Dr. A.M.

Badraldin
G.V.Black Dental Center
Khartoum-Sudan
Jully-2009

 as antimicrobial agent
fill the discrepancies between the obturation materials and dentin
walls
as binding agent
As lubricant
Give radiopacity
As canal obturating material
1-Sealers may be classified according to their composition (Ingle)
Eugenol
Non-eugenol
Medicated
Basically the eugenol group may be divided into subgroup namely
a-silver containing
b - silver free
--- silver containing cements
Kerr sealer ( Rickert,1931)
-- Silver free cements
Grossman's sealer Tubliseal Wash's paste

Calcium Hydroxide based Sealers

Resin-based sealer
Solvent based Sealers
Nogenol based Sealer
Glass ionomer-based sealers
Polycarboxylate-based sealers
Silicone-based Sealers
Calcium phosphate-based Sealers
Urethane Methacrylate - Based Sealers
MTA-based Sealers
root canal sealers have therapeutic properties-usually
Used without core materialsIodoform- disadvantages compact root canal filling
Endofill
N2
Endomethasone
Iodoform paste

Material's intended to be used with core material.

intended for with or without core material or seal

Divided into three classes

includes materials in the form of powder and liquid that
set through a non polymerizing process.
---- include materials in a form of two pastes that set
through a non polymerizing process.
---- includes polymers and resin systems that set through
polymerization.
divided into four classes
powder and liquid non polymerizing.
paste and paste non polymerizing.
-- metal amalgam.
polymer and resin systems-

. Adequate consistency and adhesion to dentinal walls. Tacky when mixed

Only polycarboxylates and glass ionomers satisfy requirement No.1, good adhesion to dentin
. Adequate working time. set slowly. Sodium borate
. Capacity to produce a hermetic seal.

. Easy handling.
. Radiopacity provided by salts of heavy metals and a halogen: lead, silver, barium,
bismuth, or iodine.

. No shrinkage at the time of set. significant dimensional change and continued

volume loss can occur in some endodontic sealers. ZOE sealers begin shrinking within hours
after mixing AH-26first expanded and showed no shrinkage for 30 days
. Antibacterial action.

. Biocompatibility. Tissues tolerant (biotolerant) accept

something; tending to withstand or survive. Bioactive. materials capable
of interacting with living tissue
. Insolubility in tissue fluids
.To allow retreatment of the canal.
. Do not discolor dental tissues
zinc oxideeugenol ,Endomethasone, and N2 induced a moderate
.
orange-red stain, Diaket and Tubli-Seal caused a mild pink discoloration
AH-26 gave a distinct color shift toward grey. Cavit produced a light to
moderate yellowish/green stain. gutta-percha caused a mild pinkish tooth
discoloration AH-26 Silver-Free and Duo Percha induced a distinct color shift
towards grey.
. No antigenic action. not provoke Immune response.
. No mutagenic or carcinogenic action

powder :
zinc oxide 34---41.2 %
precipitated silver 25-30 %
Oleo resins 30-16%
Thymol iodide 11-12%
Liquid :
oil cloves 78-80%
Canada balsam 20-22% make the sealer tacky
Advantages 1- excellent lubricating properties
2- working time more than 30 mints ratio 1:1 Completely set and
become inert within 15-30min thus reducing the inflammatory
responses compared to other That take 24-36hours to set EWT
6 hour working time
3- germicidal
4- greater bulk than any sealer this is ideal
for condensation techniques
Disadvantages-- staining of the tooth --rapid setting time in high
heat/humidity region

Zinc oxide eugenol sets because of a combination of physical and chemical reaction,
yielding hardening of the mixture is due to formation of zinc eugenolate the
presence of free eugenol tend to weaken the set and increased the cytotoxicity.
Practically all ZOE Sealer Cements are cytotoxic and invoke an inflammatory response
in connective tissues.
ease of manipulation- plasticity - radiopaque with some germicidal
properties- minimal staining accepted working time, low setting time in the absence
of moisture. good sealing properties.
- irritation & not easily absorbed from periapical tissues. Zinc eugenolate
has the disadvantage, however, of being decomposed by water through a continuous
loss of the eugenol. This makes ZOE a weak, unstable material and precludes its use in
bulk, such as for retrofillings placed apically through a surgical approach.
-The initial ZOE Cement, developed by Rickert(1931)
-The silver, added for radiopacity, causes discoloration of
the teeth, thus creating an undesirable public image for
endodontic.

Composition : powered zinc oxide 42

staybelite resin 27 bismuth subcarbonate 15
Barium sulfate 15 sodium borate 1 part
liquid eugenol
it has plasticity and slow setting
time due to the present of sodium borate
Disadvantages present of resin need vigorous
spatulation other with it lodge on the canal
wall
original formula .Roth only add
bismuth subniterate instead of bismuth
subcarbonate

a nonstaining sealer
Marketed as a two-paste system
Composition
Base:
Zinc Oxide
Oloe Resin
Bismuth trioxide
contains barium sulfate as a radiopacifier
Thymol iodide
Oil and Waxes
Catalyst:
Eugenol
Polymerized resin
Annidalin
setting time glass slab 20 minutes root canal 5 minutes.

