11.1.

2015

M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)

M.KhorasaniConsulting&Publishing

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English

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PersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(Saint
Petersburg2015)
Bckground
Books
Couthoredooks

NexttoIrninmuseumstheStteHermitgeMuseuminSint
PetersurghsoneofthemosteutifulcollectionsofPersin
shmshirsintheircollection.Thefollowingrticleshowssomeof
thesemgnificentpieces:

Printrticles
Exhiitions
Awrds
OnlineArticles
Persianswordsinthe
StateHermitage
Museum(Saint
Petersburg2015)
Chinesermorinthe
Musedel'Arme(Pris
2015)

AmgnificentPersinshmshirwithSfvidperiodldendQjr
periodfittings.theStteHermitgeMuseumprovidesthefollowing
description:
"Steel,gold,lether,preciosstones,enmel,forging,csting,chsing,
crving.Irn,Firsthlfofthe19thcentury.Acquiredin18851886
fromtheArmouryofTsrskoyeSelo".
Pleseusethe
followingformto
requestmore
informtionon
theseminrsndtriningsthtM.
KhorsniConsultingoffers:
ContactForm.

OttomnTurkishrmorin
theMusedelArme
(Pris2015)
Jpnesermorinthe
StteHermitgeMuseum
(SnktPetersurg2014)
IndinrmorintheStte
HermitgeMuseum(Snkt
Petersurg2014)
Cucsinrmorinthe
StteHermitgeMuseum
(SnktPetersurg2014)
OttomnTurkishrmorin
theStteHermitge
Museum(SnktPetersurg
2014)
PersinrmorintheStte
HermitgeMuseum(Snkt
Petersurg2014)
ShmshirsznIrni
(2011)
ShmshirzniIrni(2011)
Gorzegvsr(2011)
Plnderunghistorischer
SttteIrns(2010)
EMRRANKILICI
(2008)
Reichsschwert(2007)
LuristnPeriod(2007)
AnIntroductiontothe
PersinSwordShmshir
(2006)
TheDevelopmentofSword

Thebolq (crossgurd)oftheshmsirismdeofgoldnd
insertedwithdimondsndpreciousstonesswellsthekolhak
(pommelcp).Thehndleslsremdeofivory.TheookLexicon
ofArmsandArmorfromIran:AStudyofSymbolsandTerminology,
MnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni(2010)providesthefollowing
informtiononthetermbolq ::

bolq :(HftDrvi)(n)hndgurd,crossgurdofswordthe
termol qislsousedinthemnuscriptonfutuvvtclledHft
Drvi(sevendervish)whichwsprolywritteninnskhndis
undted(Afshri&Mdyeni,1381:123).AfshrindMdyeni
(1381:1234)ttriutethisooktothe11 thor12 thcentury(17or18
A.D.)sitelongedtothelirryofEtezdolSltne(theministerof
sciencendmines)in1296hegir(1876A.D.).AfshrindMdyeni
(1381:184)quotefromthismnuscriptwhichsysthtonedy
utcherwhowsjwnmrdwenttoAli,kissedhishndndsked
forhelpsyingththisk rdecmeluntveryquickly.Alitouched
thebolqofhisZulfgr(thefmouslegendryswordttriutedto
Ali),ruingitsolongthtkrdml(knifeshrpener)wscreted.
AfshrindMdyeni(1381:184)furtherexplinthtol qis
originllyTurkictermdescriingthehndgurdwhichseprtesthe
qze(hndle)fromtheswordslde,tiqeyeamir.
ThemgnificentPersincruciledmscussteelldestheptternof
Kirknrden(fortysteps/rungs)inthewesternliterture.Persin
mnuscriptscllthispttternpuldejhardreqerqnardebn:(New
Persin)(n+dj+dj+n)wteredsteelwithldderptterntypeof
crucilesteelwithldderptternknownsfortyldderrungs
(Romnowsky,1967/1346:78).Notethtpuld (n)menssteel,
jhar(n)menswteredsteel,dr derivesfromthever
d tn (tohve),qerq (dj)mensfourty,nd
nardebn
(n)mensldderThisptternislsoknownsehlband

