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1. We are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity
is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes
A. increase the efficiency and productivity of a system because all niches are filled.
B. allow an individual organism to adapt to its changing environment.
C. are necessary for a population to evolve in a changing environment.
D. lead to diverse ecological processes in a biological community.
E. are important for a balanced ecosystem.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension
4. The underlying assumption with the reproductive isolation definition of a species is that
_______________________ prevents groups of similar organisms from exchanging genes.
A. reproductive isolation caused by intraspecific competition
B. reproductive isolation caused by interspecific competition
C. genetic diversity
D. ecological diversity
E. reproductive isolation caused by geography, physiology, or behavior
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension
5. You also mentioned to your friend that a new tool, DNA sequencing technology, is radically changing the
way species are identified. In fact, some groups that were originally thought to be far apart now seem to be
closely related. Which of the following statements does not reflect the implications of using this new tool?
A. This tool will end the debate of what is or is not a species.
B. This tool allows us to see how closely related species are in terms of their genetics.
C. This tool helps us better understand molecular evolution.
D. This tool helps us better understand how species actually originate.
E. This tool helps us judge genetic diversity.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application
Community C has 11 species. Of the 110 individuals, there are 10 individuals of each species.
9. In the scenario above, which community has the highest species richness?
A. Community A
B. Community B
C. Community C
D. Community A and C are the same.
E. Community A and B are the same.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application
10. In the scenario above, which communities have the same species evenness?
A. Community A and C
B. Community B and A
C. Community C and B
D. All three communities have the same species evenness.
E. None of the communities have the same species evenness.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Application
11. In the scenario above, which communities have the same species richness?
A. Community A and C
B. Community B and A
C. Community C and B
D. All three communities have the same species richness.
E. None of the communities have the same species richness.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Application
12. In the scenario above, if you walked through communities B and C, which one would seem to have
more species richness?
A. Community B
B. Community C
C. Community C and B would seem the same.
D. All three communities have the same species richness.
E. It is impossible to tell which one would seem to have more species richness.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Application
13. One of the reasons humans rely heavily on only a few food crops is because
A. we have not explored the cultivation of thousands of edible wild species.
B. there are few edible wild species.
C. we have already focused on the best tasting species for domestication and cultivation.
D. it would be difficult for small farmers to cultivate the fragile wild species.
E. All of these factors contribute to a heavy reliance on only a few species.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension
16. Which of the following drugs is not derived from a naturally occurring organism?
A. penicillin
B. aspirin
C. cortisone
D. morphine
E. All of these are natural products.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge
17. An important drug for treating Hodgkins disease was discovered in a periwinkle native to ______ and
is valued at approximately _________ per year.
A. Madagascar, $15 million
B. New Guinea, $1 million
C. Costa Rica, $15 million
D. Greenland, $1 million
E. Sri Lanka, $15 million
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge
18. The pharmaceutical industry has an interest in preventing species extinction because
A. people are healthier in a healthy environment.
B. undiscovered species may provide lucrative new drugs.
C. most taxonomists are drug makers.
D. it wants to increase diversity in North America.
E. they see the benefits of eco-design.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
19. Soil formation and water purification are examples of _________ based on the biodiversity that benefit
humans.
A. aesthetic benefits
B. geological cycles
C. availability of food
D. health benefits
E. ecological services
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension
23. In general, an animal whose population is widely scattered geographically is _______ as/than one
whose population is geographically restricted.
A. more likely to become extinct
B. less likely to become extinct
C. equally likely to become extinct
D. equally unlikely to become extinct
25. Introduced (exotic) species tend to __________ the balance of ecosystems and ______ biodiversity.
A. increase, decrease
B. increase, enhance
C. maintain, enhance
D. upset, decrease
E. upset, increase
Answer: D
Question Classification: Application
28. Introduced disease organisms are especially dangerous to new environments because they destroy the
non-native host. This happens because the disease organisms
A. have not evolved with this host to achieve the normal balance for long-term success.
B. are opportunists and in order to survive must out compete all other species.
C. are specialists and destroy the individual organisms that have not developed resistance.
D. do not have natural predators.
29. It is clear that a heavy dose of pesticides or other toxic pollutants can kill species. However, chronic
exposure to pollutants seems to cause recent high mortality in marine mammals by
A. decreasing the plants that are normally in their environment, such as kelp, that they use for shelter.
B. killing off the prey species that they depend on for food.
C. direct bioaccumulation of the chemicals, such as lead, in their tissues.
D. causing weakened immune systems and increased vulnerability to infection.
E. eventually killing them.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension
30. The US Army participated in extermination of the American bison because
A. the Army desperately needed meat.
B. the United States wanted the Great Plains free for agriculture.
C. the Army needed leather for shoes.
D. native peoples depended on the bison for food and shelter.
E. None of these, the US Army did not participate in extermination of the American bison. Evidence of this
is the fact that there are bison living in Yellowstone.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
32. The main reason for the current high rate of animal extinctions is
A. uncontrolled sport hunting in the developed world.
B. commercial harvesting of wildlife in Africa.
C. drought conditions caused by the greenhouse effect.
D. habitat destruction worldwide.
E. None of these by themselves cause high rates of animal extinctions, but together they combine to cause
high rates.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension
33. Iceland and Japan continue to justify whaling by arguing it is necessary for
A. cultural survival.
B. food production.
C. scientific research.
35. What did CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) do in 1989 to help
save the African elephant population?
