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Comparison

of S houlder and H ip Joint


The hip joint is very stable unlike the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) which is very mobile
and not so stable. T he shoulder joint sacrices stability for mobility. T he head of the
humerus is very large and the glenoid fossa is shallow therefore it is an unstable joint.

Type

Descrip9on

Capsule

Shoulder Joint
Synovial B all and S ocket

Hip Joint
Synovial B all and S ocket
ArAculaAon between the
head of the femur and the
acetabulum. T he
acetabulum has a non
arAcular surface
(acetabular fossa- the point
of a7achment for the
ArAculaAon between the
ligament of the head of the
head of humerus and the
femur. It carries a branch of
shallow glenoid cavity with
the obturator artery
hyaline carAlage covered
acetabular artery which
surfaces. T he glenoid cavity
provides a bit of the blood
is deepened by the glenoid
supply to the head of the
labrum (a brocarAlaginous
femur.) and an arAcular part
collar surrounding the
which is crescent (horse-
glenoid fossa). T he tendon
shoe) shaped that is
of the long head of the
decient inferiorly by the
biceps is a con2nua2on of
acetabular notch. T he cavity
the glenoid labrum.
of the acetabulum is
deepened by the acetabular
labrum (a brocarAlaginous
rim) which crosses the
acetabular notch where it is
called the transverse
acetabular ligament.
It is thin and lax and allows
and allows for a wide range
of movements.
AHaches on the margins of
Strengthened by the rotator acetabulum and transverse
cu muscles (subscapularis, ligament and obturator
infraspinatus, supraspinatus membrane (border of
and teres minor) and the
obturator foramen)
glenohumeral ligaments. It medially and laterally to the
has a brous, around the
intertrochanteric line of the
outside of the glenoid
femur and posteriorly to the
labrum and a synovial
intertrochanteric crest.
membrane which at various Main blood supply to the
points penetrates the
head of the femur comes
brous membrane and
from vessels the pass under
forms bursae which act as
the capsule.
cushions and can become
inamed and cause pain.
1. Iliofemoral Ligament
Y-shaped and prevents over
1. G lenohumeral Ligament extension when standing.
3 weak bands that
2. Pubofemoral T riangular

deepened by the acetabular


labrum (a brocarAlaginous
rim) which crosses the
acetabular notch where it is
called the transverse
acetabular ligament.

Capsule

It is thin and lax and allows


and allows for a wide range
of movements.
Strengthened by the rotator
cu muscles (subscapularis,
infraspinatus, supraspinatus
and teres minor) and the
glenohumeral ligaments. It
has a brous, around the
outside of the glenoid
labrum and a synovial
membrane which at various
points penetrates the
brous membrane and
forms bursae which act as
cushions and can become
inamed and cause pain.

Ligaments

1. G lenohumeral Ligament
3 weak bands that
strengthen the front of the
joint.
2. T ransverse Humeral
Ligament bridges the gap
between the tuberosiAes
3. Coracohumeral Ligament
F rom the coracoid process
to the greater tuberosity of
the humerus, it strengthens
the top part of the joint.
4. Coracoacromial Ligament
Accessory ligament on the
superior aspect.

Synovial Membrane

Lines the capsule. F orms


tubular sheaths around the
tendon of the long head of
the biceps. E xtends to
anterior wall to form
supscapularis bursa
beneath subscapularis
muscle.

Nerve S upply

Suprascapular and Axillary


Nerves
In all planes. F lexion (by
deltoid, pectoralis major,
biceps and

AHaches on the margins of


acetabulum and transverse
ligament and obturator
membrane (border of
obturator foramen)
medially and laterally to the
intertrochanteric line of the
femur and posteriorly to the
intertrochanteric crest.
Main blood supply to the
head of the femur comes
from vessels the pass under
the capsule.
1. Iliofemoral Ligament
Y-shaped and prevents over
extension when standing.
2. Pubofemoral T riangular
and limits extension and
abducAon.
3. Ischiofemoral Ligament
Spiral and limits extension
4. T ransverse Acetabular
Ligament Converts
acetabular notch into a
tunnel through which blood
vessels and nerves enter the
joint.
5. Ligament of head of
femur F lat and triangular.
Lies within the capsule and
is ensheated by synovial
membrane.
Lines the capsule and is
aHached to the margins of
the arAcular surfaces. A
pouch of the synovial
membrane frequently
protrudes through a gap in
the anterior wall of the
capsule between the
pubofemoral and
iliofemoral liagments and
forms the psoas bursa
beneath the psoas tendon.
Femoral, Obturator and
SciaAc N erves (also nerve
to quadratus femoris)
Flexion, E xtension,
AbducAon, AdducAon,

anterior wall to form


supscapularis bursa
beneath subscapularis
muscle.

Nerve S upply

Movements

Strength

Other Informa9on

Suprascapular and Axillary


Nerves
In all planes. F lexion (by
deltoid, pectoralis major,
biceps and
coracobrachialis), E xtension
(by deltoid, la2ssimus dorsi
and teres major), AbducAon
(by supraspinatous and
deltoid), AdducAon (by
pectoralis major, la2ssimus
dorsi, teres major and
minor), Lateral R otaAon (by
the deltoid, infraspinatous
and teres minor), Medial
RotaAon (by the
subscapularis, la2ssimus
dorsi, deltoid and teres
major) and CircumducAon
Strength of the joint
depends on the tone of the
rotator cu muscles. T he
weakest point lies inferiorly
because there is liHle
support there and the
capsule is weakest in that
area.

the anterior wall of the


capsule between the
pubofemoral and
iliofemoral liagments and
forms the psoas bursa
beneath the psoas tendon.
Femoral, Obturator and
SciaAc N erves (also nerve
to quadratus femoris)
Flexion, E xtension,
AbducAon, AdducAon,
Lateral R otaAon (occurs by
piriformis, obturator
internus and externus,
superior and inferior
gemelli, quadratus femoris
and gluteus maximus),
Medial R otaAon and
CircumducAon. T he
extensors are more
powerful than the exors
and the lateral rotators are
more powerful than the
medial rotators.

Strength of the joint


depends largely on the
shape of the bones taking
part in arAculaAon and on
the strong ligaments.

The stability of the hip joint


when a person stands on
one leg with the foot of the
A subglenoid displacement opposite leg raised above
of the head of the humerus the ground depends on
into the quadrangular space three factors:
can cause damage to the
1. G luteus medius and
axillary nerve, causing
minimus must be
paralysis of the deltoid and funcAoning normally.
loss of skin sensaAon over
2. Head of the femur must
the lower half of the deltoid be located normally within
muscle.
the acetabulum.
3. N eck of the femur must
be intact and must have a
normal angle with the sha].

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