heavy drinking.
38.
The traffic along Trafalgar Square was really heavy.
39.
Those children are nearly the same height.
40.
What is the height of that mountain?
41.
The highlight of our tour was seeing the palace.
42.
Internacionals match was one of the highlights of the championship.
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 33
Ingls
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
BNDES
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
1. Match the columns.
( 1 ) FACE
( 2 ) FORBID
( 3 ) FARTHER
( 4 ) FIELD
( 5 ) FILE
( 6 ) FURTHERMORE
( 7 ) FIT
( 8 ) GENDER
( 9 ) GROWTH
(10) GOODS
(11) GROSS
(12) GRANT
(13) GO ON
(14) GIVE RISE
Pgina 34
Ingls
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
BNDES
ALM DISSO
DAR ESPAO
PROIBIR
ADEQUAR-SE, AJUSTAR-SE
SEGUIR
ARQUIVO, ARQUIVAR
CONCEDER
CAMPO, REA DE ATUAO
GROSSEIRO
MAIS DISTANTE
ENFRENTAR
MERCADORIAS, BENS
GNERO,SEXO
CRESCIMENTO
2. Fill in the blanks by using the words from the box below.
HARM
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
HANDLE
HELPFUL
HIGHLIGHT (N)
HARDLY EVER
HARMFUL
HIGHLIGHT (V)
HOWEVER
HOPEFUL
She will never make a good teacher she doesnt know how to .. children.
He normally stays home during the weekends. He .. goes out.
Theres no need to be frightened they will do you no ... .
Medicines can be if you take too much of them.
You may find this book very .. to your research.
Seeing the palace was the .. of our tour.
Johns comments served to many points in our discussion.
His first response was to say no. Later, .. he changed his mind.
I feel .. that well find a way to solve this problem very soon.
3. Supply he correct words for the definitions and examples below (letters J and K).
a) A .. is a magazine, especially one that deals with a specialized subject. ex.: All
the results of this research will be published in Scientific .
b) If someone . in a particular state, they remain in it. ex.: All this noise will
.. him awake.
c) A . is a part of the human body such as an elbow or a knee where two
bones meet and are able to move together. ex.: Her . ache if she exercises.
d) A is a specially shaped piece of metal that you place in a lock and turn in
order to open or lock a door, or to stop or start the engine of a vehicle. ex.: They put the
in the door and entered the room.
Pgina 35
Ingls
BNDES
Pgina 36
Ingls
BNDES
67. There has been an increase of nearly 50% on oil prices over last year.
(A) aumento
(B) reduo
(C) diferenciao
(D) moderao
(E) recuo
68. Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made.
(A) claramente
(B) felizmente
(C) no obstante
(D) de fato
(E) parcialmente
69. We will discuss these three areas in depth next week.
(A) superficialmente
(B) oralmente
(C) em profundidade
(D) com dedicao
(E) indeterminadamente
70. We visited America and Australia, staying longer in the former than in the latter.
(A) ltimo
(B) inicial
(C) final
(D) primeiro
(E) antigo
71. You dont have to be a detective to figure out some things.
(A) deduzir
(B) duvidar
(C) roubar
(D) desdenhar
(E) figurar
72.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Pgina 37
Ingls
BNDES
Pgina 38
Ingls
BNDES
Unidade 9
Time to practice!!!
10
15
20
25
30
Pgina 39
Ingls
BNDES
human beings
and contribute to our quality of life.
There are many kinds of benefits for people that have pets. Imagine a
normal
citizen, meaning someone healthy who needs some kind of therapy.
The presence
of a pet can lower his/her blood pressure, which is one of the reasons
for a pet
guardians better quality of life, one year after having a heart attack.
Another
explanation is obvious and applies to all guardians of dogs who wish
to guard
against heart disease: more daily exercise due to the necessary dog
walking. Pet
guardians generally have a lower level of cholesterol and are therefore
less prone
to heart attacks. A study published by the British Journal of the Royal
Society of
Medicine shows that pet guardians are less likely to be bothered by
small health
problems and enjoy a better quality of life than people who have no
pets.
Companionship animals are also of help to children, both at home and
in school.
They augment childrens self-esteem, improve their integration with
other children
and increase their performance in school.
77. Segundo o texto (linhas 1-18), o Dr. Turner exerce diversas atividades,
EXCETO:
(A) Presidente da IAHAIO.
(B) Professor de veterinria .
(C) Professor na Universidade de Zurich.
(D) Lder de comunidades sul-africanas.
