Assessment of The COOPENER Programme of The European Commission (2011)

INTELLIGENT
ENERGY
E U R O P E
FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
COOPENER
Sustainable energy services for
poverty alleviation in developing countries
An assessment
July 2011
The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the
European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information
contained therein.
Editor: EACI
Further information
More details on the 36 COOPENER projects can be found online (http://eaci-projects.eu/iee/page/Page.jsp).
More details on the IEE programme can be found online (http://ec.europa.eu/intelligentenergy).
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COOPENER
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES
FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
An assessment
July 2011
eaci
executive agency
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
for competitiveness & innovation
Acknowledgements
This publication has been prepared on the basis of the reports and information
provided by COOPENER project consortia, which received financial support
from the Intelligent Energy Europe programme, managed by the European
Commissions Executive Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI),
formerly the Intelligent Energy Executive Agency (IEEA).
The document has been written by Anna Bnisch, Gianluca Tondi, Anette Jahn
andWilliam Gillett from the EACI, with the support of Daniele Guidi, Detlef
Loy andRen Karottki, who worked as external experts contracted by the EACI
andcarried out the analysis of the main results and impacts of the projects.
The authors wish to thank their colleagues in the Directorate-General for
Development and Cooperation, the Directorate-General for Energy, the Joint
Research Centre and the concerned EACI project officers for their inputs, as well as
Cindy Carolle from the Communication cell of the EACI who has made important
contributions to the production of this publication.
Last but not least, the authors thank the COOPENER project teams who provided
pictures as well as additional inputs beyond their projects lifetime.
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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011
ISBN 978-92-9202-093-4
doi:10.2826/26455
European Union, 2011
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
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Contents
Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................................5

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................11
2. Programme context and policy background ................................................................................................................13
3. COOPENER an overview ...........................................................................................................................................17
4. Methodology .....................................................................................................................................................................21
5. The COOPENER legacy outputs and impacts of selected projects ......................................................................25
5.1. Improved access to data andinformation .............................................................................................................26
5.2. Training and capacity-building...............................................................................................................................26
5.3. Innovative approaches and tools ............................................................................................................................30
5.4. Policy impact and institutional development .......................................................................................................32
5.5. Sustainability of project activities ...........................................................................................................................34
5.6. Synergies created by the projects ............................................................................................................................37
5.7. Fostering investment ...............................................................................................................................................41
6. Key lessons and best practices .........................................................................................................................................43
7. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................49
Acronyms and abbreviations ...............................................................................................................................................51
ANNEXES ..............................................................................................................................................................................53
Annex 1: Distribution per call and per region for different steps of the evaluation process .................................54
Annex 2: Proposer profiles .............................................................................................................................................56
Annex 3: Geographical coverage of contracted projects in the target countries ....................................................58
Annex 4: Overview of the 36 COOPENER projects ...................................................................................................60
Executive summary
COOPENER was the external component of the

first Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme,
which funded projects aiming to promote policies, technologies and best practices in the fields
of renewable energy and energy efficiency. The
IEE programme is managed by the Executive
Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI)
on behalf of the European Commission.
projects began operating in early 2005 and the last

project finished in August 2010.
100 proposals in total were submitted to the

calls for proposals 2003, 2004 and 2005;
The first IEE programme ran from 2003 to 2006.

IEE was extended to cover the period 2007 to
2013, but its external component was not continued within the IEE programme; instead, similar activities were continued in particular under
the ACP-EU Energy Facility.
the submitted proposals had a cumulated

total budget of about EUR 87 million, with
the requested EU funding amounting to
EUR43 million;
45 % of the submitted proposals were recommended for funding by the evaluation

committee;
36 projects were contracted, with activities

taking place between 2005 and 2010;
24 projects were carried out in sub-Saharan

Africa; seven projects in Latin America and
five projects in South-East Asia(1);
the total budget of COOPENER projects

amounted to EUR 28 million, with an EC
contribution of approximately EUR 14
million;
234 organisations took part in COOPENER

projects, of which 101 were EU organisations
and 133 were target country organisations.
In line with the EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development
(EUEI), COOPENER projects addressed the
role of sustainable energy for poverty alleviation
in developing countries. COOPENER called for
projects addressing: (a) energy policies, legislation and market conditions for poverty alleviation; and/or (b) capacity-building for increasing
local energy expertise.
Some of the most important facts related to the

