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Troubleshooting
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830
Fax: (86) 755 26772236
URL: http://support.zte.com.cn
E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn
Contents
Chapter 1.................................................................1
Maintenance Overview..............................................1
Maintenance Description...................................................1
Maintenance Requirements.....................................................1
Maintenance Principles......................................................1
Right Management................................................................1
Data Observation..................................................................2
Data Modification..................................................................3
Data Synchronization.............................................................3
Man-machine Commands.......................................................3
Board Operations..................................................................4
Update................................................................................4
Maintenance Classification.................................................5
Analysis Methods.............................................................5
Indicator Status Analysis........................................................5
Signaling Tracing Analysis.......................................................6
Alarm Logs Analysis...............................................................6
Replacement Analysis............................................................8
Precautions.....................................................................9
Personnel Qualifications.........................................................9
Maintenance Management....................................................10
Data Maintenance................................................................10
Equipment Room Environment...............................................10
Tools and Instruments/Meters...............................................11
Spare Materials and Parts.....................................................11
Technical Documents............................................................11
Technical Support................................................................11
Chapter 2................................................................13
Routine Maintenance...............................................13
Overview.......................................................................13
Daily Routine Maintenance Items......................................14
Weekly Routine Maintenance Items...................................14
Monthly Routine Maintenance Items..................................15
Semiannual Routine Maintenance Items............................16
Other Recommended Maintenance Items...........................17
Chapter 3................................................................21
Notification and Handling.........................................21
Notification Messages......................................................21
Board Notification...........................................................21
SSCOP Error.......................................................................21
ALCAP Link Error.................................................................21
AAL5_MAC Error..................................................................22
RS232 Serial Port Error........................................................22
STM-1 B1 Error Code...........................................................22
STM-1 B2 Error Code...........................................................23
STM-1 Remote B2 Error Code Indication.................................23
Examples of Other Maintenance Items STM-1 B3 Error Code......23
STM-1 B3 Remote Error Code Indication.................................24
STM-1 Multiplex Section Remote Defect Indication (MSRDI).......24
STM-1 Higher-order Path Defect Indication (HPRDI).................24
STM-1 Higher-order Path Lady Type Mismatching (HPPLM).........25
Loss of STM-1 Cell Delimitation (LCD).....................................25
STM-1 Received Cell with CRC Error.......................................25
E1 Link HDB3 Coding Violation..............................................25
E1 Link Slip........................................................................26
Too-Heavy ATM Traffic..........................................................26
Chapter 4................................................................27
Alarm and Handling.................................................27
Alarm Messages.............................................................27
CCS Alarms...................................................................28
SSCOP Signaling Link Disconnected........................................28
Clock Reference Source Lost.................................................29
Clock Module Error..............................................................29
Board Communication Link Disconnected................................30
Active/Standby Synchronization Failure...................................30
RBI Alarms....................................................................35
Clock Module Alarm.............................................................35
Downlink LVDS Link Error.....................................................35
Uplink LVDS Link Error.........................................................36
Software Operation Failure....................................................36
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................36
CPU Overload Alarm.............................................................37
Remote Clock Reference Alarm..............................................37
Board Hardware Error..........................................................37
Optical Module Not-in-position...............................................38
Optical Module Receiving Failure............................................38
IIA Alarms.....................................................................39
Loss Of Signal (LOS) of STM-1...............................................39
Loss Of Frame (LOF) of STM-1...............................................39
Multiplex Section Alarm Indication of STM-1 (MSAIS)................39
Loss Of Pointer (LOP) of STM-1 AU4.......................................40
Loss Of Electrical Signal (LOS) of E1 Link................................40
Loss Of Frame (LOF) Synchronization of E1 Link.......................41
Loss of Cell Delimitation (LCD) of E1 Link................................41
Loss of IMA Frame (LIF) of E1 Link.........................................41
E1 IMA Group in Non-Working Status.....................................42
PVC Error...........................................................................42
Transmission Clock Abnormal................................................43
Software Operation Failure....................................................43
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................43
Configuring IMA Group Failure...............................................44
Configuring STM-1 Port Failure..............................................44
TAC Alarms....................................................................46
Software Operation Failure....................................................46
