Project

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Client

Cosmo D&I
Libya, Nalut

Made by

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

Checked

Location

Ducksung Alpha
Date

Page

smp

12-Jan-2015
Revision

bjj

BS 8004:1986 etc.

1
Job No

STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS

F01

DESIGN STATUS:

VALID

DIMENSIONS (mm)
3200

B=

2000

Tw =

250

Hw =

H=

BI =

400

Tb =

300

Hp =

200

BN =

TN =

Hn =

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fcu =

35

N/mm

gm =

1.5

concrete

fy =

460

N/mm

gm =

1.05

steel

cover to tension steel =

50

mm

Max allowable design surface crack width (W) =

0.3

Concrete density =

24

mm
kN/m

Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l () =

Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) =

34
0

degree
kN/m

Density of retained mat'l (q ) =

20

kN/m

SOIL PROPERTIES

Wall Geometry
(Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)

13.33

kN/m

[default=2/3*q (only apply when Hw >0) ] =

Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (b) =

20

ASSUMPTIONS

Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) =

10

degree
kN/m

Density of base material (qb ) =

10

kN/m

b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH

Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) =

200

kN/m

c) Granular backfill

Surcharge load -- live (SQK) =

10

kN/m

d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure

e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground

Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) =

10

Line load -- live (LQK) =

15

kN/m

water beneath the wall.

f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to

20

kN/m

Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) =

LOADINGS

Line load -- dead (LGK) =

Distance of line load from wall (X) =
LATERAL FORCES (unfactored)

a) Wall friction is zero

lateral earth pressures

1000

mm

Ka =

0.28

[ default ka = (1-SIN )/(1+SIN ) ] =

Kp =

2.04

Kpc =

2.86

[ default kp = (1+SIN b)/(1-SIN b) ] = 2.04

[ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] =
2.86

Kac =

1.06

[ 2ka0.5 ]

Force

Lever arm

Moment about TOE

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high

gf

0.28

Fult

Mult

(kN)

(kNm)

PE =

28.95

LE = 1.067

30.88

1.40

40.53

43.23

PS(GK) =

9.05

LS = 1.60

14.47

1.40

12.67

20.26

PS(QK) =

9.05

LS = 1.60

14.47

1.60

14.47

23.16

PL(GK) =

5.65

LL = 2.36

13.35

1.40

7.92

18.69

PL(QK) =

4.24

LL = 2.36

10.01

1.60

6.79

16.02

PW =

0.00

LW = 0.00

0.00

1.40

0.00

0.00

Total

56.94

82.37

121.36

PP =

-6.12

-6.12

-0.60

83.19
(LP-HN) = 0.10

-0.60

13.33

1.00

Ducksung Alpha

Project

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Client

Cosmo D&I
Libya, Nalut

Made by

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

Checked

Location

EXTERNAL STABILITY
OVERTURNING about TOE
(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)
Lateral FORCE (kN)

PE =
PS(GK) =
PS(QK) =
PL(GK) =
PL(QK) =
PW =
P =
Pp =

28.95
9.05
9.05
5.65
4.24
0.00

Lever arm (m)

LE =
LS =
LS =
LL =
LL =
LW =

Page

12-Jan-2015
Revision

bjj

BS 8004:1986 etc.

Overturning
Moments

Date

smp

Moment (kNm)

1.07
1.60
1.60
2.36
2.36
0.00

30.88
14.47
14.47
13.35
10.01
0.00

2
Job No

F01

STABILITY CHECKS :

OK

F.O.S = 1.50
LOADING OPTION
(select critical load combination)
EARTH
PS(GK)
PS(QK)
PL(GK)

PL(QK)
PW

56.94

-6.12

(LP-HN) = 0.10

-0.60
Mo = 82.59

Restoring
Moments

Vertical FORCE (kN)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge =
Line load =
V =

Lever arm (m)

Moment (kNm)

0.53
1.00
0.00
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.65

9.14
14.40
0.00
103.75
0.00
35.78
57.75
Mr = 220.81

17.40
14.40
0.00
78.30
0.00
27.00
35.00
172.10

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo =
SLIDING

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P =

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) =

BASE FRICTION ( V TANb + B Cb ) =
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr =

56.94

2.67

> 1.50

F.O.S =

1.50

OK

kN
Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00

-6.12 kN
-82.64 kN
-88.76 kN

Factor of Safety, Pr / P =

1.56

> 1.50

OK

Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :

GROUND BEARING FAILURE
Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge=
Line load =
V =

17.40
14.40
0.00
78.30
0.00
27.00
35.00
172.10

0.48
0.00
1.00
-0.33
-0.33
-0.33
-0.65

BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m)

Moment (kNm)

0.00
0

8.27
0.00
0.00
-25.45
0.00
-8.78
-22.75
Mv = -48.71

2.00

50

100

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo =

82.59

kNm

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo =

33.88

kNm

Eccentricity from base centre, M / V =

Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) =

0.20
137

m
kN/m

150

< 200

OK

Ducksung Alpha

Project

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Client

Cosmo D&I
Libya, Nalut

Made by

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

Checked

Location

smp

Date

Page

12-Jan-2015
Revision

bjj

BS 8004:1986 etc.