implementation of COOPENER include:
COOPENER operated in three regions: subSaharan Africa, Latin America and South-East
Asia.
Priority was given to projects which were consistent with the poverty reduction strategies,
sustainable development strategies, and related
policies of the developing countries concerned.
The vision of the EUEI was fully integrated in
the design of COOPENER reflecting the
call for EU Member States to work together in
energy development cooperation and leave room
for developing countries to lead their demand
themselves.
COOPENER was implemented through grants,
which were awarded in response to open calls for
proposals on an annual basis. Approved projects
received co-funding from COOPENER of up
to 50 % of the total project costs. COOPENER
Following the completion of the last COOPENER

project at the end of 2010, the EACI organised an
assessment of the COOPENER projects. Its aims
were to identify the impacts of the projects, to
extract key findings, and to highlight lessons and
best practices resulting from the implementation
of these projects.
This report presents the results of this assessment, which was carried out with the help of
(1) Sub-Saharan Africa was included in all three calls for proposals; Latin
America was addressed in the calls of 2004 and 2005, and South-East Asia in
the call of 2005.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
three external experts. The experts examined

23 COOPENER projects in detail, all selected
in order to draw lessons from the COOPENER
experience.
Guided by a template, prepared by the EACI in
consultation with colleagues from the European
Commission, the experts extracted information
on specific impacts of the projects, their sustainability, synergies, as well as key lessons and best
practices.
The findings of the experts were discussed in a
plenary meeting with staff from the EACI and
other European Commission services, including
the Directorate-General for Energy, the Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation,
and the Joint Research Centre.
made such information more easily accessible. In

order to achieve this objective, project partners
used, for example, data collection, mapping and
data analyses, web portals, databases and inventories, as well as feasibility studies. A large part
of the information gathered was used to define
options and barriers to the development of more
sustainable energy supplies, which in turn led to
the identification of investment opportunities
and to inputs for policy development. Also, several networks of professionals have been established, facilitating information exchange. Most
of the information collected was made available
online to stakeholders outside the projects and to
the public in general. Most of this information is
still available even after the end of the projects.
2. Training and capacity-building

The assessment of project impacts was found to
be challenging, partly due to the limited reporting
by the project teams on this issue, but also because
of the difficulties with verification. Nevertheless,
some projects were able to report on how, and
to what extent, their outputs and outcomes have
been incorporated into a local, regional or international process at the end of a project: the impacts
of these projects can be more easily traced.
This report focuses on the most important
impacts from COOPENER projects, which can
be used by public bodies, NGOs, and commercial
organisations based in the EU as well as in the
target countries. It also presents lessons learned,
which can be helpful to Commission services,
Member States organisations and other organisations working within similar activities and programmes, such as the ACP-EU Energy Facility.
Best practice examples based on experiences of
specific projects are highlighted in the main text
of the report.
Most projects included training and capacitybuilding, which was targeted at relevant stakeholders from the public and private sectors.
Specialised training activities were carried out
which made use of instruments such as workshops, seminars, study tours, post-training mentoring, the elaboration of manuals and guidelines,
the development of educational kits and, in some
cases, the setting up of demonstrations or pilot
projects with additional financial support.
These activities led to increased capacity and
improved skills for addressing the interrelationship between energy and development,
including socio-economic impacts. They also
contributed to improved analytical skills and to
wider local knowledge of best practice working
methodologies.
1. Improved access to data

andinformation
For the public sector, capacity-building activities were carried out in ministries, agencies, local
administrations, financing entities, and resource
centres including training and educational institutions. In the private sector, some of the training programmes have helped small enterprises,
financial intermediaries, and developers in their
operations, particularly in identifying business
opportunities in rural energy.
Most of the projects reviewed have enhanced the

amount of relevant information on rural energy
resources and consumption patterns, and have
Despite limited monitoring and evaluation of

how the trainees benefited from these capacitybuilding activities, some specific target groups
The main impacts and outputs from the COOPENER

projects can be summarised as follows.
COOPENER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
were found to have benefited from such COOPENER-funded actions, notably:
public authorities and institutions (local,

provincial, national, and supranational);
training and educational institutions (longlasting impacts of the intervention);
private sector, especially small businesses.
3. Innovative approaches and tools

