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'Royal Palace' on 9th January 1905. Q: Write a short note

SOCIAL
Contemporary World, World Upto The World War-II
4 Marks Questions
Q: What were the causes for 1905
Revolution in Russia?
A: Causes for the 1905 Revolution in Russia:
Corruption: The government headed by
Nicholas-II who fell into the hands of flatters
was oppressive in nature and highly corruptive.
The flatters forced Czar to fulfil their greed.
Social Discontent: Nobles and clergy enjoyed
privileges. They were hated by common peo-
ple.
Influence of Rasputin and Czarina: Czarist
regime was very much criticised by common
man. Czar was influenced by Czarina and
Thousands of people were killed in the police
firing. Since it was Sunday, the incident was
named as 'Bloody Sunday' in the History of
Russia.
2 Marks Questions
Q: Write a short note on Lenin.
A: Lenin: Vladimir Illich Vlyanov Lenin is the
original and full name of Lenin.
★ He joined and worked in the Social
Democratic Party in Russia.
★ He edited the party newspaper 'Iskra'.
★ He differed from the Social Democratic Party
and established the Bolshevik party in 1903
A.D.
★ He was dreaming the proletariat dictatorship
in Russia, if necessary by force.
★ He was attracted to the Marxist ideology
very much.
on Sukarno.
A: Sukarno: Sukarno
was a great states-
man of Indonesia.
❊ He was the founder
of Indonesian
National party in
1927. the countries of Bosnia, Serbia, Rumania,
❊ He led the National Movement against the Albania and Montenegro. They were under
Dutch people and was arrested. the control of Turkish Sultan.
❊ He was the head of collaboration govern- ✵ The Christian (Balkan) subjects were hoping
ment when Japan invaded Indonesia in and preparing themselves for independence
1941. and National self determination.
❊ Sukarno established the Indonesian ✵ Slavs and Serbs in Balkans started agita-
Republic on 17th August 1945. tions in this direction. It led to a war against
❊ Later he became the president of Indonesia Turkey.
in 1950. ✵ They sought the help of neighbouring coun-
❊ He was one of the pioneers of Non-Aligned tries.
✵ Rivalry prevailed between Austria and

What is Balkan Issue?

Rasputin who was a vile monk.
Whims and caprices of the Czar: The
Russian soldiers were slaves to whims and
caprices of the Czar. The army crushed the
common ruthlessly. So the people were very
angry at them.
Common aim: Several revolutionary organisa-
tion and parties sprang up in Russia. The
Social Democratic Party was chief among
them. All the political parties, liberals,
Socialists, Constitutional Monarchists had a
common goal of elimination of Czarism in
Russia.
Declaration of Czar: Czar's declaration to pro-
tect the autocracy dashed ground all hopes of
the people for freedom and they grew anguish
against Czar.
Problem of Russian language: The order of
making Russian language compulsory wors-
ened the situation further and provoked not
only foreigners but also Russians.
Defeat of Russia by Japan: Popular discon-
tentment rose to new heights when Russia was
defeated by a tiny nation Japan.
Course: All over Russia, people organised
strikes and a revolutionary wave emerged.
'Father Gapon' led the revolutionary forces to
★ He led the Bolshevik
Revolution in 1917.
★ He overthrew the
Mensheviks and established
the workers Government
with the help of Trotsky.
★ He gained an immortal
M. CHAKRAPANI
place in the History of
Russia.
Q: What was SWAPO?
A: SWAPO: The full form of SWAPO is South
West African People's Organisation.
✪ This was formed by the Nationalists of
Namibia.
✪ Expelling the South African Government was
the primary aim of SWAPO.
✪ The vigorous armed struggle launched by
SWAPO changed the shape of Namibian
National Movement.
✪ The U.N.O. declared its support to SWAPO
through the 'Decolonisation Committee'.
✪ Finally SWAPO was successful and Namibia
got independence in 1989.
Serbia.
✵ Mean while the Sarajevo incident took place
and the First World War began.
1 Mark Questions
Movement.
Q: What is meant by 'Fascism'?
Q: What was immediate cause of First
A: The word Fascism was denied from Roman
World War?
word 'Fascio' means 'Bundle of Rods'.
A: Immediate cause of the First World Fascism opposed democracy, socialism, lib-
War: ✫ Francis Ferdinand the Prince eralism and individualism.
of Austria was murdered along with his
Q: What is 'Meiji Restoration'?
wife by a Bosnian Serb at Sarajevo.
A: In Japan, the feudalism was abolished and
✫ Austria resolved to take action against
the emperor was restored to power. It was
Bosnia and demanded the Serbian
named as 'Meiji Restoration'.
Government accordingly through an
Q: Who were the members of Triple
ultimatum.
Entente'?
✫ Serbia did not respond properly. So Austria
A: England, Russia and France.
declared war on Serbia on 28th July 1914.
Q: Write the importance of Atlantic Charter?
✫ Russia supported Serbia. Germany declared
war on Russia. France declared war on A: 'Atlantic Charter' was an agreement signed
by the (then) Prime Minister of England
Germany. Germany attacked Belgium.
England attacked Germany. Mr. Wintston Churchill and the President of
U.S.A., F.D. Roosevelt on 14th August 1941
✫ World war took its step, on 1st August 1914.
in a ship in Atlantic ocean. This helped
Q: What is Balkan Issue?
America to enter Second World War.
A: Balkan Issue: ✵ Balkan Peninsula included
-ØÓ-ö¸: -´’-JéÌ-Eo -´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -v°æ-¨¡o-©’, -G-ö¸ -¶«uçé˙, Ææd-úŒ -§ƒx-Ø˛ éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. (Writer - MSR Distance Academy
Director, Guntur)
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/pratibha_intro/pratibhassc.htm

