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Lagrange
1. Sea P3 (x) el polinomio interpolante para los datos (0,0), (0.5,y),
(1,3), (2,2). Encontrar y si el coeciente de x3 en P3 (x) es 6
Solucin//
n
xn
f(xn )
0
0,5
L0 (x) = (00.5)(01)(02) =
(x 0.5)(x2 3x + 2)=x3 + 72 x2 72 x + 1
(x0)(x1)(x2)
= 2(x)(x2 52 x + 1) = 2(x3 52 x2 + x)
(x0)(x0.5)(x1)
= 13 (x)(x2 32 x + 12 ) = 13 (x3 32 x2 + 12 x)
L2 (x) = (10)(10.5)(12)
L3 (x) = (2.0)(20.5)(21)
P3 (x) =
+ 13 (x3 32 x2 + 12 x)(2)
= 83 x3 y 8x2 y +
16
3 xy
6x3 + 15x2 6x + 23 x3 x2 13 x
1
1
= ( 83 y 6 + 23 )x3 (8y 15 + 1)x2 + ( 16
3 y 6 + 3 )x
6+
2
3
8
3y
=6+6
=6
2
3
34
3
8y = 3( 34
3 ) = 34
y=
34
8
= 4.25
Neville
2. Suponga que xj = j para j = 0,1,2,3 y que sabe que
P0,1 (x) = 2x + 1
P0.2 (x) = x + 1
P1.2.3 (2.5) = 3
Clacule P0.1.2.3 (2.5)
Solucin//
de xj = j para j = 0,1,2,3 tenemos que x0 = 0, x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 3
n
xn
Pn
P0
P1
P0.1 =
P2
P1.2 =
P3
P2.3
6
3
P0.1.2 = 94
P1.2.3 = 3
P0.1.2.3
7
2
(2.50)P1.2 (2.52)(6)
20
P1.2 =
(2.51)P2 (2.52)P1
21
= 32 P2 12 P1
P0.2 =
(2.50)P2 (2.52)P0
20
= 54 P2 14 P0 =
despejando en funcin de P0
2
7
2
P2 =
14
5
P0.1 =
+ 15 P0
(2.50)P1 (2.51)P0
10
= 52 P1 32 P0 = 6
despejando en funcin de P0
P1 =
12
5
+ 35 P0
reeplazando en P1.2
1
1 12
3
P1.2 (2.5) = 32 ( 14
5 + 5 P0 )- 2 ( 5 + 5 P0 )
21
5
3
10 P0
12
10
3
10 P0
=3
reeplazando en P0.1.2
P0.1.2 (2.5) =
9
4
Por tanto
P0.1.2.3 (2.5) =
(2.50)(3)(2.53)( 94 )
30
23
8
= 2.875
Diferencias Divididas
3. Use el metodo de diferencias divididas para construir polinomios
de interpolacin de grado uno, dos y tres con los siguientes datos. Use
cada uno delos polinomios de interpolacin para aproximar el valor
especicado.
a)
xn
f (xn )
8.1
16.94410
8.3
17.56492
8.6
18.50515
8.7
18.82091
f [x0 , x1 ]
f [x1 , x2 ]
f [x2 , x3 ]
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ]
f [x1 , x2 , x3 ]
f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ]
f [x0 , x1 ] =
f (x1 )f (x0 )
x1 x0
17.5649216.94410
8.38.1
= 3.1041
f [x1 , x2 ] = 3.1341
f [x2 , x3 ] = 3.1576
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] =
3.13413.1041
8.68.1
= 0.06
f [x1 , x2 , x3 ] = 0.05875
f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ] =
0.058750.06
8.78.1
= 2.0833 103
xn
f (xn )
0.6
-0.17694460
0.7
0.01375227
0.8
0.22363362
1.0
0.65809197
f [x0 , x1 ] =
f (x1 )f (x0 )
x1 x0
f [x0 , x1 ]
f [x1 , x2 ]
f [x2 , x3 ]
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ]
f [x1 , x2 , x3 ]
0.01375227+0.17694460
0.70.6
f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ]
= 1.9069687
f [x1 , x2 ] = 2.0988135
f [x2 , x3 ] = 2.1722917
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] =
2.09881351.9069687
0.80.6
= 0.959224
f [x1 , x2 , x3 ] = 0.2449273
f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ] =
0.24492730.959224
1.00.6
= 1.785741
Spline Cubico
4. Un spline
est dedo por:
cubico natural S en [0, 2]
S0 (X)=1+2x-x3
0x<1
S(X) =
S1 (X)=2+b(x-1)+c(x-1)2 +d(x-1)3
1x2
Obtenga b,c y d
Solucin//
Aplicando la condicin d planteada en la denicion, se tiene
0
Sj+1
(xj+1 ) = Sj0 (xj+1 )
S10 (1) = b
b = 1
Aplicando la condicin e
00
Sj+1
(xj+1 ) = Sj00 (xj+1 )
S000 (x) = 6x
S100 (1) = 2c
2c = 6
c = 3
Aplicando la condicin de frontera natural
S 00 (x0 ) = S 00 (xn ) = 0
S 00 (0) = 0
S 00 (2) = 2c + 6d 2c + 6d = 0
2(3) + 6d = 0
6d = 6
d=1
Hermite
5. Use el teorema 3.9 o el algoritmo 3.3 para construir un polinomio
de aproximacin para los siguientes datos:
x
f (x)
f 0 (x)
8.3
17.56492
3.116256
8.6
18.50515
3.151762
Solucin//
Aplicando el teorema 3.9 tenemos:
De donde
f (x1 )f (x0 )
x1x0
18.5051517.56492
8.68.3
= 3.1341
luego
f [z0 , z1 , z2 ] = 0.05948
f [z2 , z2 ] = f 0 (x0 ) = 3.151762
f [z1 , z2 ] = f [x0 , x1 ] = 3.1341
f [z1 , z2 , z2 ] = 0.05887333333
f [zo , z1 , z2 , z2 ] =
= 2.022222222 103
Dichos estudios
Ao
Total
Hombres
Mujeres
1950
25 791 017
12 696 935
13 094 082
1960
34 923 129
17 415 320
17 507 809
1970
48 225 238
24 065 614
24 159 624
1980
81 249 645
39 893 969
41 355 676
xn
Pn
1950
13 094 082
1960
17 507 809
1970
24 159 624
P0.1 (1965) =
P0.1
P1.2
P0.1.2
(19651950)(17507809)(19651960)(13094082)
19601950
= 19714672.5
P1.2 (1965) =
(19651960)(24159624)(19651970)(17507809)
19701960
= 20833716.5
P0.1.2 =
(19651950)(20833716.5)(19651970)(19714672.5)
19701950
= 20553955.5
Lo que nos indica que en el ao 1965 aproximadamente el numero
de la poblacin de mujeres era de unos 20.553.956