SOME OF THE OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SAFE

STORAGE

Training manual for primary school teachers

Developed by: J. Munkhtsetseg, teacher, Oyunii Undraa Complex School

Reviewed by: A. Enkhtogtokh, Teacher Development Center

SOME OF THE OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SAFE

STORAGE

1. Introduction
1.1 Goals and objectives
1.2 Knowledge, attitude, skills
1.3 Methodology

2. Water and health

2.1 Why children and adults get sick?
2.2 A simple way to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases is to
improve water quality and protect water sources
3. Water sources
3.1 Where does your school, household get water from?
3.2 What kind of pollutants exist nearby water collection points?
4. Safe drinking water
4.1 Preventing from water contamination during collection, transport and
storage
5. How to treat water at school and household level?
5.1 Water treatment methods: sedimentation, filtering and boiling
5.2 How to prevent from water recontamination?
6. Improving health conditions
6.1 Sanitation of school and household water collection and storage
containers
6.2 Washing hands before water collection and drinking
6.3 Cleaning and disinfection of childrens water bottle
7. Drinking water consumption at school and household levels
7.1 How much water you need to drink daily at school and at home?

8. School environment, facilities

8.1 What can you do to keep your school and living area clean?
8.2 Create favorable environment for maintaining good hygiene practice
and drinking safe water at school
8.3 Developing daily routine and changing behavior
8.4 How schools should create favorable environment for treating drinking
water?
8.5 Cleaning and disinfecting water storage containers at school and
kindergarten
8.6 Schools should build special area for maintaining good hygiene
including instruction of proper hand washing and soap stand
8.7 Keep hygiene facilities far from water sources

1.1 GOAL
Goal of this manual is to help primary school students develop necessary
skills to maintain good hygiene practices, develop skills needed to access, use and
maintain safe drinking water. Moreover, it aims to induce behavioral change for
students and their family members.
OBJECTIVES
Develop the knowledge, attitudes and skills students need for consuming safe
drinking water
Promote good personal hygiene and maintain general cleanness
Learn simple methods for treatment and storage of drinking water, and to use
these methods on daily basis
Understand the importance of consuming safe drinking water and develop
skills needed to access, use and maintain safe water
1.2 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND SKILLS ESSENTIAL FOR STUDENTS

Water is essential for life

Water scarcity, access to safe water
Interconnectedness of water-borne diseases
Promoting personal hygiene
Ways to prevent from infectious diseases
Simple methods of water treatment
Ways to prevent from water contamination during transport and through
inaccurate storage
Proper use of safe drinking water
Opportunities to keep school environment clean

ATTITUDES, SKILLS
Drink 1.5- 2 liters of water per day
Treating water at home
Wash your hands regularly and right
Use soap and other cleaning product correctly when washing hands
Children should use own water bottles
Keep water bottles clean and hygienic at all times
Storing drinking water safely at home
Preventing from water contamination during transport
Influencing other members of the householder to develop proper water use
behavior
Keep water sources (river, lake, spring, well) clean and prevent from
contamination

EVALUATION- student self- assessment, verbal evaluation, place names in the

appreciation corner, appraisal of students ability to encourage/inspire others and
etc.

1.3 METHODOLOGY
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
Teacher should give students information about safe drinking water using
different teaching methods e.g. explanation, discussion, visual demonstration, and
raising an issue.
2. PRACTICE
To organize exercises, field trips, conduct experiments, promote team works in order
to verify students knowledge and skills obtained.
STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/
Students will do self- evaluation to check what they have understood and
what have not / if yes, if unsure, if no/- draw or put sticker.
Teacher will observe students skills and attitudes and will verbally evaluate them or
will evaluate through the appreciation corner.
STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE THIS
This section will include behavioral change items that are important for students
everyday lives. Students need to keep in mind the saying Success comes through
hard work. They need to act in a responsible way to maintain good health through
behavioral change and skills development.

2. WATER AND HEALTH

TOPIC: 2.1 WHY CHILDREN AND ADULTS GET SICK?

