1. Which one is not an output device?

Printer
Monitor
Keyboard
Modem
2. Which one works as an output and input device?
Modem
Scanner
Mouse
Monitor
3. All computers must have:
Word processing software
An operating system
A printer attached
A virus checking program
4. The brain of the computer is called:
Random Access Memory or RAM
Central Processing Unit or CPU
Read Only Memory or ROM
BIOS
5. An operating system is:
Integrated software
CD-ROM software
Application software
System software
6. Software is:
A computer program
A set of instructions

All of the above

Only in operating systems
7. One MB is equal to:
The amount of RAM in every computer
1 billion bytes
1024KB
1 thousand bytes
8. The resolution of a monitor is measured in:
Megabits
Hz
Dots per inch (DPI)
Inches (diagonal)
9. Windows and Macintosh computers:
Are both manufactured by Motorola
Both use Intel microprocessors
Use the same operating system
Are not compatible
10. A computer port is used to:
Communicate with other computer peripherals
Download files from the web
Communicate with all hard drives
Connect computers together
Computer Knowledge test MCQ objective Questions For KVS PGT PRT PO Clerical jobs
Basic Knowledge of PCs is required in every field .
Which of the Following is not real security and privacy risk:
Hackers
Spam
viruses

identity theft
Who is known as father of computersLord Wellington
Charles Babbage
Jack Kilby
Bill Gates
ROM stands for ?
Random Only Memory
Readable Only Memory
Read Only Memory
Random Other Memory
Which process is used by large retailers to study trends?
data mining
data selection
POS
data conversion
In the first generation computers Built between ( 1945 -1956) What was used for calculations ?
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Very Large Scale integration
Vacuum Tubes
1 Kilobyte equals to how many bytes ?
1000
1024
100
1008
Recycle Bin is a ?

Folder on desktop
File on a desktop
Folder in my computer
File in my computer
The ability to recover and read deleted or damaged files from a computer is called?
Robotics
Simulation
computer forensics
animation
UPS stands for ?
United Power Solutions
Uninterrupted Power Supply
Uninterrupted Power Solution
United Power Supply
ISP stands for ?
Internet Service Product
Intranet Service Product
Internet Service Provider
Internet Source Permission
Which tags are placed on animals, to track all of the animals movements.
POS
RFID
PPS
GPS
The Number System based on "0" and "1" only is known as
Binary System
Barter System

Number System
Hexa Dexcimal System
Typical unit of Data transfer rate in computers is ?
Bauds
Bytes
bits per seconds
MBPS
Which of the following is an advantage of using a Local Area Network (LAN)?
Protects against virus infection
Shared Resources
Data Security
Prevents Computer misuse
Worlds first computer was called?
UNIX
ENIAC
PENTIUM
APPLE
What does a bug in a computer system mean?
A virus
PC Booting problem
Problems caused by bugs getting inside the CPU
Mistake in a program
Server is a ?
Multimedia CD
Personal computer
Multi-user computer
Integretad Data management policy List

What is Internet ?
Network of all computers in a company not connected to web
Network of home Computers
Global network of computers
none of the above
Which of the following is not an integral part of computer
CPU
Mouse
Monitor
UPS
RAM stands for?
Revolutionary Access Memory
Relational Access Memory
Rotational Access Memory
Random Access Memory
The instructions given to the computer with the help of mouse or keyboard are
Insert
Instructions
Guides
Input
For sending and receiving data from and to other computers around the world through
telephone lines, we need
FAX
Modem
Scanner
Hub
Brain of the computer is also known as the name ?
Monitor

Keyboard
CPU
Mouse
MS Excel is used for ?
Letter Writing
Spread sheet calculation
Presentation
Painting
VDU stands for ?
Visual data unit
Verified Data unit
Verify display Unit
Visual display unit
Basic Computer Knowledge Quiz
1) What type of device is a computer monitor?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage
2) What type of device is a computer keyboard?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage
3) What type of devices are computer speakers or headphones?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage

4) A computer tower is NOT:

a) A CPU
b) Hardware
c) the "Heart" of the computer
d) A peripheral
5) Of the 4 words listed below, which one does NOT belong?
a) Applications
b) Peripherals
c) Programs
d) Software
6) What type of device is a computer printer?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage
7) What type of device is a 3 1/2 inch floppy drive?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage
8) What type of device is a computer mouse?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage
9) What type of devices are CDs or DVDs?
a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage

10) What type of device is a digital camera?

a) Input
b) Output
c) Software
d) Storage

Computer knowledge MCQ For Bank PO exams

Computer Knowledge
1. A typically connects personal computers
limited geographical area, usually within a single building.

within

very

(A)LAN
(B)BAN
(C)TAN
(D)NAN
(E) None of these
Answer.A
2. Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is
ca1led
(A)utilizing
(B)hatching
(C)upgrading
(D)processing
(E) None of these
Answer.D
3. An email address typicallyconsists of a user ID followed by the ,.,
sign and the name of
the e-rnaii server that manages the users electronic post office box.
(A) @
(B) #
(C) &
(D) *
(E) None of these
Answer.A

4. Software applies .,. , also called algorithms, to process data.

(A) arithmetic
(B) procedures
(C) objects
(D) rules
(E) None of these
Answer.A
5. A file extension is separated from the main file name with a(n) . ..,.,, but
no spaces.
(A) question mark
(B) exclamation mark
(C) underscore
(D) period
(E) None of these
Answer.E
6. An ad hoc query is a
(A) pre-planned question
(B) prescheduled question
(C) spurof-the-moment question
(D) question that will not return any results
(E) None of these
Answer.B
7. A Web consists of one or more Web pages located on a Web server.
(A) hub
(B) site
(C) story
(D) template
(E) None of these
Answer.B
8. A computer is a set of program instructions that can attach itself to
a file, reproduce
itself, and spread to other files.

(A) worm
(B) virus
(C) trojan horse
(D) phishing scam
(E) None of these
Answer.B
9. The desktop contains small graphics called
(A) windows
(B) logos
(C) icons(D) pictures
(E) None of these
Answer.C
10. C, BASIC, COBOL, and ]ava are examples of .r. languages.
(A) low-level
(B) computer
(C) system programming
(D) high-level
(E) None of these
Answer.D
11. A(n) .,. camera is a peripheral device used to capture still images in
a digital format that
can be easily transferred into a computer and manipulated using graphics
software.
(A) digital
(B) analog
(C) classic
(D) film
(E) None of these
Answer.A
12. makes it possible for shoppers to make purchases using their
computers.

(A) E-world
(B) Ecommerce
(C) E-spend
(D) E-business
(E) None of these
Answer.D
13. Networks are monitored by security personnel and super- vised by , .,.,
who set(s) up
accounts and passwords for authorized network users.
(A) IT managers
(B) the government
(C) network administrators
(D) password administrators
(E) None of these
Answer.C
14. Application software is designed to accomplish
(A) real world tasks
(B) computer-centric tasks
(C) gaming tasks `
(D) operating system tasks
(E) None of these
Answer.D
15. A telephone number, a birth date, and a customer name are all
examples of(A) a record
(B) data
(C) a file
(D) a database
(E) None of these
Answer.D
16. The human-readable version of a program is called
(A) source code
(B) program code

(C) human code

(D) system code
(E) None of these
Answer.D
17. A computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight
personal computer
that incorporates the screen, the keyboard, storage, and processing
components into a single
portable unit.
(A) notebook
(B) journal
(C) diary
(D) briefcase
(E) None of these
Answer.A
18. ..,,., is the result produced by a computer.
(A) Data
(B) Memory
(C) Output
(D) Input
(E) None of these
Answer.C
19. Programs such as Internet Explorer that serve as navigable windows into
the Web are called~
(A) Hypertext
(B) Networks
(C) Internet
(D) Web browsers
(E) None of these
Answer.D
20. A is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes
your computer
with battery backup power during a power outage.

