Powerworld Si̇mülasyon

ThePowerWorld Simulator
CaseEditor
I1:SimulatorCaseEditor
2014PowerWorld Corporation
Overview
Simulatorseamlesslyintegratestwofunctions
oncecommonlyseparatedinpowerflow
software:
Graphicalpowersystemcaseeditor
PowerFlowpackagewithmanyrelatedanalysis
tools:
ContingencyAnalysis,TimeStepSimulation,Sensitivity
Analysis,LossAnalysis,FaultAnalysis,OPF,PVQV,ATC,
SCOPF
Also,TransientStabilityandDistributedComputing
haverecentlybecomeavailable
StartingSimulator
Onstartup,click
File ontheribbon
toaccesstheFile
Menu
10
ModesofOperation
Thegraphicalpowersystemcaseeditorand
thepowerflowpackageareimplementedin
Simulatorstwodistinctmodes:
EditMode
RunMode
14
EditMode
Tasks
Createnewpowerflowcases
Modifyexistingcases
Abilities
Casescanbemodifiedeithergraphicallyorviatext
displays
15
RunMode
Standalonepowerflow
Powerflowanalysistoolsandsensitivities
ContingencyAnalysis
TimeStepSimulation
OptimalPowerFlow(OPF)
PVandQVCurveTools(PVQV)
AvailableTransferCapability(ATC)
SecurityConstrainedOPF(SCOPF)
SensitivityAnalysis
LossAnalysis
FaultAnalysis
TransientStability
Geomagnetically InducedCurrent(GIC)
16
EditMode
Usedtocreateanewcaseormodifyanexisting
case.
UsetheRibbonbuttonstoswitchbetween
modes.
YoucanswitchtoEditModeatjustaboutany
timeduringasimulation.
ThetoolsandtechniquesofEditModewillbe
introducedbycreatinganewpowerflowcase
andbymodifyinganexistingcase.
17
CreatingaNewCase
ClicktheFileMenu,thenselectNewCase.
ModeisautomaticallyswitchedtoEdit.
Promptedtosaveanyexistingcase.
Displaythenturnstodefaultoneline
backgroundcolor.
Casemaybebuiltbygraphicallyplacingobjects
ontheoneline.
18
Enteringabus
Clickanywhereontheoneline andselectthe
Drawribbontab.
Inordertoinsertabus,selectNetwork Bus
Selectpointonscreen.
BusOptions dialogisdisplayed
setbusnumberto1
setbusnametoONE
checkSystemSlackBus field
selectOK
19
BusOptionsDialog
Eachelectricalislandneedsaslackbusfor
powerbalance(pickupslack)
SelectOK to
savechangesAND
closethedialog
Usedtocustomize
oneline
appearance
Usedtocancelbus
2014PowerWorld Corporation insertionorchanges
20
EnteringaGenerator
SelectNetwork Generator fromtheDraw
ribbontab.
Clickondesiredbus.
GeneratorOptions dialogisdisplayed
Enter0 intheMWOutput fieldoftheMWand
VoltageControltab
MakesureAnchored boxischecked
ClickOKtoacceptdefaultvaluesofremainingfields
21
GeneratorDialog
Terminal
busnumber
andname.
Status
Cost
models
Usedto
customize
display
appearance
Voltage/reactive
powercontrol
fields
Rotor
shape
22
OnelineDiagram
23
SavingtheCase
Tosavetheworkdonesofar,selectSaveCase,
fromtheFileMenu.
Beforecaseissaved,validationisruntomake
suretherearenoerrors.
ValidationresultsaredisplayedinMessageLog
display.Toviewthemessagelog,clickonLog
buttonintheToolsribbontab
24
DefaultSaveCaseFormats
Thepowerflowcaseitselfissavedusingthe
PowerWorldBinaryformat(*.pwb).
TheonelineissavedusingthePowerWorld
Displayformat(*.pwd).
Savingtheonelineinformationinaseparate
fileallowsusing:
Multipleonelineswiththesamecase
Asingleonelinewithdifferentcases
25
EnteringaSecondBus
AgainselecttheDrawribbontab,Network Bus
ClicktotherightofthebusONE
SetbusnametoTWO
Tomodelaload,selectAttachedDevicestab,click
AddorEditBusLoad,setConstantPowerMW to200
andConstantPowerMvar to100.
SelectNetwork Loadtoenteraloadsymbol
SetOrientation toup
EnsureAnchored boxischecked
26
UndoOnelineActions
Accidentaleditsononelinediagramcanbeundone
FoundonDraw ribbontab
DoesnotworkwithCaseInformationDisplays
Doesnotaffectchangestopowerflowcase
31
EnteringaTransmissionLine
Transmissionlinesaredrawnasaseriesofline
segments
Toenteratransmissionlinebetweenbuses1and2
SelecttheDraw ribbontab,Network TransmissionLine.
Clickonbus1.Thisbeginsprocessofinsertingtheline.
Movecursortodesiredlocation,thenleftclicktoentera
segment,doubleclickonterminalbustoend.
Note:Clickinganddraggingmousewhendrawing
transmissionlinesisusuallyNOTrecommended.This
willproduceacurvedlinewithmanysegments.
34
EnteringaTransmissionLine
Afterdoubleclicking,TransmissionLine/Transformer
Options dialogisdisplayed
From andToBuses andCircuit aresetautomatically

