LOGICAL REASONING

Concept Base:
Logical reasoning questions does not require knowledge of logic as a subject. Basic
common sense tempered with comprehension and reasoning ability should do.
Questions on logical reasoning spread over a wide spectrum. The most popular ones
are
1. Number Series and Letter Analogies
2. Coding and Decoding
3. Odd man Out
4. Direction Problems
5. Blood Relations
6. Venn Diagrams
7. Syllogism
8.Grading/Ordering

Number Series:
The difference between a number and the preceding number keeps increasing by constant
difference
Number series with an increasing or decreasing difference
For better understanding, we will classify this into the following broad categories.
Difference series
Product series
Squares/Cubes series
Miscellaneous series
Combination series
Difference Series:
Example :
What is the next number in the following series of numbers? 1, 5, 9, 13 , ?
(a) 16
(b)21
(c)17
(d) 15
Solution: Ans :(c)17
Here the difference between 1st &2nd ,2nd & 3rd, 3rd & 4th numbers etc. are adding a
constant figure of 4 to the preceding term of the series
Product Series:
Example:
Which number can replace ? in the series 2, 8, 40, 240, ?, 13440?
(a) 720
(b) 1440
(c) 1480
(d) 1680
Solution: Ans :(d)1680
The ratio of a number to the preceding number keeps increasing by 1.
Since the ratio of 240 to 40 is 6, the ratio of the required number to 240 must be 7. So,
the required number is 240 7 = 1680.As a further confirmation, 1680 8 = 13440.
Squares/Cubes Series:
Example:
Fill in the blank with the appropriate number: 3, 8, 15, ___ ,35
(a) 20
(b) 25
(c) 24
(d) 30
Solution: Ans: (c)24
Here The series is : (22 1),(32 1), (42 1), (52-1), (62 1)
Therefore 52-1=24

Miscellaneous Series:
Example:
The missing number x in the series, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 16, 18, 22, x, 30, is
(a) 28
(b) 25
(c) 23
(d) Cannot say
Solution: Ans: [a]28
The given series is a series of prime numbers less 1.
Combination series
Example:
What is the next number in the following series of numbers 0,7,2,17,6,31,12,49,20,.
(a) 30
(b) 71
(c) 55
(d)31
Solution: Ans: [b]71
1st ,3rd,5th, .. terms which is 0,2,6,12,20 combined with another series 2nd,4th,6th,
term which 7,17,31,49,
First series increase 2,4,6,8 ..
Second series increase 10,14,18,.
Last no 20 belongs to 1st series, a number from second series should follow next. The
next term of the second series will be obtained by adding 22 to 49 that is 71
Example:
What is the next number in the following series of numbers 2,6,10,3,9, _
(a) 5
(b) 13
(c) 19
(d) 17
Solution:
Ans: (b)13
Here first term 2 is multiplied by 3 to get 2nd term, and add 4 to 2nd term to get 3rd
term, 4th term is 3(one more than 1st term) and its multiply by 3 to get 5th term and
then add 4 to get 6th term

Letter Series :
Letter series with constant or increasing or decreasing differences. The position of
the letter in the English alphabet is considered to be value of the alphabet in questions on
letter series
The Value in alphabetical order
Letter A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Value 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Letter N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Value 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
The value in reverse alphabetic order
Letter A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Value 26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
Letter N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Value 13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Example:
Find the most suitable replacement for x in the following alphabet chain: B D H x V.
(a) M
(b) N
(c) O
(d) P
Solution: Ans : (b)N
The differences are: 2, 4, ?, ?. Going by the pattern, the differences could be 2,4,6, 8
and hence the Value of the missing letter should be 6 more than that of H and 8 less
than that of V. Clearly the letter is N.