Essential skills to develop

Make students understand that there is no life without water
Understand the importance of water in human life, and become supporter of
safe drinking water
Develop skills to identify problems related to water shortage/scarcity
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
Value of water
Water is a precious resource and essential to human life that cannot be replaced by
anything else. Water is a tremendously valuable and scarce resource as we cannot
make it artificially. There is no life without water.
About 97.5 percent of Earths water is stored in the ocean and is not usable
because it is saline; only 2.5 percent is fresh water.
Waterborne diseases are often caused due to lack of access to safe drinking
water, sanitation facilities and poor hygiene practice.
What is safe and clean water?
Safe and clean water is drinking water that is not contaminated by bacteria and other
types of pollutants. Nature cannot survive without water.
How long can humans survive without water?

What percentage of the human body is water?

Fetus

Infant

Teenage

Old age

People can survive 72 hours without water. In fact, primary cause of aging of
humans and animals is reduction of water in the human body

What happens when human body lacks water?

If you lose 10% of your body
weight in water: Your body will
lose heat balance. Cells in your
body will start to break

If you lose 1% of your

body weight in water:
Get thirsty

If you lose 11% of your

body weight in water:
Lead to a decline in
metabolism and will
require a medical
emergency

If you lose 2% of your body

weight in water: You will feel
tired and will lose appetite. Also
your performance will be
decreased by up to 20%

If you lose 6% of your body weight in

water: Your facial skin will change its
color and you will lose your ability to
manage your moves

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Discuss the importance of water and ask students to write a memo or may ask them
to draw a picture depending on age
Memo:
1............................................................
2.............................................................
3.............................................................

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/

Question
Yes

1
2

Unsure

Dont
know

If answered
yes, please
write down

Does human body contain water?

How much?
What are the main symptoms of
water deficiency in human body?
Please name them
Can you tell whether the water is safe
to drink?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE THIS

Will avoid from drinking lemonade and other drinks every time I feel thirsty
Will drink water every day and regularly
Will drink safe water

TOPIC: 2.2 WAYS TO PREVENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES IS TO IMPROVE

WATER QUALITY AND PROTECT WATER SOURCES

Essential skills to develop

Unsafe /polluted/ water is dangerous for human health
To know about infectious diseases and their routes of transmission
To learn about possible ways to prevent from waterborne diseases and to
become a safe water supporter
To learn about water related illnesses and potential ways to prevent from them
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
Water related illnesses
Unprotected water sources, polluted water containers and dirty hands easily
contaminate water. Perfectly clear and tasteless water can cause illness in humans.
Water contains microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses that are not visible to
human eyes. Drinking contaminated water can cause illness.

Unsafe water storage

Diarrhea

Contaminated drinking water

Disease

Cloudy or slightly off-color water may be dangerous, but perfectly clear water can

also be contaminated. Colorless, odorless, and perfectly clear water may not
necessarily be safe.
Safe water is water that is free of microorganism such as bacteria and viruses, and
not contaminated by other hazardous chemicals.
Unprotected water sources, polluted water containers and dirty hands easily
contaminate water. Perfectly clear and tasteless water can cause illness in humans.
What is intestinal infectious disease?
Infectious disease is caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not visible to
human eyes.
Intestinal infectious diseases include:
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Hepatitis
Causes of intestinal infectious diseases

Drinking from unreliable water sources

Drinking water contaminated with dung,

bacteria, viruses and parasites

Poor hygiene and sanitation practices

Storing water in unhygienic environment

Using water containers and bucket without

washing hands

Routes of transmission of intestinal infectious diseases:

Dirty hands
Contaminated water and food
Contaminated soil
Flies and other insects

Prevention measures against intestinal parasitic infections:

Improving public water provision and public sanitation facilities and developing
hygiene behaviors for you and for your kids is essential for preventing intestinal
infectious diseases.
Wash hands properly and frequently. Keep your hands and nails clean,
always clean underneath your nails.
Always boil the water before drinking
Clean and disinfect water collection and storage containers on weekly basis
Protect water sources; collect water from reliable source
Do not urinate and pour dirty water outside
Safely disposing human waste (need to consider this when disposing waste of
children and people infected by intestinal parasitic infections)
Do not buy food products from unreliable markets
Wash fruits and vegetables before consuming
STEP 2. EXERCISE
Divide students into 4 groups
1. Give each group a poster that displays routes of transmission of intestinal
infectious diseases and ask students to write down all possible routes of
transmission
For example: human waste- fingers-mouth
2. What other routes of transmission for parasites from human waste-to-mouth?