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................46
Board Hardware Local Channel Error......................................47
Board Hardware Error..........................................................47
EMU Alarms...................................................................47
Ambient Temperature Abnormal.............................................47
Whole Equipment Temperature Rise Alarm..............................48
Clock Reference Source Loss.................................................48
Rack Power Abnormal...........................................................49
Board Communication Link Disconnected................................49
Software Operation Failure....................................................50
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................50
Fan Alarm...........................................................................50
Temperature Sensor Not-in-position.......................................51
Father Node External Equipment Error....................................51
CPU Overload Alarm.............................................................52
Board Hardware Error..........................................................52
TRXU Alarms..................................................................52
Clock Module Error..............................................................52
Downlink LVDS Link Error.....................................................53
Software Operation Failure....................................................53
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................54
CPU Overload Alarm.............................................................54
Board Hardware Local Channel Error......................................54
Board Hardware Error..........................................................54
BP Alarms......................................................................55
Clock Module Error..............................................................55
Uplink LVDS Link Error.........................................................55
Uplink Path Operation Abnormal............................................56
Downlink Path Operation Abnormal........................................56
Software Operation Failure....................................................56
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................57
CPU Overload Alarm.............................................................57
RDM Alarms...................................................................58
Clock Module Error..............................................................58
Antenna VSWR Exceeding 3.0...............................................58
Antenna VSWR Exceeding 1.8...............................................59
Calibration Interface Over-power Alarm..................................59
Software Operation Failure....................................................60
Board Configuration Parameter Error......................................60
CPU Overload Alarm.............................................................60
Board Hardware Error..........................................................60
LPA30 Alarms.................................................................61
Board Hardware Error..........................................................61
Link Disconnected between LPA30 and EMC.............................61
Over-power Alarm...............................................................61
Over-VSWR Alarm: VSWR2.8..............................................62
Over-Temperature Alarm......................................................62
Over-Current Alarm.............................................................63
LPA30 VSWR Alarm, 2.8>VSWR1.8.....................................63
Chapter 5................................................................65
Troubleshooting Examples.......................................65
Overview.......................................................................65
System Monitoring..........................................................66
High CPU Utilization.............................................................66
Decreased Radius of BTS Coverage........................................67
User Complaints.............................................................67
Difficult Call Connection........................................................67
Poor Call Quality..................................................................69
Slow to Access Internet........................................................70
Chapter 6................................................................73
Emergent Fault Handling..........................................73
Definition of Emergency Fault...........................................73
Handling........................................................................73
On-site Handling Procedure.............................................74
Sudden System Breakdown...................................................75
Transmission Disconnected...................................................75
Chapter 7................................................................77
Terms.....................................................................77
Appendix A.............................................................79
Abbreviations..........................................................79
Chapter
Maintenance Overview
This chapter introduces common maintenance types,
maintenance principles and analysis methods and provides
precautions for routine maintenance.
Maintenance Description
Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance personnel must receive systematic training to be
qualified in system maintenance, master fundamentals of ZXWR
B09, and know overall structure and functions of each board, in
addition to some knowledge about network optimization and
network maintenance.
Maintenance Principles
This section introduces what maintenance personnel must pay
attention to in ZXWR B09 maintenance. Any operation against
following principles may have a negative impact on system
operation.
Right Management
Assign personnel-specific usernames and passwords for system
login, operation and maintenance, to restrict operation rights of
maintenance individuals and find operation history through
system logs in case of system malfunction.
different groups of
rights. Operation and
into four levels, root
and ordinary user in
Data Observation
Caution
Caution
Data Modification
Caution
Caution
Data Synchronization
Caution
Caution
Man-machine Commands
Caution
Board Operations
Caution
Caution:
Update
Caution
Maintenance Classification
Maintenance falls into routine maintenance, notification message
handling, alarm message handling and troubleshooting, by
contents.
1. Routine maintenance
Routine maintenance refers to checking equipment running
status periodically. It is to find out and handle problems in
time to prevent potential damage or fault.
2. Notification message handling
Notification message handling is to analyze all kinds of
notifications during running of the system, to judge whether
anything is abnormal and to take appropriate measures.
3. Alarm message handling
Alarm message handling is to analyze different alarm
messages during running of the equipment, to judge
equipment running condition and to take appropriate
measures.
4. Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is to analyze, handle and remove detected
faults.