(fortystrps)(seeLexiconofArmsandArmorfromIranAStudy

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11.1.2015

M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)
inIrn:AShort
Introduction(2006)
DieGeschichtedes
SchwertesimIrn(2006)
WvesoftheCspinSe
(2006)

InterviewsndConferences
Museumsndprivte
collections
Reviews

Followusatacademia.edu
ofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)yMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,
Tingen:LegtVerlg.Fordetileddiscussionofthispttern
seeArmsandArmorfromIran:TheBronzeAgetotheEndoftheQajar
Period(2006)yMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,Tungen:Legt
Verlg.

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Listofprint
articles

Theldehseutifulgoldinlidmker'smrkwhichreds"amal
eAssadollhEsfahni(Isfahni)":(theworkofAssdoll h
Esfh ni).
ThismkersmrkppersonnumerofhighqulityPersin
swords.Othervrintsofthissignturelsoexistsmle
Assdoll h(theworkofAssdoll h),AmleAssdEsfh ni(theworkof
AssdEsfh ni),ndAssdoll hEsfh ni(Assdoll hEsfh ni)for
moreinformtionseeMoshtghKhorsni(2006:156163).Dtedswords
withthismkersmrkcomplictetheissueevenmore.Therereseven
dtedexmplestht,rtherthnsolvingthemysteryehindthesmith
Assdoll hslife,onlycomplictethemttersthetimespnoverwhich
theseswordsrepurportedtohveeenconstructedistoolongfor
normlhumnlife,letlonethectivelifeofsmith.Amongtheswords
discussedintheookArmsndArmorfromIrn:TheBronzeAgetothe
EndoftheQjrPeriod,theerliestdteis992Hegir(1583C.E.),nd
theltestis1135Hegir(1722C.E.),timespnof139yers(Moshtgh
Khorsni,2006:156163).Eventhepositioningoftheindividulwordsin
thisphrsevriesfromswordtosword.Tkingllthesefctorsinto
considertion,itseemsunlikelyorevenfundmentllyimplusiletht
singlesmithnmedAssdoll hproducedlltheseldes.Itseems
fesilendprolethtAssdoll h wstitleofhonorsignifying
thehighestlevelofmsteryinswordmking.Thetheorythtsomeof
theseinscriptionswerecounterfeitedtoddtothevlueofswordmy
etrueoflterswordseringcrtoucheswhereonefindspoorly
executedinlyingsorevenoverlyings,utllexmplespresentedinthe
ookmentionedovehveinscriptionswithfinelyexecutedclligrphy
ndworkmnshipndexhiitoutstndinginlyingtechniques.Ifone
ssumesthtthenmeAssdoll h wsthehighesttitlegiventon
Irninsmithwhohdttinedveryhighlevelofmsteryinmking
swords,themysteryoftheexistenceofvrietyofhndwritingnd
clligrphystylesoverlongperiodoftimepperstoesolved.As
mentionedyMyer(19579:1),personcounterfeitingfrudulent
crtouchewouldmostlikelyimittetheoriginlspreciselyspossilein
ordertodeceiveuyerssincehettemptedtosellhisswordsunder
fkenme.Additionlly,counterfeiterwouldsurelyhveensuredtht
thedteonforgedcrtouchesexctlymtchedtheerof hA s
SfvidiftherewereonlyonefmoussmithnmedAssdoll hduringthe
relevntperiod.AnotherfctreinforcingthehypothesisthtAssdoll h
wspresumlynhonorrytitleestowedduringtheSfvidperiod
isthtthererethreedtedswordseringthephrseofAmle
AssdollhEsfh nifromthesmetimeperiod,nmelyAmleAssdoll h
Esfh ni116,AmleAssdoll hEsfh ni117,ndAmleAssdoll h
Esfh nindBndeyehevel ytA ssneye135(seeMoshtgh
Khorsni,2006:156163),llorigintingduringtheperiodof hSultn
HosseinSfvid,whoruledfrom11051135Hegir(16941722A.D.).
However,llthreeswordslookdifferentinmnyrespects,especilly
regrdingthehndwritingstyle.Thisisfurtherevidencetht,tlest
duringtheperiodof hSolt nHusseinSfvidsreign,vrioussmiths
signedldesusingthesigntureAmleAssdoll hEsfh nindfurther
corroortesthetheorythtAssdoll h ws,indeed,nhonorry
title........Formoreinformtiononthistopicredtheentryamale
AssadollhEsfahniintheLexiconofArmsandArmorfromIranAStudy
ofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)yMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,
Tingen:LegtVerlg.Formoreinformtionsee:

PersianFireandSteel:Historical
FirearmsofIran

Dr.ManouchehrMoshtaghKhorasani

More

PersianArcheryand
Swordsmanship:TheHistorical
MartialArtsofIran
Dr.ManouchehrMoshtagh
KhorasaniMoreOrder
LexiconofArmsandArmor
fromIran:AStudyofSymbols
andTerminology

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M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)

MoshtaghKhorasani,Manouchehr(2010).PersinSwordmkers
(ArmeirosPerss).In:RitesofPower:OrientalArms(RituaisdePoder:
ArmasOrientais),CsldeCmr:Cleidoscpio,pp.4155.LINK

nd

MoshtaghKhorasani,Manouchehr(2013).LesLgendires
ForgeronsIrniensAssdollhetKleli.LaRevuedeThran
MensuelCulturelIranienenLangueFranaise.No.90,8eAnnee,Mi
2013,pp.2040.LINK

Thenextgoldinlidcrtouchisthesymolofodduhinnumers

bodduh:(Dehkhod)(n)thenmeofgenieornngelwhocn
domirculousthings,whosenmeiswrittenylettersornumersin
occultsciences.Certinchrcteristicsrettriutedtothisngel.For
exmple,ifonewritesitsnmeonnenvelope,theletterwillcertinly
rrive.Therefore,itservessthengelforprotectingtheletters.Itis
secrettelesm
(tlismn).Therecertineliefsregrdingthis
sign.Forexmple,whentrvellerhsthissign,hewouldeleto
trveldyndnightwithoutgettingtired,orpregnntwomnwould
eletogiveirthwithoutferingmiscrrige.Thetermodduh
islsousedtoconjurefeelingsoflove.Itconsistsoftheeven
numers2,4,6,8or8,6,4,2.Thenumersreequivlenttothe
letters , , ,nd ofhurufejoml .Anndejreportstht
odduhisthenmeofnngelwhodiedndleftthisworldndwhose
nmeisgoldinlidonswordsnddggersndisusedforprotection.
(DigitlLexiconofDehkhod).Formoreinformtiononthistopicred

Dr.ManouchehrMoshtagh
KhorasaniMoreOrder

theentryodduh
intheLexiconofArmsandArmorfromIranA
StudyofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)yMnouchehrMoshtgh
Khorsni,Tingen:LegtVerlg.

ArmsandArmorfromIran:
TheBronzeAgetotheEndof
theQajarPeriod
Dr.ManouchehrMoshtagh
KhorasaniMoreOrder

FornotherclssifictionofPersincrucilesteelsee:

MoshtaghKhorasani,Manouchehr(2011).TqendiyeFul d
deJohrd rrAs seNosxeh yeXtti(ClssifictionofPersin
WteredSteelontheBsisofOldMnuscripts).JournaloftheIranian
Studies.FacultyofLiteratureandHumanities.hidB honr
UniversityofKerm n.Volume9,Numer18,Autumn2010,pp.243
281.LINK
TheDevelopmentof
Controversies:FromtheEarly
ModernPeriodtoOnline
DiscussionForums
Dr.ManouchehrMoshtagh
KhorasaniMoreOrder

Varband(scrdfittings)relsomdeofclledndinsertedwith
dimonds.