Fingers

Flies

Food
Wheat farm
Human waste

Drink

Is it possible not to get infected by illnesses?

Give picture cards to each group. Choose picture cards that show opportunities
not to be infected and explain it to other groups. For example: This child is
washing his hand properly, therefore, he has a chance not getting infected
/Pictures below can be used/.

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/

Question
If yes

1
2

If unsure

Do know about intestinal

infectious diseases?
Can name routes of
transmission of intestinal
infectious diseases?
Can you name ways to prevent
from intestinal infectious
diseases?
Can you explain prevention
measures to your friends or
parents?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE THIS

Will not urinate outside

Will store water in a clean and safe container
Will wash my hands regularly
Will boil the water before drinking

Dont know

If answered yes,
please write down

3. WATER SOURCES
3.1 WHERE DO YOUR SCHOOL AND HOUSEHOLD COLLECT WATER FROM?

Essential knowledge and skills to develop

To know lakes, rivers, springs and wells located in the proximity

Explain what is water source
Where do people get drinking water from?
Develop skills needed to access, use and maintain safe water

STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING

Where do your school and household get water from?

River

Pond

Protected well

Lake

Rain

Spring

Above are our water sources

What water sources do you use when collecting water for school and household
use?
- Do you know other water sources? Please name.
- What do you think are these water sources safe?
What is safe and reliable water source?
Which one is the right water source?

Protected well

River, Lake

Transport water

What is a protected well?

Protected dug well is a dug well that is protected from runoff water by a well
lining or casing built by concrete and rocks.
Hand dug wells should always be fully covered to protect from pollution
caused by livestock and other animals.
Hygiene zone 30-50m, protection zone 100m /picture/
It is prohibited to contaminate the protection zone with chemicals, fertilizers
and petroleum. Also it is prohibited to build toilet, disposal point, livestock barn
and waste disposal hole within the protection zone.
How to protect surrounding area, if you collect water from rivers and lakes?
To build fences around water collection points to prevent from livestock and
animals
To prohibit disposal of chemicals, fertilizers and petroleum nearby water
collection points. Also prohibit building toilet, liquid waste disposal point,
livestock barn and other solid waste disposal points in the proximity.
How to protect springs and streams?
In order to protect streams and springs from exposing to outside pollution, it is
necessary to build fences around it and set up protection zone.
Runoff water near springs and streams should be removed from the water sources
through channels and can be used for watering vegetable farms or for tree planting.
Another option is to dig a hole in a place that has sands and gravel and leave the
water to be absorbed. This will prevent from flies and mosquitos increasing, also it
can help keep animals away from the spring.

In order to protect surrounding areas of springs and streams, it is important to plant

trees and bushes and restore areas affected by soil erosion. This will also help
maintain the water level.
STEP 2. EXERCISE
Please name images below and tick () the ones that are safe

Why did you choose this source of water? Please explain

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/
Question
Yes

2
3

Unsure

Dont
know

If answered
yes, please
write down

Can you name water sources

available in your soum (lake, river,
springs and streams)?
Is your water source located far
away? Have you ever been there?
Do you think your water collection
point/ water source is safe? Why?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE THIS

Will collect water from safe sources
Will not dispose waste near rivers, lakes, springs and streams
Will cover wells and close fence gates to protect dug wells from livestock and
animals ?
3.2

Essentials skills to develop

Pay attention on the safety of water sources
Learn methods for preventing water pollution
Learn to keep surrounding areas of rivers, lakes, dug wells, springs and
streams safe and clean
Participate in activities to keep their surrounding areas safe and clean

STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING

What is water pollution?
Have you ever seen waste floating on the surface of lakes and rivers? And have you
ever thought what that is? Where did it get from? If yes, then that is water pollution.
Water pollution is contamination of water bodies by pollutants that are
discharged into water. Sometimes, water pollution is highly visible and it is often
caused by waste /paper, plastic bag, plastic bottles, clothes, shoes and etc./ that
we/humans dispose into water.