Analysis Methods
Common maintenance analysis methods:
Comparison by replacement
Others
F I G U R E 1 A P P L I C AT I O N O F S I G N A L L I N G M E T E R AT R N S
90%
100%
Node B
RNC
10
0
Optical splitter
%
90
1
RNC
Node B
10%
10%
Signaling meter
Laptop computer
Replacement Analysis
Replace a board module or possibly a faulty connection cable
with a normal board module or connection cable of same type,
and observe whether the fault is recovered after the
replacement.
Use the following replacement analysis methods to rectify faulty
boards or a subsystem.
Active/Standby Switchover
This method applies to active and standby boards configured on
the ZXWR B09 rack, such as CCS.
Operate on background man-machine interface or press
active/standby switchover key on front panel of the board to
reset the board and to trigger active/standby switchover
function.
Perform a switchover again when traffic is light and observe
whether system is normal if the system recovers after
active/standby switchover. Circuit or interface of currently active
board may fail if system is not normal. Replace it and perform
further tests.
Slot Exchange
This method applies to BP and TRXU. There is need to configure
multiple BPs and TRUXs on the ZXWR B09 rack.
Board Replacement
This method applies to EMU and TRXU configured for single
carrier and single fan. Directly replace a possibly faulty board
with a new board verified as normal.
Cable Replacement
Cables that easily fail include TRXU RF cable, IIA port fiber/E1
line and rack fan connection line. Specific method:
1. Connect RF cable of the TRXU, parts of which are possibly
faulty, to DDL of another normal cell, and check status of the
cell. TRXU and related parts are normal if the cell is still
normal. Otherwise, replace them.
2. Remove connected optical fiber and check it through selfloop if an optical interface of IIA is blocked. This optical
interface is faulty if self-check is abnormal. Connect the fiber
to another available optical interface of IIA and reconfigure
the data. Replace the optical fiber or check peer equipment if
the other optical interface is found normal in self-loop test.
Caution
Precautions
Personnel Qualifications
Maintenance personnel must receive pre-service training to learn
necessary knowledge about the equipment and related network,
and they must follow instructions given in related manuals of the
ZXWR B09 to conduct maintenance.
Maintenance personnel must have earnest attitudes and high
competence.
Maintenance Management
Make a complete set of equipment room maintenance
regulations to standardize daily work of the maintenance
personnel. Forbid non-maintenance management personnel to
perform any maintenance operation.
Make a detailed on-duty log to provide detailed records about
system running, version status, data change, upgrade and
problem handling for easy analysis and troubleshooting once any
fault occurs.
Make a work shift record to clearly define responsibilities.
Do not play games or access the Internet through computer
terminal. Do not install, run and copy any other software not
related to the system at the terminal. Do not use the computer
terminal for other purposes.
Set NM passwords by level. Put them under strict management
and change them periodically so that they are only accessible to
maintenance personnel.
Data Maintenance
Do not reset the equipment, load or change any data unless
absolutely necessary. Do not change background database at
will.
Backup the data before making any changes. Do not delete
backup data after changing data until observation period
(usually one week) expires and be sure that the equipment is
running normally.
10
tools,
instruments
and
meters
must
be
Technical Documents
Store maintenance-related application software and technical
documents by category at a specified location for easy access
when necessary.
Technical Support
Handle faults immediately when they occur. Contact local office
of ZTE Corporation for any faults you cannot solve.
Display contact information of local office of ZTE at a
conspicuous location in the equipment room. Make it known to
all maintenance management personnel, and update it regularly.
11
Chapter
Routine Maintenance
This chapter introduces basic contents for routine maintenance
of the ZXWR B09 and lists daily, weekly, monthly and
semiannual routine maintenance items.
Overview
Routine maintenance refers to periodic preventive maintenance
and check on the equipment so that the equipment can run in a
stable state for long. Routine maintenance includes:
1. Periodic maintenance check: Make routine check and test the
BTS equipment running, required functions, important
performance indices and hardware in compliance with
prescribed operation steps and methods through various
designated background operations or with necessary
instruments and meters on regular and scheduled basis.