SetSeriesResistance to0.02
SetSeriesReactance to0.08
SetShuntCharging to0.1.
SetShuntConductance to0.
SetLimitA(MVA) ratingfieldto400.
selectOK
35
TransmissionLineDialog
Terminal
busesare
usuallyset
automatically
Line
parameters
Linestatus
Simulator
allowseight
different
limits
36
TextFields
Descriptivetextfieldscanbeaddedtotheoneline by
selectingBackground TextfromtheDrawribbon
tab.
EntertextFirstCase towardstopofoneline
Tochangefontandbackgroundcoloroftextfields:
Selectthetextfield
SelecttheFormatbutton
Changethefonttoblue,26pointandthebackgroundto
white.
40
BusFields
Busfieldsshowinformationaboutbusdevices,
includingloadsandgenerators.
Fieldscanbeenteredautomatically,or
manually.ChooseFieldintheDraw ribbontab.
Canchoosetypeoffield,digitstorightandleft
ofdecimal,andwhetherornotitisanchored.
41
LineFields
Linefieldsshowinformationabout
transmissionlinesandtransformers.
Forlinefields,flowisalwaysspecifiedatan
endofthetransmissionlineortransformer.
Endisnormallydeterminedautomaticallyby
insertionpoint.
JustlikeTextFields,BusandLinefieldscanbe
formattedusingtheoptionsintheFormatting
ribbongroup.
42
SolvingtheCase
Tosolvethecase,clickonRunMode.
OnlypermittedtochangetoRunModeifthere
arenoerrors.Notethatasystemslackbus
mustbeset.
Toanimatethesimulation,gototheTools
ribbontabandselectthePlay buttoninthe
PowerFlowToolsribbongroup.
Ifnotvisible,clickonLogtoseeabackstage
viewofthepowerflowsolution.
43
CaseOptions
Tomodifyanimatedlineflows,selectthe
Onelines ribbontab Oneline Display
Options.IntheDialog:
clickontheAnimatedFlowsPage
checkShowFlowSymbols
checkUseFillColor
clickonActualMWFillColor
selectalightgreencolor
selectOK
44
InsertingPieCharts
Piechartsareusuallyautomaticallyinserted.
Formanuallyinserting,selecttheDraw ribbon
tab,Pies/Gauges LineFlowPieChart. Then
clickonthelinemidpoint.
Thepiechartsareusedtographicallyindicate
thepercentageloadingofeachline.
48
AutoFieldInsertion
ClicktheFieldPositionsTab
Typeof
fieldsbeing
modified
Clickon
Positionsto
AddorChange
FieldType
Displayed
52
Model Explorer
Encapsulates most Case Information
Displays
Provides means of navigating through
almost all of the data in the model
Available from a few places
Case Information Ribbon Tab
Tools Ribbon Tab
Quick Access Toolbar
2008 PowerWorld Corporation
I3-1
Model Explorer
Explore Pane
Recent Tabs
Options Pane
Case Information
Toolbar
Object Types
with no data
grayed-out
Note: The option available on
the Case Information right-click
local menu are now all available
on the Case Information Toolbar
directly above the display
Search Toolbar
I3-2
Case Information Displays