Moreover, water is often contaminated by human waste and animal dung. Also it is
affected by improper human activities, flooding, heavy rain, and wind storm.
If water is polluted by chemicals, bacteria and viruses that are not visible to human
eyes, then it is even more dangerous.
We pollute water every day by our activities starting from washing hands and
cleaning plates.
How water gets polluted?

Unprotected water source

Uncovered collection container

Storage in the home

A long ago, Mongolians traditionally prohibited to put milk and dairy products
and blood into rivers and springs. Moreover, prohibited to collect water using dippers
with milk. It was also banned to dispose of garbage and died animals nearby rivers
and streams. It was forbidden to wash clothes in the river flow and watered livestock
and animals far away from the river. Furthermore, Mongolians never cut trees and
bushes along the river watershed preventing water level reduction.

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Which one will pollute water source?

Waste

Livestock, pets

Human waste

Forest
Birds
What other pollutants exist?
Please name them, or draw them
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS /EVALUATION/
Question
If yes

1
2

If unsure

Dont
know

If answered yes,
please write
down

Why water gets unsafe for drinking?

What kind of water sources are
there? What is the quality of water of
these sources?
Have your soum residents ever
cleaned surrounding areas of rivers,
lakes and springs?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE THIS

Will collect water from safe sources
Will participate in the activities dedicated to cleaning areas around rivers, lakes and
springs
Will collect water in a clean and covered container

4. SAFE DRINKING WATER

TOPIC- 4.1 PREVENTING FROM WATER POLLUTION DURING COLLECTION,
TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

Essential skills to develop

Learn to keep water free from pollution during collection, transport and
storage
Change peoples behavior associated with improper water use and
inappropriate hygiene practices
Teach methods to improve water quality and storage
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
How does water get polluted at home?
Common source of water pollution is water container. Water gets polluted during
transport and storage, obviously there are many other reasons including:
During water transport:

When collect and

uncovered
exposed
to
animal effects and

transport water in an
container,
water
is
pollution
from
dust,
dirty hands

Water container contamination:

Polluted water collection and
container
Uncovered water container
No water dipper

storage

Not washing hands before water collection

and food preparation

Storing water for long period

How to properly collect and store water for school and household use? What
kind of container do you use for water collection?

Need to use wideneck water

containers for easier
cleaning

Transport water collected

sources in a covered container

from

protected

To use different containers for water transport

and storage

To put water storage container in a cool place out

of sunlight, also keep it far from pets
Water storage container should be of size
sufficient to provide 3 day water supply of the household
Should have water dipper with hanger

Not to put unhygienic dipper and dirty hands into drinking

water

How often do you clean and disinfect your water containers?

What happens when water containers are not disinfected?
What types of containers are appropriate for water storage?

However, plastic containers are easy to use and are not fragile; we need to be

aware of chemicals used in making these containers that may affect the water
quality. Therefore, we need to carefully check recycling signs placed on the plastic
containers.
In 1988, plastics were coded and categorized into following categories.
Symbol with the chasing arrows is used in coding, below the symbol you can see a
number from 1-7 and in the bottom there is a special note about materials used for
making the plastic.
Coding

Name
Polyethylene
Terephthalate

Characteristics
Good
ability
to
separate
gas
and
humidity. Resistant to
heat

Use
Used to make bottles for
lemonades,
water,
beer,
peanut butter, salads, juices
and vegetable oils

High
density Very safe and do not Used for making containers
loose its form
for milk and water, also used
Polyethylene
to make plastic bags

Polyvinil Chloride- Hard, unbending, can Used for making containers

physically
and be easily shaped
for glass cleaner, detergents,
electronically
shampoo. Also used electrical
steady
cable insulation

Low
density Very heavy plastic Used to make plastic cling
Polyethylene
that tends to be both wrap, sandwich bags, carpet,
durable and flexible
films, and equipment spare
parts
Polypropylene
resistant to heat

This type of plastic is

strong and usually
withstand
higher
temperatures
and
flexible
Polystyrene- melts Flexible, good at
at low temperature separating heat

Used to make yogurt boxes,

syrup bottles, prescription
bottles, toothbrushes, ice
scrapers and tires.
Used to make plastic cutlery,
egg boxes, compact discs,
and packing foam

Polycarbonate and Forms Bysphenol A, a This plastics used to make

polylactide
are harmful
chemical containers
for
storing
included in this compound
chemicals
category

Plastics with coding number 1, 2, 4, 5 are least harmful to human health.