2. Periodic check: Check hardware parts of BTS equipment and
its attached equipment one by one. Adjust, correct or replace
any defective part promptly to ensure equipment hardware is
in good condition. Regularly maintain and clean components
with high dust-proof requirements. Clean important
components of other peripherals regularly for normal
running.
Caution
13
Item
Alarms and
notifications
check
Troubleshooti
ng
Remar
ks
Sub-item
Contents
Alarm
message
handling
Notification
message
handling
Analyze notification
messages that frequently
occur and it is acceptable
to ignore common ones
Troubleshooti
ng
Handle faults
reflected by
the users
Item
NM
Sub-item
Contents
Remarks
Data backup
Backup configuration
data for OMCB NMS
Perform system
backup at lowtraffic
Disk capacity
check
Update
operating
system
immediately
when there is a
key update for it
14
Monthly Routine
Maintenance Items
Table 3 shows monthly routine maintenance items of ZXWR B09.
T AB L E 3 M O NT H LY R O U T I N E M AI N T E N A N C E I T E M S
Item
Sub-item
Radio
parameters
Engineering
parameters
Hardware
check
Contents
Remarks
Update
parameters
according to
project
situation. Save
parameters for
at least two
years
Software
check
NM
Checking whether
NMS process is
normal
Check whether
database system is
running normally
Data backup
Complete backup
log files
Complete backup
data files
Clean the
equipment rack
Clean the air filter
BTS
equipment
Check BTS
equipment
and its
accessories
15
Item
Equipment
room
environment
Spare
materials
and parts
Sub-item
Contents
Temperature
and humidity
Remarks
Check temperature
in the equipment
room
Check humidity in
the equipment
room
Check spare parts
for boards
Spare parts
check
Semiannual Routine
Maintenance Items
Table 4 shows semiannual routine maintenance items of the
ZXWR B09.
TABLE 4 SEMIANNUAL ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ITEMS
Item
Sub-item
Contents
Remarks
Lightning
grounding
Check grounding
trunk line of BTS
Check lightning
grounding of the
building
Check uprightness
and height of the
tower
Check all types of
bolts
Check anticorrosion
and rustproof
measures
Pole
16
Check installation of
Item
Sub-item
Contents
Remarks
fixing parts
Check stress on the
pole, pull wire of pull
wire tower and
ground anchor
Check anticorrosion
and rustproof
measures
Check uprightness of
the pole
Check antenna
installation
parameters
Antenna
Feeder
Other Recommended
Maintenance Items
Daily Routine Maintenance Items and Semiannual Routine
Maintenance Items list maintenance items closely related to the
ZXWR B09. There are still other maintenance items that affect
the running of the network in daily operations. Refer to Table 5
for examples and recommended maintenance periods.
TABLE 5 EXAMPLES OF OTHER MAINTENANCE ITEMS
Item
Sub-item
Contents
Recommended
Period
BTS
equipment
Standing
wave ratio
test
Semiannual
Equipment
Cleanness
Monthly
17
Item
Sub-item
Contents
Recommended
Period
doors, windows,
cabinets and other
parts
room
environment
Lighting
Check routine
lighting and
emergency lighting
facilities
Sockets
Check whether AC
sockets are
complete and in
good condition
Check to find out
hidden safety
troubles
Safety
Check fire-control
facilities
Check protection
measures for the
equipment
Devices
in
the
equipment
room
Clean outdoor
machine
Clean the air filter
Air
conditioner
Semiannual
Check drainages of
air conditioners
Measure input
voltage and current
Check running
status of each type
of sensor
Environment
monitoring
system
Monthly
Low-voltage
power
distribution
and switch
power
supply
Check whether
switch and
connector are in
good condition
Check whether
signal indicator and
alarm are normal
Clean power
distribution device
Check AC feeder
and connection
18
Monthly
Item
Sub-item
Contents
Recommended
Period
parts
Measure
temperature rise of
the fuser
Clean batteries
Measure voltage of
a single battery
Measure end
voltage of each
battery and ambient
temperature
Check whether
there is any liquid
leakage
Battery
Check whether
contact of leading
wire and terminal
are well and
whether there is
erosion
Quarterly
Check whether
connection pieces
between batteries
are tight
Diesel
generator
Capacity discharging
test
Yearly
Charge startup
battery, and add
distilled water when
necessary
Semimonthly
Clean the
equipment
Check startup,
cooling, lubricating
and fuel systems
Monthly
19
Chapter
Notification Messages
When any unrepeatable or transient abnormality occurs during
the running of ZXWR B09, the system reports in the form of
notification. Maintenance management personnel learn running
status of each part of Node B from notification message.