Case Information Displays show the power system
model data and results in tabular format
Case information displays show information about
buses
generators
lines/transformers
loads
areas, zones
and everything else
I3-9
Model Explorer:
Generator Case Information Display
I3-10
Case Information Displays

Most case information displays can be opened from the
Model Explorer
Case info displays also are integrated into many Simulator dialogs.
Case Information Features
Find, Search For Text

Sorting
Filtering
Copy/Paste to/from a spreadsheet
Column Contouring
Column Metrics
Etc
Custom Case Info Display

Show different fields, change colors
Create entire custom workbooks showing specific information
I3-11
Case Information Toolbar

Many common Case Information Display actions are
available from the Case Information Toolbar
By default, this toolbar is visible with all case information
displays
Copy, Paste, and
Find Search Text
Show Dialog
Set Decimal
Places
Auto-Size
Column
Widths
Send
Bus View
Set Field Values
Advanced
Sort
Advanced
Refresh
Filter
Geographic Data
Auxiliary
Headings,
View
File Options
Highlight
Set
Define
Key Fields,
Get
Column
Area/Zone
Expressions, etc.
etc.
Metrics, etc.
Filters
Display/Column
Options
I3-16
Advanced Filter Dialog

Type of object being filtered
Check to Limit
the Fields
available to
those which
are shown on
the case info
display
Logical
Comparator
Conditions
Click to delete a condition

I3-41
Advanced Filtering
Some objects allow the use of filters defined for
related objects
Change Select Filter Type to select/define filters for
related objects
Example: Use bus filter for nominal voltages greater
than 138 kV to filter generators
No Maximum Amount of Conditions

Choose the field, then the comparator, then the values
to compare the field to.
Fields are the same as those available for Case Info
You can optionally pre-filter using the

Area/Zone/Owner Filters
I3-42
Advanced Filter
Logical Comparison specifies the filter logic.
Comparison applies across ALL conditions
AND filter is met if ALL conditions are met

OR filter is met if ANY condition is met
NOT AND filter is NOT met if and only if ALL conditions are met
NOT OR filter is NOT met if and only if ANY condition is met
Other advanced options
Absolute value (ABS) compare for numeric conditions

Case Sensitive compare for string conditions
Field-to-field comparisons
Using another filter as a filter condition
I3-43
Field-To-Field Comparisons
Users have the option to include Field-To-Field
comparisons
Click the Find

Button to
choose another
field to
compare to
instead of a
constant value.
Check the box for Enable Field to
Field Comparisons
I3-44
Copy/Send to Excel
Dialog Occurs only if session
of Excel is already running.
Cell A1 describes
the kind of data
Row 2
describes
which fields
are being
pasted
Select existing or
new workbook
and worksheet for
sending data
For Loads, Number and ID are the key fields

I3-57
Power Flow Solution

Go to the Tools ribbon tab and select Single
Solution to resolve the power flow
equations.
Refresh the mismatch display; notice that
mismatches are again less than 0.1 MVA.
Notice that voltage magnitude has remained
fixed at the generator buses. This is
because they are being modeled as PV
buses.
I7-10
Simulator Options:
Power Flow Solution Page
To customize the power flow solution, go to the
Options ribbon tab and select Simulator Options
Power Flow Solution page
This will open

to the Common
Options tab by
default
I7-11
Simulator Options:
Common Options Tab
MVA Convergence Tolerance
the tolerance for the inner power flow loop
Must be larger than zero
Maximum Number of Iterations

the maximum iterations for the inner power flow loop
Do only one iteration

Same as setting Maximum Number of Iterations to 1.
Disable Automatic Generation Control (AGC)