Plastics with numbers 3, 6, 7 should never be used as food containers or are
dangerous.
If the container has coding number 1, 2, 4 and 5, then it can be used for water
storage. But plastic containers should never be heated or used for containing hot
liquids.
Water cannot be stored in the containers shown below.
-

Containers without cover or that cannot be fully covered

Glass container or other types of fragile containers

Containers with small neck that is hard to clean

Containers that previously used for storing hazardous
substances
Plastic milk containers
Barrel \\

Plastic container, barrel made by Polycarbonate with recycling code

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Observe pictures below and tick () the picture that shows right activities

Why do you think it is right? Please write down

......................................................................................................................................

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/

Question
If yes

Is your water container covered?

Are there different containers

used for water collection and
storage at your school and
home?
Can you tell whether the water is
contaminated or not? Why water
gets contaminated? Please write
down
Do you know proper ways to
collect and store water? Please
name one

Is unsure

Dont
know

If answered yes,
please write down

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will collect water in a covered container

Will store water in hygienic environment out of sunlight
HOW
TREAT
SCHOOL
AND water
AT HOME?
Will5.clean
andTO
disinfect
theWATER
containerAT
every
time I collect
Will use clean water dipper
Will wash my hands before touching the water container

TOPIC 5.1: FILTERING AND BOILING WATER

Essential skills to develop
To disinfect water on daily basis through filtering and boiling
Avoid drinking raw water

STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING

Do you disinfect water at home before using? How do you disinfect water?
Sometimes water collected from rivers and springs contain small pieces of sand,
stones, how do you clean water?
Simple water disinfecting techniques:
1. Sedimentation: Leave water collected from river to
stay for a while.

Intensively mix the water and then put an item underneath

the bucket to make one side higher.

W hen sedimentation is done lift the bucket up.

And

pour the water into another bucket.

2. Filtering:
Filter water through 2 -3 layers of cloth at school and
home.
If the water is cloudy or slightly off -color due to fine sands
and
other pollution, need to use a cloth to filter waters insects, and
other small pieces of pollution.

If the after filtering the water by cloth, the cloth

gets dirty it means the cloth is working well.

After filtering, wash and dry the cloth

Cloth filtering cannot remove all contamination,

therefore, it is imp ortant to use other water treatment methods at
home.
Can you drink river water directly after cloth filtering? W hy?
W e have filtered only visible pollutants /contamination. How to disinfect
invisible viruses and bacteria ?

Water treatment methods that can be used at home?

1.

Boiling:

The most common water treatment method is to boil

the water.
If vapor starts coming in the boiling process it is call
low boiling. If boiled for three minutes until formation
of bubbles it is called heavy boiling.

Filtered water should be boiled in an uncovered pot

and stored in a covered pot in a cool place.

W ater collected from unsafe water sources

should be boiled for 30 minutes.
Advantages of w ater boiling :

Parasites contained in the water die

in the boiling process.
This is a common and easy method for water treatment

Disadvantages of w ater boiling

W ater turbidity will not be reduced after boiling

 Boiled water should be safely stored and used within 8 hours

Boiling weakens water taste, therefore, water should be shacked
or small amount of salt added into water

Using w ater purifiers

Purifier f ilters should
regular basis.

be

changed

on

3. Ways to use snow and ice w ater

The upper layer of snow contain the least amount of water and it
may be contaminated.
To remove upper layer of snow and collect snow from lower parts in the
pot.
Put collected snow in a pot and
warm it by adding the snow small by
small
After all the snow is melted, pick
up visible items floating on the water
and then leave it to stay for a while.
Then filter the water using cloth
and boil before use .

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Materials: Clean glass container, cloth, w ater
Divide students into 3 -4 groups and ask them to practice water tungaah
and filtering.
Before starting the exercise, ask students to write down what order to
follow
1..........................................
2..........................................
3............................................
4............ ...............................
W hat changed after water is filtered?
W hat happened to cloth used for filtering?
How do you know whether it is well filtered or not?
Ask students to write a conclusion

Explain about water boiling method and show materials needed (water,
pot for water boiling - kettle, automatic boiler)
Boil the water for about 1 minute until bubbles start to appear.
Moreover, if using an automatic boiler, explain what light appears when
the water is boiling and what color appears when it is done.
Attention:
Teacher should demonstrate and manage the water boiling process in
order to ensure safety.
At home, water should be boiled with the help and supervision of an
adult.
STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/
If answered yes,
please write down

Question
If yes
1

Can you identify water pollution?