Board Notification
SSCOP Error
Item
Contents
Description
SSCOP error
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
21
Item
Contents
Alarm type
Cause
AAL5_MAC Error
Item
Contents
Description
AAL5_MAC error
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. GPS RS232 serial port receiving frame CRC
error;
2. GPS RS232 serial port sending data error;
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
22
Item
Contents
high.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
23
Item
Contents
high.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
24
Item
Contents
Description
STM-1 Higher-order
(HPRDI)
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Path
Defect
Indication
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
25
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
E1 Link Slip
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
26
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarm notification
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Chapter
Alarm Messages
Any problem or fault that occurs during running of the ZXWR
B09 is reported in form of an alarm message.
Usually, alarm messages last some time and do not disappear
until corresponding problems or faults disappear.
Alarm messages fall into four levels, level 1: Critical, level 2:
Major, level 3: Minor and level 4: Alarming.
1. Critical alarm
It is an alarm for board failure.
For example: related resources of a board are blocked,
functions of the system are fatally affected, and maintenance
and management personnel need to replace the board or
perform other troubleshooting procedures to clear the fault.
2. Major alarm
It is an alarm for a serious fault, and it will last for some
time.
Functions of the system are seriously affected, with signs of
services being affected. For example, QoS of a type of
equipment severely degrades, and maintenance and
management personnel need to perform emergency repair to
eliminate the fault.
3. Minor alarm
It is an alarm for a minor fault.
Functions of the system are slightly affected, indicating
existence of factors that do not affect normal services. It is
27
CCS Alarms
Note
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
28
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarming alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. IIA1 clock reference source lost;
2. IIA2 clock reference source lost;
Cause
Handling
3. Replace GPS.
If it is 8 kHz clock reference source lost:
1. Check whether connection between EMU and
CCS is normal;
2. Check the external clock.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. 61.44 M clock alarm;
Cause
2. 10 M clock alarm;
3. FR alarm;
4. FN alarm.
1. Check whether system clock signal are
abnormal;
Handling
29
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Active/Standby Synchronization
Failure
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
30
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. Board is configured but not plugged;
Cause
Handling
31
Item
Contents
4. Re-start the board.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
2. Reset;
3. Replace the board with alarms.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
1. Harddisk error;
2. Harddisk is full.
Replace the board.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
32
Item
Contents
delete it and reset the board and the switching.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. The board on the left RBI slot is configured
error;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarming alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
33
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
34
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
RBI Alarms
Clock Module Alarm
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. System clock signal is abnormal;
2. Connection between board and backplane is
abnormal;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. LVDS transmitting module of upstream board is
abnormal;
Cause
Handling
35
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. LVDS transmitting module of corresponding
TRXU is abnormal;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
36
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Item
Contents
2. Replace the board.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. System clock signals are abnormal;
2. Connection between
backplane is abnormal;
Cause
the
board
and
the
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
37
Item
Contents
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. The corresponding RF remote is abnormal;
2. Fibers on corresponding optical interface are
abnormal;
Cause
Handling
38
IIA Alarms
Loss Of Signal (LOS) of STM-1
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
39
Item
Contents
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
40
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. The clock is out of synchronization;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
41
Item
Contents
inconsistent;
2. The clock is out of synchronization.
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
PVC Error
42
Item
Contents
Description
PVC error
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Item
Contents
opposite equipment. If the alarm still exists,
replace the board.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
43
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Parameter error
1. Confirm that parameter configurations are
correct;
Handling
44
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. Parameter error;
Cause
2. Hardware error.
1. Confirm that parameter configurations are
correct;
2. Delete this PVC and configure again;
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
45
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
TAC Alarms
Software Operation Failure
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
46
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
EMU Alarms
Ambient Temperature Abnormal
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Ambient alarm
Cause
Handling
47
Item
Contents
4. Replace the temperature sensor;
5. Replace the EMU.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Ambient alarm
Temperature difference at EMU intake and outtake
detected by EMU is over 15 C. Possible causes
are:
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarming alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
48
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. 48 V over-voltage (over 57 V 1 V);
2. 48 V under-voltage (below 40 V 1 V);
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
49
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Fan Alarm
Item
Contents
Description
Fan alarm
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. Cable error;