Thewoodenscrdconsistsoftwoprtsgluedtoechothernd
coveredwiththeprecioussqari orkimoxt
(shgreen
lether),whichistheskinoftheckofthehorsenddonkeythtis
usedsspecillether.TheookLexiconofArmsandArmorfrom
IranAStudyofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)(MnouchehrMoshtgh
Khorsni,Tingen:LegtVerlg)providesthefollowingentryonthis
typeoflether:

sqari

:(RostmlTv rix)(n)shgreenlether( sef,

OrientalandArabAntique
WeaponsandArmour:The
StreshinskiyCollection
Dr.ManouchehrMoshtagh
KhorasaniMore

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11.1.2015

M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)
2003/1382:90).Shgreenletherwsoftenmdefromtheskinof
jckss(donkey)hindqurters.AccordingtoDehkhod,sqri is
typeoflethermdeofthehideofjcksshindqurters.Itssurfce
isrough.Saqari cneotinedfromthehindqurtersof
horseswellszerhide.Withregrdtotheprocessingndtnning
ofshgreenlether,Chrdin(268)sttesthtsignificntmountsof
thisletherwsmdeinIrnndexportedtotheIndies(Indi),
Turkey,ndneighoringkingdoms.Hesttesthtshgreenws
mdefromjckss(donkey)hindqurters,ndseedclledtoxm
csini,(seedofcsinthtissidtoelck,hrd,ndlrgerthn
themustrdseed).Toxm stndsforotheggndseedinFrsi
sChrdinrightlysys.Hefurthersttesthtthenmeshgreen
comesfromthePersinwordsqri,meninghindqurters.
AccordingtoChrdin,thiswsthenmeofnynimltheyrodeon,
similrtotheEnglishwordsteed,ndthisnmewsgiventothis
sortofhideecuseitwsmdeofnjckssshindqurters.The
corsehidesweredressedytnnerswithlime.Theyusedsltnd
gllsinthetnningprocessinstedofrk,which,ccordingto
Chrdin,wssufficientduetothehotIrninclimte.Floor
(2003:383)quotesOlmer,whosttedthtsgriwsprimrily
prepredinYzdnddescriesitstypeoftnnedlethermdeof
theskinsofhorseordonkeynd,sometimes,eventhtofcow.
Thecleningoftheskinwsperformedusinglmostthesmemethod
sthtusedforsheepskin.Olmerexplinedthteforepplyingthe
rleytretmenttotheskin,thetnnerscoveredthemwithsmll,
driedgrinsndletthemdry.Thegrinsworkedtheirwyintothe
skin,resultinginunevennessofthesurfcendgrined
ppernce.Aftertheskinsdried,theyweresokedinwterwith
fermentingrley,cusingthemtoswell.Theworkers,then,used
somq leves(rhumcoriri)forthetnningprocess.Olmer
reportsthttheselevescontinedmuchtnnin.Floor(2003:383)
lsoquotesConsulAot,whoprovidesmoreinformtiononthe
mkingofshgreenletherinEsfh n.Hesidthtthisletherws
mdefromtherwhidesofhorses.Theyspredthewetskinon
levelsurfce,threwsmll,roundseedsoverit,ndtroduponit.After
theskinprtillydried,theyshookofftheseeds,shvingthesurfce
ofthehidetoremovelluttheindentedprtsthtgrdullyrose
gintotheirformerlevel,producingtheumpsontheshgreen.
Then,theyppliedpreprtionofcopperndslmmonictothe
reverseside,whichpenetrtedtothefront,coloringitgreen.

SwordForum
International:
AResource
Siteforthe
Studyof
Swordsand
Other
Historical
Weapons

Aktuelles
FrFrgenoder
Terminvereinrungenerreichen
SieunsunterfolgenderEmil
Adresse:
info@mmkhorsni.com

NutzenSieuchgernedirekt
unserKontktformulr.