(E) Organizador de congressos.
Pgina 40
Ingls
BNDES
(C)
(D)
(E)
Pgina 41
Ingls
BNDES
82. Nas linhas 15-18, o autor diz que vrios tipos de pessoas podem ser ajudados
por animais de estimao. Das opes abaixo, o nico grupo NO
mencionado no texto o dos(das):
(A) Idosos.
(B) Crianas.
(C) Criminosos.
(D) Deficientes mentais.
(E) Jovens delinqentes.
83. A respeito das necessidades dos animais, o texto diz que Knowing the physical
and psychological needs of cats and dogs helps us to treat them better
(linhas 19-20). Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir, no mesmo
contexto, a frase sublinhada.
(A) We know what cats and dogs need but we dont treat them better.
(B)
If we know the physical and psychological needs of cats and dogs, we will
treat them better .
(C)
If cats and dogs know their physical and psychological needs, we will be
able to treat them better.
(D) Everyone knows the needs of cats and dogs because we treat them well.
(E) We need to treat cats and dogs better so we can know their needs.
84. Indique a opo que expressa a idia principal do quinto pargrafo do texto.
(A) A AAT ajuda aqueles que tiveram um ataque cardaco.
(B) Os animais trazem vrios benefcios para as pessoas.
(C) Os animais so, em geral, mais saudveis do que os seres humanos.
(D) O maior benefcio de se ter um animal o aumento do exerccio fsico.
(E)
85. A respeito da relao entre os animais e as crianas, o texto (linhas 32-34) diz
que:
A companhia dos animais ajuda as crianas tanto na escola como em
(A)
casa.
(B) Os animais irritam as crianas, que perdem a auto-estima.
(C) Os animais acompanham as crianas na escola e em casa.
(D) Os animais se integram melhor com as crianas na escola.
(E) As crianas nunca observam os hbitos dos animais.
Pgina 42
Ingls
BNDES
Gabarito
77 D 78 E 79 A 80 E 81 A 82 C 83 B 84 B 85 A 86 C
Gabarito
A
B
C
D
E
1
X
3
X
6
X
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
B
C
D
E
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
A
B
C
D
E
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Pgina 43
Ingls
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
BNDES
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PARTE II
Gramtica
Unidade 1
Pronomes
Pronomes Pessoais
(I, me; she, her,)
Em ingls, os pronomes pessoais dividem-se em subject e object pronouns. Observe no quadro
abaixo as diferentes formas dos pronomes pessoais em ingls.
SUBJECT
Singular
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
OBJECT
I
You
He
She
It
Me
You
Him
Her
It
We
You
They
Us
You
Them
Pgina 44
Ingls
BNDES
Estes pronomes so usados quando nos referimos a pessoas e coisas. Eles so utilizados quando
no necessrio repetir um substantivo ou noun phrase.
Peter has broken his leg. He will be in hospital for 3 days.
Tell Priscilla that I miss her.
I dont want this dirty money. You can have it.
I never go to parties. I dont like them.
Os subject pronouns so usados na frase como sujeito e aparecem antes do verbo.
I know Suzy.
They really want to watch that movie.
He wants the key.
Os object pronouns funcionam como objeto nas oraes e aparecem depois do verbo e/ou aps
preposies.
Suzy knows me.
Linda never drinks milk. She doesnt like it.
I dont like dogs. Im afraid of them.
Who is that lady? Why are you looking at her.
Compare o uso dos pronomes nos exemplos abaixo.
I like dogs.
Dogs dont like me.
Pgina 45
Ingls
BNDES
ADJECTIVES
Singular
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
POSSESSIVES
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Our
Your
Their
Ours
Yours
Theirs
Pgina 46
Ingls
BNDES
by oneself
By myself/yourself etc. pode ter dois sentidos: alone, without company ou without help.
They often like to spend time by themselves.
Do you need any help? No, thanks. I can do it by myself.
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
1. Substitua as palavras entre parntesis por possessive pronouns.
a) Her house is bigger than (her house).
________________________________
b) Your watch is more expensive than (my watch).
________________________________________
c) Our exams are more difficult than (their exams).
________________________________________
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 47
Ingls
BNDES
Pgina 48
Ingls
BNDES
TESTES
1. Susan knows lesson well.
(A) hers
(B) its
(C) her
(D) mine
(E) she
2. I
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Pgina 49
Ingls
BNDES
7. Na frase A scorpion comes along and asks the toad to take him to the other side of the pond,
a palavra sublinhada se refere a
(A) scorpion
(B) pond
(C) toad
(D) along
(E) asks
8. Technology for young people today is new, . is exciting, and is the difference between
and he older generation.