Cause
2. Fan error;
3. EMU error.
1. Check whether there are alarms on the whole
layer of fans. If so, check cables of EMU and fans;
Handling
50
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Minor alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. Cables between EMU and fan layer is error;
2. Temperature sensor connection is error;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Alarming alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. External equipment error;
Cause
Handling
51
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
TRXU Alarms
Clock Module Error
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. 61.44 M clock alarm;
Cause
2. 10 M clock alarm;
3. FR alarm;
4. FN alarm.
Handling
52
Item
Contents
board and the back plane is normal;
4. Check whether the board time receiving module
is normal.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. Upstream board LVDS transmitting module is
abnormal;
2. LVDS link of corresponding backplane is
abnormal;
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
53
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
54
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Item
Contents
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
BP Alarms
Clock Module Error
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. 61.44 M clock alarm;
2. 10 M clock alarm;
Cause
3. FR alarm;
4. FN alarm.
1. Check whether system clock signals are
normal;
2. Check whether there are clock signal input on
the board;
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. LVDS link of corresponding backplane is
abnormal;
Cause
Handling
55
Item
Contents
2. Reset the RBI;
3. Reset the corresponding TRXU;
4. Replace the RBI;
5. Replace the corresponding TRXU.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
56
Item
Contents
3. Replace the board.
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
57
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
RDM Alarms
Clock Module Error
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
1. 61.44 M clock alarm;
Cause
2. 10 M clock alarm;
3. FR alarm;
4. FN alarm.
1. Check whether system clock signals are
normal;
Handling
58
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Item
Contents
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
59
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
60
Item
Contents
Description
Item
Contents
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
LPA30 Alarms
Board Hardware Error
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Communication alarm
1. Communication cable is error;
Cause
2. LPA30 fails.
1. Unplug and plug the LPA30;
Handling
Over-power Alarm
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
61
Item
Contents
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Over-Temperature Alarm
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
62
Item
Contents
4. Replace the LPA30.
Over-Current Alarm
Item
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Critical alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
Contents
Description
Alarm level
Major alarm
Alarm type
Equipment alarm
Cause
Handling
63
Chapter
Troubleshooting
Examples
This chapter introduces some common problems during routine
operation and maintenance of the ZXWR B09, and presents
symptoms, possible causes and solutions.
Overview
Table 6 shows possible problems during routine maintenance of
the ZXWR B09.
TABLE 6 COMMON PROBLEMS IN ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
Classification
System
monitoring
User
complaint
Problem
Remarks
Decreased cell
radius of BTS
coverage
Difficult call
connection
Slow to access
Internet
65
System Monitoring
High CPU Utilization
Symptoms and Effects
Alarm man-machine interface of operation and maintenance
console has a CPU utilization alarm reported, or CPU utilization
exceeds normal value for a long time when monitoring CPU
utilization at performance management man-machine interface.
High CPU utilization is of great concern. Processing capability of
the system decreases if CPU of CCS is at a high utilization for a
long time. It results in sharp rise of call loss and may cause
memory exhaustion or system breakdown.
Causes
Rise of CPU utilization of a board (particularly CCS board) may
result from:
1. The system is busy currently, for example, high traffic.
2. Too many measurement tasks are set, and there are more
measurement report messages.
3. The system has a local emergency fault, causing a large
number of alarm messages reported
Handling
Analyze the cause and take appropriate measures in case of high
CPU utilization ratio for a long time.
1. Locate the fault and isolate it by blocking failed board and
parts or using other methods if there is a large amount of
burst alarm reports.
2. Adjust measurement strategy properly if there are too many
measurement message reported, for example, cancel some
less important measurement tasks or change the period
when performing measurement tasks.
66
Causes
1. Some radio parameters are set improperly, particularly pilot
channel transmitting power and forward transmitting power,
which affects actual coverage of BTS.
2. Surrounding landform and geographical feature changes, for
example, urban construction, also affect actual coverage.
3. Interference in space electromagnetic environment causes
pilot pollution.