Thescrdchpetaheqalfislsomdeofgold.

ThisPersinshmshirhsengrvedndgoldinlidsptultedquillons.
Thepommelcpislsogoldinlid.Thehndleslsremdeofwlrus
ivory.TheldeismdeofPersincruciledmscussteel.Thelde
hsthreecrtouches.Theupperndmiddlecrtouchesretheoriginl
onesfromtheSfvidperiodtotheldendregoldinlid.Thelower
crtoucheisgoldoverlidndddedtotheldeduringtheerlyQjr
period.
TheuppercrtoucheredsbandeyehevelyatSafi.Theook
"LexiconofArmsndArmorfromIrn:AStudyofSymolsnd
Terminology"providesthefollowingentryforthisphrse:

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11.1.2015

M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)

bandeyehevelyatSafi:(NewPersin)(n+n+n+n)literlly
mens,Thesuject/slveofthekingdom/dominion/trusteeshipofAli,
Sfi.Thistrnsltesintothefollowing:Sfiistherepresenttiveof
Alisrulendctsonhisehlf.Notethtnde (n)mens
slve/suject, h (n)mensking,ndvel yt
(n)mens
country,trusteeship,ndSfi (n)iskingsnme.......

ForthesmecrtoucheonroylpiecesofIrninMilitryMuseumssee
"ArmsndArmorfromIrn:TheBronzeAgetotheEndoftheQjr
Period"(MoshtghKhorsni,2006444,ct.80446,ct.81448,ct.82).

Thegoldinlidcrtouchein
themiddleredsYekanbe
HellahrKrMehrAli
whichmensSundythe
firstdyofthemonththe
workofMehrAli.
Notethtsmith
nmedMehrAlimde

dtedpiqabzin1109
hijr,dedictedto
MohmmdMehdiKhn
Znd.Formore
informtionndtoseethe
dggerconsulttheook
"ArmsndArmorfrom
Irn:TheBronzeAgeto
theEndoftheQjr
Period",Mnouchehr
MoshtghKhorsni,2006,
whichexplins:
Thedte,1190hegir,is

1776A.D.[1]Additionlly,
thenmeoftheowneris
engrvedontheckof
theldeclosetothe
hndle:Shee
MohmmdMehdiKhn
Znd(Theowner
MohmmdMehdiKhnZnd).Thenmeofthesmithisgoldinlid
ontheldendreds,MehrAli.Thereisspdeshpedeyelett
theseofthehndlewithengrvedinscriptionsononeside,Howl
Kfi(oneofthenmesofGod,meningthtGodisindependentnd
withoutneeds),ndontheotherside,HowlBgi(notherttriute
ofGod,meningththeiseternl).
[1]ThisiswithinthereignofKrimKhnZnd,whoruledfrom1163

1193A.D.(17501779A.D.)(seeSfrz&Avrzmni,
2004/1383:275).

ThelowestcrtoucheistheroylselofFthAliShhQjrwhich
reds"AbualSeifalSoltnFathAlihQjr"(Theftherofthe
swordFthAliShhQjr).Anumerofroylshmshirsttriutedto
FthAliShhQjrwhichrekeptintheMilitryMuseumofTehrn
hvethesmecrtouchewhichistheroylselofFthAliShh
Qjt.Toseetheseexmplessee"ArmsndArmorfromIrn:The
BronzeAgetotheEndoftheQjrPeriod",MnouchehrMoshtgh
Khorsni,2006,Tingen:LegtVerlg.