(A) he he their
(B) it it they
(C) its its them
(D) she she they
(E) it it them
9. With Tel-net services a user could connect to another computer anywhere in the world and
use . as if were sitting on .. own desktop.
(A) he its
(B) it him
(C) he its
(D) it his
(E) him it
10. Doris hurt . on a piece of glass.
(A) herself
(B) itself
(C) sheself
(D) oneself
(E) herselfs
11. Every student should keep dictionary nearby for reference.
(A) it
(B) their
(C) his
(D) hers
(E) its
12. Is this Johns room? Yes, it is ..
(A) my.
(B) hers.
(C) they.
(D) him.
(E) his.
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 50
Ingls
BNDES
Unidade 2
VERBOS
Presente Simples
(I go, I dont go)
O presente simples formado pela forma infinitiva dos verbos menos a partcula to. Na terceira
pessoa do singular acrescentamos o -s nos verbos. Observe no quadro abaixo a sua conjugao
na forma afirmativa.
I DRIVE
YOU DRIVE
HE/SHE/IT
DRIVES
WE DRIVE
YOU DRIVE
THEY DRIVE
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 51
Ingls
BNDES
Nas formas negativas e interrogativas, usamos o verbo auxiliar do/does + verbo. Note que o
verbo principal permanece sempre no infinitivo.
I/WE/YOU/TH
EY
DONT
HE/SHE/IT
DOESNT
DO
DOES
I/WE/YOU/TH
EY
HE/SHE/IT
WORK
DO
DRIVE
WORK
DO
DRIVE
WORK?
DO?
DRIVE?
WORK?
DO?
DRIVE?
Falar de aes habituais que acontecem o tempo todo ou repetidamente. Nestes casos,
comum o uso de advrbios de freqncia ou locues adverbiais de freqncia como : always;
often;, usually; sometimes; seldom, never; every day; on Sundays; once a week; twice a week;
three times a week; etc.
I usually go to the beach on weekends.
Sheila plays tennis twice a week.
They never drink coffee.
I always take a bus to come to school
The new treatment for influenza doesnt appear to work.
The new science museum currently attracts 10,000 visitors a month.
Their school uniform consists of black trousers and a dark green jumper.
Verdades universais.
Instrues.
A: How do I get to the nearest bus stop?
B: You go straight on to the traffic lights, then you turn right
Prof. Rafael Dupont
Pgina 52
Ingls
BNDES
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2.
TESTES
1. Chose the best alternative to complete the sentences below.
Bad driving . many accidents.
Vegetarians eat meat.
Peter never .... beer.
The world cup ... every four years.
(A) cause doesnt drink take place
(B) causes dont doesnt drink takes place
(C) causes dont drinks takes place
(D) causes doesnt drinks take place.
(E) caused doesnt drinks taken place
2. Chose the best alternative to complete the sentences below.
That restaurant is very good. I it.
My parents .. in a huge apartment.
A catholic . in God.
(A) suggest lives believes
(B) recommend lives believe
(C) suggest live believe.
(D) recommend live believes
(E) recommend lives believes
Pgina 53
Ingls
BNDES
3. Once a week, from eight till nine oclock or later, Paul goes to Victors to watch television.
A ao descrita,
(A) acaba de acontecer.
(B) acontece regularmente.
(C) vinha acontecendo.
(D) aconteceu uma vez.
(E) aconteceu no passado.
4. She ________________ movies. She ______________ to the cinema five times a week.
(A) love - go
(B) hates - gos
(C) loves - goes
(D) loves - going
(E) hated go
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Passado Simples
(I played/I didnt play)
O simple past usado para falar de aes e acontecimentos no passado que j esto
encerrados. Os verbos so geralmente acompanhados de expresses temporais (advrbios) que
determinam quando tal ao aconteceu. Quando estas expresses no aparecem na frase, os
falantes sabem quando a ao do verbo ocorreu. As formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa
do passado simplest esto no quadro abaixo. Note que nas estruturas negativas e interrogativas,
utilizamos o verbo auxiliar did e colocamos o verbo principal no infinitivo.
AFFIRMATIVE
I worked
You worked
He/She/It
worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
NEGATIVE
Full form
Short form
I didnt work
You didnt work
He/she/it didnt
work
We didnt work
You didnt work
They didnt work
INTERROGATIV
E
Did I work?
Did you work?
Did
he/she/it
work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?