4. Antenna feeder system gets faulty.
Handling
Conduct an on-site survey and detailed spectrum test near the
site, and configure radio parameters again based on ambient
characteristics and test result. It is better to let professional
network optimization personnel perform this task.
User Complaints
Difficult Call Connection
Symptoms and Effects
Users complain that call completion rate (successfully connected
to called party) decreases significantly and calls cannot be
connected at all in extreme cases.
67
Causes
Call completion rate is a basic index to evaluate overall
performance of the system. A great variety of factors may affect
it, including:
1. Boards and parts of access side equipment (including Node B
and RNC) fail, or parts of core network side equipment (such
as MSC) fail, so less resources are available and users
access requests are mostly rejected.
2. Software version mismatch exists among some equipment or
parts, for operation mistakes at system upgrade or version
update. It affects normal working of the system, particularly
putting interactive flow of important signaling or message
into disorder. As a result, user access becomes difficult.
3. Early-stage network planning or network construction is not
perfect or resource configuration is incorrect, so allocation of
system service resources is not reasonable. There are
insufficient resources in some areas, particularly those with
large traffic, which reduce success ratio of user access.
3. User access is more likely to fail in promulgation
environment, if there is electromagnetic interference (for
example, pilot pollution) and SNR degrades.
Handling
1. Set statistical tasks on performance statistics man-machine
interface of operation and maintenance background, to
measure call completion rate in user complaint area, and
compare the result with old statistical data.
2. There is a large possibility of external electromagnetic
interference if statistical indices do not decrease significantly.
68
Causes
1. Mobile terminal has poor demodulation performance
(receiving sensitivity), and fluctuation of receiving field
strength affects conversation quality.
2. Either or both parties of the call are on edge of cell(s) or the
call is blocked by landform or buildings, so signal field
strength is weak and fluctuates greatly. They result in a high
frame error rate and affecting voice quality.
3. Strong electromagnetic interference is present in the space,
including pilot pollution, carrier interference, and abnormal
sector power of adjacent BTSs. They result in decreased
voice quality.
69
Handling
1. Check mobile terminal used for conversation. Use multiple
terminals of different models for comparison if possible, to
determine whether the terminal has any problem.
2. Test signal field strength in conversation area to evaluate
coverage effect. Optimize the network if the area has weak
signal field strength.
3. Monitor with instruments to see whether any pilot pollution
or carrier interference exists in the region. Find out
interference source and handle it properly if so.
4. Query recent forward power output status of all adjacent
BTSs at operation and maintenance console. Check
corresponding BTS and eliminate related fault if finding any
abnormal power output.
5. Usual reason for voice quality degradation only occurring
during motion is that power control mechanism in special
geographical and ambient system cannot accommodate the
application. There is need to optimize the network in this
case, for example, by adjusting the antenna.
6. Use a signaling monitoring meter or start signaling tracing at
operation and maintenance background, and perform on-site
dialing test, to monitor signaling flow. Query history alarms
and current alarms simultaneously as a supplement to locate
the fault. Check corresponding data configuration and
hardware/software versions to eliminate the fault if locating
the fault to a specific board or part.
70
Causes
1. Signals on forward radio link are of poor quality. For
example, received power at the edge is below -90dBm, or
received power is high but FER is above 10%, which limits
rate of the forward link.
2. Fail to provide high-rate downloading-required bandwidth
because system resources are insufficient.
3. The equipment other than Node B fails.
Handling
1. Use instruments to test received power and BER of forward
radio link, and perform network optimization if required.
2. View current occupation and allocation of system resources,
such as carrier frequencies, links, boards and switching
network, to find out bottleneck of resources. Upgrade the
equipment or expand capacity if condition permits.
71
Chapter
Definition of Emergency
Fault
Emergency fault means that a major fault occurs during running
of the product and fails to provide basic service, for example:
the equipment is paralyzed or suspended; the system is in
disorder; abnormal running time exceeds 30 minutes for other
causes or the product endangers personnel safety. The
followings are level-1 faults:
1. Fail to provide basic service (regardless of any cause such as
equipment paralysis, suspension, system disorder or ambient
and human factors), and fails to recover after preliminary
handling. Emergency handling is in need.
