CDMA Overview

CBB_C01_E2

ZTE University
CDMA-BSS Team
 Main Content

\ The history of mobile communication

\ CDMA evolution path
\ The advantage of CDMA
\ CDMA spectrum usage
\ Role of ZTE in CDMA
 Evolution of Mobile Communications System

1G 2G 3G

Analog Digital cellular Digital cellular

cellular
Voice Voice /data Voice / high speed data

AMPS CDMA 1XRtt CDMA2000

TACS GSM G P RS W_CDMA

80’ 1992 1999 2001 2003

AMPS:
AMPS:Advanced
AdvancedMobile
MobilePhone
PhoneSystem
System
TACS:
TACS:Total
TotalAccess
AccessCommunication
CommunicationSystem
System
GPRS:
GPRS:General
GeneralPacket
PacketRadio
RadioServices
Services
 Mobile Communication Standards

2G 2.5G 3G

cdmaOne CDMA2000
CDMA2000 CDMA2000
CDMA2000 CDMA2000
CDMA2000
IS-95-A 1X 1X
Rel. 0 1xEVDO
1xEV-Rel. 0 1xEV-
1xEVDODORev.A
Rel
IS-95-B • 2.4 Mbps PD •
• Voice • High Capacity Voice •
• RF Backward Comp. •
Korea • 153 kbps PD • Backward Comp.
• 14.4 kbps CSD Japan CDMA2000
• RF Backward CDMA2000 FL 3.09Mbps PD
Comp. 1XRel.A
Rel A CDMA2000
RL 1.8 Mbps PD
• Voice 1xEVDV Rel D
• 64 kbps Packet • 307.2 kbps Packet
• RF Backward • Backward Comp. • FL 3.09 Mbps PD
Compatible • RL 1.8 Mbps PD
• Backward Comp.

HIRS: High-speed interconnect Router Subsystem

 Advantages of CDMA (1)

AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS

Frequency reuse
1 3 1 Users 2
factor is 1; 7
1
3
6 4
network design and 5

expanding become 30 30 10 kHz

much easier Typical Frequency Reuse N=7

GSM

8 Users 2
1
3
4
200 kHz
Typical Frequency Reuse N=4

CDMA 1
1 1
1
1 1
20 Users 1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1250 kHz 1
Typical Frequency Reuse N=1
 Advantages of CDMA(2)

large coverage
almost 2 times than GSM, save money for operator

Example:cover 1000 km2： GSM need

200 BTS ，CDMA only need 50 BTS
Attention: exact result need
“Link Budget ”
 Advantages of CDMA(3)
High
Highspectrum
spectrumcapacity，8--10
capacity，8--10times
timesthan
thanAMPS,4—6
AMPS,4—6
times
timesthan
thanGSM
GSM FDMA

FDMA---Different user use different Power

y
frequency T im ue
nc
re q
e F
TACS、AMPS
TDMA
TDMA---Different user use different
time slot of one frequency Power
y
GSM、DAMPS nc
Ti m ue
e F req

CDMA---Different user use same CDMA

frequency at the same time,but with
different spreading code Power
y
e nc
Tim u
e F req
 Advantages of CDMA(4)

\High privacy, hard to

wiretapping
Each user is below
Spread signal the noise deeply

Information Demodulated
signal signal

TX RX

Spread code Spread code

 Advantages of CDMA(5)

Use soft handoff, decrease drop-call rate

• CDMA：”make before break”---soft handoff

• Other systems: “make after break”---hard handoff
 Advantages of CDMA(6)

Good voice quality, use 8k QCELP, 8k EVRC,

13K QCELP voice coding—the best coding method in the world.

Voice quality
(MOS)

64k 13k 8k QCELP 13k 8kEVRC

PCM GSM CDMA QCELP CDMA
CDMA

QCELP: QualComm Code Excited Linear Predictive Coding

EVRC: Enhanced variable Rate Coding
 Advantages of CDMA(7)

Perfect Power Control and voice activation make the MS

Power low, healthy for body—green mobile phone.