Example:
Fill in the blank with the most suitable letter. CXHS__N.
(a) M
(b) N
(c) O
(d) P
Solution: Ans: [a]
The ranks of the given letters in alphabetical and the reverse order
alternatively are: 3, 3, 8, 8, ?, 13. So, the rank of the missing letter must
be 13 in the natural order or the letter must be M.
Example:
Fill in the blank with the most suitable letter. I, X, J, W, K, V, L, __
(a)M
(b)U
(c)S
(d)T
Solution: Ans: (b) U
Two series : 1st series I, J, K, L
2nd series X, W,V,_ Its reverse order So next letter is U
Example:
If the letters of the English alphabet are interchanged between the first and the
second, the third and the fourth, the fifth and the sixth and so on, which of the given
options would fit into the 17th position from the right?
(a) H
(b) I
(c) F
(d) J
Solution: Ans: [b]
17th position from the right is equivalent to 10th from the left. Since the interchange
is between the two consecutive odd and even numbered letters, the 10th letter after
interchange must have in the 9th position before the interchange. The letter in the 9th
position is I.
NUMBER AND LETTER ANALOGIES
Number Analogies:
Typical relationships between the numbers in a given pair can be any of the following:
One number is a multiple of the other.
One number is the square or square root of the other.
One number is the cube or cube root of the other.
The two numbers are square of two other numbers which themselves are related. For
example, the two numbers are squares of two consecutive integers or squares of two
consecutive even integers or squares of two consecutive odd integers.
The two numbers are such that they are obtained by adding a certain number to the squares
or cubes of the two related numbers.
The two numbers can be consecutive, even, odd or prime numbers.
Examples:
Find the missing number. 25 : 36 :: 49:__________
(a)70
(b) 98
(c)65
(d) 60
Solution:
Ans : (d) 60
When the numbers in the question are considered the students tend to consider 25
and 35 as squares of two consecutive natural numbers. But the answer choices does
not consist of an answer suitable to the above logic. Hence, it is important that, view
in arriving at the logic.
25 + 11 = 36
Similarly, 49 + 11 = 60

Example:
Find the missing number.27 : 51 : : 83:__________
(a) 102
(b) 117
(c) 123
(d) 138
Solution:
Ans: (c) 123
The given analogy can be written as
52+2:72+2::92+2:
5and 7 are successive odd numbers. Similarly, next odd number to 9 is 11 and
112+2=121+2 = 123.
Example:
Find the missing number.11 : 25 : : 17: ____________
(a) 33
(b) 28
(c) 41
(d) 37
Solution:
Ans: (d) 37
11 x 2 + 3 = 22 + 3 = 25
Similarly, 17 x 2 + 3 = 34 + 3 = 37.

LETTER ANALOGIES:
The questions in this area are similar to verbal Analogies. Here, the questions are
based on the relationship between two groups of letters (instead of two words as in Verbal
Analogies). Typically, three sets of letters are given followed by a question mark (where a
fourth set of letters is supposed to inserted). The student has to find the relation or order in
which the letters have been grouped together in the first two sets of letters on the left hand
side of the symbol : : and then find a set of letters to fit
Example:
BDEG : DFGI : : HKMO : __________
(a)ILNP
(b) JMOP
(c) JMOQ
(d) JNOQ
Solution:
Ans: (c) JMOQ
Two letters are added to each letters to get the next letters in the anology.
B D E G; Similarly, H K M O
+2 +2 +2 +2
+2 +2 +2 +2
D F G I
J M O Q
Example:
BCDE : DFHH :: FGHI : _________.
(a)LJPL
(b) LKPL
(c) JKPJ
(d) IKPL
Solution:
Ans: (a)LJPL
B C D E ; Similarly, F G H I
X2 +3 X2 +3
X2 +3 X2 +3
D G H H
L J P L
CODING AND DECODING
When we say coding, a particular code or pattern is used to express a word in
English language as a different word or in a different form. The coded word itself does not
make any sense unless we know the pattern or code that has been followed. Decoding refers
to the process of arriving at the equivalent English word from the code word given.

In the questions, a particular code is given and on the basis of this given code, we
have to find out how another word (in English language) can be coded. The correct code for
the given word has to be selected from the answer choices on the basis of the code given in
the question.
Example:
If NGEORA is the code for ORANGE, what is the code for NIRVAN?
(a) NIRVAN (b) NAVNIR (c) VANNIR (d) RINNAV
Solution:
Ans: [c]
O