APersinshmshirwithtypiclwedgeshpedldewithhigh
curve.Thehndleslsremdeofivory.
Theldehseutifulcruciledmscusldewiththe

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M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)

ptternpuldejhardremoabak,wteredsteelwithnetpttern
typeofcrucilesteelwithwoodgrinpttern
(Romnowsky,1967/1346:78).Formoreinformtiononthis
ptternseeLexiconofArmsandArmorfromIranAStudyofSymbols
andTerminology(2010)yMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,Tingen:
LegtVerlg.
FornotherclssifictionofPersincrucilesteelsee:

MoshtaghKhorasani,Manouchehr(2007).TheMgnificentBeuty
ofEdgedWeponsMdewithPersinWteredSteel.JournalofAsian
MartialArts,9Volume16,numer3,pp.821.LINK

ThePersinldehsthreectouches:Theuppercrtoucheis
bodduhsininnumers.Thelowerismker'smrkamal
eAssadollh(WorkofAssdollh),Thecroucheinthemiddle
reds:bandeyehevelyatAbbs
Forthemeningofthisphrseseetheentrybandeyehevelyat
Abbs fromtheookLexiconofArmsandArmorfromIranAStudyof
SymbolsandTerminology(2010)yMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,
Tingen:LegtVerlg:

bandeyehevelyatAbbs:(NewPersin)(n+n+n+n)
literllymens,Thesuject/slveofthekingdom/
dominion/trusteeshipofAli,A s.Thistrnsltesintothefollowing:
A sistherepresenttiveofAlisrulendctsonhisehlf.Note
thtnde (n)mensslve/suject, h (n)mensking,nd
vel yt
(n)menscountry,trusteeship,ndA s (n)is
kingsnme.ForthisinscriptionseeMoshtghKhorsni(2006:430,
ct.70432,ct.73,434,ct.74435,ct.75436,ct.76438,
ct.78441,ct.79451,ct.85453,ct.86454,ct.87456,
ct.89475,ct.107481,ct.112526,ct.151541,ct.162).

Alsoprtofthenextentryfromthesmeook:
bandeyehevelyat:(NewPersin)(n+n+n)the
slve/sujectofthekingofthtcountry/trusteeship.Notethtnde
(n)mensslve/suject, h (n)mensking,ndvel yt
(n)menscountry,trusteeship.Thisisphrsethtfrequently
ppersonSfvidldesisndeye hevel yt...incomintion
withthenmeoftheSfvidkingwhoruledtthttime.Thephrse
mleAssdoll hppersoftenwiththephrsendeye he
vel ytA s.AccordingtoDigitlLexiconofDehkhod,nde
menssujectorslve.Oviously,peoplewhoserveorinhit
therelmruledykingrehissujects.vel yt
mens
kingdomorruledlndtherefore,kinghsvel yt
to
rule.Dehkhodfurthersttesthtthepersontowhomvel yteAli
reltesconsidershimselftherepresenttiveofIm mAlind,
consequently,rulesndgovernsonhisehlf.....................
APersinshmshirwithsteelhndlendhighlycurvedlde.The
StteHermitgeMuseumsttesthtthisshmshirwscquiredin1885
1886.ItwsformerlyheldintheArmouryofTsrskoyeSelo.

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M.KhorasaniConsultingPersianswordsintheStateHermitageMuseum(SaintPetersburg2015)

Thegoldinlidmker'smrkreds"amaleeKalbealiEsfahni
1019"(TheworkofKleoIsfhni1019).1019stndsforthe
Gregorinyer16101611Formoreinformtionseeprtofthe
entryamaleKalbealifromtheookLexiconofArmsandArmorfrom
IranAStudyofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)yMnouchehr
MoshtghKhorsni,Tingen:LegtVerlg:

