ISBN: 378-26-138420-01

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CURRENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH, ICCTER - 2014

Quick Detection Technique to Reduce Congestion in

WSN
M.Manipriya1, B.Arputhamary2,
1

M.Phil scholar, Department of computer science, Bishop Heber college(Autonomous),

Trichirapalli-620 017
2
Asst.professor, Department of computer Applications, Bishop Heber college(Autonomous),
Trichirapalli-620017
priyayehova@gmail.com
arputhambaskaran@rediffmail.com

information via one to another node. Nodes are

having limited storage space in terms of bandwidth,
space, battery level, multi hop communication
architecture in sensor networks since nodes send
their data to a sink node for transmitting the
packets. Sensor has been classified into two classes
such as event driven and continuous dissemination.
According to the history of communication, sensor
nodes are constrained in battery level and
bandwidth. Current researches being focused on
sensor networks to maximize the network life time.
The node delay and throughput are common issues
in sensor networks, transmission of data require
end-end delay must be acceptable range to the
users, as delay decreases users meet Quality of
Service (QoS) of the network. During this
transmission tasks some nodes have low energy to
transmit or some nodes are being inactive to send
the packets, so that node can be waste the resources
and also enhanced the congestion between the
nodes which causes high delay and chance to get
packet loss. In order to avoid this issue our
proposed technique solves the congestion control,
minimum delay by detecting inactive nodes during
the transmission.

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are

employed for either continuous monitoring or event
detection in the target area of interest. In event-driven
applications, it is critical to report the detected events in
the area and with sudden bursts of traffic possible due to
spatially-correlated events or multiple events, the data
loss due to congestion will result in information loss or
delayed arrival of the sensed information. Congestion
control techniques detect congestion and attempt to
recover from packet losses due to congestion, but they
cannot eliminate or prevent the occurrence of congestion.
Congestion avoidance techniques employ proactive
measures to alleviate future congestion using parameters
like queue length, hop count, channel conditions, and
priority index. However, maintaining and processing
such information becomes a significant overhead for the
sensor nodes and degrades the performance of the
network. This paper propose a congestion avoidance
quick detection technique (QDT) that uses the queue
buffer length of the sensor nodes to estimate the
congestion and diffuse traffic to provide a congestionfree routing path towards the base station. This protocol
provides event reporting, packet delivery ratio, by
dynamically diffusing the traffic in the network using
multiple forwarders in addition to backup forwarding.
Results show that our protocol significantly improves
event reporting in terms of packet delivery ratio by
avoiding congestion while diffusing the traffic
effectively.

1.1 Congestion in WSN

Keywords: Wireless sensor network, node detection

algorithm, reducing congestion.

Congestion is prejudicial to wireless device

networks as a result of it lowers the out turn of the
network by dropping a lot of packets containing
crucial perceived info and reduces the time period
of the network as a result of weakened energy
efficiency at every device node, particularly for
spatially-correlated events. With the buer of
the device nodes close to full, there will invariably
be trac at the node for the information packets, w
hich ends in exaggerated rivalry, exaggerated retran
smissions weakened packet delivery magnitude rela
tions, wireless device networks as a result of it
lowers the outturn of the network by dropping a lot

I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor network is an emerging
technology in research field; it is used to monitor
health condition, temperature also used in military
application, home applications, etc. Wireless
sensors are also used in forest fire detection,
inventory control, energy management, and so on.
There are thousands of nodes are being
interconnected with one another the control station
collects all data from each node and transmits the

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of packets
containing crucial perceived info and
reduces the time period of the network as a result
of weakened energy eciency at every device
node, and exaggerated energy consumption. In
event-driven
applications, once there's an abrupt
increase within the trac, congestion would
degrade the performance of the network by the
loss of the event packets or the delayed arrival of
the packets to the sink. Congestion control is not
solely necessary to enhance the general outturn
however additionally to elongate the network time
period and improve the end-to-end outturn, referred
to as accuracy level, by avoiding the packet loss as
a result of congestion. Congestion being one
among the largest problems for a device network,
needs to be avoided to enhance the Quality of
Service (QoS) in terms of outturn, packet delivery
ratio, latency, and energy eciency. Congestion
management in WSN has been wide concerning
police investigation the congestion within the
network and dominant the congestion by adjusting
the speed of the input traffic or prioritization of the
info packets or load equalization among the device
nodes. The trac within the network is adjusted
either hop-by-hop, at every device node, end to end
rate adjustment at the supply nodes wherever the
trac is generated. While congestion management
concentrates on sanctioning the network to live
through packet loss due to the prevalence of
congestion. Congestion rejection detects early cong
estion or estimates for the congestion within
the network and tries to forestall its prevalence. For
example, in associate event-based approach,
appropriate congestion rejection mechanism might
help to sight the approaching congestion and react
to matters before the particular collapse takes
place. Congestion rejection is that the core thought
for this paper model to proactively determine and
alleviate congestion within the network and change
the network to handle the longer term traffic.