disables enforcement of MW interchange for entire
case.
I7-12
Simulator Options:
Common Options Tab
Unchecking Enforce Generator MW Limits
means generator MW limits are not enforced
Gen MVAR Limits
Disable Checking means generator MVAR limits
are not enforced
Check immediately means the MVAR limits are
checked and handled first before a solution iteration
is run
I7-13
Simulator Options:
Common Options Tab
Disable Switched Shunt Control (affects entire case)
Disable LTC Transformer Control (affects entire
case)
Disable Phase Shifter Control (affects entire case)
Transformer Stepping Methodology
Coordinated Sensitivities looks at all transformers that are
out-of-range and coordinates the movement to bring all
back within regulation range
Self-Sensitivity Only looks at each transformer
individually and determines the sensitivity of its regulated
value with respect to changing its own tap or phase only
I7-14
Simulator Options:
Common Options Tab
Prevent Controller Oscillations
keeps controlled devices from continually switching
between two control states for the entire case
Maximum Number of Controller Loop Iterations

The voltage control loop will be limited to this many
iterations
I7-15
Simulator Options:
Advanced Options Tab
I7-16
Simulator Options:
Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topology is
changes (Allow Multiple Islands)
If a single island is split into two islands (by opening lines),
then a new slack bus is chosen (generator with the largest MW
limit is chosen)
Post Power Flow Solution Actions

Allow you to define a list of conditional actions (much like a
contingency definition) which occur at the end of EVERY
power flow solution.
An example would be loads that are automatically taken out of
service when the voltage drops too low.
I7-17
Simulator Options:
Disable Power Flow Optimal Multiplier
The optimal multiplier is a mathematically calculated step size
for Newtons Method that prevents the mismatch equations
from increasing between iterations.
Initialize From Flat Start Values always starts power

flow solutions with voltages at 1.0 per unit and angles
equal to the slack bus angle (not recommended)
Minimum Per Unit Voltage for Constant Power Loads
and Constant Current Loads
At voltages less than the defined values, the constant power
and constant current loads will be reduced
To disable either of these features, set the values to 0
I7-18
Simulator Options:
Disable Treating Continuous SSs as PV Buses
Continuous switched shunts are normally treated as buses with
fixed power and voltage inside the inner power flow loop.
Disable Balancing of Parallel LTC taps

Parallel LTC taps normally have their tap values synchronized
to prevent circulating Var flow.
Model Phase Shifters as Discrete Controls

Phase shifters will switch tap positions discretely based on the
tap step size
Min. Sensitivity for LTC Control

Transformers with a sensitivity lower than this will be
disabled.
I7-19
Simulator Options:
Disable Angle Rotation Processing
Voltage angles are rotated so that the angle range in an island is
equally spaced around zero degrees if any angles fall outside +/- 160
degrees
Sharing of generator vars across groups of buses

Allocate across buses using the user-specified remote regulation
percentages
Allocate so all generators are at same relative point in their
[min..max] var range
Allocate across buses using the SUM OF user-specified remote
regulation percentages
Options for Areas on Economic Dispatch

Include Loss Penalty Factors in ED will consider losses in
determining the dispatch
Enforce Convex Cost Curves in ED will turn units that are operating
outside the convex portion of their cost curve off automatic control
I7-20
Simulator Options:
General Tab
I7-26
Simulator Options:
General Tab
Assumed MVA Per Unit Base
MVA base used for the entire case
Default is 100 MVA
Monitor/Enforce Contingent Interface Elements

Determine when the impact of contingent interface
elements should be calculated
Bus Loss Sensitivity Function

Discussed when we go over sensitivities in the
Sensitivity Training section
I7-27
Simulator Options:
Storage Tab
I7-28
Islands - Defined
Often times power system consists of a single
interconnected system operating in synchronism
However sometimes multiple systems exist that are
either unconnected, or connected only through DC
transmission lines.
Such systems operate asynchronous with one another
and are called Islands.
Each island must have a slack bus. Check Allow
Multiple Islands.
I7-29
Multiple Islands in Simulator

Go to the Options ribbon tab Simulator Options
Power Flow Solution Advanced Options tab
Check Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topology
is changed
On the B7FLAT case the slack bus is 7.