Example:
In a certain code language, if CRICKET is coded as 3923564, ROCKET is coded as
913564 and KETTLE is coded as 564406, then how is LITTLE coded in that language?
(a) 244060
(b) 024406
(c) 020446
(d) 200446
Solution:
Ans: (c) 020446
As we observe that the letters and their corresponding codes are given in order i.e.,
the code for C is 3, R is 9, I is 2 and so on. Hence, the code for LITTLE IS 024406.
Example:
In a certain code language, if the word REJECTION is coded as SGMIHZPWW,
then how is the word MECHANIC coded in that language?
(a) NGFLFTPK
(b) NGPLFTPK
(c) NGFKFTPK
(d) NGPTPKIL
Solution:
Ans: (a) NGFLFTPK
Word: R E J E C T I O N
Logic: +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9
Code: S G M I H Z P W W
Similarly the code for MECHANIC, is
Word: M E C H A N I C
Logic: +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
Code: N G F L F T P K
Example:
In a certain code, jo ka ra means go for walk, ma fo ka means do not walk, and sa ta jo
means good for you. Then, in that code, ra ka would mean
(a) go walk
(b) you go
(c) you walk (d) good walk
Solution:
Ans: [a] go walk
1. jo ka ra means go for walk,

2. ma fo ka means do not walk,

3. sa ta jo means good for you.
From (1) and (2) ka means walk. From (1) and (3) jo means for. And by
elimination, ra means go. So, ra ka would mean go walk.

ODD MAN OUT:

When a given set of elements is classified under a single head, one of the items will
not fall into that group to which the rest belong, i.e., it will not have the common
property, which the others will have. Hence it becomes the odd man out.
Alphabet Classification:
Example :
Find the odd one among the following.
(a) ZW
(b) TQ
(c) SP
Solution:
Z-3W, T-3Q, S-3P, N-2L
Hence, NL is the odd one.
Ans: (d)NL

(d) NL

Word Classification:
Example:
Find the odd one among the following.
(a) Mercury (b) Moon
(c) Jupiter
(d) Saturn
Solution:
All others except Moon are planets where as Moon is a satellite.
Ans: (b) Moon
Example:
Find the odd one among the following.
(a) SORE
(b) SOTLU
(c) NORGAE (d) MEJNIAS
Solution:
The words are jumbled. The actual words are ROSE, LOTUS, ORANGE and
JASMINE . All, except ORANGE, are flowers where as ORANGE is a fruit.
Ans: (c) NORGAE
Number Classification:
Example:
Find the odd one among the following.
(a) 17
(b) 27
(c) 37
(d) 47
Solution:
All the given numbers except 27 are prime numbers whereas 27 is a composite
number Ans: (b) 27
Example:
Find the odd one among the following.
(a) 1011
(b) 1101
(c) 1111 (d) 10001
Solution:
All the given numbers are in binary system, converting these into the decimal system
we get,
1011= 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20 = 8 + 2 + 1 = 11
1101 => 1 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20= 8 + 4 +1 = 13
1111 => 1 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20= 8 + 4 +2 + 1 = 15
0001 => 1 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20= 16 + 1 = 17
All the given numbers except 15 are prime numbers.
Ans: (c) 1111

DIRECTION PROBLEMS:
To solve these type of problems, the student should be aware of the directions. The
student should also recognize the left and right of a person walking in a particular
direction. The following diagram shows all the directions and left (L) and right (R) of
a person walking in that direction.

NOTE
The distance from a particular point after a travelling a distance of x meters in the
horizontal direction and a distance of y meters in the vertical direction is equal to
(x2 + y2 )
(Please note that in common usage, North south direction is referred to as
vertical direction and the East West direction is referred to as the horizontal
direction).
Example:
A person travels a distance of 7 km towards east from his house, then travels 7 km
towards north and then a distance of 7 km towards east and finally 7 km towards
north.What is the vertical distance travelled by him?
Solution:

Let A and E be the initial and the final positions. The vertical distance travelled
= BC + ED = (7 + 7) km = 14 km.
Example:
Surya travels 3 m towards east and then turns right and travels 4 m. What is the
distance between the initial and the final positions of Surya?
Solution:

Let A and B the initial and the final positions of Surya.

AB = (AC2 + BC2)
= (32 + 42)
= 5 m.

Example :
Starting from his house, Sachin walks a distance of 8 m towards north, then he turns
left and walks 6 m, then walks 3 m towards south and finally travels 6 m towards
west to reach his office. What is the distance between his house and office and also
find in which direction is his office situated with respect to his house.
Solution:

Let A be the Sachins house and E his office.

The distance between A and E
= ((EF)2 + (BC)2)
= ((ED + CB)2 + (AB - FB)2)
= ((ED + CB)2 + (AB - CD)2) = = (122 + 52) = 13 m.
His office is towards northwest of his house.
Example:
If the person had taken the second left turn 14 seconds from the start of the walk,
what was his average speed in kmph?
Solution:
Total distance travelled = 70 metres
total time taken = 14 seconds
=> average speed = 5 m/s
= (3.6 5) = 18 kmph.