Can you treat visible water

pollution? How to treat it?
Do you know about water
treatment methods? Please write
down
Do you know the importance of
treating
the
water
before
drinking? Please write down

If unsure Dont
know

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will collect
from
safe and reliable sources
:5.2
water

?
Will always boil water before consuming
Will avoid drinking raw/uncooked water

Regularly implement measures to prevent from water recontamination

Maintain cleanness of surrounding areas and manage good personal hygiene.
Clean water containers and water dipper on regular basis.

STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING

Can our drinking water be re-contaminated at home and school?
What is the potential contamination source?
How to protect water from re-contamination?
Water container has to be covered
Wash hands before touching water container
Clean and disinfect water container on weekly basis
To have a water dipper only used for water collection
Store water in a covered container in a cool place
Always keep water storage containers covered

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Pour water into clean and unclean glasses and cover both glasses

Pour water into unclean glass and cover it

Pour water into clean glass and cover it

Pour water into clean and unclean glasses and uncover both glasses. Will water be
contaminated?

Pour water into unclean glass and uncover it

Pour water into clean glass and uncover it

Discuss after certain period of time.

Which one is more polluted and why?
Teacher may ask students to write a memo on steps to follow in order to prevent
from water pollution.
Memo can be written or drawn depending on age categories of students

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/

Question

If answered yes,
please write down
If yes

2
3

If
unsure

Dont
know

Do know about measures to

prevent
from
water
recontamination
Do you often cover your water
container?
Do wash your hands before
collecting water?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will always clean and disinfect water container

Will always wash hands before collecting water
Will always cover water storage container after use

6. IMPROVING HYGIENE PRACTICES

TOPIC: 6.1 HYGIENE OF WATER COLLECTION AND STORAGE CONTAINERS
USED AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME
Essential skills to develop
Recognize the importance of clean container in protecting water from
contamination
To know disinfection methods for cleaning water containers
Properly clean and disinfect water containers
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
How do water collection and storage containers get polluted?
How to keep water containers free from pollution/contamination?
How do you clean and disinfect water containers?
Disinfecting methods for cleaning of water collection and storage containers:
Always clean and disinfect container before water collection
If water container is not cleaned and disinfected for long periods of time, the
container will be covered with coating that enables growth of viruses, bacteria and
parasites. Therefore, it is important to disinfect water containers on weekly basis

following instructions below:

Wash hands before cleaning water collection and storage containers.
Why do you think it is important to wash hands?
Empty water storage container and rinse with
water
Thoroughly wash inside of the container using
dishwashing liquid
Rinse with water
Dry the container using cloth and put in the
sunlight for 15-20 minutes. Be sure to put the container
far from livestock

Dishwashing liquid fairy only dissolves and cleans

oil, therefore it is not the best option
Other liquids such as Trio and Pemo Lux has antibacterial effects, therefore, use these dishwashing liquids
and thoroughly rinse with water

STEP 2. EXERCISE
W hich container is most suitable for cleaning? Please tick
W hy?
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS /EVALUATION/

If answered yes,
please write down

Question
If yes
1

2
3

If unsure Dont
know

Does your family clean and

disinfect water containers at
home?
Can you clean a water
container?
Do you use dishwashing liquid?
What type of liquid do you use?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will always wash hands before cleaning water containers
Clean and disinfect water containers every time I collect water
Clean water containers weekly using anti-bacterial dishwashing liquids

TOPIC: 6.2 WASHING HANDS BEFORE DRINKING AND COLLECTING WATER

Essential skills to develop
Know about preventive measures against infections caused by dirty
hands
Maintain good personal hygiene
Wash hands in a proper way
Explain the importance of hand washing to others
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
When did you wash your hands?
Think about items you touched after washing your hands? What do you think are the
items we have touched clean?
Whose hands are clean?
Do you really think that your hands are clean?
Are there any germs and bacteria on your hands? Can you see them?