COOPENER projects developed and implemented
innovative approaches and methodologies for
rural energy planning. Project activities included
the use of energy information systems, energy
analysis/planning tools, GIS planning tools, practical handbooks, and the application of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methods applied to
energy for development interventions. Innovative
planning approaches, such as the involvement of
non-energy actors (e.g. from agriculture, health
and education) in energy-related activities, or the
integration of socio-economic factors in energy
planning, led to an improved quality of decisions, as well as a more participatory decisionmaking process. Local ownership-building was
an important goal for COOPENER projects which
addressed the implementation of innovative tools
and approaches, and it was achieved with different
degrees of success.
4. Policy implementation and

institutional development
While, on the whole, policy development and
implementation was less present in COOPENER
projects than capacity-building and training activities, several projects were able to support governments at different levels in policy development
and planning processes, especially in sub-Saharan
Africa. The introduction of energy information
and planning tools, as well as the development
of specific policy and planning proposals, led to
policy changes and to the integration of energy
in development strategies and, in some cases,
also had an impact on regional strategies. It also
provided a basis to attract the private sector and
financing institutions to potential investment
in sustainable energy. Building on their training

and capacity-building activities, project teams
were at times able to institutionalise the knowledge transfer, and to create new institutions or
extend existing ones. While the relevant activities
have been recorded in COOPENER project documents, the effectiveness of capacity-development
actions in bringing about the desired institutional
change was not always well documented and has,
therefore, been difficult to assess with full clarity.
Better internal monitoring systems could have
provided more detailed information on the extent
to which institutional strengthening was supportive in creating new administrative structures,
responsibilities, etc.
5. Sustainability of project activities

The sustainability of a project can be judged by
the extent to which the processes, knowledge,
capacity and tools created by the project are
rooted in and used by its target groups and institutions in the years after the project has ended.
Important factors, which can influence the sustainability of a project, are the target institutions
own human and financial resources, and whether
or not the project activities are relevant enough
to attract long-term financial support from public or private sources. Several of the COOPENER
project teams were able to strengthen the sustainability of their projects by planning for followups and by entering into cooperation negotiations
during the course of their projects. Such strategic
planning was a particularly positive finding.
Three main types of project follow-up were
identified:
capacity-building activities continued in the target countries, for instance when long-term funding is made available for the project coordinators
and partners to continue working;
training of trainers and support for training institutions within the projects can provide a basis for continuing and for expanding
the benefits and impacts;
methodologies, tools, and knowledge

acquired for analysing energy resources
and for energy planning, which were intro-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
duced and developed through the projects,

continue to be used by governments, technology
centres and training institutions.
Several project coordinators were found to have
continued their COOPENER-supported activities
in the target countries, or to have extended and
replicated the experience they gained during their
COOPENER projects in other countries. Such
continuations were typically supported by other
EU programmes, such as the ENRTP, the ACP-EU
Energy Facility, EUEIs Partnership Development
Facility, national development and energy agencies, NGOs, or other international programmes
such as the UNDP.
6. Synergies created by the projects

Several projects were found to have stimulated
mutually beneficial collaborations and dialogue
between different types of stakeholders who were
not used to working together or who did not have
much interaction before the project.
Some projects employed a multi-sectoral
approach, bringing together energy sector actors
with actors from non-energy sectors, where contacts had previously been limited. Through working in COOPENER projects, non-energy actors
became directly involved in energy data collection and in energy planning, and participated in
multi-sectoral committees, together with representatives from governments, the private sector
(including SMEs) and the financing sector. Such
a multi-sectoral approach led to more transparency and higher quality in energy planning and
project development. It also encouraged valuable cross-sectoral dialogues between the energy,
agriculture, health, education and financing sectors, which is very important for future policy
development.
Knowledge exchange and cooperation between
public institutions and project teams can help to
maximise the value of limited financial resources
because the different institutions and actors
involved are better able to complement each
other. Most of the COOPENER projects managed to develop and enhance synergies with
other ongoing initiatives at national or international levels, thus enhancing the impacts of their
sustainable energy actions for poverty alleviation.
For example, in many cases representatives from