(A) surge strip

(B) USB
(C) UPS
(D) battery strip
(E) None of these
Answer.C
21. When you save to .,.., your data will remain intact even when the
computer is turned off.
(A) RAM
(B) motherboard
(C) secondary storage device
(D) primary storage device
(E) None of these
Answer.C
22. The motherboard is the
(A) circuit board that houses peripheral devices
(B) same as the CPU chip
(C) the first dup that is accessed when the computer is turned on
(D) circuit board that contains a CPU and other chips
(E) None of these
Answer.D
23. A computer-intensive problem runs on a
(A) server
(B) main frame
(C) supercomputer
(D) super PC
(E) None of these
Answer.C
24. A(n).. . converts and executes one statement at a time.
(A) compiler
(B) interpreter
(C) converter

(D) instructions
(E) None of these
Answer.B
25. The term . .. designates equipment that might be added to a computer
system to enhance
_ its functionality.
(A) digital device
(B) system add~on
(C) disk pack
(D) peripheral device
(E) None of these
Answer.D
26. Approximately how many bytes make one megabyte
(A) One thousand
(B) Ten thousand
(C) One hundred
(D) One million
(E) None of these
Answer.D
27. What is MP3 ?
(A) A mouse
(B) A Printer
(C) A Sound format
(D) A Scanner
(E) None of these
Answer.C
28. All the deleted files go to
(A) Recycle Bin
(B) Task Bar
(C) Tool Bar
(D) My Computer
(E) None of these
Answer.A

29. .., this is the act of copyingor downloading a program from a

network and making multiple copies of it.
(A) -Network piracy
(B) Plagiarism
(C) Software piracy
(D) Sitelicense piracy
(E) None of these
Answer.C
30. A directory within a directory is called(A) Mini Directory
(B) Junior Directory
(C) Part Directory
(D) Sub Directory
(E) None of these
Answer.D
31. Which is the best definition of a software package ?
(A) An add-on for your computer such as additional memory
(B) A set of computer programs used for a certain function such as word
processing
(C) A protection you can buy for a computer
(D) The box, manual and license agreement that accompany commercial
software
(E) None of these
Answer.B
32. In MICR, C stands for .
(A) Code
(B) Colour
(C) Computer
(D) Character
(E) None of these
Answer.D
33. Fax machines and imaging systems are examples off

(A) bar-code readers

(B) imaging systems
(C) scanning devices
(D) pen-based systems
(E) None of these
Answer.B
34. When writing a document, you 0can use the .,..,. feature to find an
appropriate word or an
alternative word if you find yourself stuck for the right word.
(A) dictionary
(B) word finder
(C) encyclopedia
(D) thesaurus
(E) None of these
Answer.A
35. Which key is used in combination with another key to perform a specific
task ?
(A) Function
(B) Control
(C) Arrow
(D) Space bar
(E) None of these
Answer.B
36. A disks content that is recorded at the time of manufacture and that
cannot be changed or erased by the user is
(A) read-only
(B) memory-only
(C) run-only
(D) write-only
(E) None of these
Answer.A
37. In an information system, alpha numeric data normally takes the form
of~

(A) Sentences and paragraphs

(B) Numbers and alphabetical characters
(C) Graphic shapes and figures
(D) Human voice and other sounds
(E) None of these
Answer.B
38. A Websites main page is called its(A) home page
(B) browser page
(C) search place
(D) bookmark
(E) None of these
Answer.A
39. When installing , the user must copy and usually decompress
program files from a CD-ROM or other medium to the hard disk.
(A) programming software
(B) system hardware
(C) applications hardware
(D) applications software
(E) None of these
Answer.A
40. A collection of interrelated files in a computer is a
(A) file manager
(B) field
(C) record
(D) database
(E) None of these
Answer.D
41. A computer is a large and expensive computer capable of
simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.
(A) server
(B) mainframe
(C) desktop