To create two islands, open lines 2-6 and 5-7.
If new island does not have a slack, Simulator
automatically chooses largest generator
Repeat with Dynamically add/removeunchecked
I7-30
Case with Multiple Islands

Simulator
is modeling
the two
systems
as being
completely
independent
Simulator
has automatically
chosen
bus 2 as the
slack.
Open tie-lines
I7-31
Island Records Display
Model Explorer Aggregations

Island Records shows
information about each island in
the case, including its slack bus.
It is not uncommon to
have multiple islands.
Often cases in the
Eastern United States
have Five Islands
I7-32
Simulator Options:
Environment Page
Can have
Blackout
appear if
case does not
converge
Memory limit
for Oneline
Undo feature
I7-34
Simulator Options:
Oneline Page
Display
only; no
simulation
Solution
method
when
animating
Name of default oneline
file to open for ALL cases
Shows hints
when cursor
over element
Non-US
style XFR
symbols
Name of main oneline file
for CURRENT case
I7-35
Simulator Options:
File Manage Page
Special options
tab for EPC
and RAW files
Automatically
save over
current PWB.
0 means do
not Autosave
Enables previously saved PWB files to be automatically
archived each time the file is saved with the same name
I7-36
Contingency Analysis
Power systems are operated so that overloads do
not occur either in real-time or under any
statistically likely contingency.
This is often called maintaining system security
Simulator is equipped with tools for analyzing

contingencies in an automatic fashion
Contingencies can consist of several actions or
elements
Simple Example: outage of a single transmission line
Complex: outage of a several lines, a number of
generators, and the closure of a normally open
transmission line
I10-1
Contingency elements allowed in

PowerWorld Simulator
Contingency Elements allowed in Simulator

Opening/Closing of transmission lines and transformers
Loss or Recovery of a generator, load, or switched shunt
Movement of generation, load, injection group, or switched shunt
MWs or Mvars.
Changing or Setting of generation, load, injection group, or switched
shunt MWs or Mvars
Changing or Setting of generator or switched shunt voltage setpoint
Opening of all lines connected to a bus
Opening/Closing of all lines or transformers in an interface
Open/Close, Set/Change injection group values
Bypass/Inservice, Set impedance of series capacitors
Changing or Setting of phase-shifter setpoint
Open/Close 3-winding transformer
Open/Close DC lines, Set/Change DC line setpoints
Solve Power Flow
specification
make-up
power also
allowed
Note: Conditional Elements which only occur if a particular condition

is met are also allowed. These will be covered at the end of this section.
I10-2
Contingency Analysis Tool in

Simulator
Contingency Analysis tools can be accessed by
selecting Tools ribbon tab Contingency
Analysis in run mode.
Initially, no contingencies are defined for a case.
Right-click
and choose
Insert to
add a
contingency
Select to load
from a file
Select to allow Simulator to define
I10-3
Inserting a Contingency Definition

To insert a contingency
On the Case Information
Toolbar, choose
Records > Insert
Right-click to bring up
the local menu and
choose Insert
This opens the dialog to

the right.
I10-4
Auto Insertion of Contingencies

To automatically insert a set of
contingencies. This is available from
On the Case Information Toolbar, choose
Records > Auto Insert Contingencies
Right-click to bring up the local menu and
choose Insert Special > Auto Insert
Contingencies
Click on the Auto Insert Button at the bottom of
the Contingency Analysis Dialog
The Auto Insert Dialog is shown on the

following slide.
I10-5
Auto-Insertion of
Contingencies Dialog
Choose
types to
include
Select to include
only elements in
chosen areas
Apply Advanced
Filters for branches,
generators, or buses
Include only elements

that are near a
particular bus
Specify how to create

automatic names for the
2008
PowerWorld Corporation
new contingencies
I10-6
Contingency Analysis Dialog

with Contingencies Defined
List of
contingencies
now defined
A Description of the
selected contingency
appears in the Contingency
Definition Section
Click X to
hide the
Definition
Section
Click to save the contingencies to file
Click to process the contingencies
I10-7
Contingency Definition Dialog