other institutions and initiatives were invited to
conferences, workshops and seminars, allowing effective exchanges of information and welltargeted dissemination of the project results. In
some cases, synergies with other initiatives were
a central part of the project.
7. Fostering investment
A lack of bankable projects is seen by many investors and financers as a major obstacle to investment
in sustainable energy projects especially renewable energy projects in developing countries.
Several COOPENER projects with an investmentoriented focus have addressed this issue. These
projects have deepened the understanding of
project bankability, and have provided clear evidence that the main barrier to investment in RES
projects is not, as is generally assumed, access to
finance per se. In fact, the main barriers are often
a lack of specific skills in project development
and a lack of commitment by the project developers to invest resources in turning a potentially
good project into a bankable one. COOPENER
projects have contributed to the identification and
development of proposals for bankable projects
and have facilitated their presentation to investors,
development actors and funding agencies. As a
result, some renewable energy projects have been
funded, some public and private partnership
opportunities have been established, and some
micro-financing options have been selected for
the realisation of rural electrification systems.
Moreover, a number of key lessons have been
drawn from the analysis of the COOPENER
projects:
COOPENER projects have demonstrated

the importance of building institutional capacity and systematic knowledge at the
regional, national and local levels on policies and strategies, as well as on barriers and
options for improving rural energy access;
it was demonstrated that the success of institutional strengthening actions depends on the
strength of local commitments to sustainable
energy policies;
the importance of planning for some kind of

follow-up after project completion has been
highlighted;
COOPENER projects have highlighted the

added value of bringing project teams from
different developing countries together, and
of maximising the synergies between them;
some projects have demonstrated the added

value of engaging with actors from both the
energy sector and other economic sectors,
when working to improve access to modern
energy supplies for poverty alleviation.
identified and are presented in Chapter 6: for

example, covering the importance of involving
EU delegations, the need for detailed guidance on
project reporting, and the added value of using
open calls for proposals.
Finally, in dedicated boxes, a number of selected
best practices extracted from the analysed
projects are presented, describing, for example,
successful approaches for an effective implementation of policies, multi-sectoral processes for
energy planning, the development and utilisation of innovative tools for energy planning and
project implementation, and methods to identify
and develop proposals for bankable projects.
Specific lessons for designers and managers

of sustainable energy programmes have been
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
COOPENER was the external component of the

European Commissions programme for the promotion of policies, technologies and best practices in the fields of renewable energy and energy
efficiency, the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE)
programme(2), managed by the Executive Agency
for Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI) (3).
The first IEE programme ran from 2003 to 2006.
IEE was extended to cover the period from 2007
to 2013 but its external component was not continued within the IEE programme; instead, similar activities were continued in particular under
the ACP-EU Energy Facility.
(2) Decision No 1230/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 26 June 2003 adopting a multiannual programme for action in the field of
energy Intelligent Energy Europe (200306), OJ L 176, 15.7.2003, p. 29
(http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:176:SOM:EN:HTML).
(3) Formerly IEEA: Intelligent Energy Executive Agency.
While the scope of the first IEE sub-programmes

SAVE, ALTENER and STEER (Box1.1) was in the
European Union, COOPENER projects in line
with the EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development (EUEI)
addressed the role of sustainable energy for poverty
alleviation in developing countries, with activities
taking place between 2005 and 2010.
This report presents results from the assessment
of a number of COOPENER projects, which
the EACI organised at the conclusion of the
COOPENER programme. With the support of
three external experts, selected projects were
examined in detail in order to draw lessons
from the COOPENER experience, to extract
the projects main results and impacts as well as
technical and contractual lessons.
Design: Claire Laargue Courtesy of the PROVEN project
1. INTRODUCTION
11
The assessment enabled the identification of

a number of findings which are relevant to a
number of actors. First of all, lessons are drawn
that can be helpful to Commission services and
Member States representatives working within
similar programmes, such as the ACP-EU Energy
Facility. Secondly, organisations based in the
EU as well as in target countries, such as NGOs,
public bodies and commercial organisations, can
make use of the information gathered. Lastly, any
organisation involved in sustainable energy activities in a developing country context can benefit
from the best practice examples and key outputs
delivered by the COOPENER projects.
The methodological approach used to carry out