A. established parks
B. provided funds to hire park rangers to prevent poaching.
C. established breeding programs
D. wrote laws making it illegal to kill or transport elephants
E. banned all trade in ivory
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge
37. If you have an aquarium with salt-water fish, 75 percent of your fish probably came from
A. captive breeding programs in the United States.
B. captive breeding programs in Indonesia or the Philippines.
C. wild fish populations caught with cyanide or nets.
D. aquaculture programs in South Pacific countries.
E. hybrid crosses of native United States fish.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge
38. Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is false?
A. The principal importers of endangered species are developed countries.
B. Overharvesting affects animals more than plants.
C. People who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the trade.
39. Which of the following is not an argument of the critics of the animal control program in the United
States?
A. It is expensive to taxpayers.
B. It kills nontarget species.
C. Other controls are more effective and more humane.
D. Animal control programs need to focus more on the higher trophic level species (top consumers) rather
than the lower trophic species (herbivores).
E. All of these are arguments of critics of the animal control program.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension
40. A species in imminent danger of extinction is classified by the US Endangered Species Act as
A. vulnerable.
B. threatened.
C. valuable.
D. endangered.
E. at risk.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
42. Canadas legal equivalent of the US Endangered Species Act is called the
A. Endangered Species Act of Canada (ESAC).
B. Committee for the Prevention of Extinction.
C. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).
D. Canadian Green Party.
E. Canada does not have any wildlife protection laws.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge
43. A species that is naturally rare or that has been depleted to dangerous levels is known, according to the
Endangered Species Act, as a(n) ________ species.
A. endangered
B. threatened
C. unusual
D. vulnerable
E. at risk
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge
45. The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered species is because
A. we consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting and desirable.
B. worldwide there are relatively few invertebrates when compared to plants.
C. it is extremely difficult to identify and count invertebrates.
D. Since there are 532 invertebrates considered endangered, none of the above is true.
E. invertebrates are more numerous and the relative percentages are similar.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension
46. In general, funding for recovery programs is given to species that are
A. in the most danger.
B. the most important.
C. most well known.
D. most numerous.
E. keystone species.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension
49. When Aldo Leopold said, the first rule to intelligent tinkering is to save all the pieces, in terms of
biodiversity he meant that we should
A. save records of all species that have disappeared.
B. not interfere with the disappearance of species.
C. not cause species to disappear.
D. not interfere with nature.
E. Aldo Leopold did not intend to have this statement applied to biodiversity.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension
Short Answer/EssayQuestions
50. Using specific examples, discuss four ways that humans benefit from biodiversity.
Answer: For a total of 40 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.)
40 =
Provided an accurate answer to the question; Provided four accurate examples; Supported the
examples with accurate and appropriate descriptions; Communicated with a well written summary
30 =
Provided an accurate answer to the question; Provided at least three accurate examples; Supported
the examples with accurate and appropriate descriptions; Communicated with a fairly well written
summary
20 =
Provided a mostly accurate answer to the question; Provided at least two accurate examples;
Supported the examples with accurate and appropriate descriptions; Communicated with a fairly
well written summary
10 =
Provided a mostly inaccurate answer to the question; Provided one accurate example; Supported
the example with accurate and appropriate descriptions; Communicated with a poorly written
summary
0=
Provided an inaccurate answer to the question; Provided no accurate examples; Did not support
the examples with accurate and appropriate descriptions; Communicated with a very poorly
written summary
51. Using population dynamics compare and contrast the population growth of a native species that is a
specialist in an area and an exotic species that has been introduced to that area and is encountering no
limiting factors. Draw the population curves for each species.
Answer: For a total of 20 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.)
20 =
Provided at least three accurate comparisons; Supported the comparisons with accurate evidence;
Provided at least three accurate contrasts; Supported the contrasts with accurate evidence;
Communicated effectively with a well written summary; Drew accurate curves
15 =
Provided at least two accurate comparisons; Supported the comparisons with accurate evidence;
Provided at least two accurate contrasts; Supported the contrasts with accurate evidence;
Communicated with a fairly well written summary; Drew accurate curves
10 =
Provided at least one accurate comparison; Supported the comparison with accurate evidence;
Provided at least one contrast; Supported the contrast with evidence; Communicated with a fairly
well written summary; Drew accurate curves
5=
0=
Provided at least one accurate comparison; Supported the comparison with accurate evidence OR
Provided at least one accurate contrast; Supported the contrast with accurate evidence AND
Communicated with a poorly written summary; Drew fairly accurate curves
Provided at least one comparison; Did not support the comparison with accurate evidence OR
Provided at least one contrast; Did not support the contrast with accurate evidence AND
Communicated with a very poorly written summary; Did not draw accurate curves