STRUCTURE 1

Group 4
-

Ananda Yulia Astanti (1488203225)

Marfuah

(1488203103)

Siti Rohmah

(1488203143)

Siti Maspupah

(1488203135)

Try Puji Pangestuti

(1488203172)

PAST TENSE
Past tense is a sentence that explaining about an event that was happens at
past time. And past tenses devided four kinds. There are :
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple past tense is to describe an action or an event that happens at past
time and now was done, and knowing when the event was happens or do.
a. Function
a. How to use Simple Past Tense
1. To state an action that is done and do at past time.

Ex :

- I met a beautiful girl yesterday morning.

- She came here yesterday.

2. In use when an incident has really happened in the past, although a certain time
is not mentioned.
Example :

-They lived in New York.

b. Form
Verbal sentence
(+) Subject + V2 + (Object + adverb)
(-) Subject + did + not + V1 + (Object + Adverb)
(?) Did + Subject + V1 + (Object + Adverb) ?
(?-) Did + Subject + not + V1 + (Object + Adverb) ?

Example :
(+) She bought a book yesterday.
(-) She didnt buy abook yesterday.
(?) Did she buy a book yesterday ?
(?-) Did she not buy a book yesterday ?

c. Time Signal
Time signal or adverb of time that used in Simple Past is adverb of time at
past time using with last (was happened) and some other expression time that to
used at Simple Past. There are :

Last + Time

Cardinal + time + ago

Specific Time In Past

Last Sunday

One day ago

Yesterday

Last day

Two days ago

The day before

Last night

Three weeks ago

yesterday

Last morning

Four years ago

2 days before yesterday

Last week

One weeks before

Last month

In 1990

Last year

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSES

Past continuous tense is showing the action that happens in the past time.
On other event occur or other action.
a. Function
To state an event that happens at past time.
Comparison between Simple Past and Past Continuous :
Past Continuous

Simpel Past

Karen arrived; we were having dinner

Karen arrived; we had dinner (Karen

(when Karen came, we was starting

came, and then we just eat).

dinner, so Karen see we were eating).

b. Form

Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + (Object + Adverb)
(-) Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-ing + (Object+Adverb)
(?) Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + (Object +Adverb)
(?-) Was/were + Subject + Not + Verb-ing + (Object +Adverb)
Example :
(+) He was studying when you telephoned.
(-) He was not studying when you telephoned.
(?) Was he studying when you telephoned ?
(?-) Was he not studying when you telephoned ?

c. Time Signal
Time Signal or adverb of time that used in past continuous tense.
-

At this time yesterday

At 7 Oclock yesterday

At the same time yesterday

Example :
(+) We were joking
(-) We were not joking
(?) Were we joking ?
(?-) Were we not joking ?

3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfect Tense is tenses that helping time change that perfect and
finish in past time or to explain two events that was happen, but to confirms
whichever event occurs and we know that happen. So the text be varied
a. Function
1. To state an event that was happened before the other event was happened at
past time.
2. Past Perfect is use for balance with Present Perfect. The comparison,there are :
Present Perfect still relation with time now, meanwhile Past Perfect is used in
world past time that not relation with now.

b. Form
Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + had + (Ordinary verb) + V3 + (Object/Adverb)
(-) Subject + had + Not + (Ordinary verb) + V3 + (Object/Adverb)
(?) Had + Subject + V3 + (Object/Adverb) ?
(?-)Had + Subject + Not + V3 + (Object/Adverb) ?
Example :
(+) I had left when the telephone rang.
(-) I had not left when the telephone rang.
(?) Had I left when the telephone rang ?
(?-) Had I not left when the telephone rang ?
c. Time Signal
Is using some time signal present perfect, but the use for suit with past
time,there are : before, after, as soon as, until, just, already, since, and for.

4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

To show an action was started and still occur on the past time or an action
that was happens before the other action.

a. Function
When we using Past Perfect Continuous Tense ? This tense same to use
with Past Perfect Tense, but expression the actions that over long time in past
time before the other action was happened.
b. Form
Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + had + been + verb-ing + + when + S + V2 + (object/adverb)
(-) Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + (object/adverb) + when + Subject +
V2+ (Object/adverb)
(?) Had + Subject + been + verb-ing + (object/adverb) + when + Subject + V2 ?
(?-) Had + Subject + not + been + verb-ing + (object/adverb) + when + Subject +
V2 ?
Example :
(+) I had been walking for two hours when I met you.
(-) I had not been waling for two hours when I met you.
(?) Had I been walking for two hours when I met you ?
(?-) Had I not been walking for two hours when I met you ?

Reference :
-

Sujibto, J Bernando. Cara Gokil Jago Writing.

2010.Djogjakarta.

Azar, Betty S..Fundamentals of English Grammar. Inc 1985.

IEnglewood.New Jersey : Practice-Hall.

Junaida, Suryadi. Complete English Grammar.

2007.Yogyakarta.

Http://www.englishpage.com