Course 1 : basic concepts

Pierre Simon de Laplace (1814), in his book Essai Philosophique sur les Probabilits (Philosophical
Essay on Probability):
We must consider the present state of Universe as the effect of its past state and the cause of its
future state. An intelligence that would know all forces of nature and the respective situation
of all its elements, if furthermore it was large enough to be able to analyze all these data,
would embrace in the same expression the motions of the largest bodies of Universe as well
as those of the slightest atom: nothing would be uncertain for this intelligence, all future
and all past would be as known as present.

Poincar map
points-periodic
closed figure quasi periodic

Course 1 : basic concepts

Fixed point

Limit cycle
Strange attractor

Perrin experiment
particle 0.52 m
grid 3,2 m

Course 1 : basic concepts

Perrin experiment
particle 0.52 m
grid 3,2 m

Course 1 : basic concepts

Henri Poincar Science et Mthode (1908):

Avery small cause which escapes our notice determines a considerable effect that we cannot fail to see,
and then we say that the effect is due to chance. If we knew exactly the laws of nature and the situation
of the universe at the initial moment, we could predict exactly the situation of the same universe at a
succeeding moment. But even if it were the case that the natural laws had no longer any secret for us,
we could still knowt we require, and we should say that the phenomenon had been predicted, that it is
governed by the laws. But it is not always so; it may happen that small differences in the initial
conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an
enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible and we have the fortuitous phenomenon.he
situation approximately. If that enabled us to predict the succeeding situation with the same
approximation, that is all

Course 1 : basic concepts

The variable x versus t of the Lorenz system, for = 10, b = 8/3 and r = 28.

Course 1 : chaos and ergodicity

logistic map

Course 1 : chaos and mixing

Cat map

Evolution of the cat map. Going from left to right and from top to bottom, the
evolutions are plotted with 40 000 points, at times t = 0, 2, 4, 6.

Course II: Probability basic concepts

algebra-probability
Random variable - pdf
Independence
Conditional probability-Bayes formula

Lets make a deal

Course II: Probability basic concepts

Course II: Probability limit theorems

Course II: Probability limit theorems

Chebyshev inequality

Strong law large numbers

CLT:
(i)x <

(ii)xi independent

(iii)

Lindberg cond

Course II: LDT very briefly

Bernoulli

Course III: Stochastic processes

Def
Markov Process

Forward Kolmogorov
Fokker-Planck

Course III: Stochastic processes

Gaussian process
Wiener

Course III: Stochastic calculus

SDE

Ito integral
Ito formula

Wiener properties

Course III: coarse-graining

Course III: coarse-graining

Course III: coarse-graining

Course III: coarse-graining

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics basic definition

Flow visualization
http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics viscosity

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics basic definition

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics ideal and incompressible flows

Euler
Crocco-Bernoulli
Kelvins Theorem
Potential flows

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics: potential flows

Flow around an obstacle

Any flow for which the fluid is initially at rest must be a potential flow. In fact, however, all these conclusions are of only very limited validity. The reason is that
the proof given above that curl v = 0 all along a streamline is, strictly speaking, invalid for
a line which lies in the surface of a solid body past which the flow takes place, since the
presence of this surface makes it impossible to draw a closed contour in the fluid encircling
such a streamline. The equations of motion of an ideal fluid therefore admit solutions for
which separation occurs at the surface of the body: the streamlines, having followed the
surface for some distance, become separated from it at some point and continue into the
fluid. The resulting flow pattern is characterized by the presence of a "surface of tangential
discontinuity" proceeding from the body; on this surface the fluid velocity, which is
everywhere tangential to the surface, has a discontinuity. In other words, at this surface one
layer of fluid "slides" on another. Figure 1 shows a surface of discontinuity which separates
moving fluid from a region of stationary fluid behind the body. From a mathematical point
of view, the discontinuity in the tangential velocity component corresponds to a surface on
which the curl of the velocity is non-zero.

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics:Viscous fluids

NS
Vorticity
Low Reynolds number: Stokes formula
Navier-Stokes from Boltzmann eq.

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics similarity

http://web.mit.edu/hml/
ncfmf.html

Course IV: Fluid Mechanics Present research in low reynolds number complex flows

Antkowiak, Audoly, Josserand, Neukirch and Rivetti,

Instant fabrication and selection of folded structures using drop impact, PNAS, 108 (2011).

Drops on elastic fibers

g
0

2d0

top view
g

2d
zg (t)

side view
L
H (t)

Flexible fibers: glass, r=0.145 mm, B=7 x 10-7 - 10-6 Nm2

Totally wetting liquid: silicone oil

Drops between parallel flexible fibers

side

L=4.5 cm

top
side
top

L=4 cm

Phase diagram
NO SPREADING

2.5

PARTIAL
SPREADING

V /

2
3$57,$/635($',1*

NO SPREADING

1.5

1
727$/635($',1*
727$/635($',1*

0.5

0
0

L (cm)

Three distinct regimes

Ref: Wetting of flexible fiber array (Nature 2012)
Final state depends on d/r, L, V, B and
Two critical drop sizes:
One critical volume trigger coalescence/spreading
One optimal volume induces maximum spreading

BOUNCING DROPS

Drop bouncing at the surface of a bath of the same fluid (oscillating).

Fast camera: 1000 fpss
D=1mm, =20.10-3Pa.s., f=80Hz, acc=3g

Ref: From Bouncing to Floating: non-coalesence of drops on a fluid bath (PRL 2004)

WALKING DROP

View from top of a walking drop (occurs close to the threshold of the Faraday instability)
Walker velocity: VW=18 mm.s-1
Drop bounces on the slope of the wave created at its previous bounce giving it this radial impulsion.
Ref: Dynamical phenomena: walking and orbiting droplets (Nature 2005)
Particle-wave association on a fluid interface (JFM 2006)

32

3 scenarios
Ruelle-Takes
Feigenbaum
Pomeau-Manneville

http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html

Course V: Turbulence visualization

http://web.mit.edu/hml/
ncfmf.html

Course V: Turbulence

Richardson cascade

KO Spectrum

Course V: Turbulence

Course V: Turbulence 2D

Course V: Turbulence multifractal