(D) tablet
(E) None of these
Answer.B
42. The trend in computer systems is toward the use of graphical user
interfaces (GUIS). In these operating systems, a trackball is described as(A) a roller ball which moves the cursor
(B) a pen-shaped device which allows data to be entered through the CRT
screen
(C) a figure which resembles a familiar office device
(D) an outdated input device
(E) None of these
Answer.A
43. Various applications and documents are represented on the Windows
desktop by(A) Symbols
(B) Labels
(C) Graphs
(D) Icons
(E) None of these
Answer.D
44. What is usually used for displaying information at public places ?
(A) Monitors
(B) Overhead Projections
(C) Monitors and Overhead Projections
(D) Touch Screen Kiosks
(E) None of these
Answer.D
45. The real business and competitive value of information techno- logy lies
in4
(A) The software applications that are used by many companies
(B) The capabilities of the soft- ware and value of the information a business
acquires and uses
(C) The infrastructure of hard- ware, networks, and other ITfacilities that are

commonly used
by many companies
(D) The capabilities of the hardware and the speed at which it processes
information
(E) None of these
Answer.B
46. Companies use which of the following vendors to provide access to
software and services
rather than purchasing the applications and maintaining the applications
themselves ?
(A) Open source vendors
(B) Alliances
(C) Application service providers
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
Answer.C
47. V7hich one of the following would be considered as a way that a
computer virus can enter a
computer system ?
(A) Opening an application previously installed on the computer
(B) Borrowed copies of software
(C) Viewing a website without causing any additional transactions
(D) Running antivirus programs
(E) None of these
Answer.B
48. Collecting personal information and effectively posing as another
individual is known as the crime of(A) spooling
(B) dentity theft
(C) spoofing
(D) hacking
(E) None of these
Answer.B
49, The first step in the transaction processing cycle is

(A) database operations

(B) audit V
(C) data entry
(D) user inquiry
(E) None of these
Answer.C
50. In the information systems concept, the output function involves
(A) Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be
processed
(B) Transformation processes that convert input into output
(C) Transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation
process to their
ultimate destination
(D) Monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is
moving toward the
achievement of its goal
(E) None of these
Answer.A
Presentation Transcript
Basic Hardware Knowledge and Troubleshooting :
08.17.2009 Pradeep.V.K.Chimalapati Basic Hardware Knowledge and Troubleshooting
AIM OF THE SESSION :
AIM OF THE SESSION To understand system specifications To understand
components inside a system Installation of OS and drivers on a system Test system
maintaining and Basic Troubleshooting 2
Topics to be covered :
Topics to be covered Basic overview of a Mother Board Processors Intel Processors
AMD Processors CPU Sockets Memory (RAM Types) PC Chipset Expansion slots
(AGP, PCI, PCIE) Power Connecters Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting Installation
of OS and Booting Process ???Questions ??? 3
Basic overview of a Mother Board :
Basic overview of a Mother Board 4
Processors :
Processors 7

Processor :
Processor A short form for microprocessor and also often called the CPU Responsible
for every single thing the PC does The microprocessor is the heart of any normal
computer 8
Processor Specification :
Processor Specification Processor Name Types: 32 Bit/64 Bit, Core(Single, Dual, Quad
etc), Hyper-Threading Internal Clock Speed 9
Multi Core(Dual, Quad etc) :
Multi Core(Dual, Quad etc) A multi-core processor is a processing system composed of
two or more independent cores (or CPUs). The cores are typically integrated onto a
single integrated circuit die (known as a chip multiprocessor or CMP), or they may be
integrated onto multiple dies in a single chip package. A dual-core processor contains
two cores, and a quad-core processor contains four cores. A multi-core processor
implements multiprocessing in a single physical package. 10
Hyper-Threading :
Hyper-Threading Hyper-threading (officially termed Hyper-Threading Technology or
HTT) is an Intel-proprietary technology used to improve parallelization of computations
(doing multiple tasks at once) performed on PC microprocessors. A processor with
hyper-threading enabled is treated by the operating system as two processors instead
of one. 12
INTEL Processors :
INTEL Processors Processors for Desktop Intel Celeron processor(950 MHz to 2.80
GHz) Intel Pentium 4 processor supporting Hyper-threading Technology Intel
Pentium D processor(Dual Core Processor) Intel Pentium processor Extreme
Edition(Dual core with HT) Processor For Laptop Intel Pentium M processor
Processor For Workstation Intel Xeon Processor Processor For Server Intel
Itanium 2 processor 14
AMD Processors :
AMD Processors AMD Athlon(For PCs and Notebooks) Athlon 64 series 2800+ to
4000+, Single core, 1.8 to 2.4GHz Athlon 64 FX series FX 51, 53,55,57,60, 2.2 to 2.6
GHz Athlon 64 X2 Dual core -3800+ to 4800 +, Dual core, 2 to 2.4GHz. AMD
OPTRON(For Server and Workstations) Dual Core 32bit and 64bit computing AMD
TURION(For notebooks Mobile technology) 32bit/64bit computing AMD
SEMPRON(For PCs and Notebooks) Sempron series 2200+ to 3400+, 1.5GHz to 2
GHz, Single core 15
CPU SOCKETS :
CPU SOCKETS Pin Grid Array or PGA with Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) 16 Socket 478
type socket used for Intel's Pentium 4 and Celeron series CPUs Socket 939 - AMD
Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Opteron 100-series

