Nelson Mandela

Cynthia A, Kelsey E, Delilah R

Createahistoricalquestionthatwilldirectyourresearch:
HowdidNelsonMandelafightforequalityinSouthAfrica?

Credible(reliable)sourcesALLendswith.orgorgovor.edu

PrimarySource(atleast5):Sourceswritten/createdatthetimeoftheeventi.e:diaries,
newspaperarticles,pieceofart,statue,interviewwithsomeonewhowentthroughan
event.photographs,autobiographies

SecondarySource(atleast5):Sourceswrittenmorerecentlyaboutatopic,many
books,websites,textbooks,newspaper,magazinearticleswrittenrecentlyabouta
topic.Interviewwitharelativeofapersonwhoexperiencedanevent.(Biographies)

Backgroundinformation:

In office: 10 May 1994 14 June 1999

Born: July 18th, 1918. Died: December 5th, 2013
6 children
Occupations: Activist, Politician, Philanthropists, Lawyer
Religion: Methodists (The methodists movement is a group of historically related
denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the
life and teachings of John Wesley)

Links:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela<onlyuseforbackgroundinformation,
notasasource

http://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography

http://nelsonmandelafightingforequality.weebly.com/humanrightsreform.html

http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voicesforhumanrights/champions/nelsonmande
la.html
http://www.anc.org.za/list_by.php?by=Nelson%20Mandela
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mandela/mandelaspeech.html
http://www.nelsonmandela.org
1

Books:

Research(Facts):
primarysource:IamtheFirstAccused.IholdaBachelor'sDegreeinArtsand

practisedasanattorneyinJohannesburgforanumberofyearsinpartnership
withOliverTambo.I'maconvictedprisonerservingfiveyearsforleavingthe
countrywithoutapermitandforincitingpeopletogoonstrikeattheendofMay
1961.NelsonMandela.Website:
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mandela/mandelaspeech.html
secondarysource:AmemberoftheAfricanNationalCongresspartybeginning
inthe1940s,hewasaleaderofbothpeacefulprotestsandarmedresistance
againstthewhiteminoritysoppressiveregimeinaraciallydividedSouthAfrica.
http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/madiba
secondarysource:NelsonMandela,whileincreasinglypoliticallyinvolvedfrom
1942,onlyjoinedtheAfricanNationalCongressin1944whenhehelpedtoform
theANCYouthLeague.www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography
secondarysource:In1944,hejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)and
activelyworkedtoabolishtheapartheidpoliciesoftherulingNationalParty.
secondarysource:HethenjoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC).Ithad
beenfoundedin1912tofightforblacksrightsinSouthAfrica.TheANCused
theprinciplesofnonviolentprotestdevelopedbyMohandasGandhiinIndia.
WithintheANC,MandelaandotheryoungmembersformedtheAfricanYouth
League.Hemastermindedaseriesofdemonstrationsinwhichvolunteers
deliberatelybrokeapartheidlaws.Thegroupsadoptedaprogramofreforms
knownastheFreedomCharter.
primarysource:Becausetheguardsofsegregationwereeverywhereinthe
whiteworld,andIsawblackpeoplewhounwittinglydisobeyedthemcursed,
beatenorthrowninjail,IbecameincreasinglyselfconsciouswitheachstepI
took.
Primarysource:InauguralAddressSouthAfricasfirstallraceelectionsheldin
April1994,producedthenationsfirstblackpresident,NelsonMandela.We
pledgeourselvestoliberateallourpeoplefromthecontinuingbondageof
poverty,deprivation,suffering,genederandotherdiscrimination.Wesucceeded
totakeourlaststepstofreedominconditionsofrelativepeace.
2

 Secondary:ApersonlikeMandelahasNOLIMITATIONSinregardstohowand
whenagoalistobecompleted.Website:
http://nelsonmandelafightingforequality.weebly.com
Primary:"Ihavefoughtagainstwhitedomination,andIhavefoughtagainstblack
domination.Website:
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2013/0624/5bestbooksbyNelsonMandela/LongW
alktoFreedomTheAutobiographyofNelsonMandela
Primary:

HowwasNelsonMandelaaLeader?
NelsonMandelatrainedasaLawyer.Hegrewintopoliticsbecausehesawandheard
hispeoplesaythattheyfeltmorefree.NelsonMandelaisoneoffewstatesmentohave
achievedalmostuniversalrespectaroundtheworldandacrossthepoliticalspectrum.

Pictures:

NelsonMandelain1918,whilehewasa
triballeader.
http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica20713377

http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/madiba

AnnotatedBibliography
1.Mandela,NelsonR.""IAmPreparedToDie"""IAmPreparedtoDie"(NelsonMandela's
StatementattheRivoniaTrialin1964).JSTOR,20002014.Web.20Nov.2014.

Annotation:InthisarticleNelsonMandelatalksabouttheequalitythatAfricansdeserveand
healsomentionstheANCorganizationthathewaspartof.Thishelpswiththetopicbecause
ithelpsthereaderunderstandwhatNelsonMandeladidandfoughther.

2.AfricanNationalCongress(ANC)."EncyclopaediaBritannica.N.p.:Encyclopaedia
Britannica,2011.15.EncyclopaediaBritannicaOnlineSchoolEdition.Web.12Nov.2012.
<http://school.eb.com/eb/article9003946?query=nelson%20mandela&ct=null>.