Hands are container and transmitter of germs and bacteria:

90 percent of infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms are spread by
dirty hands.
How long do germs and bacteria live on your hands skin?
Dirty hands create favorable environments for germs and bacteria. 95 percent of
bacteria on your hands is found under your fingernails.
WHEN DO YOU NEED TO WASH YOUR HANDS?
After going to toilet

After
Every

doing cleaning
time when hands get dirty

After doing any type of work

When hands get dirty \playing, travelling in the public
transport, touching livestock and animals, other\
After changing clothes
Before food preparation
Before eating or drinking
After cleaning human waste
HOW TO PROPERLY WASH YOUR HANDS?
Using soap is the best way to clean sweat, bacteria, and viruses on the skin.
Washing hands without soap is not effective.
Choosing right soaps for hand washing?

Anti- bacterial
Suitable for your skin type

 Soap bar or liquid soap

Developing good hand washing practice will help reduce infections spread by dirty
hands.
STEP 2. EXERCISE
Hand washing instruction:
1.Wet your hands
2. Use soap. Put liquid soap on your
palms
3. Lather and scrub
4. Wash between your fingers and the
top of your hands
5. Use rotational rubbing with clasped
fingers
7. Use your thumb to rub your palms
8. Use your fingers to rub your palms
9. After washing your wrist thoroughly
rinse with water
10. Dry your hands using paper cloth or
towel
11. Use towel to turn off the faucet

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS /EVALUATION/

Question
If yes
1
2

Do you regularly wash your

hands?
Do you use anti- bacterial
soap?

If unsure

Dont
know

If answered yes,
please write down

When do
hands?

you

wash

your

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will always wash hands before collecting water
Will always use soap when washing hands
Will learn to wash my hands properly in a right order

TOPIC: 6.3 CLEANING AND DISINFECTION OF CHILDRENS WATER BOTTLE

Essential skills to develop

To keep your water bottle, used for drinking water at school and at home,
clean
To know how to clean your water bottle
To clean and disinfect your water bottle properly
Every kid need to have a water bottle
STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING
Do you have a water bottle of your own?
Is your water bottle covered? Does it leak through the cover?
Why it is important for all kids to have own water bottle?
What kind of water bottle is suitable for children?

Able to contain 500ml of water

Materials used
for making the water bottle should have
following coding

Must be covered
Must have locks to prevent from leaking
Must be good quality, easy to carry with short straps
Must pour cold or warm water into the bottle (max
temperature 30C)
Never put boiled hot water
How to clean and disinfect your water bottles
Rinse your bottle with water on daily basis
Wash the neck of the bottle everyday

 Do not share your water bottle with others

Wash your bottle using dishwashing liquid once per week. Thoroughly rinse
with water and dry
Dishwashing liquid fairy only dissolves and cleans
oil

Other liquids such as Trio and Pemo Lux have

anti- bacterial effects, therefore, use these types of
dishwashing liquids and thoroughly rinse with water
You do not have dishwashing liquid, you may use a
baking soda
Wash inside of the bottle using a brush (same one that is used for washing
thermos)
Do not keep your water bottle in the sunlight (for more than an hour)
Do not put your water bottle in dirty/ unhygienic place
Do not touch neck of the bottle with dirty hands

STEP 2. EXERCISE
Ask children to write down instruction for washing water bottle and use
it to wash own water bottle at home
1...........................................
2...............................................
3..............................................
4...............................................
STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/
Question
If yes
1
2

If unsure Dont
know

How to protect water bottle from

contamination?
Do know how to clean and
disinfect your water bottle?
Please write down
Can you clean the bottle
yourself? Please share your
experience
Is it appropriate to share own
water bottle with others? Why?

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will wash neck of my water bottle every day
Will always empty and rinse the bottle before filling with water
Will always wash hands before cleaning the bottle

If answered yes,
please write down

7. USE OF DRINKING WATER AT HOME AND AT SCHOOL

TOPIC: 7.1 HOW MUCH WATER YOU NEED TO DRINK PER DAY AT YOUR
SCHOOL AND AT HOME?
Essential skills to develop

Know amount of water you need to drink at school and at home

To treat water before drinking both at school and at home and maintain good
hygiene
Regularly drink water

STEP 1. DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION SHARING

What do like to drink when you are thirsty?
How many liters of water children should drink per day?
Students should drink 500ml of water at school
Drink 1 liter water per day when you are at home,
dormitory and at school
Drink 1 liter of water per day
Avoid drinking unsafe and contaminated water

Fill in your water bottle with boiled and disinfected water

You can also drink bottled water

How to drink water?