To open the Contingency Definition dialog, right-click on
one of the contingencies and choose Show Dialog.
List of
contingency
elements
Right-click and choose

Insert to add a new
Element (or click Insert
New Element)
Click to specify power
flow solution options for
this contingency
I10-8
Contingency Element Dialog

To open, right-click on the Contingency Definition
Dialog and choose Insert or Show Dialog
Choose
element
type
Choose
action
type
Choose the
Element
Choose the
action
parameters
Add a comment
which will be
saved with
Auxiliary Files
I10-9
Options Tab:
Modeling
I10-14
Options Tab:
Modeling
Calculation Method
Full Power Flow
Linearized Lossless DC
similar to the DC Power Flow, but this is linearized around
present operating point
Linearized Lossless DC with Phase Shifters
Limit Monitoring Settings

Click this button to open the Limit Monitoring Settings dialog
For Linearized DC methods, allow amp limits by assuming

a constant voltage magnitude
The net effect is that line operating at higher than 1.0 per unit
voltage can carry more power
Treat Line as Equivalent Amps option must also be selected with
Limit Monitoring Settings
I10-15
Options Tab:
Modeling
Retry Solution using the Robust Solution Process
after a contingency failure
Attempts to solve the power flow in a series of steps
that involves turning on controls one type of control at
a time
Do Not Use Post Power Flow Solution Action List

Globally defined list set with the power flow solution
options and performed after every ac power flow
solution
Actions may interfere with contingency results if they
alleviate loadings caused by contingencies, thus
masking the impact of a contingency
I10-16
Options Tab:
Modeling Make-up Power
Describe which areas make up for a change
in the MW generation or load in the system.
Normally done use some sort of
participation from the areas or generation
in the case
Typically power systems control schemes like
AGC (or Economic Dispatch), do not respond
quickly enough to remove an overload after a
contingency. AGC acts on the 15 minute to 1
hour time frame (not tens of seconds)
I10-17
Options Tab:
Modeling Make-up Power
Area Participation Factors specified below
Each area is weighted according to the factors
specified. The total weight for the area is then spread
across all the area generation according to generator
participation factors.
The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC
Generator Participation Factors from the Entire

Case Directly
Generators are weighted by their participation factors
The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC
Same as the Power Flow case

Just uses the settings for the normal power flow area
interchange
I10-18
Options Tab:
Modeling
Define Contingency Solution Options
Allows you to specify different power flow solution
options for solving the post-contingency power flow.
This gives 3 levels of power flow solution options
1.
Contingency Specific Options (Contingency Definition Dialog)
2.
Contingency Analysis Tool (Contingency Analysis Options Tab)
3.
General Power Flow Options
When Simulator executes a particular contingency, it

will look at options in the precedent defined by the
order above.
First it looks to contingency-specific. If an option is
marked use default, it will look at the Contingency
Analysis Tool Options, etc
I10-19
Other > Button

Remaining Actions
Delete All Contingencies
Deletes all the presently defined contingencies
Clear All Contingency Results

Clears all the results of the presently defined contingencies, but
leaves the definitions
Set As Reference
Sets whatever the present power system state is as the reference
state for Contingency Analysis
Restore Reference
Restores the system to the reference state
Auto-fill Blank Contingency Element Comments

covered later
Sensitivity Calculations covered in a later section
Calculate OTDFs using existing PTDFs
Filter out violations using OTDFs
I10-20
Running Contingency Analysis

Run every contingency in the list
On the Case Information Toolbar, click Records > Run
Contingency Analysis (also on right-click local menu)
Press Start Run on Contingencies tab
Click Start on Summary tab
On Case Info Toolbar, under Records > there are

several other options
Solve selected contingency
Note: the system will remain in the post-contingency state after
solving the contingency
Then when you go to solve another contingency, the reference
case will be reinstated prior to solving
Solve and Set as Reference

Same as Solve Selected, but after completing solution, then the
post-contingency state will be saved as a new reference case
I10-21
Fault Analysis
Analysis of power system parameters
resulting from a ground or line to line fault
somewhere in the system
Simulator contains a tool for analyzing
faults in an automatic fashion
Can perform single and three phase faults
I13-1
Fault Analysis
Fault types include:
Single line to ground