amaleKalbeali:(NewPersin)(n+n)theworkofKleli(dogof
Ali).Notethtml (n)menswork,kl (n)mensdog,
ndAli (n)isthenmeofHzrteAli.TheexpressionThedogof
AliisusedtoshowthedevotionofthemkertoHzrtAli,thefirst
ImmoftheShiites.Thismkersmrkislsomysterysdifferent
swordswithdifferenthndwritingndclligrphywiththismkers
mrkexist.Theexistenceofdifferentphrsesofthesigntureof
Kleliindictesthttherewere,indeed,differentsmithswho
signedtheirswordswiththistitle.Thererethreedifferenttypes:)
mleKlli,)mleeKleliEsfh ni,ndc)mleKleAli
inAssdeEsfh ni.ThenmeKleliissometimeswrittens
onewords
,nditiswrittenintwowordsonothercrtouchess
wells
.Eventhereferencetothefther,Assdoll h,is
different.Onecrtoucheerstheexpression,InAssdEsfh ni,
wheresnothercrtouchereds,InAssdZh d r.The
inscription,VldeKleliinAssdZh d r,revelsthtthesmith
wntedtostressththisgrndftherhdthetitleAssdoll h ,
thehighestlevel,orwntedtostressththewsseyyed
(descendntoftheProphetMohmmdsfmily),fordetiled
discussionofthemkersmrkofKleli
,seeMoshtgh
Khorsni(2006:163167).AssumingthtAssdoll h wsn
honorrytitle,oneisfcedwiththeprolemofinterpretingthephrse
AmaleKalbealiebnAssad(theworkofKlelithesonofAssd).
Inthisregrd,Myer(19579:2)sttesthtthereweretwosonsof
Assdoll h ,Kleli
ndEsm il
.Hessertsthtonly
oneldeissignedTheworkofEsm ilsonofAssdoll h.
...........................
Theldehslsogoldinlidodduhsigninnumers.

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APersinshmshirwithcurvedldendrisedckedge(yalman).
Thehndleistheshpeofkrelhilt.Thedownwrdquillonsendupin
drgonheds.TheStteHermitgeMuseumttriutesthisshmshirto
thelte17century(orerly18thcentury)ndddsthtitwscquired
in18851886.ItwsformerlyheldintheArmouryofTsrskoyeSelo.

Thehndleslsremdeofivory.thesteelcrossgurdisdecorted
withgoldoverlidflorldesign.

Theldehsnengrvedndgoldinlidmker'smrkamaleMesri
Moalam.Forthismker'smrkseetheookLexiconofArmsand
ArmorfromIranAStudyofSymbolsandTerminology(2010)y
MnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,Tingen:LegtVerlgwhichprovides
thefollowingentry:
amaleMesriMoalamoramaleMoalamMesri:(NewPersin)
(n+n+n)theworkofMesriMolmortheworkofMolmMesri.
Notethtml(n)mensworkndMesriMolm(n)isnme.A
swordsignedymleMesrindttriutedtoS hSfiiskeptinthe
MilitryMuseumofTehrn.FormoreinformtionseeMoshtgh
Khorsni(2006 :444,ct.80538,ct.159).
Theforteoftheldeislsogoldoverlidinflorldesignndlsothe
inscriptioninPersinreds:

ZehueFaltundomatiztar[upperprt]
Zeabruyedeldrxunriztar[lowerprt]
Itsedge[literlly,til]isshrperthntheintelligenceofPlto!It
shedsmoreloodthntheeyerows[1]oftheeloved.
[1]Persinliterturelwysreferstoeyerowssoneofthephysicl
eutiesofwomen(uthorsoservtion).Forthesmeinscriptionon
PersinqddresseeArmsndArmorfromIrn:TheBronzeAgeto
theEndoftheQjrPeriodyMnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,
2006,Tingen:LegtVerlg.

AhighlycurvedPersinshmshirwithhndlewithwlrusivorysls.It
hswoodenscrdcoveredwithshgreenlether.TheStte
HermitgeMuseumttriutesthisshmshirtothefirsthlfofthe18
centuryndddsthtitfromtheWinterPlce.Thecrossgurd(bolq)
hsnengrvedinscriptionBismellahalRahmanalRahim(Inthenme
ofGod,mostenevolent,evermerciful)inthegildedckground.