F01

OUTER BASE ( per metre length )

gf =
V ult =
M ult =

1.46
63.41
21.82

BS8110

(default = ult mt / non-factored mt.1.46

)=
kN
kNm
(TENSION - BOTTOM FACE)

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

reference

390
12
200
565

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

244
231.80
0
57.43

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 21.82

OK

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.23%
0.49
119.90

N/mm2
kN

> 63.41

OK

3.5.5.2

mm

< 0.30

OK

App. B.2

Min. As =

f=

centres =
Asprov =
MOMENT of RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

4
Job No

Table 3.25

< 744
> 390

OK
OK

3.12.11.2.7(b)

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8

CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

56.50
108.61

em = -0.0009

mm
mm

W=

-0.20

BS8007

INNER BASE ( per metre length )

V ult =
M ult =

81.35
99.54

kN
kNm

(TENSION - TOP FACE)

390
16
150
1340

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

242
223.22
0
131.08

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 99.54

OK

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.55%
0.66
159.32

N/mm2
kN

> 81.35

OK

Min. As =
f=
centres =
Asprov =

TOP REINFORCEMENT :

MOMENT RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

CHECK CRACK WIDTH wrt BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

80.69
86.81

mm
mm

Table 3.25

< 380
> 390

OK
OK

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8

(Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)

em = 0.001053
W=
0.22
mm
< 0.30
OK

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

TOP (DESIGN)
BOTTOM (DESIGN)
TRANSVERSE

Type

Centers

As

Min. As

T
T
T

mm
16
12
12

mm
150
200
200

mm2
1340
565
565

mm2
390
390
390

3.12.11.2.7(b)

OK
OK
OK

3.5.5.2

BS8007
App. B.2

Project

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Client

Cosmo D&I
Libya, Nalut

Location

Ducksung Alpha
Made by

smp

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

Checked

Date

Page

12-Jan-2015
Revision

bjj

BS 8004:1986 etc.

Job No

F01

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No.

Type

Dia

Length

Unit Wt

Weight

WALL

VERTICAL - External face

VERTICAL - Internal face
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.)

6
9
30

T
T
T

10
16
10

2980
3028
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

11.02
43.01
18.50

BASE

TOP (MAIN)
BOTTOM (MAIN)
TRANSVERSE ( T & B )
WALL STARTERS (Ext.)
WALL STARTERS (Int.)

7
6
22
6
9

T
T
T
T
T

16
12
12
10
16

2128
2096
1000
1025
1265

1.578
0.888
0.888
0.617
1.578

23.51
11.17
19.53
3.79
17.97

NIB

(assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
6
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
9
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.)
2

T
T
T

10
16
10

80
128
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

0.30
1.82
1.23

SUMMARY

Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg)

151.8

Project
Location

Diagrams

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Libya, Nalut
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.
BS 8004:1986 etc.

DATA FOR DIAGRAMS I

sheet 1 of 2

Made by smp

Job No F01
Date 12-Jan-15

DESIGN STATUS: VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))
2

KN/M^2

1 86.05
0 136.88
3
BEARING PRESSURE
0.2 126.71
3
DIAGRAM
0.4 116.55
3
M
0.6 106.38
3
0
5
0.8 96.22
3
0.00
1 86.05
3
50.00
1.2 75.88
3
1.4 65.72
3
100.00
1.6 55.55
3
150.00
1.8 45.39
3
2 35.22
3
2 0.00
0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
86.05
0 0.00 136.877
BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM
1 0.04 134.844
2 0.08 132.811
M
3 0.12 130.778
0.00
2.00
4 0.16 128.745
0
5 0.20 126.712
6 0.24 124.679
50
7 0.28 122.646
8 0.32 120.613
9 0.36 118.580
100
10 0.40 116.546
11 0.44 114.513
150
12 0.48 112.480
13 0.52 110.447
14 0.56 108.414
15 0.60 106.381
16 0.64 104.348
86.05
17 0.68 102.315
BP
0
136.88
18 0.72 100.282
BPE
0.4
116.55
19 0.76 98.249
BPI
0.65 103.84
20 0.80 96.215
BPZ
2
35.223
21 0.84 94.182
22 0.88 92.149
23 0.92 90.116
24 0.96 88.083
25 1.00 86.050
26 1.04 84.017
27 1.08 81.984
28 1.12 79.951
29 1.16 77.918
30 1.20 75.885
31 1.24 73.851
32 1.28 71.818
33 1.32 69.785
34 1.36 67.752
35 1.40 65.719
36 1.44 63.686
37 1.48 61.653
38 1.52 59.620
39 1.56 57.587
40 1.60 55.554
41 1.64 53.520
42 1.68 51.487
43 1.72 49.454
44 1.76 47.421
45 1.80 45.388
46 1.84 43.355
47 1.88 41.322
48 1.92 39.289
49 1.96 37.256
50 2.00 35.223
KN/M^2