ENGLISH
Important essay type questions from the novel
“The Prince and the Pauper”
1. ‘The Prince and the Pauper’ is a social satire
and an attack on the inequality that existed
between the British aristocracy and the poor
during the sixteenth century – Comment.
grandeur of the palace. There are people who
steal a yard of cloth and a loaf of bread and are
punished for doing so.
Twain does not spare the archaic laws of
Tudor England. Yokel, a farmer, is forced to beg
when the King grabs his lands. Innocent
women are burnt alive in front of their daugh-
ters for their religious beliefs.
small, decayed and rickety, and it was full of “True, I had not thought of that. Very well, I
wretchedly poor families. The entire Canty shall consider her punishment. Is your father
tribe occupied a single room on the third kind to you?”
floor. Tom’s twin sisters, Bet and Nan, were “No more than my Grandma.”
fifteen years old. They dressed in rags, and 1. What is the name of the little Prince?
were unclean and profoundly ignorant, but 2. Who did he want to execute?
they were good-hearted girls. His mother
3. The Tower is...
was like them. But his father and his grand-
a) A palace b) a prison c) a bridge
mother were a couple of fiends.
4. What kind of people were kept at the Tower?

Wher e did Tom and his family live?

A: Satire is a literary work in which vices, fol-
lies, stupidities, abuses etc. are held up to
ridicule and contempt. Mark Twain’s “The
Prince and the Pauper” is a social satire in
many ways. It attacks on the ageless human
folly of attempting to measure true worth of
a person by outer appearances.
Tom is a beggar boy. But he exhibits
greater wit and logic than any other courtier
while dispensing justice as the King. Miles
Hendon compels the respect of even the most
heartless people by his sacrifice. But in his
‘fancy worn-out clothes’, he looks like a scare-
crow. Edward Tudor, in Tom’s rags, in spite of
his royal brought up looks like a startling
apparition when he returns to reclaim his
throne. The hermit who moves deep into the
forest dons the robes of a hermit. Yet he does
not shun his sense of vengeance.
On another front the novel holds how
unjust the inequality that existed between the
classes in Tudor England. Offal court, a foul
area in London stands in contrast to the
If John Canty is cruel to his son
Tom Canty, it is for his food and sur-
vival. Whereas Hugh Hendon is cruel
to his brother Miles Hendon because
of his greed and lust. In course of
time Tom, the pauper gets used to
the royal ways. But Edward, the
prince cannot lead the life of a pau-
N.Aravind
per.
All these hold the callousness of the then
upper class that had cherished keeping up the
so called class distinctions.
Thus the novel, “the Prince and the
Pauper” is a delightful satire of England’s
romantic past.
Comprehension Passages
Read the following passages carefully and
answer the questions that follow.
I. The house in which Tom and his family lived
was in a foul area called Offal Court. It was
5. Were Tom’s father and grandmother kind to
him?
Answers
1. Where did Tom and his family Passage-I:
live? 1. Tom and his family lived in a foul area called
2. What kind of families lived in the Offal Court.
building? 2. Wretchedly poor families lived in the build-
3. What were the names of Tom’s ing.
sisters? 3. Bet and Nan were Tom’s sisters.
4. Describe the appearance of 4. Tom’s sisters were unclean and ignorant, but
Tom’s sisters. they were good-hearted girls.
5. How many members did the Canty family 5. Tom, his two sisters, his father and mother
consist of? and his grandma – six of them.
II. A fierce look came into the little Prince’s Passage-II:
eyes, and he cried out, “WHAT! Beatings? 1. Edward Tudor.
But you are so frail and small! Why, I’ll have 2. The grandmother of Tom Canty.
her executed at the Tower!”. 3. (b) a prison.
“No, sir, you forget, the Tower is only for noble 4. Noble or important people.
or important people!” 5. No, they were not.
-ØÓ-ö¸: -´’-JéÌ-Eo -´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -v°æ-¨¡o-©’, Ææd-úŒ -§ƒx-Ø˛ éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. (Writer- Lecturer, Sri Majeti
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/pratibha_intro/pratibhassc.htm Guravayya College, Guntur)