Chapter 1 Personality Theory in Contrast

Definitions
Implicit personality theories
Psychological construct
Motivational basis
Measuring personality
Developmental theories
Heritability versus environment
Idiographic
Nomothetic
Norms
Population norms
Relatively stable
Enduring
Observable

Unobservable
Private persona
Public persona
Craniology
Occupational testing
Openness to new experience
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Physiognomy
Phrenology

Chapter 2 The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality

Definitions
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Repression
Manifest content
Latent content
Primary process thinking
Pleasure principle
Secondary process thinking
Reality principle
Id
Delayed gratification
Ego
Superego
Erogenous zone
Oral receptive character
Oral aggressive personality
Cathexis
Penis envy
Castration anxiety
Oedipal complex
Defense mechanisms
Projection

Reaction formation
Rationalization
Conversion reaction
Phobic avoidance
Displacement
Regression
Isolation
Undoing
Sublimation
Catharsis
Abreaction
Transference
Counter-transference
Parsimony
Heuristic value
Applied value
Comprehensiveness
Description
Explanation
Empirical validity
Testable concepts
Parapraxes

Chapter 3 Developments of Freudian Theorizing

Definitions
Inferiority complex
Social context

Masculine protest
Teleology

Deterministic
Style of life
Social life
Birth order
Social interest
Psyche
Life-process energy
Principle of opposites
Self-realisation
Principle of equivalence
Principle of entropy
Extraversion
Introversion
Sensing
Thinking
Feeling

Intuitive
Method of amplification
Basic anxiety
Defensive attitudes
Compulsiveness
Rigidity
Indiscriminate usage
Unconscious
Real self
Idealized selves
Tyranny of the should
Actual selves
Externalization
Penis envy
Masochism

Chapter 4 Learning Theory Perspectives on Personality

Definitions
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus
Classical conditioning
Extinction
Experimental neuroses
Operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Random or partial reinforcement schedules
Shaping
Behaviourism
Unlabeled
Habit
Primary drives
Secondary drives
Primary reinforcers
Secondary reinforcers
Approach-approach conflict
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Approach-avoidance conflict
Double approach avoidance conflict
Talking phase
Performance phase
Reciprocal determinism
Personal factors
Behavioural factors
Environmental factors

Chapter 5 Cognitive Personality Theories

Reciprocal causation
Personal agency
Proxy agency
Collective agency
Forethought
Observational learning
Characteristics of the model
Attributes of the observer
Consequences of imitating a behavior
Self-reinforcement
Incentive
Internal self-regulatory processes
Vicarious experience
Participant modeling
Self-efficacy
Locus of control
Behavior potential
Expectancy
Reinforcement value
Generalized expectancies
Externals
Internals
Personality coefficient
Functional equivalence class of situations
Behavioural signature of personality
Cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS)
Cognitive-affective units (CAUs)

Definitions
Personal constructs
Superordinate construct
Subordinate construct
Constructive alternativism
Superordinate construct
Corollaries
Construction corollary
Individuality corollary
Organization corollary
Dichotomy corollary
Choice corollary
Range of convenience
Experience corollary
Modulation corollary
Fragmentation corollary
Communality corollary
Sociality corollary
Pre-emptive constructs
Constellatory constructs

Propositional constructs
Circumspection-pre-emption-control (CPC) cycle
Controlled elaboration
Self-characterization sketches
Fixed-role therapy
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Rational behavior
Irrational behavior
Fallibility
Activating event
Belief system
Consequences
Disputation
Dysfunctional beliefs
Education
Ego disturbance
Discomfort disturbance
Low frustration tolerance

Chapter 6 Humanistic Personality Theories

Definitions
Self-actualisation
Instinctoid tendencies
Deficiency motives
Growth motives (being motives/B-motives)
D-love
B-love
Metaneeds
Being cognition (B-cognition)
Peak experiences

Deficiency cognition (D-cognition)

Unconditional positive regard
Conditions of worth
Self-concept
Organismic valuing
Fully functioning person
Ideal self
Core conditions of counseling
Empathic understanding

Chapter 7 The Trait Approach to Personality

Definitions
Nomothetic
Melancholic temperament
Choleric temperament
Phlegmatic temperament
Sanguine temperament
Endomorphy
Mesomorphy
Ectomorphy
Norms
Idiographic
Common personality traits

Personal disposition
Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary traits
Habitual responses
Specific responses
Supertrait
Personality types
Extraversion
Introversion
Extravert

Introvert
Neuroticism
Psychopath
Psychoticism
Emic approach
Etic approach

Conscientiousness
Openness
Agreeableness
Will to achieve
Work dimension

Chapter 8 Biological Basis of Personality (I)

Definitions
Behavioural genetics
Genotype
Phenotype
Family studies
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Additive genetic variance
Dominant genetic variance
Epistatic genetic variance
Shared environments
Non-shared environments
Group socialization theory

Assortative mating
Excitatory mechanism
Inhibitory mechanism
Reticulo-cortical
Reticulo-limbic
Behavioural approach system (BAS)
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Beta range
Alpha range
Electromodal measures (EDA)

Chapter 9 Biological Basis of Personality (II)

Definitions
Evolutionary psychology
Strategic pluralism
Prisoners dilemma
Life history
Mating effort