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Page 5

136.877
134.844
132.811
130.778
128.745
126.712
124.679
122.646
120.613
118.580
116.546
114.513
112.480
110.447
108.414
106.381
104.348
102.315
100.282
98.249
96.215
94.182
92.149
90.116
88.083
86.050
84.017
81.984
79.951
77.918
75.885
73.851
71.818
69.785
67.752
65.719
63.686
61.653
59.620
57.587
55.554
53.520
51.487
49.454
47.421
45.388
43.355
41.322
39.289
37.256
35.223

0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

5.475 2.765
5.394 2.508
5.312 2.258
5.231 2.014
5.150 1.777
5.068 1.546
4.987 1.322
4.906 1.104
4.825 0.893
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
46.348 16.185

0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

5.475
5.394
5.312
5.231
5.150
5.068
4.987
4.906
4.825
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
46.348

0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5.475
5.394
5.312
5.231
5.150
5.068
4.987
4.906
4.825
4.743
4.662
4.581
4.499
4.418
4.337
4.255
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
77.843

Diagrams

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

Libya, Nalut
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II

sheet 1 of 2

BS 8004:1986 etc.

0
300
300
3200
3200
300
300
0
0
0
0
0
0

3200

2000

ULT. MT (KNM)

MOMENT
DIAGRAM
50
100

150

0.00

0.58

1.16

1.74

2.32

2.90

WALL GEOMETRY
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
4000

0
0
400
400
650
650
2000
2000
0
0
0
0
0

0.00
0.06
0.12
0.17
0.23
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.70
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.33
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.80
1.86
1.91
1.97
2.03
2.09
2.15
2.20
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.49
2.55
2.61
2.67
2.73
2.78
2.84
2.90

WALL (M)

UTM= 98.14
98.14
0.00
0
0.06
0.0221
0.12
0.0885
0.17
0.199
0.23
0.3538
0.29
0.5529
0.35
0.7961
0.41
1.0836
0.46
1.4154
0.52
1.7913
0.58
2.2115
0.64
2.6759
0.70
3.1846
0.75
3.7374
0.81
4.3346
0.87
5.4301
0.93
6.9684
0.99
8.5508
1.04
10.178
1.10
11.848
1.16
13.564
1.22
15.323
1.28
17.127
1.33
18.974
1.39
20.867
1.45
22.803
1.51
24.783
1.57
26.808
1.62
28.877
1.68
30.99
1.74
33.148
1.80
35.475
1.86
37.993
1.91
40.588
1.97
43.264
2.03
46.02
2.09
48.859
2.15
51.782
2.20
54.79
2.26
57.886
2.32
61.071
2.38
64.346
2.44
67.713
2.49
71.173
2.55
74.728
2.61
78.379
2.67
82.129
2.73
85.978
2.78
89.929
2.84
93.982
2.90
98.139

3000

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

22.98
11.65
8.74
11.888
11.89
0.00

2000

MTE=
MTLG=
MTLQ=
MTSG=
MTSQ=
MTW=

YY= 2.9

1000

Location

WALL (mm)

Project

BASE ( mm)

Page 6

Made by smp

Job No F01
Date 12-Jan-15

Project
Location

University of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi (Nalut campus)

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
Libya, Nalut
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994.

Made by smp

BS 8004:1986 etc.

WALL
MR=
As/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

15.06
MIN SPACING=
0.008
MSBB=
75.21
MSBT=
472134280
0.0013
0.0019
0.0004066
77.265761
0.26
0.0015
15.06
0.0023
56.50
359440094
0.0004
0.0005
0.001398
108.61239
-0.20
-0.0009

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

em=

239
744
380

ASreq = 1321.9
ASBBreq = 0.01
ASBTreq = 1017.9

15.06
0.0055
80.69
700256021
0.0012
0.0016
0.0005561
86.810337
0.22
0.0011

Page 7

Job No F01
Date 12-Jan-15

fs = 252.03Asprov%= 0.8378
fs = 0.0054Asprov%= 0.2318
fs = 232.89Asprov%= 0.5539

Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended
will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application.
(including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA,
subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all BCA software and publications are subject
time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concre
8110 and EC2' available from British Cement Association, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS
Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.
Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date

Version

Action

Size (kB)

06-Aug-99

RCC62 v1.0

First public release.

Includes b version comments

398

Page 8

Notes

Page 9

Notes

d Concrete Council is intended for those who

lity for its use and application. No liability
ation is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their
and publications are subject to revision from
st version.

ation 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS

owthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.

Page 10