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Usos
Os usos mais comuns do simple past so os seguintes:
ATIVIDADES DA AULA
1. Leia o texto abaixo.
Charles Bukowski is a famous American writer. He was born in Andernach, Germany. His
father was an American soldier and he met his mother in Germany. His parents went to the
United States when he was three. He grew up in Los Angeles and lived there for fifty years. He
published his first story in 1944 when he was twenty-four and began writing poetry at the age of
thirty five. During his lifetime he published more than forty-five books of poetry and prose. He
died in San Pedro, California on March 9, 1994 at the age of seventy-three..
Adapted from: Women, ECCO.
Reescreva as frases abaixo de acordo com o texto.
a) Charles Bukowski was Born in America.
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TESTES
11. Chose the best alternative to complete the sentences below.
She that cap when she traveled to Europe.
John .. his job at 9:00 last night.
They both .... the movie last night.
Hes not home. He to the park one hour ago.
(A) buys leaves watched left
(B) bought left saw went
(C) bought left watched goes
(D) bought leaves saw went
(E) buys left saw went
12. Read what Suzy says about a typical day in her life:
Suzy: I usually get up at 8 oclock and have breakfast. I take a bus to work and I arrive at the
office at 9 oclock. I never have lunch. I finish work at 6 oclock and I generally go to the
University after it. I go to bed around 10 oclock every night.
Yesterday was a typical day for Suzy. Complete the sentences based on the information given.
She _________ up at 8 oclock. She ________ a bus to work. She _________ there at 9 a.m.
She _________ lunch. She __________ work at 6 p.m. and probably __________ to the
University after it. She _________ to bed around 10 p.m.
(A) got took arrived had finished went went
(B) gets took arrive has finished went went
(C) got took arrived has finished gone gone
(D) got taken arrived had finished gone gone
(E) got took arrived has finished went went
13. I was surprised because I .. to see him again.
(A) dont expect
(B) expects
(C) expecting
(D) was expect
(E) did not expect.
14. Assinale a alternativa em que todos os verbos esto no simple past.
(A) bought cut see sold
(B) said put ran sell
(C) drank ate slept read
(D) came meet saw sold
(E) won wrote has gave
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Presente Contnuo
(Im driving, Im not driving)
1. Formas
AFFIRMATIVA
I am working
you are working
etc
to be + -ing
NEGATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
Im not working
Am I working?
you arent working
Are you working?
etc
Etc
2. Usos
2a. temporary actions and situations that are going on around now: before, during and after
the moment of speaking.
Jill is waiting for you outside.
What are you doing? Im just looking at some porn magazines!
Im reading a very good book.
Hes working in Iraq at the moment.
2b. future
What are you doing Saturday night?
Im leaving the city tomorrow.
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Translation
a) Some friends of mine are building their own house.
_________________________________________________________________________
b) Is your English getting better?
_________________________________________________________________________
c) Aunt Mary was always turning up and bringing us presents.
_________________________________________________________________________
d) They are having lunch outside.
_________________________________________________________________________
e) John is looking for the book which he lost.
_________________________________________________________________________
f) They are laughing at what you said.
_________________________________________________________________________
Passado Contnuo
(I was driving, I wasnt driving)
1. Formas
AFFIRMATIVA
I was working
you were working
he/she/it
was
working
etc
NEGATIVA
I wasnt working
you werent working
he/she/it
wasnt
working
etc
INTERROGATIVA
was I working?
were you working?
was he/she/it/working?
Etc
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2. Usos
2a. say that something was in progress around a particular time in the past.
What were you doing at 9 oclock yesterday night? I was playing cards with John. I swear.
When I got up this morning it was raining.
2b. say that something was in progress at every moment during a period of time.
I was studying all day yesterday.
They were arguing the whole time they were together.
2c. two events happening simultaneously in the past.
They were walking on the street while the girls were watching them.
3. PAST CONTINUOUS X SIMPLE PAST
It is often common to use the simple past with the past continuous. The past continuous refers
to an action or situation which was being developed; the simple past refers to an action or event
that happened in the middle of the other action or that interrupted it..
As I was running down the road, I met Peter.
Somebody knocked at the door while I was having lunch.
The man was making his speech in front of the church. The crowds were cheering.
Photographers were jostling each other for the best positions. Suddenly the man fell and a girl
screamed
Translation
a) Two couples were playing cards when John accidentally dropped some cards on the floor.
b) When he bent down under the table to pick up the cards, he noticed that Bill's wife was
cheating!