CPU SOCKETS :
CPU SOCKETS Land Grid Array (LGA) in which the pins are on the socket side 17
Socket 775(also known as LGA 775 or Socket T) Intel Pentium 4, Pentium D, Celeron
D, Pentium Extreme Edition
Memory (RAM Types) :
Memory (RAM Types) 18
Memory (RAM Types) :
Memory (RAM Types) SDRAM SDRAM is Synchronous Dynamic Random Access
Memory. SDRAM comes in 168-pin DIMMs Speeds included PC-66, PC-100, and PC133, representing 66, 100 and 133 MHz 19 SDRAM has 168 pins and 2 notches
Memory (RAM Types) :
Memory (RAM Types) DDR RAM DDR SDRAM is Double-Data-Rate Synchronous
Dynamic Random Access Memory It achieves greater bandwidth than ordinary
SDRAM by transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal
Power consumption 2.5 V 20 DDR memory has 184 pins and one notch
Memory (RAM Types) :
Memory (RAM Types) DDR2 RAM Primary improvement that DDR2 brings over its
predecessor is the operation of the external data bus at twice the memory clock rate.
DDR2 SDRAM achieves 4 data transfers per memory clock cycle With a bus frequency
of say 100 MHz, DDR2 SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate of 3200 MB/s. Power
consumption 1.8 V 21 DDR2 memory has 240 pins and one notch
Memory (RAM Types) :
Memory (RAM Types) DDR3 RAM Primary benefit of DDR3 is the ability to transfer
twice the data rate of DDR2 Main benefit of DDR3 comes from the higher bandwidth
made possible by DDR3's 8-bit wide prefetch buffer Power Consumption 1.5 V 22
DDR3 memory has 240 pins and one notch
PC Chipset :
PC Chipset 23
PC CHIPSETS :
PC CHIPSETS Chipset often refers to the two main motherboard chips: the north
bridge and south bridge. The North bridge, also known as a Memory Controller Hub
(MCH), typically handles communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP port or PCI
Express, and the south bridge. The Southbridge, also known as an I/O Controller Hub
(ICH), handles PCI bus , ISA bus , DMA controller, Interrupt controller, IDE (SATA or
PATA) controller, Non-volatile BIOS memory etc 24
EXPANSION SLOTS :
EXPANSION SLOTS 26