Advantages
:
quick and easy mix and manipulation
extremely lubricated( Due to its lubrication property can be
used when it is difficult to the master cone to Reach the last
millimeter of preparation
does not stain teeth
expands after setting
Disadvantages
- Irritate periapical tissues
-very low viscosity easy extrusion through apical foramen
-short working time,rapid set especially in the presence of
moisture (used when apical surgery is to Be performed
immediately after filling)
The company has reformulated the sealer to extend working
time, it now available in auto-mix tube

According to
the manufacturers description,
Zinc Oxide- Eugenol Root canal sealer
Powder:
Zinc oxide---- Thymol iodide ---Barium Sulphate
Liquid:
Eugenol
Advantages
does not( irritate) periapical tissues
Contains antiseptic and anti-inflammatory additives
Does not stain the tooth structure
Good radiopacity
High adhesion properties (Fluid-tight seal, not
hermetic seal)
Easy of manipulation & application
acceptable work time

According to
the manufacturers description,
Endofill is a radiopaque preparation for
permanent root-canal filling.
Its composition is well tolerated by tissues
and it provides anti-inflammatory, antiseptic
actions. Before hardening, the paste penetrates
the narrowest fissures and maintains its
therapeutic effects throughout the treatment
until completely set. The final
obturation neither retracts nor resorbs.
Endofill is available as REGULAR or SLOW setting
COMPOSITION
Powder :
Dexamethasone Acetate 0.01%,
Hydrocortisone Acetate 1.0%,
Polyoxymethylene 2.2%, Thymol lodide 22.5%,
excipient ad 100%
Liquid :
Eugenol

According to
the manufacturers description,
Powder:
Enoxolone 1%, Diiodothymol, Zinc oxide,
Radio-opacifier: silver powder.
Liquid:
Eugenol.
PROPERTIES
SEALITE ULTRA contains Enoxolone): non
steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with
good local and systemic safety. It is used for the
relief of post-operative pain following root canal.
work cement witch perfectly fills even the smallest
canals, very thin film thickness, no disintegration,
very slow solubility, very high flexibility of handling,
adequate working time and setting time

According to
the manufacturers description,
Root Canal Sealant Based On Grossman's Formula
Antibacterial,non inflammatory
* Root canal sealing using gutta percha points
* Root canal sealing without using gutta percha points
* Root canal filling for infected root canals
Composition:
* Zinc Oxide * Bismuth Subcarbonate*Iodoform
* Epoxy Resins* Barium Sulphate* Sodium borate
Eugenol
* Setting Time 5 - 10 Minutes*
Working Time 4 - 6 Seconds
Product Benefits:
* Antibacterial and non inflammatory
* Based on Grossman's Formula
* Radiopaque and non staining
* Excellent thermal insulation

According to the manufacturers description

insoluble, radiopaque calcium hydroxide
cement for the permanent obturation of root canals in
combination with gutta-percha points. It does not shrink
during setting and demonstrates excellent physical and biological
Properties
Working Time
If no water is added, the working time is approx. 3 hours.
The addition of water markedly reduces this time span.
Composition
Calcium salts (hydroxide, oxide, phosphate), hydrogenized
colophony, disalicylate, bismuth salts (oxide, carbonate),
highly dispersed silicon dioxide (silanized) and alkyl ester of
phosphoric acid.
Contraindication
Retrograde obturation
Do not use Apexit Plus in patients with a known allergy
to any of the products ingredients.

Side Effects
Avoid contact of
with the skin mucous
membranes and the eyes. Unset Apexit Plus may cause
slight irritations.
Interactions
The setting time of
in the root canal is
dependent upon the availability of moisture. The
setting reaction can progress very quickly in canals
which have been inadequately dried.
The material begins to set at the apex, as
dentin is thinnest in this region and the apical foramen
admits additional moisture. Thus even when using
, make sure to thoroughly dry the root canal
system prior to performing the obturation. Outside the
mouth, on the mixing pad,
may remain soft
for several days, depending on the ambient humidity
The setting time of
is between two and five
hours. In very dry canals, the setting time can be more
than ten hours.

Further manipulation of the root canal system,

such as the insertion of an endodontic post
or an apicectomy should not be done prior to
24 hours following root canal obturation.
does not contain any pharmaceutical
substances such as corticoids, antibiotics or
formaldehyde-based preparations.
Thus apical foci of inflammation are not masked
by the antiphlogistic and immunosuppressive
effect of these additives. To avoid postoperative
sensitivity in the event of an infected canal, however,
antibacterial root canal dressings should be placed prior
to applying
. Should postoperative sensitivity
occur, it should cease after a maximum of 48 hours.
differs from
in that it is supplied in a more
convenient delivery form and has a more hydrophylic formulation

calcium hydroxidepaste to paste System.

