Table II.

1 Minimum Design Dead Loadsa

Component
CEILINGS
Acoustical ber board
Gypsum board (per 1/8-in. thickness)
Mechanical duct allowance
Plaster on tile or concrete
Plaster on wood lath
Suspended steel channel system
Suspended metal lath and cement plaster
Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster
Wood furring suspension system
COVERINGS, ROOF, AND WALL
Asbestos-cement shingles
Asphalt shingles
Cement tile
Clay tile (for mortar add 10 psf)
Book tile, 2-in.
Book tile, 3-in.
Ludowici
Roman
Spanish
Composition:
Three-ply ready roong
Four-ply felt and gravel
Five-ply felt and gravel
Copper or tin
Corrugated asbestos-cement roong
Deck, metal, 20 gage
Deck, metal, 18 gage
Decking, 2-in. wood (Douglas r)
Decking, 3-in. wood (Douglas r)
Fiberboard, 1/2-in.
Gypsum sheathing, 1/2-in.
Insulation, roof boards (per inch thickness)
Cellular glass
Fibrous glass
Fiberboard
Perlite
Polystyrene foam
Urethane foam with skin
Plywood (per 1/8-in. thickness)
Rigid insulation, 1/2-in.
Skylight, metal frame, 3/8-in. wire glass
Slate, 3/16-in.
Slate, 1/4-in.
Waterproong membranes:
Bituminous, gravel-covered
Bituminous, smooth surface
Liquid applied
Single-ply, sheet
Wood sheathing (per inch thickness)
Wood shingles
FLOOR FILL
Cinder concrete, per inch

Load (psf)
1
0.55
4
5
8
2
15
10
2.5
4
2
16
12
20
10
12
19
1
5.5
6
1
4
2.5
3
5
8
0.75
2
0.7
1.1
1.5
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.75
8
7
10
5.5
1.5
1
0.7
3
3
9
Continued

Table II.1 Minimum Design Dead Loads ( Continued )

Component
Lightweight concrete, per inch
Sand, per inch
Stone concrete, per inch
FLOORS AND FLOOR FINISHES
Asphalt block (2-in.), 1/2-in. mortar
Cement nish (1-in.) on stoneconcrete ll
Ceramic or quarry tile (3/4-in.) on 1/2-in. mortar bed
Ceramic or quarry tile (3/4-in.) on 1-in. mortar bed
Concrete ll nish (per inch thickness)
Hardwood ooring, 7/7-in.
Linoleum or asphalt tile, 1/4-in.
Marble and mortar on stoneconcrete ll
Slate (per mm thickness)
Solid at tile on 1-in. mortar base
Subooring, 3/4-in.
Terrazzo (1-1/2-in.) directly on slab
Terrazzo (1-in.) on stoneconcrete ll
Terrazzo (1-in.), 2-in. stone concrete
Wood block (3-in.) on mastic, no ll
Wood block (3-in.) on 1/2-in. mortar base
FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (NO PLASTER)
DOUBLE WOOD FLOOR
Joint sizes (in.)
12-in. spacing (1b/ft2)
16-in. spacing (1b/ft2)
26
6
5
28
6
6
2 10
7
6
2 12
8
7
FRAME PARTITIONS
Movable steel partitions
Wood or steel studs, 1/2-in. gypsum board each side
Wood studs, 2 4, unplastered
Wood studs, 2 4, plastered one side
Wood studs, 2 4, plastered two sides
FRAME WALLS
Exterior stud walls:
2 4 @ 16-in., 5/8-in. gypsum, insulated, 3/8-in. siding
2 6 @ 16-in., 5/8-in. gypsum, insulated, 3/8-in. siding
Exterior stud walls with brick veneer
Windows, glass, frame, and sash
Clay brick wythes:
4 in.
8 in.
12 in.
16 in.
Hollow concrete masonry unit wythes:
Wythe thickness (in inches)
4
Density of unit (105 pcf)
No grout
22
48 in. o.c.
40 in. o.c.
grout
32 in. o.c.
spacing
24 in. o.c.
16 in. o.c.
Full grout

Load (psf)
8
8
12
30
32
16
23
12
4
1
33
15
23
3
19
32
32
10
16

24-in. spacing (1b/ft2)

5
5
6
6
4
8
4
12
20

11
12
48
8
39
79
115
155
6

10

12

24
29
30
32
34
40
55

31
38
40
42
46
53
75

37
47
49
52
57
66
95

43
55
57
61
67
79
115

Table II.1 Minimum Design Dead Loads ( Continued )