the work and the list of projects analysed (23) is
provided in Chapter 4, while Chapter 5 reports
on the main findings of the assessment. In this
chapter, the outputs and impacts of the reviewed
projects have been categorised as follows:
The first two chapters of this report contextualise the COOPENER programme within the EU
strategy for sustainable energy in developing
countries, its main scope and goals, and provide
an overview of the main features of the programme in terms of geographical coverage, main
themes addressed, profile of the participating
organisations, budget, etc.
In Chapter5, a few selected best practices developed by COOPENER projects are highlighted
and detailed in text boxes. Finally, Chapter 6
highlights a number of the best practices identified and key lessons learned, with the aim of making them available to relevant stakeholders active
in sustainable energy initiatives in developing
countries.
improved access to data and information;

training and capacity-building;
innovative approaches and tools;
policy impact and institutional development;
sustainability of project activities;
synergies created by the projects; and
fostering investment.
Box 1.1: Intelligent Energy Europe

The IEE programme (200306) was designed as the main Community instrument for nontechnological support in the eld of energy, to support the European Unions policies in the
eld of energy as laid down in the Green Paper Towards a European strategy for the security
of energy supply, the White Paper European transport policy for 2010: time to decide and other
related Community legislation.
The programme was structured in four specic elds as follows(4):
SAVE, concerning the improvement of energy eciency and the rational use of energy, in
particular in the building and industry sectors;
ALTENER, concerning the promotion of new and renewable energy sources for centralised
and decentralised production of electricity and heat and their integration into the local
environment and the energy systems, including the preparation of legislative measures and
their application;
STEER, concerning support for initiatives relating to all energy aspects of transport, the
diversication of fuels, such as through new developing and renewable energy sources, and
the promotion of renewable fuels and energy eciency in transport;
COOPENER, concerning support for initiatives relating to the promotion of renewable
energy sources and energy eciency in developing countries, in particular in the framework
of the Community cooperation with developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and
the Pacic.
(4) More details on the IEE programme are available in the Global Work Programme for the years 20032006 (October 2003)
(http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/files/call_for_proposals/doc/eie_work_programme_2003-06_en.pdf).
12
2. Programme context and policy background
Policy context and background

COOPENER was shaped in the framework of
the EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development (EUEI). The
conclusions of the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD), held in Johannesburg in
2002, had emphasised the growing realisation
among actors in development cooperation that in
future, a higher priority should be given to the
role of energy in enabling poverty eradication
and sustainable development. Responding to a
situation of 1.6 billion people without access to
electricity, and 2.4billion people relying on traditional biomass for cooking and heating, the
EUEI was created in Johannesburg, as a joint
commitment by the EU Member States and the
EC. In order to achieve improved access to sustainable energy services, the EUEI engages in
activities which seek to raise political awareness
among high-level decision-makers, encourage the
coherence and synergy of energy-related activities and attract new resources (capital, technology, human resources) from the private sector,
financial institutions, civil society and end-users(5).
Actions supported under COOPENER were
planned to be complementary to, and upstream
of, the support provided in the framework of
other community development cooperation programmes. COOPENER emerged as one of the first
financial instruments managed under the framework of the EUEI: subsequent programmes were
created partly building on the COOPENER experience. The ACP-EU Energy Facility, for instance,
launched in 2005 under the ninth European
Development Fund, concentrates on increasing
access to sustainable and affordable energy. Other
EUEI programmes on sustainable energy include
the EUEI Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEIPDF), operational since 2005 and managed by the
(5) http://www.euei.net/about-euei
Photo by Fondation nergies pour le Monde/R. Delacloche Courtesy of the PROVEN project
2. PROGRAMME CONTEXT AND POLICY BACKGROUND
13
German Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The energy component of the