Base:
zinc oxide,
calcium hydroxide
butyl benzene,
sulfonamide
zinc stearate.
Catalyst :
barium sulfate
titanium dioxide as radiopacifiers
resin, isobutyl salicylate, and aerocil.
In 100% humidity, it takes up to 3 weeks to reach a final set. In a dry atmosphere, it never sets.
the sealer expands while setting. Ingle question : Is SealApex soluble in tissue fluids to release
the calcium hydroxide for its osteogenic effect? And if so, does this dissolution lead to an
inadequate seal?

similar to SealApex
Contain 40% Iodoform
Contain Iodoform& ZOE

Based more on resin chemistry

an epoxy resin. It is a glue, the base is biphenol A-epoxy.

The catalyst is hexamethylenetetramine.
It also contains 60% bismuth oxide for radiographic contrast.
As AH-26 sets, traces of formaldehyde are temporarily released,
which initially makes it antibacterial. AH-26 is not sensitive
to moisture and will even set under water. It will not set, however,
if hydrogen peroxide is present.
good adhesive property- good flow antibacterial
-it contracts slightly while hardening
Low toxicity and well tolerated by periapical tissues.
-The addition of a hardener ,hexamethylene tetramine,make s the cured resin
Chemically and biologically inert. the setting time is 36 to 48 hours at body temperature and
5-7 days at room temperature. The Swiss manufacturers of AH-26 recommend that mixed AH26 be warmed on a glass slab over an alcohol flame, which renders it less viscous. AH-26 is
also sold worldwide as

Recognizing the advantages of AH-26 (high radiopacity,

low solubility, slight shrinkage, and tissue compatibility)
, as well as some of its disadvantages (formaldehyde release,
extended setting time [24hours], and staining), the producers
of AH26 set out to develop an improved product they renamed
They retained the epoxy resin "glue of AH26 but added
new amines to maintain the natural
color of the tooth. Its shade and color stability make it
Material of choice where aesthetic demands are high.
AH Plus comes in a pastepaste system,
Paste A epoxy resin
-calcium tungstate
-Zirconium Oxide
-silica-Iron Oxide
Paste B adamantaneamine-N,N-Dibenzyl-5-oxanonane-diamine- 1,9,TCD-diamine
- Calcium Tungstate-Zirconium Oxide-Silica-Silicone oil

-has a working time of 4 hours and a setting time of 8 hours.

- half the film thickness and half the solubility of regular AH26
-, and may be removed from the canal if necessary.
-In a comparative toxicity study, AH Plus was found to be less
-toxic than regular AH-26.
-Easy to mix
-adapts closely to the walls of the prepared root canal
-Provides minimal shrinkage upon setting
-outstanding long- term dimensional stability and sealing properties.
Calcium release is absent due to absent of release of calcium hydroxide
Durarte et al in 2003 Suggested addition of 5 percent
calcium hydroxide so it leads to low viscosity material
As well as it provides a more alkaline pH and calcium release.
This higher alkalinity And enhanced calcium release leads to
improved biological and microbiological behavior, as a more
alkaline pH favors the deposition of mineralized tissue and exerts an
Antimicrobial action.
AH Plus is also sold worldwide as
Ingel-5

Developed to replace gutta percha and traditional sealers for root canal treatment
Contains
-Urethane Dimethacrylate(UDMA)
-Poly(ethylkene glycol)dimethacrylate(PEGDMA)
-BisphenolA-dimethacrylate(BisGMA)resins
- Silane-treated barium borosilicate glass,
-Barium sulfate,
-silica,
-calcium hydroxide,
-bisthmus oxychloride with amines,
- peroxide,
-photo inhibiter, pigments.
designed for use with Polycaprolactone core material.Self-cures in about 25minutes.
It comes with a self-etch prime.
Sodium hypochlorite may negatively affect bond strength.the last irrigation should be EDTA&
Sterile water or chlorhexidine. When obturation is completed ,the coronal surface may be
Light-cured for 40 seconds to create coronal seal.

.)
Ease of manipulation radiopacity,
Best bond to dentin,
Fewest voids,
Lowest surface tension,
Best flow.
Their greatest concern was the problem of removal in the event of re-treatment since
there is no known solvent for glass ionomers . Experimental Sealer .