Component
Density of unit (125 pcf)
No grout
48 in. o.c.
40 in. o.c.
grout
32 in. o.c.
spacing
24 in. o.c.
16 in. o.c.
Full grout
Density of unit (135 pcf)
No grout
48 in. o.c.
40 in. o.c.
grout
32 in. o.c.
spacing
24 in. o.c.
16 in. o.c.
Full grout
Solid concrete masonry unit wythes (incl. concrete brick):
Wythe thickness (in mm)
Density of unit (105 pcf)
Density of unit (125 pcf)
Density of unit (135 pcf)
CEILINGS
Acoustical ber board
Gypsum board (per mm thickness)
Mechanical duct allowance
Plaster on tile or concrete
Plaster on wood lath
Suspended steel channel system
Suspended metal lath and cement plaster
Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster
Wood furring suspension system
COVERINGS, ROOF, AND WALL
Asbestos-cement shingles
Asphalt shingles
Cement tile
Clay tile (for mortar add 0.48 kN/m2)
Book tile, 51 mm
Book tile, 76 mm
Ludowici
Roman
Spanish
Composition:
Three-ply ready roong
Four-ply felt and gravel
Five-ply felt and gravel
Copper or tin
Corrugated asbestos-cement roong
Deck, metal, 20 gage
Deck, metal, 18 gage
Decking, 51-mm wood (Douglas r)
Decking, 76-mm wood (Douglas r)
Fiberboard, 13 mm

Load (psf)
26

28
33
34
36
39
44
59

36
44
45
47
51
59
81

44
54
56
58
63
73
102

50
62
65
68
75
87
123

29

30
36
37
38
41
46
62

39
47
48
50
54
61
83

47
57
59
62
67
76
105

54
66
69
72
78
90
127

4
32
38
41

6
51
60
64

8
69
81
87

10
87
102
110

12
105
124
133
0.05
0.008
0.19
0.24
0.38
0.10
0.72
0.48
0.12
0.19
0.10
0.77
0.57
0.96
0.48
0.57
0.91
0.05
0.26
0.29
0.05
0.19
0.12
0.14
0.24
0.38
0.04
Continued

Table II.1 Minimum Design Dead Loads ( Continued )

Component
Gypsum sheathing, 13 mm
Insulation, roof boards (per mm thickness)
Cellular glass
Fibrous glass
Fiberboard
Perlite
Polystyrene foam
Urethane foam with skin
Plywood (per mm thickness)
Rigid insulation, 13 mm
Skylight, metal frame, 10-mm wire glass
Slate, 5 mm
Slate, 6 mm
Waterproong membranes:
Bituminous, gravel-covered
Bituminous, smooth surface
Liquid applied
Single-ply, sheet
Wood sheathing (per mm thickness)
Plywood
Oriented strand board
Wood shingles
FLOOR FILL
Cinder concrete, per mm
Lightweight concrete, per mm
Sand, per mm
Stone concrete, per mm
FLOORS AND FLOOR FINISHES
Asphalt block (51 mm), 13-mm mortar
Cement nish (25 mm) on stoneconcrete ll
Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 13-mm mortar bed
Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 25-mm mortar bed
Concrete ll nish (per mm thickness)
Hardwood ooring, 22 mm
Linoleum or asphalt tile, 6 mm
Marble and mortar on stoneconcrete ll
Slate (per mm thickness)
Solid at tile on 25-mm mortar base
Subooring, 19 mm
Terrazzo (38 mm) directly on slab
Terrazzo (25 mm) on stoneconcrete ll
Terrazzo (25 mm), 51-mm stone concrete
Wood block (76 mm) on mastic, no ll
Wood block (76 mm) on 13-mm mortar base
FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (NO PLASTER)
DOUBLE WOOD FLOOR
Joist sizes (mm):
305-mm spacing (kN/m2)
406-mm spacing (kN/m2)
51 152
0.29
0.24
51 203
0.29
0.29
51 254
0.34
0.29
51 305
0.38
0.34
FRAME PARTITIONS
Movable steel partitions
Wood or steel studs, 13-mm gypsum board each side

402

Load (psf)
0.10
0.0013
0.0021
0.0028
0.0015
0.0004
0.0009
0.006
0.04
0.38
0.34
0.48
0.26
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.0057
0.0062
0.14
0.017
0.015
0.015
0.023
1.44
1.53
0.77
1.10
0.023
0.19
0.05
1.58
0.028
1.10
0.14
0.91
1.53
1.53
0.48
0.77

610-mm spacing (kN/m2)

0.24
0.24
0.29
0.29
0.19
0.38

Table II.1 Minimum Design Dead Loads ( Continued )