Drinking water will reduce skin dryness and help to remove toxics from human
body. Three steps to drinking water properly.
- To gulp
- Take a breath/ take a rest
- And gulp again
Drinking water properly using these three steps will prevent stomach pain and will
help overcome thirst.

Drinking cold water when you are feeling hot can harm your body. Therefore,
keep water at room temperature before drinking.
STEP 2. EXERCISE
Monitoring sheet
How much water we have drunken. (Daily water consumption amount - 1
liter) Please mark your water consumption
Daily water consumption norm - 1liter
Month,
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
day
February
250ml
550ml
200ml
7
February
8

STEP 3. CAN YOU DO THIS? /EVALUATION/

Question

If answered yes,
please write down
If yes

Do you have a water bottle?

Do you have an opportunity to

drink water at school?
Do you drink water at home?
How much do you drink?

If
unsure

Dont
know

STEP 4. I WILL HABITUATE

Will bring boiled and disinfected water in my water bottle to school

Drink 1 liter water per day

8. SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT, FACILITIES

8.1 What can you do to maintain hygiene practices through improved and
clean school and living area?
To put garbage into waste bin
Not to urinate outside
Do not dispose liquid waste outside
Wash your hands properly, drink clean and disinfected water
Keep water storage container and water dipper clean
Store water in a covered container
Participate in public activities aimed at cleaning school and living areas
8.2 Create favorable environment for maintaining good hygiene practice and
drinking safe water at school
All kindergartens, schools and dormitories shall have water supply network
that meets national drinking water standards
Schools shall have improved water sources within 50 meters from the school
(water pipes, dug and shallow well, transport water)
For schools that transport water
Filter, boil and cool the water (30C)
Pour water into 18.9 liter capacity plastic container and install a pump on it in
order to create opportunity for all students to drink water.
Decide on number of containers taking into consideration the total number of
students. 3-5 containers may be sufficient. Put them on a table.
Children should have opportunity to drink 1 liter water per day at school and
kindergarten.
Students living in a dormitory should have opportunity to drink 2 liters of water
per day
Each student should be given 5 liters of water per day for hand washing and
other hygiene purposes. Students of schools with built in toilets should be
have access to 10 liters of water per day.
Students living in a school dormitory shall be given 20 liters of water per day
for washing hands, taking shower and other hygiene purposes.
8.3 Developing daily routine and changing behavior
Students shall have own mug or water bottle
Students shall drink 1 liter water per day at school

8.4 How schools should create favorable environment for treating drinking
water?
Test water quality twice per year
For schools that collect water from lakes and rivers:
Portable water purifier clean 125 liters of water per hour
8.5 Cleaning and disinfecting water storage containers at school and
kindergarten
Water storage containers should be safe for childrens health
Water storage containers should be cleaned weekly (both outside and
inside)
Regularly clean and disinfect water containers
Clean water containers using soap or dishwashing liquid once per month.
Then thoroughly rinse the container with cold water.
8.6 Schools should build special area for maintaining good hygiene practice
including hand washing instruction and soap stand
Schools should have one hand washing stand to be shared among 40
students
Dormitory: one hand washing stand to be shared among 30 students
To provide students with opportunity to wash their hands with warm water
at kindergartens, schools and dormitories.
Keep soap/ liquid soap available at each hand washing stands
Hand washing stands should be available and accessible for young
children and disabled children
Hand towel, hand dryer and covered waste bin shall be placed near hand
washing stand
As for dormitories with toilets located outside the building, they need to
have hand washing stands inside the building
Hand washing stands should be located near toilet, canteen or dormitory
gate.
8.7 Keep hygiene facilities far from water sources
Toilets and water disposal pipes (dirty water sources) should be located at
least 30-50 meters from unprotected or open water sources (e.g. shallow
well).