BLOOD RELATIONS:
Mothers or Fathers son
Mothers or Fathers daughter
Mothers or Fathers brother
Mothers or Fathers sister
Mothers or Fathers mother
Mothers or Fathers father
Grandmothers brother
Grandmothers sister
Sisters or Brothers son
Sisters or Brothers daughter
Uncle or Aunts son or daughter
Sons wife
Daughters husband
Husbands or Wifes sister
Husbands or Wifes brother
Sisters husband
Brothers wife
Children of same parents

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Children
Childrens Children

:
:

Brother
Sister
Uncle
Aunty
Grandmother
Grandfather
Granduncle
Grandaunt
Nephew
Niece
Cousin
Daughter-in-law
Son-in-law
Sister-in-law
Brother-in-law
Brother-in-law
Sister-in-law
Siblings (could be all brothers, all sister or
some sisters)
Son, Daughter
Grandchildren (Grandson,
Granddaughter)

1st Stage

GRAND PARENTS

2nd stage

PARENTS & IN-LAWS

3rd stage

SIBLING, SPOUSE & INLAWS

4th stage

CHILDREN & IN-LAWS

5th stage

GRANDCHILDREN

Grandfather, Grandmother,
Granduncle, Grandaunt
Father, Mother, Uncle, Aunt,
Father-in-law, Mother-in-law
Brother, sister, Cousin, Wife,
Husband, Brother-in-law,
Sister-in-law
Son, Daughter, Niece,
Nephew, Son-in-law,
Daughter-in-law
Grandson, Granddaughter

Example:
As fathers mother-in-laws only daughters son is B. How is A related to B?
(a) Brother
(b)sister
(c)Nephew
(d)Cannot determined
Solution:
As fathers mother-in-laws only daughter is As mother. As mothers son is As
brother.
But A can be either brother or sister to B
Ans: (d) Cannot determined
Example:
Given
P * Q means Q is the brother of P,
P # Q means Q is the son of P and
P ^ Q means P is the mother of Q,
which of the following represents a valid relation chain?
(a) A * B ^ C
(b) A ^ B * C
(c) A # B ^ C
(d) All of these
Solution:
A * B ^ C B is the brother of A and also the mother of C clearly absurd.
A ^ B * C A is the mother of B and C is the brother B => A is the mother of C
valid.
A # B ^ C B is the son of A and also the mother of C clearly absurd.
Ans: [b] A ^ B * C
Example:
Pointing to a person, Raju said He is the only brother of my fathers mother
daughter. How is the person related to Raju?
(a)Brother
(b) Father
(c) Nephew (d) uncle
Solution:
Rajus fathers mothers daughter is raju,s fathers sister. Rajus fathers sisters only
brother is rajus father. Hence the person is Rajus father
Ans: (b) Father

VENN DIAGRAM:
set
Notation

Pronunciation

Meaning

AUB

"A union B"

everything
that is in
either of the sets

{1, 2, 3}

"A intersect B"

only the things

that are in
both of the sets

{2}

Ac
or
~A

"A complement",
or "not A"

everything
in the universe
outside of A

{3, 4}

AB

"A minus B", or

"A complement B"

everything in A
except for anything
in its overlap with B

{1}

~(A U B)

"not (A union B)"

everything
outside
A and B

{4}

~(A ^ B)
or
~(
)

"not (A intersect B)"

everything outside
of the overlap
of A and B

{1, 3, 4}

Venn diagram

Answer

While Venn diagrams are commonly used for set intersections, unions, and complements,
they can also be used to show subsets.

For instance, the picture to the right

displays that A is a subset of B

As you can see above, a subset is a set which is entirely contained within another set. For
instance, every set in a Venn diagram is a subset of that diagram's universe.
Venn diagrams can also demonstrate
disjoint" sets. In the graphic to the
right, A and B are disjoint:
That is, disjoint sets have no overlap; their intersection is empty. There is a special notation
for this "empty set", by the way: "".
Example:
Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Profit, Dividend
and Bonus ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Solution:
Ans: Option B
Bonus and Dividend are different from each other.
But both these are parts of profit.
Example:
Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Travelers, Train
and Bus ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Solution:
Ans: Option C
Bus and Train are different from each other but some travelers travel by bus and
some travel by train.
Example:
In the following figure small square represents the persons who know English,
triangle to those who know Marathi, big square to those who know Telugu and circle
to those who know Hindi. In the different regions of the figures from 1 to 12 are
given.