Africa-EU Infrastructure Trust Fund which supports energy infrastructure for regional integration, was inspired and promoted by the EUEI, and
is a reflection of the new priority to energy.
A number of other institutions and organisations have been active in the field of sustainable
energy in development cooperation. For instance,
another EU programme that should be mentioned
is the thematic programme for Environment and
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
including Energy (ENRTP). Based in the Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation, the ENRTP among others aims to broaden
the options for sustainable energy. The Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC), whose
secretariat is based in the Directorate-General for
the Environment, is a coalition of governments
aiming to achieve the commitments on renewable
energy formulated at the WSSD. GEEREF, the
Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Fund, was launched in the context of the JREC,
and is funded under the ENRTP. The Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development
(GNESD) also deserves to be mentioned: GNESD
is a network of member centres of excellence
and associates facilitated by the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) with the objective of carrying out policy analyses on energy
issues which can facilitate progress towards the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) is a global partnership focusing primarily on energy markets and developing
countries. Lastly, the Forum of Energy Ministers
of Africa (FEMA) was created to address African
and regional cooperation as well as social and
economic development through the promotion
of sustainable energy use and management, and
has been replaced by the Conference of Energy
Ministers of Africa (CEMA).
Since the launch of the COOPENER programme,
the situation has changed significantly in the sense
that energy-related concerns have made it to the
top agenda points in development cooperation.
The increased importance of energy in EU development cooperation was obvious in the recent
Green Paper EU development policy in support
of inclusive growth and sustainable development:
Increasing the impact of EU development policy(6),
in which the EC highlighted the role of energy for
development. The first high-level meeting of the
(6) COM(2010) 629 final of 10 November 2010 (http://ec.europa.eu/
development/icenter/repository/GREEN_PAPER_COM_2010_629_
POLITIQUE_DEVELOPPEMENT_EN.pdf).
14
Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) and the

launch of the Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme (RECP) in September 2010 are
indicative of this development. The announcement of 2012 as the UN International Year of
Sustainable Energy for All marks the increased
attention directed towards energy-related issues,
including and beyond EC development cooperation. In this light, the findings portrayed in this
assessment report are highly relevant.
Initial objectives and scope

oftheCOOPENER programme
In line with EUEI objectives, COOPENER provided funding for activities focusing on the
provision of energy services for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. In particular, COOPENER-supported activities addressed:
(a) energy policies, legislation and market conditions for poverty alleviation; and/or (b) capacitybuilding for increasing local energy expertise (see
later). Priority was given to projects consistent
with the poverty reduction strategies, sustainable development strategies, and related policies
of the developing countries concerned. Moreover, the aims and objectives of the EUEI were
emphasised, which calls for a collaboration of EU
Member States in energy development cooperation responding to demand-led approaches from

developing countries.
Concerning energy policies, legislation and
market conditions for enabling poverty alleviation, COOPENER projects were intended to
engage in activities which strengthen existing
local capacities in the fields of energy policy and
regulations. Local, national and regional energy
policymakers and regulators would be assisted in
creating favourable market conditions for the provision of energy services, which can be used for
poverty alleviation in rural, urban and peri-urban
areas of developing countries. In this manner, the
mobilisation of investments in the provision of
sustainable energy services for health, education,
housing and wealth-creating activities should
be facilitated and promoted among local actors,
including the private sector. In particular, actions
concentrating on the following target areas were
supported:
the energy policy chain, from development to

promotion and implementation;
pro-poor energy regulations, addressing

sustainability, targets, and decentralised
generation;
Workshop for the launch of CARAMCODEC, Mahajanga, Madagascar, March 2007

Photo by P.Montagne Courtesy of the CARAMCODEC project
2. PROGRAMME CONTEXT AND POLICY BACKGROUND
15
energy planning for urban, peri-urban and

rural areas;
training and networking for energy policymakers, regulators and planners;
financing, investments and support schemes

for energy sector programmes and projects,
with particular emphasis on SMEs;
training, networking, mobility and study