______________________________________________________________________________
c) The accident happened while they were traveling to Mexico.
_________________________________________________________________________
d) When I got up this morning, the sun was shining brightly.
_________________________________________________________________________
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
X
X
B
X
X
C X
X
X
X
D
X
X X
X
E
A
B
C
D
E
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
X
X
X X X
X
X
X X
X
Unidade 3
VERBOS II CCerijidjfijvjdfijvnfjin,j fn fndvijfnivjnfijvnfijv;nijfnvi
Present Perfect
O present perfect formado com o verbo auxiliar have / has e um verbo no particpio (done,
seen, put). Observe no quadro abaixo a conjugao do verbo work no present perfect.
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I/we/you/they
have I/we/you/they
havent Have I/we/you/they
worked
worked
worked?
he/she/it has worked
he/s/he/it hasnt worked Has he/she/it worked?
O present perfect utilizado nas seguintes situaes:
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1. When we use the present perfect tense we are saying that a finished action or event is
connected with the present. When we say that something has happened we are thinking about
the present and the past at the same time.
What is Ted doing? He is looking for his key. He has lost it.
I cant go to the park with you because Ive broken my leg. (my leg is broken now)
Susan has had a baby.
Our cat has died.
3. The present perfect is also used to give the idea of completion or achievement.
3. The present perfect can be used when we are referring to a period of time continuing up to the
present.
Have you ever seen the movie Lethal Weapon?
Im sure weve met before.
Hes never apologized for anything in his life!
Has Bob come yet? Yes, and hes already started to make trouble.
Have you told the whole story to Peter No, I havent told him yet.
4. It is also correct to use the present perfect to say that something has happened several times
up to the present.
Ive been to Canada once/twice/three times.
Ive already written ten e-mails to Anna and she hasnt answered me yet.
How often have you been in love in your life?
5. It is common to use the present perfect to say how long a present situation has lasted.
Ive been a student since 1984.
Theyve studied hard for years.
How long have you been a teacher? Ive been a teacher for seven years.
NOTES
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TESTES
1. I
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
know now I shall never write a book better than the ones I
did write
have written
had write
have writing
wrote
2. Choose the alternative which presents all the verbs in the past participle.
(A) cut readed played put
(B) hung read put come
(C) cutted putted readed came
(D) read put come sang
(E) drank read come put
3. Mexico ... many difficult crisis in history, but now it its own Future.
(A) has faced is shaping
(B) faced was shaped
(C) have faced shapes
(D) have been facing shaped
(E) faces has been shaped
4. Choose the alternative which presents all the verbs in the past participle
(A) fed fought fall hurted taught
(B) won hurt hit let sat
(C) sat slept drunk grew - taught
(D) hurt led made set sang
(E) threw letted setted hurt fed
5. The word that could be placed between have and seen in the sentence I have seen that
play many times is
(A) never
(B) yet
(C) still
(D) ever
(E) already
6. O tempo verbal expresso por Shes learnt many new words
(A) present continuous.
(B) simple past.
(C) past continuous.
(D) present perfect.
(E) simple present.
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7. Among the magazines and newspapers that ... electronic recently .. Time, The
Los Angeles Times and Wired.
(A) have gone are
(B) have go will be
(C) have been going been
(D) had went were
(E) has gone are
8. A resposta certa para a pergunta Have we reached the point where we can no longer be sure
of the security information?
(A) Yes, we had.
(B) Yes, we have.
(C) Yes, we has.
(D) Yes, we did.
(E) Yes, we could.
9. My mother has not visited us since we .. the new house.
(A) had built
(B) built
(C) have built
(D) building
(E) having built
10. Escolha a melhor traduo para a frase Martha has gone crazy.
(A) Martha foi uma louca.
(B) Martha foi para a loucura.
(C) Martha enlouqueceu.
(D) Martha foi visitar uma louca.
(E) Martha louca.
11. He ................ home yet.
(A) hasnt arrived
(B) has arrived
(C) have arrived
(D) has arrive
(E) isnt arrived
12. Assinale a alternativa onde todos os verbos encontram-se no particpio passado.
(A) hurt lent founded fell
(B) hit hid costed grew
(C) hidden cut cost bet
(D) grown hit found knew
(E) hurted hit known - given
Prof. Rafael Dupont
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Past Perfect
O past perfect formado com o verbo auxiliar had e um verbo no particpio (done, seen, put).
Observe no quadro abaixo a conjugao do verbo work no present perfect.