Component
Wood studs, 51 102, unplastered
Wood studs, 51 102, plastered one side
Wood studs, 51 102, plastered two sides
FRAME WALLS
Exterior stud walls:
51 mm 102 mm @ 406 mm, 16-mm gypsum,
51 mm 152 mm @ 406 mm, 16-mm gypsum,
Exterior stud walls with brick veneer
Windows, glass, frame, and sash
Clay brick wythes:
102 mm
203 mm
305 mm
406 mm
Hollow concrete masonry unit wythes:
Wythe thickness (in mm)
Density of unit (16.49 kN/m3)
No grout
1,219 mm
1,016 mm
grout
813 mm
spacing
610 mm
406 mm
Full grout
Density of unit (19.64 kN/m3)
No grout
1,219 mm
1,016 mm
grout
813 mm
spacing
610 mm
406 mm
Full grout
Density of unit (21.21 kN/m3)
No grout
1,219 mm
1,016 mm
grout
813 mm
spacing
610 mm
406 mm
Full grout
Solid concrete masonry unit
Wythe thickness (in mm)
Density of unit (16.49 kN/m3)
Density of unit (19.64 kN/m3)
Density of unit (21.21 kN/m3)
a

Load (psf)
0.19
0.57
0.96

insulated, 10-mm siding

insulated, 10-mm siding

0.53
0.57
2.30
0.38
1.87
3.78
5.51
7.42

102

152

203

254

305

1.05

1.29
1.48
1.58
1.63
1.77
2.01
2.73

1.68
1.92
2.06
2.15
2.35
2.68
3.69

2.01
2.35
2.54
2.68
2.92
3.35
4.69

2.35
2.78
3.02
3.16
3.45
4.02
5.70

1.25

1.34
1.58
1.63
1.72
1.87
2.11
2.82

1.72
2.11
2.15
2.25
2.44
2.78
3.88

2.11
2.59
2.68
2.78
3.02
3.50
4.88

2.39
2.97
3.11
3.26
3.59
4.17
5.89

1.39

1.68
1.58
1.72
1.82
1.96
2.25
3.06

2.15
2.39
2.54
2.63
2.82
3.16
4.17

2.59
2.92
3.11
3.26
3.50
3.93
5.27

3.02
3.45
3.69
3.83
4.12
4.69
6.37

102
1.53
1.82
1.96

152
2.35
2.82
3.02

203
3.21
3.78
4.12

254
4.02
4.79
5.17

305
4.88
5.79
6.27

Weights of masonry include mortar but not plaster. For plaster, add 0.24 kN/m2 for each face plastered. Values given represent averages. In
some cases there is a considerable range of weight for the same construction.

Table II.2 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials

Material
Aluminum
Bituminous products
Asphaltum
Graphite
Parafn
Petroleum, crude
Petroleum, rened
Petroleum, benzine
Petroleum, gasoline
Pitch
Tar
Brass
Bronze
Cast-stone masonry (cement, stone, sand)
Cement, portland, loose
Ceramic tile
Charcoal
Cinder ll
Cinders, dry, in bulk
Coal
Anthracite, piled
Bituminous, piled
Lignite, piled
Peat, dry, piled
Concrete, plain
Cinder
Expanded-slag aggregate
Haydite (burned-clay aggregate)
Slag
Stone (including gravel)
Vermiculite and perlite aggregate,
nonload-bearing
Other light aggregate, load-bearing
Concrete, reinforced
Cinder
Slag
Stone (including gravel)
Copper
Cork, compressed
Earth (not submerged)
Clay, dry
Clay, damp
Clay and gravel, dry
Silt, moist, loose
Silt, moist, packed
Silt, owing
Sand and gravel, dry, loose
Sand and gravel, dry, packed
Sand and gravel, wet
Earth (submerged)
Clay
Soil
River mud
Sand or gravel
Sand or gravel and clay

404

Density (lb/ft3)
170
81
135
56
55
50
46
42
69
75
526
552
144
90
150
12
57
45
52
47
47
23
108
100
90
132
144
2550
70105
111
138
150
556
14
63
110
100
78
96
108
100
110
120
80
70
90
60
65

Material
Glass
Gravel, dry
Gypsum, loose
Gypsum, wallboard
Ice
Iron
Cast
Wrought
Lead
Lime
Hydrated, loose
Hydrated, compacted
Masonry, ashlar stone
Granite
Limestone, crystalline
Limestone, oolitic
Marble
Sandstone
Masonry, brick
Hard (low absorption)
Medium (medium absorption)
Soft (high absorption)
Masonry, concretea
Lightweight units
Medium weight units
Normal weight units
Masonry grout
Masonry, rubble stone
Granite
Limestone, crystalline
Limestone, oolitic
Marble
Sandstone
Mortar, cement or lime
Particleboard
Plywood
Riprap (not submerged)
Limestone
Sandstone
Sand
Clean and dry
River, dry
Slag
Bank
Bank screenings
Machine
Sand
Slate
Steel, cold-drawn
Stone, quarried, piled
Basalt, granite, gneiss
Limestone, marble, quartz
Sandstone
Shale
Greenstone, hornblende