Fetch Quickly. Akoijam Premita [4] et al. discussed

on power efficient energy aware routing protocol
for wireless sensor networks which occupied less
energy and reduced the end to end delay.
Jayachandran [5] et al. explained fast data
collection with reduced interference and increased
life time they improved packet delivery ratio and
saved the energy of the each node. Abhay Raman
[6] et al. minimized the delay and maximized the
life time of the network by reducing the delay from
source to destination. Hao-Li Wang [7] et al.
enhanced the scheme for quality of service was
used to detect the inactive node bandwidth and
energy. Navneet Kaur [8] elaborated load balancing
technique in sensor network to distribute the
packets it reduces packet loss. M. Vijayalakshmi et
al., [9] proposed Clustering and Prediction
techniques, which use temporal correlation among
the sensor data, provide a chance for reducing the
energy consumption of continuous sensor data
collection. Thus it can achieve stability and
prolongs network lifetime. G.Srinivasan et al., [10]
analyzed in WSN congestion detection and
congestion control is the major research areas. It is
important to design protocols for controlling
congestion.
Parveen Yadav et al.,[11] proposed new cluster
based security architecture which starts from the
initialization of the network. Safe path is not
shortest but next alternative shortest path in mobile
ad hoc network. R.Sumathi et al., [12] surveyed
QoS Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor
Networks. Many QoS issues are focused in their
work. The performance comparison of QoS based
routing protocols such as SAR, MMSPEED,
MCMP, MCBR, and EQSR has also been
analyzed.

III. PROPOSED WORK

Inactive node
Inactive nodes are trying to get many benefits
from the network to occupy battery or bandwidth.
An inactive node might not send the data Packets in
a proper way. An inactive node can do any of the
possible attack in the sensor network.

II. RELATED WORK

Chieh-Yih Wan [1] et al. proposed a technique
Congestion detection and avoidance in sensor
networks significantly improves the performance of
data dissemination applications such as directed
diffusion by mitigating hotspots, and reducing the
energy tax with low fidelity penalty on sensing
applications. Sivapuja Srikanth Babu [2] et al.
investigated that jamming avoidance for video
traffic in wireless sensor networks they reduced
packet drops at intermediate node. Further the cost
of retransmission of dropped packets was significa
ntly reduced. Pooja sharma [3] et al. tried to
prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network by
congestion avoidance techniques. The techniques
included congestion detection and avoidance,
Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport, Pump Slowly,

It turns off the power when it does not

have the communication with other nodes
It may not forward the packets to the exact
destination node from source node
Inactive nodes are sending some packets
and drop other packets.
Techniques to properly cope with inactive
replication allocation approach perform
traditional cooperative technique in terms of
accessibility, cost and minimum delay.

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IV. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

Process Send Request

The network is loaded such trac

converges towards the bottom station from
dierent
directions.
Trac
from
these
sources are sent at dierent rates. Table 1 show
with backup forwarder and while not backup
forwarder. Once backup forwarding utilized,
additional packets are received in very shorter
length than while exploitation backup. Though the
packets get diused through backup forwarders, the
delay is less; as a result of the time taken for the
packets to achieve the bottom station through
backup forwarder is a smaller amount than the wait
time for the potential forwarders once their queues
are full.
Table 1: Backup forwarder

Checks for the available route

Is route
available?

Yes

No

Forward
Message

Save message in
buffer & initiate
route request

Without Backup

Stop

Figure 1: Flowchart of QDT function

When data transmitted, it does not forward the
reply request on the reverse route. The proposed
algorithm will detect and solve the problem of
inactive node over wireless sensor network we
develop a quick detection algorithm that considers
partial greediness and new replication allocation.

With Backup

No. Of
Packets
Sent

No. Of
Packets
Received

Delay
(Secs)

No. Of
Packets
Received

Delay
(Secs)

1500
2250
4500

1015
1555
2791

0.16
0.18
0.20

1302
1872
3171

0.14
0.15
0.12

The trac diusion approach to

proactively avoiding congestion at the nodes makes
our protocol deliver a lot of packets even with a
high trac hundreds.
In our proposed method, though every
supply transmits a 100Kbps towards the bottom
station, the speed controller at every node adjusts
the packet loss rate at every hop level and reduces
the particular packets generated.

Step 1: Initiate the process to send the packets

Step 2: Identified the number of nodes and
establish connection with each node
Step 3: Checks for the available route in the path
Step 4: If the route is available forward message to
the other node
{
Select the path which is congestion free
}
Else if (Save message in buffer & initiate
route request)
{
Select the alternative path
}
Else (select the other paths which is
available)
Step 5: If active node becomes as inactive node
find the inactive node and correct the node
error and retransmits the packet again
from buffer itself
Step 6: Repeat the step until selects the path
Step 7: Stop to search

40000
30000
CTR

20000

QDA

10000
0

Figure 2: No. of packets delivered

V. CONCLUSION
This paper introduced quick detection
algorithm aims to reduce the congestion level and
minimum delay to enhance the network
performance. This has been achieved by finding
out inactive node which is present during the
transmission. If there is any error occurred with
inactive node it find and modify the error and send
the data to next node from current node itself. Thus

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Journal of Mobile and Wireless Communications,

Volume 4, 2013, pp. 174-181.

proposed algorithm can maintain with minimized

congestion level among nodes in a sensor network
and prolong the network life time and reduce the
service disturbance. In wireless sensor network
many algorithms have been used which have lot of
advantages over other algorithms. Since quick
detection algorithm add more nodes of other
algorithm. By this method we can improve the QoS
of WSN and reduce the congestion of the
information and increase the range of sensor nodes.

[10] G.Srinivasan and S.Murugappan, A survey of

congestion control techniques in wireless Sensor
networks, International Journal of Information
Technology and Knowledge Management, Volume 4,
No.2, 2011, pp. 413-415.
[11] Parveen Yadav and Harish Saini, An Alternative
Path Routing Scheme for Intrusion Prevention in
Wireless Network, International Journal of Engineering
and Innovative Technology, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2012, pp.
248-251.

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