AFFIRMATIVE
I had worked
you had worked
etc
NEGATIVE
I hadnt worked
you hadnt worked
etc
INTERROGATIVE
had I worked?
had you worked?
Etc
ATIVIDADES DE AULA
Complete the blanks in text below by using the verbs from the box. You may use each verb just
once and put them into the simple past tense or the past perfect tense.
BECOME
REALIZE
BE
BUY
BEGIN
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Paul Auster was born in Newark, New Jersey on 3 February 1947. He is a contemporary
American novelist of Jewish origin. His father, Samuel Auster, was a landlord, who owned
buildings with his brothers in Jersey City. His mother, Queenie Auster, was some 13 years younger
than her husband. The family was middle-class, the parents' marriage an unhappy one. Queenie
.., even before the end of the honeymoon, that the marriage
... a mistake, but her pregnancy made escape impossible.
Auster grew up in the Newark suburbs of South Orange and Maplewood. When he was 3
years old, a younger sister was born. When she was five, her psychological instability
.. apparent, and in later years she would be debilitated by mental breakdowns.
In 1959 his parents ... a large house in their town's most prestigious
neighborhood. It was here that Auster's uncle, the skilled translator Allen Mandelbaum, left
several boxes of books in storage while he traveled to Europe. The young Auster read the books
enthusiastically.
Instead of attending his high-school graduation, Auster headed for Europe. He visited Italy,
Spain, Paris, and Dublin. While he traveled he continued working on a novel he
.. some time before.
Futuro
Futuro Simples
O futuro simples (simple future) formado com os verbos modais/auxiliaries shall e will
acrescido de um verbo na forma infinitiva (do, play, see, put). Observe no quadro abaixo a
conjugao do verbo put no futuro simples.
shall / will + infinitive
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I will put
I will not put
Will I put?
you will put
you wont put
Will you put?
he/she/it will put
he/she/it wont put
Will he/she/it put?
etc
etc
Etc
O futuro simples comumente utilizado nas seguintes situaes:
1. Shall and will are used when we are simply giving information about the future, or predicting
future events which are not already decided.
Its too cold here. I will light the fire.
In 2050, people will be able to fly.
I shall probably be at Marys late at night
I think Manchester United will win.
Maybe Ill return later. I havent decided yet.
2. It can also be used for actions that we decide to do NOW, at the moment of speaking.
Considering these five options I think Ill take the red one.
I like this red coat. Ill buy it.
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Be Going To
Tambm possvel referir-se ao futuro usando a seguinte estrutura: to be + going to + forma
infinitiva do verbo. No quadro abaixo, observe a conjugao do verbo leave com o going to.
be + going to + infinitive
AFFIRMATIVE
Im going to work
youre going to work
he/she/it is going to
work
etc
NEGATIVE
Im not going to work
youre not going to
work
he/she/it isnt going to
work
etc
INTERROGATIVE
Am I going to work?
Are you going to
work?
Is he/she/it going to
work?
Etc
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... them if we
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21. Wed a very good time at the pic nic before Kevin us with his spoiled
children.
(A) have join
(B) had - joins
(C) has - joined
(D) had joined
(E) have will join
22. Mr. Smith . to China to work. Last week, I his partner and he ..
me that he is going there too . There are rumors that Mr. Smith is becoming rich.
(A) went met told
(B) goes met told
(C) went meets tells
(D) has gone met - tell
(E) has gone met - told
23. I first .. Music of Chance when I was in high school. I it several times
since then. I ............... it again pretty soon. I love that book.
(A) read has read am reading
(B) read have read will read
(C) have read have read will read
(D) read read read
(E) have read read will read
24. When the bell . all the students from their seats and .. towards the
streets.
(A) rang jumped ran
(B) has rang jumped run
(C) rings jumps has ran
(D) rang has jumped run
(E) rings had jumped runs
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41.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
BNDES
42. When I got to the station I realized that I the front door opened.
(A) leave
(B) had left
(C) has left
(D) left
(E) leaves
43. If I ..................... enough money, I would have flown to Florida.
(A) had had
(B) has
(C) have
(D) had
(E) will have
44. If I your message, I would have come at once.
(A) receives
(B) had received
(C) have received
(D) received
(E) receive
45. We would have gone to the beach if the weather . nice yesterday.
(A) were
(B) was
(C) had been
(D) is
(E) are
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Gabarito Unidade 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A X
X
X
X
X
B
X
X
X X
X
X
C
X
X
X
X X
D
X
X
X X
E
X
X
A
B
C
D
E
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
A
B
C
D
E
41 42 43 44 45
X
X
X
X
X
Unidade 4
Verbos modais
Os verbos can, could, should, may, etc so chamados verbos modais auxiliares. Eles sempre
aparecem antes de outros verbos no infinitivo e adicionam diferentes significados como certeza,
obrigao, etc. Suas principais caractersticas so as seguintes:
a) no levam -s na terceira pessoa do singular. So invariveis.
