1. Distinguish examples of matter (i.e. solids, liquids, gases) from energy (i.e.

light, heat, electricity)

Matter occupies space (volume) and has mass
o Solids
o Liquids
o Gases
Energy capacity to do work
o Light
o Heat
o Sound
o Electricity
2. Identify examples of physical and chemical properties/changes
Physical
o Properties can be observed with our senses
State
Boiling/Melting Point
Color
Solubility in water
Smell
Taste
Density
Hardness
o Change alters some aspects of physical properties but composition remains constant
Chemical
o Properties measure of chemical reactions
Iron rusting in moist air
Sodium reacts with water
Nitrogen does not burn
Silver does not react with water
Gold does not rust
Water can be decomposed by an
electric current

Change change in the structure and composition of the substance

Energy will be given off(exothermic reaction) or absorbed (endothermic reaction)

o
o 3. State the formula and calculate the density of a substance given mass and volume.
M
o
Density = V
o

3
Dont forget units! (g/mL or g/ cm )

o
o 4. Compare and contrast protons, electrons, and neutrons in terms of, charge, size, location in
atoms and what they determine in an atom.
o
o R
o
o Location in
o Determine
P
e
C
Atom
l
a
t
i
v
e
M
a
s
s
o 1

o
P

o
N

a
m
u
o 1
a
m
u
o 0

o
E

a
m
u
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

o
+1

o Nucleus

o Element Identity

o
0

o Nucleus

o Isotope/Stability

o
-1

o Levels in
Electron
Cloud

o Physical/Chemical
properties

5. Explain the arrangement of the modern periodic table

-arranged by increasing atomic number
-each row is considered a period or series
-column is considered a group or family
-families share similar properties (same number of valence electrons)
-periods share similar trends (i.e. period trends)

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o 6. Identify and name the period (i.e. row) and family/group (i.e. column) of an element

Key:
Alkali Metals
Alkali Earth Metals
Halogens (Row 17)
Noble Gases

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o 7. Use the periodic table to classify an element as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal and give its
state at room temperature
Metal good conductor of heat/electricity
o All the rest
o Solid (at room temp)
Non-metal poor conductor of heat/electricity
o Elements that are gray, hydrogen, and some purple
o Gas (at room temp)
Metalloid properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
o Along the boron-aluminum line
o Solid (at room temp)
Liquid Exceptions at Room Temperature bromine (Br) and mercury (Hg)
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o 44. Identify the definitions of oxidation and reduction
Oxidation loss of electrons and increase in oxidation state
Reduction gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation state
o LEO goes GER = losing electrons is oxidation, gaining electrons is reduction
o OIL RIG = oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
See this is the chemical equation from products to reactants
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o 45. Determine the oxidation number of an element in a compound formula
o Molecule
Oxidation Number

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Free Element
Monoatomic Ions
Fluorine
Oxygen

o Hydrogen
o Other Rules:

0
Charge of Ion
-1
-2 (except for pentoxide where oxygen
= -1)
o +1 (except for hydride)
o Adjust element charges accordingly
based on these elements listed above.
Neutral compounds = 0.
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