Expansion Slots :
Expansion Slots AGP- Accelerated Graphics Port (Advanced Graphics Port) Is a highspeed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard,
primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics 27 AGP Slot
Expansion Slots :
Expansion Slots PCI- Peripheral Component Interconnect Is a computer bus for
attaching hardware devices in a computer Typical PCI cards used in PCs include:
network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as USB or serial, TV tuner
cards, video cards and disk controllers 32Bit and 64Bit bus width, 133MBps transfer
rate, 3.3 or 5 volt 28 32 Bit PCI Slots 64Bit PCI Slots
Expansion Slots :
Expansion Slots PCIE- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Is a computer
expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP standards
Typical PCI Express is used in consumer, server, and industrial applications, as a
motherboard-level interconnect (to link motherboard-mounted peripherals) and as an
expansion card interface for add-in boards. 29 PCI Express slots
Power Connecters :
Power Connecters 30 Mother board power connector 20 pin Add on device power
connector SATA power connector PCI Express card power connector
HARD DISKS :
31 HARD DISKS
Hard disk drive :
Hard disk drive Is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on
rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Types of Hard Disk drives PATA
(Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) SATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment) SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) USB External Hard Disk drives
32
Slide 33:
33 IDE connectors on Mother board 40 wire ribbon cable IDE cable connector SATA
Ports on mother board SATA cable connector SATA Power cable connector
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting :
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting Disk partitioning is the act or practice of dividing
the storage space of a hard disk drive into separate data areas known as partitions.
Once a disk is divided into several partitions, directories and files of different categories
may be stored in different partitions. All these primary partitions are described by 16byte entries that constitute the Partition Table which is located in the master boot
record (MBR). Partitioning can be done while installing the OS, or through utilities like
fdisk in DOS and disk manager in Windows If one partition becomes corrupt, only that

partition suffers and not the whole hard drive Two types of partitions(in case of
Windows based systems) Primary Extended 34
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting :
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting Disk partitioning is very useful because
Technical limitations (Like maximum partition size) FAT16 2GB, FAT32 -2TB (with
win2K, 32GB only), NTFS - 18 billion Gigabytes If one partition becomes corrupt, only
that partition suffers and not the whole hard drive Each partition can be customized to
different requirements Partitioning can be done while installing the OS, or through
utilities like fdisk in DOS and disk manager in Windows or third party utilities like
Partition Magic. 37
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting :
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting Disk formatting is the process of preparing a
hard disk or other storage medium for use, including setting up an empty file system.
Different partitions can be formatted with different file systems Formatting a drive (or
partition) destroys the computer's records of the data it contains Disk formatting is the
only process of preparing a hard disk for use with the file system Different partitions
can be formatted with different file systems Difference between Deleting and
Formatting 38
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting :
Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting FILE SYSTEMS : File system is a method for
storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find
and access them. 1. File Allocation Table (FAT) Developed by Microsoft Used in DOS,
Windows up to Win-ME. Two versions FAT16, FAT32 FAT keeps record of clusters
on a partition, in which data is stored (Cluster mapping ) 2. NTFS (New Technology File
System) Used from Windows 2000 onwards Not backward compatible Increased
security 39
Slide 40:
40 Format option window of Windows XP Quick format will not check for bad sectors
on the disk while formatting. So it is fast
Installation of OS and Booting Process :
Installation of OS and Booting Process 42
Installing WINDOWS: Pointers :
Installing WINDOWS: Pointers BIOS settings Booting from CD Hard Disk Partitioning
File copy and finishing installation Installing drivers Installing Anti virus Installing
Patches Creating test folders Copying of test files Create Restore points and/or create
an Image for the setup 43
Booting Process :

Booting Process Booting is a process sequence that starts operating systems when
the user turns on a computer system. So what are the steps the computer takes to get
started ? 1. BIOS program initialization. 2. Power On Self Test (POST) 3. Search for
boot device as per the boot order setting in BIOS. 4. BIOS reads Master boot record of
the boot device, which contains the partition information and codes for loading OS 5.
The MBR reads the boot sector which is the first sector of the active partition. This
sector contains the code that starts Ntldr which is the boot strap loader for Windows
XP. 44
Booting Process: Cont. :
Booting Process: Cont. 6. The Ntldr start the file system, read boot.ini file and put up
the boot menu 7. Selecting XP from the boot menu causes Ntldr to run Ntdetect.com to
get information about installed hardware 8. Ntldr, then, loads the two files that make up
the core of XP: Ntoskrnl.exe and Hal.dll 9. Ntldr reads the registry files, selects a
hardware profile, control set and loads device drivers, in order. 10. Then, Ntoskrnl.exe
takes over and starts Winlogon.exe which starts Lsass.exe (Local Security
Administration), this is the program that displays the Welcome screen and allows the
user to log on with his/her user name and password. 45
References :
References
External
Links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit
http://www.intel.com/products/processor/index.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi_boot http://pctutorials.co.cc/ 46