Annotation:ThisarticleisaboutwhattheAfricanNationalCongressactuallyis.Ittalksabout
alltheproblemsthatNelsonMandelafacedwhentryingtogettheorganizationtogether.This
sourceisreallyreliablebecauseitsinformationisbasedsolelyonrealfacts.

3."NelsonMandela'sAddresstoaRallyinCapeTownonHisReleasefromPrison."African
NationalCongress.ANC,n.d.Web.14Nov.2012.
<http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=4520>.

Annotation:ThisarticleisadirectspeechfromNelsonMandela.Hetalksaboutwhatheis
thankfulforandwhathappenedwhilebeinginprison.Howitchangedhim.Thissourceis
reallyimportantbecauseitgivesusabetterunderstandingonwhatNelsonMandelafelt?


4."NelsonRolihlahlaMandela."EncyclopediaofWorldBiography.Detroit:Gale,1998.
StudentResourcesinContext.Web.17Nov.2014.

Annotation:ThisarticletalksabouthowNelsonMandelaroseuptopoliticsandhowhetried
everythingtodestroyapartheidinaverypeacefulway.Thisisimportanttototheproject
becausethewaythatNelsonMandelatriedtobringequalitywasinpeacefulmanners.

5.Arias,Oscar."NelsonMandela,NobelPeacePrize,SouthAfricanPresident:YouthFor
HumanRightsChampion."NelsonMandela,NobelPeacePrize,SouthAfricanPresident:
YouthForHumanRightsChampion.YouthforHumanRightsInternational,20022014.Web.
23Nov.2014.

Annotation:InthissourceitinformsusabouttheresistancethatNelsonMandelaheldupand
howhedidntwanttogiveuphispositioninthepoliticsbecausehelovedwhathedidthat
much.ThiscanbeusefultothetopicbecauseitshowshowNelsonMandeladidntgiveup
andevenafterallthoseyearsofimprisonmenthestillfoughtbackwithpolitics.

6.Tambo,Oliver."NoEasyWalktoFreedom."Anc.org.za.ANC,1June1965.Web.3Dec.
2012.<http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=4275>.

Annotation:Tambo,OliverwasaclosefriendtoNelsonMandelaandthatmakesthissources
completelyreliableandcredible.HeusesdirectquotesfromNelsonMandelahimself.Oliver
Tambowasaleaderhimself,andhecanrelatetoNelsonasaleadertoo.

7."BiographyofNelsonMandela."BiographyNelsonMandelaFoundation.Nelson
MandelaFoundation,2014.Web.23Nov.2014.

Annotation:ThissourceisanimagethatshowsNelsonMandelaandothermembersata
university.Thiscanbeimportantbecauseitshowshisinvolvmentwithwhitepeopleandhis
fightforequalityforAfricans.

8."NelsonMandela."History.com.A&ETelevisionNetworks,2012.Web.8Dec.2012.

Annotation:Thissourceshowshowhelivedinbriefdescriptionsandallofhisaccomplishments.
IthinkthissourceisimportantbecauseitdescribesNelsonMandelaslifeanditsin
chronologicalorder.

Background
EarlyLife:
NelsonMandelawasbornJuly18,1918inthevillageMvezoinSouthAfrica.His
grandfatherwastheruleroftheThembupeople.Hewasnotabletoinheritthethrone
butwashighlyrecognizedasroyalty.Hegrewupwithtwosistersandworkedasa
cattleboy.Hewasthefirstofhisfamilytoattendschool.Atageninehisfatherhaddied
andhismomsenthimtolivewithJongintabaandhiswifeNoengland.Whenhewas16
hewentthrougharitualthattransitionedhimfromboytoman.

Education/Career/Accomplishments:
ThefirstschoolthatMandelaeverattendedwastheWesleyanmissionschool,where
hewasgivenhisAmericannameNelson.AttheFortHareUniversityhebecame
involvedintheStudentRepresentativeCouncil.MandelastudiedlawattheUniversityof
Witwatersrand.InJohannesburghegothisBachelorofArtsstudiesintheUniversityof
SouthAfrica.HeabandonedhiseducationthroughtheinvolvementoftheANC.Hethen
helpedfoundtheNationalCongressYouthLeague(ANCYL).Heandhisgoodfriend
OliverTambo,asleadersorganizedboycotts,peacefulprotests,andstrikes.Whenthey
arrestedhimandhewasinprisonfor27years,hewasabletogethislawdegree.
WhenhegotouthebecamePresidentoftheANC,andlaterbecamethePresidentof
SouthAfrica.Throughouttheyearshewashighlyrecognizedforhishardworkand
accomplishments,whichrewardedhimgreatly.Hegotkeystocitiesandmany
honorabledegrees.ButthemostknownrewardwaswhenhewasawardedtheNobel
PeacePrizein1993.

Quote:When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to
become an outlaw.

Links:
apartheid info- http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid

9.History.comStaff."Apartheid."History.A&ETelevisionNetworks,2010.Web.12Dec.
2014.

Annotation:Thissourceinformsusabouthowtheapartheidsystemcametobeandtherules
regardingthesystem.ThisisimportantbecauseapartheidwasthebiggestissuethatNelson
Mandelahelpedfightagainstandintheendheendeduphelpingaccomplishthatgoal.