He may know our address.
b) no necessitam verbo auxiliar em frases negativas e interrogatives.
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The past form is must have (done) and cant have done.
The phone rang but I didnt hear it. I must have been out.
Lucy didnt look at me yesterday. She cant have seen me.
Must and have to: obligation and necessity
When we know that it is necessary to do something we use must and have to.
I havent seen Ann for ages. I must pay her a visit.
Gina cant come with us this evening. She has to work.
Bill is such a nice guy. You must meet him.
You cant turn left here. You have to turn right.
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For the past we use may have (done) or might have (done)
Mary didnt come to the party last night. She might have been sick.
Wheres my wallet? I may have left at Paulas house.
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Offering to do things.
Can I help you?
Can I get you some medicine?
Requests.
Can you give me a hand, please?
Could you open the door, please?
John, would you do me a favor?
Will you please be quiet? Im trying to concentrate.
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2. Relacione as colunas.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SHOULD
MAY
MIGHT
WOULD
COULD
MUST
MUST NOT
CAN
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
TESTES
1. A
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
frase excessive government spending may be the most important nos d a idia de
possibilidade.
certeza.
dvida.
necessidade.
obrigao.
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4. A
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
BNDES
frase I cant speak French pode ser substituda, conservando o mesmo sentido, por
I mustnt speak French.
I am not able to speak French.
I ought not to speak French.
I may not speak French.
I shall not speak French.
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10. I .. a lazy student, but now I know I was just wasting my time.
(A) was used to be
(B) used to being
(C) used to be
(D) am used to be
(E) use to
11. She . in the park every day when she was younger.
(A) used to walk
(B) was walking
(C) has been walking
(D) walks
(E) has walked
12. Shes used to on the left because he lived in Britain.
(A) drive
(B) driven
(C) drove
(D) driving
(E) drives
13. . you open the door, please?
(A) Can
(B) Might
(C) Must
(D) Would
(E) A e D esto corretas.
14. Theyre used to .. hard at weekends.
(A) study
(B) working
(C) plays
(D) traveling
(E) got
15. I . find my book. I ...................... it on the bus.
(A) may not might buy
(B) will will left
(C) can't must have left
(D) cant shall left
(E) may have must have left
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A
B
C
D
E
1
X
6
X
X
X
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
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Unidade 5
Linking Words
What Are Linking words?
They are words that link other words, phrases, or
clauses.
linking word
because
They not only join clauses. They also show how the meanings of the two clauses are related.
He was pure but he was honest. (contrast)
The boys brought the food and the girls supplied the drink. (addition)
Ill phone you when I arrive. (time)
We can go to the beach or wee can stay here. (alternative).
Lets have a look at a list of Linking words according to their meanings.
Time
As, when and while are used to refer to one action taking place at the same time as another.
When my alarm rings at 6 a.m. I immediately get up.
While you were out, John rang.
As I was looking out of the window, they arrived.
The play started as I got there.
All the jurys eyes were on him as he continued speaking.
Paul had a heart attack while he was driving.
After, as soon as, before and when are used to refer to an action taking place immediately after
another.
As soon as I saw him on TV, I changed channel.
After I left high-school, I went abroad.
The customer left the store before I could give him an explanation.
When I finished doing the homework, I went out.
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Contrast
Although, though and even though are used before a subject and a verb to opposing or
contrasting statements.
Although he is a good writer, hes never published a book.
Although the shooting has stopped for now, the destruction left behind is enormous.
Even though theres a speed limit, drivers rarely respect it.
Even though we played well, we lost the game.
Though George studied hard last week, he didnt manage to pass the exam.
George studied hard. He didnt manage to pass his exam though.
Despite or in spite of are also used to opposing or contrasting statements, but they always come
before nouns, pronouns or gerunds.
Despite the traffic, we managed to reach the theatre on time.
In spite of the weather, we decided to go out anyway.
Despite his shyness, he invited Sally to go out.
Im not hungry, in spite of not eating all day.
Mary didnt call, in spite of being late.
NOTE
Notwithstanding can be used with the same meaning as in spite of.