2. Service interruption affects major sites or customers.
3. Foreground/background
interrupted.
communication
is
completely
Handling
Contact technical support person of ZTE in time if an emergency
fault occurs to the ZXWR B09. ZTE Corporation will immediately
enable emergency fault handling to solve the problem ensuring
quality
73
National hotline
800-830-1118; 0755-26770800
ADSL hotline
0755-26770188
Support website
http://support.zte.com.cn
Support mailbox
800@zte.com.cn
Fault
Level
Fault Description
Phone
Response
Time
Recovery
Time
Level-1
fault
Immediately
Less than 1
day
Level-2
fault
Less than 30
minutes
Less than 5
days
Level-3
fault
Less than 2
hours
Less than 15
days
Level-4
fault
Less than 2
hours
Less than 30
days
Technical
consultation
Technical consultation,
and consultation about
the equipment service
and function
Less than 2
hours
Less than 2
days
Other
problems
Less than 48
hours
Less than 90
days
74
Transmission Disconnected
Node B cannot communicate with RNC and user services cannot
be accessed, if transmission between RNC and Node B is faulty.
Perform following steps in sequence to solve the problem:
1. Use a piece of normal transmission wire (E1 or optical fiber)
to self-loop IIA. IIA is normal if self-loop succeeds. IIA is
abnormal and needs replacement if self-loop fails.
2. Perform a self-loop test for corresponding transmission
interface of RNC by following same procedures. Replace the
board if it is abnormal.
3. Check transmission line connecting RNC and Node B.
75
Lightning Strike
A lightning strike may have damaged the equipment, if system
service suddenly becomes abnormal.
Check devices in the following order: antenna feeder, DDL,
TRXU, power distributor, IIA, and optical interface of IIA.
Isolate failed parts and replace them.
76
Chapter
Terms
Term
Description
AAA
AAL2
AAL5
AH
Authentication Header
ATM
DHCP
DiffServ
Differentiated Service
GRE
HLR
ICMP
IETF
IKE
IMSI
IntServ
Integrated Service
IPCP
IP Control Protocol
IPsec
IP Security
IPv6
IP Version 6
ISAKMP
IWF
L2TP
LAES
LAN
LCP
MGW
Media Gateway
MIP
Mobile IP
77
Term
Description
MS
Mobile Station
MSC
NCP
PAP
PPP
QoS
Quality of Service
RADIUS
RSVP
SDH
STM
TCP
TOS
Type of Service
UDP
UDR
VLR
VPN
WAN
78
Appendix
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
Description
A3
Authentication algorithm A3
A5/X
A8
ACK
ACKnowledgement
ACM
ACM
AE
Application Entity
APB
AoC
Advice of Charge
AoCC
AoCI
ASE
ASIG
Analog Signaling
ASN.1
AuC
Authentication Centre
BAIC
BAOC
BCCH
BCTL
Back Control
BCSN
BDT
BCTC
BFBI
79
Abbreviations
Description
BHCA
BIC-Roam
BNET
Back Network
BO
BOIC
BOIC-exHC
BPSN
BS
BS
Bearer Service
BSG
BSNM
Back S Network
BTS
BUSN
CAI
CB
Cell Broadcast
CBC
CBCH
CBK
CC
Country Code
Call Control
CCF
CCITT
Cct
Circuit
CF
CFB
CFNRc
CFNRy
CFU
CGC
80
Appendix A Abbreviations
Abbreviations
Description
CI
Cell Identity
CUG Index
CLKG
CLOCK Generator
CLKI
CLOCK Interface
CLI
CLIP
CLIR
CM
Connection Management
CMD
CoMmanD
CMP
COLI
COLP
COLR
DTB
GGLP
COLP
GGMP
GGUP
GLI
GE Line Interface
GERAN
IMAB
IMA Board
IPB
IP Process Board
IPI
IP bearer Interface
IWFB
IWF Board
MNIC
MONB
MONIOTR BOARD
MPB
MRB
OMP
PLI
PSN
PWRD
POWER Distributor
RMP
81
82
Abbreviations
Description
RPB
SDHB
SDH Board
SDTB
SDU
SGBP
SGSN Gb Processor
SGLP
SGMP
SGSP
SGSN Processor
SGUP
SIUP
SGSN Iu Processor
SMP
SPB
TFI
TSNB
UIM
VTC