Line to line
Double line to ground
Three phase balanced
The general fault analysis tool can be

accessed in run mode by: Tools ribbon tab
Fault Analysis
I13-2
Setting the Fault Location

Information about the fault location can be filled in
manually
Alternatively, you can right-click on a bus or transmission
line on the oneline diagram, and select Fault from the
menu to have the fault location fields automatically set
Selecting Fault for a bus will set the bus number field
Selecting Fault for a transmission line will set the from and to
bus numbers, the circuit identifier, and the approximate line
location as a percentage of the length of the line
Any of these fields can still be changed manually
I13-3
Select Type of Fault

Determines which calculations to perform
Line to ground: assumes phase A to ground
Line to line: assumes phase B to phase C
Line to line to ground: assumes phase B to phase C to
ground
Three phase balanced
A non-zero impedance to ground can be defined on

the options tab, default is 0 (except for line to line)
I13-4
Fault Dialog: Data

Set type of
fault
Current through
the fault
Devices
listed here
depend on
bus or inline fault
Results of analysis are displayed

in the grids on these five pages
I13-5
Sequence Data for Fault Analysis

By default, sequence data for fault analysis is not
stored with load flow data
Sequence data can be loaded from the Options
page
PowerWorld Auxiliary file (*.aux)
PTI Sequence Data file (*.seq)
Sequence data can similarly be saved to the same

types of external files; however, Simulator will
store sequence data with the load flow case
(*.pwb) if you save the case after loading the
sequence data
I13-6

Sequence data is required for various
devices:
Generators
Internal sequence impedances
Neutral to ground impedance
Transmission Lines
Zero sequence impedance
Zero sequence line shunt admittance
I13-7

Transformers
Zero sequence impedance and line shunt admittance
Phase shifts, entered as Phase in the load flow data
Transformer grounding configuration, as a
combination of Wye, Grounded Wye, and Delta
connections
Loads
Negative and zero sequence load, as an admittance
Set on a bus-basis, with admittance given is total
admittance for all loads at that bus
I13-8

Transmission line mutual impedance
Zero sequence mutual impedance between part
or all of two transmission lines
Displayed on Options tab
Fault data for all devices (except mutual

impedances) can be entered on the
Information Dialogs
I13-9
Fault Analysis: Options

Impedance to
ground at the fault
Load and save sequence data

as a text file
Mutual
impedance
records
I13-10

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ThePowerWorld Simulator

From andToBuses andCircuit aresetautomatically

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Case Information Displays

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Case Information Displays

Case Information Features

Find, Search For Text

Custom Case Info Display

Case Information Toolbar

Advanced Filter Dialog

Click to delete a condition

No Maximum Amount of Conditions

You can optionally pre-filter using the

AND filter is met if ALL conditions are met

Other advanced options

Absolute value (ABS) compare for numeric conditions

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Click the Find

For Loads, Number and ID are the key fields

Power Flow Solution

This will open

Maximum Number of Iterations

Do only one iteration

Disable Automatic Generation Control (AGC)

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Maximum Number of Controller Loop Iterations

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Post Power Flow Solution Actions

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Initialize From Flat Start Values always starts power

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Disable Balancing of Parallel LTC taps

Model Phase Shifters as Discrete Controls

Min. Sensitivity for LTC Control

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Sharing of generator vars across groups of buses

Options for Areas on Economic Dispatch

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Monitor/Enforce Contingent Interface Elements

Bus Loss Sensitivity Function

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Multiple Islands in Simulator

On the B7FLAT case the slack bus is 7.

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Case with Multiple Islands

Island Records Display

Model Explorer Aggregations

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Simulator is equipped with tools for analyzing

Contingency elements allowed in

Contingency Elements allowed in Simulator

Note: Conditional Elements which only occur if a particular condition

2008 PowerWorld Corporation

Contingency Analysis Tool in

Select to allow Simulator to define

Inserting a Contingency Definition

This opens the dialog to