Notwithstanding a decline in numbers, the company has had a good year.
The contract is invalid, notwithstanding the goods have been delivered.
While and whereas are used to refer to contrast between two statements.
It was raining in the city, while the weather was lovely in the country.
John loves to eat vegetables, while Linda hates it.
We can never agree on what film to watch. You like comedies, whereas I prefer thrillers.
My old flat was very old, whereas my new one is brand new.
But, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet and notwithstanding are used to give an idea of
contrast between clauses, sentences and words.
He not only wants to be taken seriously as a musician, but as a poet too.
Im sorry, but I have to tell you something.
Sally said she would never meet Paul again. However, the next morning, she called him.
Most marriages fail after eight years. Nevertheless, people continue to get married.
There was still a long way to go. Nonetheless, a huge progress had been made.
It was a simple yet beautiful dress.
I couldnt remember meeting him before, yet his face seemed familiar.
Cause and Effect
Thus, hence, so, consequently, therefore and then are used to refer to the result of something.
Some people are more capable and thus better paid than others.
The Minister had to attend an urgent call. Hence, he had to cancel other appointments.
Paul has exams all next week, so he cant go out in the mornings.
Prof. Rafael Dupont
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Since, because, because of, as and for are used to refer to reasons for doing something.
Since I have nothing else to say, I shall leave now.
There are no workers in that company because of the strike.
As it was raining, I took an umbrella.
Since the president is abroad, the vice-president is taking his place.
We listened to him with attention, for he was bringing important news.
The expression due to is also used to give an idea of cause (= because of).
Peter is absent due to his illness.
The teams success was largely due to Johns efforts.
Due to your help, I will survive.
Condition
The words if, whether, unless, otherwise and the expressions as long as and provided that are
used in sentences to give an idea of condition.
I dont know whether Ill be able to come.
Well be told tomorrow whether we are needed or not.
Ill only stay if you offer me more money.
Youll fail your exams unless you work harder.
Unless something unexpected happens, Ill see you tomorrow.
I had no problem, otherwise I would have telephoned you.
As long as it doesnt rain well play outside.
Ill agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.
Provided you have the money in your account, you may withdraw up to $ 1,000 a day.
Addition
Besides (that), furthermore, moreover, in addition to and beyond (that) are used to add
information.
There will be five of us for dinner, besides the children.
They knew the painting was a forgery. Moreover, they knew who painted it.
In addition to these arrangements, thirty ambulances will be on duty till midnight.
We shall not go inside. Furthermore, the boss claims that any interference will be useless.
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TESTS
1. A expresso furthermore pode introduzir uma idia de
(A) resultado.
(B) conseqncia.
(C) condio.
(D) oposio.
(E) acrscimo.
2. Na frase Yet both species continue to be hunted, a melhor traduo para a palavra yet
(A) tambm.
(B) apesar de.
(C) j.
(D) devido a.
(E) contudo.
3. Em despite official bans on the trade, a palavra sublinhada pode ser traduzida por
(A) despeito.
(B) desrespeitar.
(C) despistar.
(D) com respeito a.
(E) a despeito de.
4. A palavra therefore pode ser substituda por
(A) Moreover.
(B) consequently.
(C) however.
(D) although.
(E) nevertheless.
5. A expresso even though pode ser traduzida por
(A) Embora.
(B) mas tambm.
(C) portanto.
(D) mesmo assim.
(E) a no ser que.
6. A expresso in order to introduz uma idia de
(A) comparao.
(B) resultado.
(C) seqncia.
(D) conseqncia.
(E) finalidade.
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Ingls
BNDES
7. .......... its stimulating effect on the central nervous system, coffee is a popular drink.
(A) Although
(B) Thus
(C) However
(D) Nevertheless
(E) Despite
8. I cant travel this weekend my parents are sick.
(A) but
(B) why
(C) until
(D) however
(E) because
9. A expresso que completa corretamente a frase
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BNDES
13. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. .., he had not even
contacted her.
(A) although
(B) furthermore
(C) in spite of
(D) however
(E) if
14. these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
(A) in addition to
(B) thus
(C) however
(D) but
(E) even though
15. We thought the figures were correct. ., we have now discovered some errors.
(A) hence
(B) so
(C) if
(D) however
(E) consequently
16. the guitar was expensive, he decided to buy it.
(A) If
(B) Due to
(C) Although
(D) Despite
(E) Because
GABARITO Unidade 5
1
A
X
B
C
D
E X X X
5 6
X
X X
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
X
X
X
X
X X
X
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