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate - developed by Dr. torabinejad 1903 USA

white & Grey color
--- Tricalcium Silicate
Dicalcium Silicate
Bismuth Oxide
Calcium Sulfate
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite
same as grey color except
lack of tetracalcium alumino-ferrite
-setting time 2 hours and 45mihutes.
- pH 12.5 when set so it has biological & histological properties
Similar to calcium hydroxide.
-high compressive strength and produces hard setting non
Resorbable surface.
- it set in a moist environment (hydrophilic in nature love of water)
- low solubility -resistant to marginal leakage

- biocompatible
- the mixture is a loose granular aggregate, so it doesn't stick to any
instrument( cement 0r amalgam carrier),unless compacted very lightly
the loosely bong aggregate will be pushed out of the cavity.
-Bacteriostatic
- Difficult to manipulate
- long setting time
- costly
: - Apexification
- Root resorptions
- Root perforations
- Pulp capping
- Root end filling material ( grafting endodontic)
:
1-MTA material should be kept in closed container to avoid moisture
2- should be stored in dry area
3- material should be immediately placed after mixing to prevent
dehydration during setting
4- working time is about five minutes, if more time working is need
The mixed material should be covered by moist gauge to prevent evaporation
Or add small drop of water during capillary condensation technique.

- Septodont.. September 2010

-Based on Active borosilicate Technology
-Tri-calcium Silicate core
-Designed to treat damage dentine- both for restorative( pulp capping)
and endodontic indications( perforation & open apex .root canal repair material).
Advantages:- Biocompatible eliminates the risk of adverse tissue response.
- Help to preserve pulp vitality by promoting reactionary dentine genesis
- reduce the postoperative sensitivity by its outstanding sealing properties.
- Easy to use need no surface condition or bonding.
- compactable strength
- quick setting
Usage :- deep class V cavities - gross root caries
- restore endodontic - access cavities
- indirect pulp capping - open apex

Disadvantages:1- fast setting may lead to cracks in side the hardened

biodentine
2-Have no long lasting antibacterial action (this action exist only during setting 10-12 m)
Setting of biodentine is based on chemical reaction between CSC powder and CaCi2
which proceed fast. Slow setting ensures high pH which is maintained for along time.

According to the manufacturer

aluminum-free sealer based on a calcium silicate composition,
- calcium phosphate,
-calcium silicates,
-zirconium oxide,
-calcium hydroxide.
iRoot SP includes a similar composition
to white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)
iRoot SP can form a hermetic seal inside the root canal
and be used for filling root canals with or without gutta-percha points.,
premixed, ready-to-use injectable white hydraulic
cement paste developed for permanent root canal
filling and sealing applications. iRoot SP is an insoluble,
radiopaque, and aluminum-free material based on a
calcium silicate composition, which requires the presence
of water to set and harden. sealer is practically non resorbable bonereplacing bioceramic

-Potent antibacterial activ-ty, -absolute biocompatibility,

-osseoconductivity, -ability to achieve excellent hermetic seal in constantly wet
environment, -formation of chemical bond with dentin
-insolubility in tissue fluids, -expansion during time of set,
-very good radiopacity - easy handling
iRoot BP Injectable Root Canal Repair Filling Material
(iRoot BP) is a premixed injectable paste
- Tricalcium Silicate
- Dicalcium Silicate
-Zirconium Oxide
- Tantalum Pentaoxide
-Calcium Sulfate
iRoot BP is packaged in a
preloaded syringe and is supplied with disposable tips

a new generation of a dental root canal repair

filling material.
BioAggregate Root Canal Repair Filling
Material (BioAggregate)
is a fine white hydraulic powder cement
mixture
for dental applications. It utilizes the advanced
science of nano-technology to produce
ceramic particles that upon reaction with
water produce biocompatible and aluminumfree ceramic material.
Tricalcium silicate, Dicalcium silicate,
Amorphous silicon oxide, Tantalum pentoxide,
Calcium Phosphate monobasic

According to
1. During setting hard ceramic-based sealers expand. Expansion of BioAggregate and iRoot
SP and iRoot BP is significant 0.20%
2. Bioceramic-based sealers are capable of achieving fast alleviation of the pain in cases of
acute periapical inflammation. After appropriate instrumentation and cleaning of the root
canal, followed by immediate filling with iRoot SP, pain rapidly diminishes and most often is
totally gone within a period of 50 minutes to few hours.
In cases of MTA-based materials extrusion outside the root canal is associated with severe
pain felt by the patient.
When bioceramic-based sealers BioAggregate or iRoot SP are extruded, the pain is
relatively small or totally absent. Such lack of pain may be explained with the
characteristics of these new materials. During hardening they produce
hydroxylapatite and after the end of hardening process they exhibit the same features as
non-resorbable hydroxylapatite-based bioceramics used for bone replacement in oral
surgery. Due to the hydroxylapatite formed, they are also osseoconductive
3. MTA-based materials and BioAggregate have quite poor radiopacity, different from
bioceramic based iRoot SP and iRoot BP sealers.