Mean Power Max

Power
GSM: 125mW 2W
CDMA: 2mW 200mW
 CDMA 800 MHz Cellular Spectrum Usage

Channel
Numbers
1023

1023
991

333
334

666
667
716
717

799

991

333
334

666
667
716
717

799
1

1
other
A” A B A’ B’ uses A” A B A’ B’
1 10 10 1.5 2.5 1 10 10 1.5 2.5
824 Reverse link (i.e., mobile transmits) 849 869 Forward link (i.e., cell site transmits) 894
MHz MHz MHz MHz

Possible CDMA ~300 kHz. “guard bands” possibly required if adjacent-

Center Freq. Assignments frequency signals are non-CDMA (AMPS, TDMA, ESMR, etc.)

\ All CDMA RF carriers are 1.25 MHz. Wide

\ Between CDMA carriers, no guard band
 CDMA Frequency Channel
Assignment at 800 MHz Cellular
1023

333

799
666

715
716
334

667
991

A” A Band B Band A’ B’
Channel
Numbers

1019 37 78 119 160 201 242 283 384 425 466 507 548 589 630 691 736 777

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 8

* ** *
CDMA A-Band Carriers CDMA B-Band Carriers * Requires frequency coordination with
non-cellular interferers
** Requires frequency coordination with
A-band carrier

A Band Primary Channel 283 B Band Primary Channel 384

A Band Secondary Channel 691 B Band Secondary Channel 777

Reverse link: 825.00MHz+0.03MHz*N

Channel
Channel number?
number?
forward link: 870.00MHz+0.03MHz*N
Center
Center
frequency
frequency Reverse link: 825.00MHz+0.03MHz*(N-1023)
Forward link: 870.00MHz+0.03MHz*(N-1023)
 ZTE’s Activities in CDMA


 InIn1995,
1995,CDMA
CDMAmobile
mobiletelecommunication
telecommunicationprojectprojectwas
wasstarted
started

 InInNovember,
November,1999,
1999,ZTE
ZTEsigned
signedthe
the“Agreement
“Agreementon onCDMA
CDMAR&D” R&D”withwith
Qualcomm
Qualcomm
 In
 InAugust,
August,2000,
2000,the
thefirst
firstfield
fieldtrial
trialwas
wasset
setup.
up.
 In
 InSeptember,
September, 2000，
2000，ZTE ZTEpresented
presentedthethefirst
firstCDMA
CDMAhandset
handsetwith
withUIM
UIM
ininthe
theworld.
world.
 In
 InJanuary,
January,2001,
2001,the
thefirst
firstcdma2000-1x
cdma2000-1xcall callwas
waspassed
passedthrough
throughininlab
lab
 In
 InMarch,
March,2001,
2001,ZTE
ZTEcdma2000-1x
cdma2000-1xrealized
realizedthetheintegrated
integratedtransmission
transmissionofof
voice,
voice,data
data&&image.The
image.Thedata datarate
ratereach
reachupuptoto153.6Kbps.
153.6Kbps.
 In
 In2003,
2003,ZTE
ZTEfirst
firstEV-DO
EV-DOall-IP
all-IPtrial
trialnetwork
networkwas wasset
setup.
up.
 ZTE－A Famous CDMA Brand

PSTN/PLMN

MSC/VLR HLR/AUC
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BTS（IS-95） E1 SC
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IS95 BSC（IS-95）

Abis

BTS（IS-95）
WIN
IP HA
Um Abis
BSC/ PCF (1X)
IS2000 E1 OMC
E1 Internet
STM-1
2G/3G BTS（1X） Ethernet
Terminals Router Router
IP
Abis Ethernet
BSC/ PCF (1X) PDSN/FA
E1
STM-1
BTS（1X） AAA Server
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