Solution:
1. How many persons can speak Marathi and Telugu both ?
A. 10
B. 11
C. 13
D. None of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation: 6 + 7 = 13.
2. How many persons can speak only English ?
A. 9
B. 12
C. 7
D. 19
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Number of persons were can speak English is 12
3. How many persons can speak English, Hindi and Telugu?
A. 8
B. 2
C. 7
D. None of these
Answer : Option B
Explanation: Number of persons who can speak English, Hindi and Telugu is 2.
4. How many persons can speak all the languages?
A. 1
B. 8
C. 2
D. None
Answer: Option D
Explanation: There is no such person who can speak all the languages
Example:
In an organization of pollution control board, engineers are represented by a circle,
legal experts by a square and environmentalist by a triangle. Who is most
represented in the board as shown in the following figure ?

A. Environmentalists
B. Legal Experts C. Engineers with legal background
D. Environmentalists with Engineering background
Solution:
Answer: Option D
Environmentalists with Engineering background is most represented in the board.

SYLLOGISM:
The word "syllogism" is given by Greeks which means 'inference' or 'deduction'. It
was introduced by Aristotle
A syllogism is a logical argument where a quantied statement of a specic
form (the conclusion) is inferred from two other quantied statements (the
premises)
Eg: 1.All dogs are cats
2.All cats are pigs
These two statement are called premises
Conclusion: All dogs are pigs
The premises normally start with words all, no, some, and some-not
All has synonyms as each, every, any
some can also replaced by many, few, most of, much of, more
A premises consist of a subject and a predicate
Where, the first term(eg. Dog in statement (1) is subject)
The second term( e.g. Cats in statement(2) is the predicate)
In syllogisms, there are four kinds of statements:
A: Universal affirmative. All A are B
I: Particular affirmative. Some A are B
E: Universal negative. No A is B
O: Particular negative. Some A are not B
The subject and the predicate are either distributed ( ) or not distributed (x)
depending on what kind of a statement

Universal affirmative
Universal negative
Particular affirmative
Particular negative
Note: - indicates distributed

Subject

x indicates undistributed

Predicate
x

Rules:
1. Every deduction should contain three and three distinct terms
2. Middle term must be distributed at least once in the premises
3. If one premises is negative, then the conclusion must be negative
4. If one premises is particular, then the conclusion must be particular
5. If both the premises are negative, no conclusion can be drawn
6. If both the premises are particular, no conclusion can be drawn
7. No term can be distributed in the conclusion, if it is not distributed in the premises
Example:
Statement: All dogs are cats
All cats are pigs
Solution:
-1st statement is a universal affirmative statement, the subject(dogs) has to be
distributed() and the predicate(cats) not distributed
-2nd statement is also a universal affirmative statement, the subject(cats) has to be
distributed() and the predicate(pigs) not distributed.
-Middle term Cats( occur in both premises) is distributed once in the premises

Hence, it satisfy rule 2,

-As dogs distributed in the premises, pigs is undistributed in deduction
-The type of statement that satisfy both of them is universal affirmative statement,
i.e., a statement with all
Hence the answer will be
All dogs are pigs
-The answer cannot be all pigs are dogs because rule 7.As pigs is not distributed in
the premises, it cannot be distributed in conclusion
Example:
Statement: All dogs are cats
Some cats are not pigs
Solution:
- 1st statement is a universal affirmative and hence the subject(dogs) is distributed
and predicate(cats) is not distributed
- 2nd statement is a particular negative and hence the subject(cats) is not distributed
and predicate(pigs) is distributed(Ref above table)
- middle term(cats) is not distributed at least once in the premises.
Rule 2 is not satisfied , hence we cannot draw any conclusion.
Example:
Statement: All cats are dogs
Some cats are pigs
Solution:
-1st statement is a universal affirmative and hence the subject(cats) is distributed and
predicate(dogs) is not distributed
- 2nd statement is a particular Affirmative and hence the subject(cats) is not
distributed and predicate(pigs) is not distributed(Ref above table)
- As per rule 4, the conclusion should be particular one
Hence, answer will be Some dogs are pigs or Some pigs are dogs
Example:
Statements: All apples are oranges.
All oranges are mangoes.
Conclusions: All apples are mangoes.
All mangoes are apples.
Solution:

apple
Mango
orange

Clearly all apples are mangoes. But, all mangoes which are lying outside the middle circle
are not oranges and all mangoes lying outside the inner circle are also not apples.
Thus only the first conclusion can be validly derived.