Density (lb/ft3)
160
104
70
50
57
450
480
710
32
45
165
165
135
173
144
130
115
100
105
125
135
140
153
147
138
156
137
130
45
36
83
90
90
106
70
108
96
52
172
492
96
95
82
92
107

Table II.2 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials (Continued)
Material
Terra cotta, architectural
Voids lled
Voids unlled
Tin
Water
Fresh
Sea
Wood, seasoned
Ash, commercial white
Aluminum
Bituminous products
Asphaltum
Graphite
Parafn
Petroleum, crude
Petroleum, rened
Petroleum, benzine
Petroleum, gasoline
Pitch
Tar
Brass
Bronze
Cast-stone masonry (cement, stone, sand)
Cement, portland, loose
Ceramic tile
Charcoal
Cinder ll
Cinders, dry, in bulk
Coal
Anthracite, piled
Bituminous, piled
Lignite, piled
Peat, dry, piled
Concrete, plain
Cinder
Expanded-slag aggregate
Haydite (burned-clay aggregate)
Slag
Stone (including gravel)
Vermiculite and perlite aggregate,
nonload-bearing
Other light aggregate, load-bearing
Concrete, reinforced
Cinder
Slag
Stone (including gravel)
Copper
Cork, compressed
Earth (not submerged)
Clay, dry
Clay, damp
Clay and gravel, dry

Density (lb/ft3)
120
72
459
62
64
41
27
12.7
21.2
8.8
8.6
7.9
7.2
6.6
10.8
11.8
82.6
86.7
22.6
14.1
23.6
1.9
9.0
7.1
8.2
7.4
7.4
3.6
17.0
15.7
14.1
20.7
22.6
3.97.9
11.016.5
17.4
21.7
23.6
87.3
2.2
9.9
17.3
15.7

Material
Cypress, southern
Fir, Douglas, coast region
Hem r
Oak, commercial reds and whites
Pine, southern yellow
Redwood
Spruce, red, white, and Sitka
Western hemlock
Zinc, rolled sheet
Silt, moist, loose
Silt, moist, packed
Silt, owing
Sand and gravel, dry, loose
Sand and gravel, dry, packed
Sand and gravel, wet
Earth (submerged)
Clay
Soil
River mud
Sand or gravel
Sand or gravel and clay
Glass
Gravel, dry
Gypsum, loose
Gypsum, wallboard
Ice
Iron
Cast
Wrought
Lead
Lime
Hydrated, compacted
Hydrated, loose
Masonry, ashlar stone
Granite
Limestone, crystalline
Limestone, oolitic
Marble
Sandstone
Masonry, brick
Hard (low absorption)
Medium (medium absorption)
Soft (high absorption)
Masonry, concretea
Lightweight units
Medium weight units
Normal weight units
Masonry grout
Masonry, rubble stone
Granite
Limestone, crystalline
Limestone, oolitic

Density (lb/ft3)
34
34
28
47
37
28
29
32
449
12.3
15.1
17.0
15.7
17.3
18.9
12.6
11.0
14.1
9.4
10.2
25.1
16.3
11.0
7.9
9.0
70.7
75.4
111.5
5.0
7.1
25.9
25.9
21.2
27.2
22.6
20.4
18.1
15.7
16.5
19.6
21.2
22.0
24.0
23.1
21.7
Continued

Table II.2 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials (Continued)
Material
Marble
Sandstone
Mortar, cement or lime
Particleboard
Plywood
Riprap (not submerged)
Limestone
Sandstone
Sand
Clean and dry
River, dry
Slag
Bank
Bank screenings
Machine
Sand
Slate
Steel, cold-drawn
Stone, quarried, piled
Basalt, granite, gneiss
Limestone, marble, quartz
a

Density (lb/ft3)
24.5
21.5
20.4
7.1
5.7
13.0
14.1
14.1
16.7
11.0
17.0
15.1
8.2
27.0
77.3
15.1
14.9

Material
Sandstone
Shale
Greenstone, hornblende
Terra cotta, architectural
Voids lled
Voids unlled
Tin
Water
Fresh
Sea
Wood, seasoned
Ash, commercial white
Cypress, southern
Fir, Douglas, coast region
Hem r
Oak, commercial reds and whites
Pine, southern yellow
Redwood
Spruce, red, white, and Sitka
Western hemlock
Zinc, rolled sheet

Tabulated values apply to solid masonry and to the solid portion of hollow masonry.

406

Density (lb/ft3)
12.9
14.5
16.8
18.9
11.3
72.1
9.7
10.1
6.4
5.3
5.3
4.4
7.4
5.8
4.4
4.5
5.0
70.5