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AhighlycurvedPersinshmshirwithhndlewithwlrusivory
sls.TheStteHermitgeMuseumttriutesthisshmshirtothe1718
centuryndddsthtitfromtheWinterPlce.Thecrossgurd(bolq)
iseutifullygoldoverlidwiththeinscriptionBismellahalRahmanal
Rahim(InthenmeofGod,mostenevolent,evermerciful).

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APersinshmshirmdeofcrucilesteelwithrisedckedge
(ylmn).Thehndleslsremdeofwlrusivory.Thesteel
crossgurdisdecortedwithgildedimgeoflionhuntingdeer(for
detiledexplntionofthissymolsee"ArmsndArmorfromIrn:
TheBronzeAgetotheEndoftheQjrPeriod"yMnouchehr
MoshtghKhorsni(2006).
TheuppergoldoverlidcrtoucheredsBismellahalRahmanal
Rahim(InthenmeofGod,mostenevolent,evermerciful).Thelength
oftheldeisgoldoverlidwithPersinpoem.

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FortechniclnlysisofPersincrucilesteelsee:

MoshtaghKhorasani,ManouchehrandZahraKaramad
(2008).TheMicrostructurendElementsofPersinCrucile
Steel,PymeBstnens(JournaloftheArchaeologyoftheIslamic
AzadUniversityofAbhar),Volume5,No.9.SpringndSummer2008,
pp.626.LINK

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AhighlycurvedPersinshmshirwithtypiclwedgeshpedlde.
Thewoodenscrdiscoveredwithshgreenlether.
Thehndleslsremdeofwlrusivoryndthesteelcrossgurd
ndpommelcpreengrved.TheStteHermitgeMuseum
ttriutesthisshmshirtothe18centuryndddsthtitws
cquiredin18851886.ItwsformerlyheldintheArmouryof
TsrskoyeSelo.

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AhighlycurvedPersinshmshirwithdownwrdquillionsnd
krellhilt.Thecrossgurdismdeofsteelnddecortedwith
gildedflorldesign.Thehndleslsremdeofstghorn.

TheldeismdeofPersincruciledmscussteelndhscentrl
fuller.TheStteHermitgeMuseuminSintPetersurgttriutesthis
shmshirtothe19centuryndsttesthtitisfromtheWinter
Plce.

Astrightswordamiremostqimfromthesecondhlfofthe
19thcentury.Itwscquiredin1926fromtheMrlePlce.The
hndleismdeofsteelwithdownwrdquillons.Fordetilednlysis
ofthistypesofswordssee"ArmsndArmorfromIrn:TheBronze
AgetotheEndoftheQjrPeriod"(MnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni,
2006,Tingen:LegtVerlg):
"Leedynsky(1992:56)providesriefnlysisonQjrstright
swords.Hesttesthtthelterstrightswords(suchsQjrstright
swords)shrethesmefeturesstheirmedievlncestors.These
Irninswordsofthe17thnd18thcenturyhveldeswithrounded
tip,downwrdquillions,ndthreeloepommelnd,thus,shrethe
smefetureofthegripsonsomeolderswords".
FormoreinformtiononIrninstrightswordslsosee:

MoshtaghKhorasani,ManouchehrandIvnSznt(2012).
StrightSwordsinIrn:AContinuingTrdition(Aperzspllos:egy
tretlnhgyomny).In:PersinTresuresHungrinCollections
(PerzsKincskMgyrGyjtemnyek),pp.3951.LINK

A19centuryritulsword(amiremostqim:strightsword)from
Irn.ItisfromtheWinterPlce.FornotherrticleonIrnin

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strightswordssee:

MoshtaghKhorasani,Manouchehr(2008).DrgonsTeeth:The
StrightSwordsofPersi.ClassicArmsandMilitaria,VolumeXVIssue
1,pp.2125.LINK

A19centuryritulsword(amiremostqim:strightsword)from
Irn.Itwscquiredin1931ndwsformerlyheldinthecollectionof
CountSergeySheremekev'scolllection.

Dr.MnouchehrMoshtghKhorsni

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