Example:
Statements:

Some papers are pencils.

All pencils are tigers.
Conclusions: I: All tigers are pencils.
II: Some tigers are pencils.
III: Some tigers are papers.
IV: Some papers are tigers.
(a) All
(b) II, III, IV
Solution:

(c) III, IV

(d) I, II, III

Ans: [b]
There are some tigers outside the inner circle and hence all tigers need not be pencils.
Tigers which are inside the inner circle are also pencils and hence II is valid.
There is an intersection of Tiger-circle and Paper-circle implying that some tigers can
also be papers. So, III is valid.
By the same logic, some papers are also tigers and hence IV is valid.

GRADING / ORDERING:
Example:
In an army parade, when cadets are asked to fall in line in ascending order of their
heights, cadet 101 is 10th from the tallest and cadet 201 is also 10th but from the
shortest. When they interchange their positions, cadet 201 is 27th from the shortest.
How many cadets are there in the parade?
(a) 36
(b) 35
(c) 34
(d) 33
Solution:
9
1

10

16

2710

201
Ans: [a]
A positional figure would serve as an
excellent guide in such problems.
From the diagram, total number of
cadets = 9 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 9 = 36.
Example:
In the above problem, after interchange of positions, what is the position
of cadet 101 from the tallest?
(a) 27
(b) 25
(c) 23
(d) 22
Solution:
Ans: [a]
The position = 36 9 = 27.

Example:
Among five liquids P, Q, R, S, T, the boiling point of P is less than that of T but
more than that of Q which in turn has a higher boiling point than R. The boiling
point of S is higher than that of T. Which liquid has the boiling point such that two
liquids have boiling point higher and two have lower?
(a) P
(b) Q
(c) R
(d) S
Solution:
Ans: [a]
The given conditions can be represented by means of inequalities as shown below:
P<T
Q<P
R<Q
T<S
Combining, R < Q < P < T < S.
Clearly, R and Q have boiling point less than P and the boiling point of
S and T are more than that of P.

ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
1. Complete the following series : 56, 93, 124, ___, 176,195
(a)147
(b)153
(c)161

(d)168

2. In the following sequence of letters how many vowels are immediately preceded by a
vowel and immediately followed by a vowel?
cpeajedcsmatammfdadhcoauIdpakseadfajeafdcaaaekaaakaea
(a)Three
(b) Four
(c) Five
(d) Six
3. Complete the following series : 8. BN, DP, GS, KW, _ _
(a)PB
(b)QC
(c)OA

(d) RD

4. Complete the following series : 25G : 36I :: 49M : ___

(a)64J
(b)64K
(c)64P

(d) 64L

5. MAI:ZNV::CLE:__
(a)PYV

(d) PYR

(b)POV

(c)PYS

6. Which of the following letters would fit in as the best replacement for * in the alpha series
BFILO*UY?
(a)M
(b)O
(c)P
(d) R
7. In certain code language, if the word REJECTION is coded as SGMIHZPWW, then
what is the code for the word MECHANIC in that language?
(a)NGFLFTPK
(b)NGPLFTPK
(c)NGFKFTPK
(d) NGPTPKIL
8. In certain code language, if the word POTATO is coded as 87, and the word ONION is
coded as 67 then hw is the word TOMATO coded in that language?
(a) 81
(b) 86
(c) 77
(d) 84
9. If KREZAM is coded as 804156, the numerical code 865410 would
(a)MARKEZ
(b)MAKREZ
(c)KMAEZR

(d)MAKERZ

10. One evening, two friends Raj and Sanju are sitting on the chairs in a park facing each
other. If Sanjus shadow is falling exactly to his left then which direction does Raj face?
(a)East
(b)West
(c)North
(d) South
11. Starting from her house, Nisha traveled 8m towards west, then turned right and
travelled 15m. She then travelled 15m. she then travelled 20m, to south to reach a hostel.
How far is her house from the hostel and in which direction?
(a)17m
(b)18m
(c)13m
(d) 14m
12.Sherin started from her house and walked 11km towards west followed by 20km to her
right. She then took a right turn to walk 6km. finally she walked 8 km to her right. What
is the distance between sherins house and her destination?
(a)17km
(b)12km
(c)15km
(d) 13km
13. P is the mother of K; K is the sister of D; who is the father of J. How is P related to J?
(a)Mother
(b) Grandmother
(c) Aunt
(d) Data Inadequate