Parental investment
Internal reliability
Inter-observer agreement
Within-subject reliability
Anthropomorphic projections

Chapter 11 An Introduction to Intelligence

Definitions
Implicit theories
Layperson
Practical problem-solving
Social competence
Verbal ability
Antonym

Analogies
General cognitive factor of intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence
Intellectual self-assertion
Intellectual self-effacement

Chapter 12 Theories and Measurement of Intelligence

Definitions
General intelligence (g)
Specific abilities

Associative memory
Perceptual speed

Reasoning
Spatial visualization
Verbal comprehension

Word fluency
Naturalist
Existentialist

Chapter 13 The Use of Intelligence Tests

Definitions
Psychometric
Cognitive psychology
Elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs)
Reaction time
Standard deviation of reaction time (RTSD)
Inspection time (IT)
Evoked potential (EP)
Simultaneous processing

Successive processing
Meta-analysis
Internal reliability
Test-retest reliability
Face validity
Concurrent validity
Predictive validity

Chapter 15 Further Discussions and Debates in Intelligence

Definitions
Meta-analysis
Narrative analysis
Spatial ability
Voxel-based morphometry
Grey matter
White matter
Hormones
Gonadal hormones

Testosterone
Estradiol
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Stereotype threat
Intrapersonal skills
Interpersonal skills adaptability scales
Stress-management scales
General mood

Chapter 16 The Application of Personality and Intelligence in Education and the Workplace
Definitions
Experiential learning theory
Concrete experience
Reflective observation
Abstract conceptualization
Active experimentation
Accommodating
Diverging
Converging
Assimilating
Self-awareness
Self-regulation/management
Social awareness
Social skills/management
Creativity
Redirection
Reconstruction
Reinitiation
Wisdom

Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Extrapersonal
Adaptation
Shaping
Selection
Replication
Redefinition
Forward incrementation
Giftedness
Unrealistic optimism
Egocentrism
Omniscience
Omnipotence
Invulnerability
Above-average ability
Task commitment
Mediated learning experience (MLE)

Learning Propensity Assessment Device (LPAD)

Chapter 17 Further Debates and Applications in Individual Differences

Definitions
Structural model
Process models
Clinical
Armchair speculation
Coping

Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Psychoticism

Chapter 18 - Optimism
Definitions
Helplessness
Learned helplessness
Internal factors
Stable factors
Global factors
Learned optimism
Personal
Permanent
Pervasive
Circumstantial
Temporary
Specific
ABC format
Distraction
Disputation

Dispositional optimism
Primary appraisals
Coping styles
Optimistic bias
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Self-esteem
Situational optimism
Big optimism
Little optimism
Pathways
Agency
Hope
False hope syndrome
Positive thinking

Chapter 20 Shyness and Social Anxiety

Definitions
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety
Social phobia
Agoraphobia
Generalized social anxiety disorder
Non-generalized (performance) social anxiety disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Brain stem

Chapter 21 Interpersonal Relationships

Limbic system
Prefrontal cortex
Motor cortex
Shyness
State shyness
Trait shyness
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Fight-or-flight response
Melatonin
Self-enhancement bias
Self-blaming

Definitions
Similarity hypothesis
Ideal partner hypothesis
Repulsion hypothesis
Optimal dissimilarity hypothesis
Optimal outbreeding hypothesis
Fatal attraction
Intimacy
Passion
Commitment
Triangular theory of love
Love styles
Primary love styles
Secondary love styles
Eros
Ludus
Storge
Attachment styles
Secure attachment
Anxious-resistant

Anxious-avoidant
Satisfaction
Investment model
Comparison level
Quality of alternatives
Investments
Exit strategy
Voice strategy
Loyalty strategy
Neglect strategy
Constructiveness versus destructiveness and activity
versus passivity
Direct strategies
Indirect strategies
Intrapsychic phase
Dyadic phase
Social phase
Grave-dressing phase

Chapter 22 Social Attitudes

Definitions
Authoritarianism
Conservatism
Social dominance orientation
Social dominance theory
Aggregated institutional discrimination

Aggregated individual discrimination

Behavioral asymmetry
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping

Chapter 23 Well-being and Personality Disorders

Definitions
Circumplex theory of affect
Subjective well-being
Psychological well-being
Hedonic well-being
Eudaimonic well-being
Life satisfaction
Autonomy
Environmental mastery
Personal growth
Purpose in life
Positive relations with others
Self-acceptance
Axis I
Axis II
Axis III

Axis IV
Axis V
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Heritability
Cognitive/perceptual
Affect regulation

Anxiety/inhibition

Chapter 24 Individual differences in health and illness

Definitions
Health
Psychosomatic
Type A personality
Type B personality
Anxiety
Depression
General adaptation syndrome
Alarm reaction

Fight-or-flight response
Resistance stage
Exhaustion stage
Burnout
Locus of control
Self-efficacy
Optimism
Intelligence

Chapter 25 An Introduction to Psychometric Testing

Definitions
Psychometric
Leading question
Hypothetical question
Internal reliability
Kuder-Richardson Formula 20
Test-retest reliability
Validity

Convergent validity
Concurrent validity
Discriminant validity
Face validity
Content validity
Predictive validity
Third person rating of the individual