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Why might the management of an organization not consider health and safety
to be a priority?
The barriers to good standards of health and safety in work place are:
1. Complexity
2. Conflicting demands
3. Behavioral issues
Complexity: Workplace can be complicated. Many people involve in many different
work activities need coordination.
Conflicting demands: a common conflict of interest is that between the need to
supply a product or a service at an appropriate speed so as to make a profit, and
need to do so safely and without risk of people.
Behavioral issues:
Good health and safety practice often relies on the perfect behavior of peoples
but sometime they do not behave in ideal way. For example a worker on
construction site should wear hard hats to protect form falling object but people
sometime deliberately do not wear hard hats.
Moral Social and Economic Reason for Health and Safety
Outline the Reasons why an organization should manage health and safety?
There are following main 3 reasons why an organization has to manage health and
safety
Moral, Social & Economic
1. Moral This about moral duty that one person has to another. Many people
killed, injured by other people work which is morally unacceptable.
2. Social (legal) Reason related to framework of law that governs the conduct
of business and organization. The legal responsibility for health and safety
at work rests on primarily on the employer. The employer has duty to provide
the following.
3. Economic Accident and ill health cost money. When an accident occurs there will
be direct and indirect costs associated the event. Some of these losses can be
Insured against many of them will be uninsured. When an accident occurs there are
two types of losses that the organization may face Direct Costs &Indirect Costs
Outline the direct & indirect costs that might arise from a workplace
accident?
The business case for health and safety
The business case of health and safety is simply that accident and ill health cost
money. When an accident occurs there will be direct and indirect cost associated
with event.
Direct Costs: The measureable costs arising directly from the accident, for
example first aid treatment, worker sick pay, repairs to or replacement of
damaged equipment, fines in the criminal courts
Indirect Costs: Those costs which are indirectly as a consequences, for
example loss of staff from productive duties in order to investigate the
incident, prepare reports, deal with relatives attend court proceeding, loss
of staff morale, loss of goodwill of customers and damage to public and
industrial image.
Uninsured Costs:
It has been estimated that uninsured losses are between eight and 36 times
greater than insured losses. Some examples of uninsured losses
Loss of raw materials due to accident.
Sick pay for injured workers.
Overtime to make up for lost production
Repair to damaged equipment.
The roles of national governments and international bodies:
The international labor organization (ILO) has set out convention C155 and
Recommendation R164which apply to workplace health and safety standards.
Most countries and regions have established legal standards that meet or
exceed the minimum standards set out in C155 and R164.
The international framework: In 1981 the ILO adopted the occupational safety and
health convention C155. This describes basic policy for health and safety at
national and individual undertaking level. The occupational safety and health
recommendation 1981 R-164 supplements C155 and provided more details that how
to comply with policies of C155.
Outline the legal duties that an employer has to comply with?
Employers Responsibilities
1. To ensure that the workplace, machinery, equipment and processes under
their control are safe and without risk to health.
2. To ensure that the chemical, physical and biological substances and agents
under their control are without risk to health.
3. To provide adequate protective clothing and protective equipment to prevent
risk of accident or adverse effects on health.
4. to provide appropriate instruction and training
5. to provide necessary supervision
6. to ensure that the hours of work doo not adversely affect employees health
7. to remove any physical and mental fatigue
Outline the legal duties that a worker has to comply with?
Workers Responsibilities and rights
Article 19 of c155 states that all worker and their representatives have to
cooperate with their employers so that he can fulfill his safety obligations
R164 says that worker should:
1. Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people who
might be affected by the things that they do and the things that they fail
to do.
2. Comply with safety instructions and procedures.
3. Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
4. Report any situation which they believe could be hazard and which they
cannot themselves correct
5. Report any work related accident of ill health.
In addition to the basic right to safe workplace article 19 of c155 gives
workers the following rights.
Policy: A clear statement has to be made to establish health and safety as a prime
commitment at all level of organization particularly at the top
Organizing: A framework of roles and responsibilities for health and safety
must be created within the organization from top management to down to the
floor.
Planning and Implementing: Detail arrangement must be made for the management
of health and safety. Central to this idea is the concept of risk assessment and the
identification and implementation of safe systems of work and protective
measures.
Evaluation: Methods must be developing to monitor and review the effectiveness
of the arrangements put into place. This might be done reactively e.g. by reviewing
accident and ill health statistics reports.
Action for Improvement: Any identified by the review process must be corrected
as soon as possible by making any require action
Audit: To ensure that all parts are working acceptably well by systematic and
critical examination of the safety management system
Continual Improvement: The intention is safety management system will develop
over the time to become increasingly appropriate and useful for company.
Identify the internal and external sources of information about health and safety?
Internal & External Information Sources:
(1) Internal information sources:
1. Accident records
2. Medical records
3. Risk assessments
4. Maintenance reports
5. Safety representative inspections
6. Audit reports
7. Safety committee meeting minutes
(2) External information sources:
1. National legislation (e.g. regulations)
2. Material safety data sheet from manufacturers
3. National codes of practice and guidance notes
4. Manufacturer operating instructions
5. Trade associations
6. Safety journals and magazines