14. P is the brother of Q whose son is R. T and S are the daughter of P and R respectively.
How is T related to S?
(a)T is the cousin of S
(b) Mothers of S and T are cousins
(c)Father of S and T are cousins
(d) Mother of T and S are cousins
15. Earth is a planet. Saturn doesnt have satellite. Venus has a satellite: Only planets have
satellites.
(a) Venus is a planet.
(b) Saturn is not a planet.
(c) Earth doesnt have a satellite.
(d) Earth has a satellite.
16. All flowers are beautiful. Few flowers are roses. All roses are red. No jasmine is a rose.
(a) Few roses are beautiful.
(b) No flower is red.
(c) Some jasmines are not flowers.
(d) Few red are beautiful.
Directions for Questions 17 to 18 : These questions are based on the Following information.
A survey is conducted among 275 families, 100 families among them use air condition
(A.C), 70 families use only coolers, 60 families use only A.C and 80 families use only fan.
10 families use all three and 10 families use none of the three.
17. How families use both a cooler and a fan?
(a)20
(b) 25
(c) 30
(d) 40
18. How many people use either a cooler or an A.C?
(a)185
(b) 190
(c) 205

(d) Cannot be determined

19.Statement: All dogs are cats. All dogs are rats

(a) All rates are cats
(b)Some rats are cats
(c)all cats are rats
(d)none of these
20. Showing Photographer p said she is my mothers mothers sons daughter. How is the
person in the photograph related to P?
(a) aunt
(b) sister
(c)cousin
(d)Niece

21. Complete the following series: 5, 6, 14, 45, 184, _______

(a)925
(b) 865
(c) 795

(d) 985

22. Complete the following series: MSO, OTR, RVW, WYD, DCM, ______
(a)OHY
(b) OMX
(c) OHX
(d) OMY
23.PNBG : RQGN : : HDSR : _______
(a)IGXY
(b) JGXY

(c) JHVX

(d) JGXV

24.In a certain code, if chair means watch, watch means duster, duster means pen, pen
means book, book means shoe, then what is the object that is used to write, in that code?
(a)Duster
(b) Pen
(c) Shoe
(d) Watch
25. When a watch shows 7:30, its minute hand points towards West. Which direction does
the hour hand point when the time shown by the clock is 5 o clock?
(a)North-east
(b) North-west
(c) South-east
(d) South-west
26. Mr. Deshmukh starts from his school, travels a distance of 2km southwards, and then
travels a distance of 4km towards East, then a distance of 3km to his right, and then he
turned right and traveled 4km and 2km after the first and second turns respectively.
Finally he traveled 4km towards East. How far is he from his school and in which
direction?
(a)5km and south-east (b) 5km and North-west (c) 7km and south (d) 7km and south-east
27. (A) No rhombus is square.
(B) Many squares are quadrilaterals
(C) All quadrilaterals are not squares.
(D) Quadrilaterals are not rhombus.
(E) Squares are rhombus
(F) Few quadrilateral are rhombus.
(a) DEC
(b) AFB

(c) CFB

(d) BED

28. All cigarettes are cigars.

Some cigarettes are not good for health.
(a) Some cigars are not good for health. (b) Some cigars are not good for health.
(c ) No Cigar is good for health.
(d) Both (1) and (2).
29. Sashis fathers father is the husband of Muralis mothers mother. How is Sashi related
to Murali?
(a)Brother
(b) Sister
(c) Cousin
(d) None of those.
30. In a certain code language, RHOMBUS is coded as TJQODWU. How is
PARALLELOGRAM coded in the same language?
(a)RCTCNNGNQITCO
(b) RCTCNNGNRITCO
(c) RBTBNNGNQITCO
(d) RCSCNNGNRITCO

ANSWER KEY
1. b

2.d

3.a

4.a

5.d

6.d

7.a

8.d

9.c

10.c

11.c

12.d

13.b

14.c

15.a

16.b

17.b

18.a

19.b

20.a

21.a

22.c

23.b

24.d

25.d

26.a

27.a

28.a

29.c

30.b