tours for energy professionals;
promoting best practice in energy services to

meet the needs of the poor.
strengthening existing energy

agencies and industry associations.
With regard to strengthening local energy expertise, the objectives of the COOPENER programme
were to promote and support activities helping to
build a critical mass of human capital with up-todate knowledge and expertise in energy policymaking, energy regulations, energy planning and
project financing, as well as in the latest technologies and best practices available for improving the
efficiency of energy use, and to increase the use of
RES. Sustainable energy expertise, for example for
water pumping, lighting, communications, education and health, is needed in the public sector
for the development and management of energy
policies, regulations and programmes as well as in
the private sector for the local development and
deployment of energy technologies and services.
Target areas included:
16
centres,
Like the other main components of the IEE programme, COOPENER was implemented through
grants, responding to a call for proposals on an
annual basis (2003, 2004 and 2005). Approved
projects received co-funding from COOPENER of
up to 50% of the total project costs. COOPENER
projects operated from early 2005, with the last
project finishing in August 2010. Concerning the
geographical outreach, the programme supported
projects which targeted countries in three regions:
sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and SouthEast Asia. The bulk of the projects were carried
out in sub-Saharan Africa which was included
in all three calls for proposals, Latin America
was addressed in the calls of 2004 and 2005, and
South-East Asia in the call of 2005.
3. COOPENER an overview
This chapter provides a quick overview of the

main facts and features of the IEE programmes
COOPENER component (Boxes 3.1 to 3.4). In the
annexes at the end of this document, more detailed
information and statistics about COOPENER are
presented: for example, the distribution per call

and per region, success rate of the submission of
proposals, proposer profiles, geographical coverage, and a list of all projects funded by
COOPENER including main data for each project.
Box 3.1: COOPENER Quick Facts

In total, 100 proposals were submitted to the calls for proposals 2003, 2004 and 2005.
The submitted proposals had a cumulated total budget of about EUR87 million, with the
requested funding amounting to EUR43 million.
Forty-ve per cent of the submitted proposals were recommended for funding by the
evaluation committee.
Thirty-six projects were contracted, with activities taking place between 2005 and 2010.
Some 24 projects were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa, seven in Latin America and ve in
South-East Asia.
The total budget of COOPENER projects amounted to EUR28 million, with an EC contribution
of approximately EUR14 million.
A total of 234 organisations took part in COOPENER actions: 101 EU organisations and
133target country organisations.
Box 3.2: Sub-Saharan Africa

Calls for proposals 2003, 2004 and 2005:
70% of the COOPENER budget
24 projects
36 countries
13 in Western Africa
12 in Eastern Africa
6 in Central Africa
5 in Southern Africa.
12 projects
35 projects
6+ projects
3. COOPENER AN OVERVIEW
17
Box 3.3: Latin America

Calls for proposals 2004 and 2005:
7 projects
9 countries.
12 projects
35 projects
6+ projects
Box 3.4: South-East Asia

Call for proposals 2005:
5 projects
5 countries.
COOPENER unique features
12 projects
35 projects
6+ projects
Proposer proles
The COOPENER calls for proposals attracted

100 proposals involving nearly 350 European
organisations, and about 400 target countries
organisations.
European applicants were based in 21 out of

the 30 eligible countries(7), demonstrating a
broad interest base despite the specificity of
the subject involved.
Most applicants participated through a mixed

approach: for example, a national development agency putting forward a proposal
together with an NGO and an energy service
company, in order to provide for sufficiently
solid technical know-how as well as development
cooperation expertise.
Twinning of EU and target country

organisations
The COOPENER programme engaged in the

innovative approach of supporting consortia
consisting of at least two EU partners as contractors and at least one target country partner as
subcontractor.
On average, a COOPENER project involved
three EU organisations and four organisations
based in the respective target countries.
(7) Eligible countries were: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
18
Rice Husks, Senegal l Courtesy of the ENEFIBIO project
COOPENER themes
All COOPENER actions addressed the topic

fields of: (a) energy policies, legislation and
market conditions for poverty alleviation;
and/or (b) capacity-building for increasing
local energy expertise (Chapter2).
Almost all projects worked on renewable

energy, while less than half of the projects also
addressed energy efficiency issues.
Project activities focused on one or more of

the following themes:
rural energy (including rural electrification);
enabling policies and strategies (at subnational, national and supranational levels);
capacity-building (strengthening policymakers, regulators, planners, energy professionals, private sector capacity, community
stakeholders and universities);
networking (including business networks
and Internet platforms);
energy planning for urban, peri-urban and
rural areas.
3. COOPENER AN OVERVIEW
19
4. Methodology
The assessment was carried out in order to highlight

the impacts manifested by a number of projects
funded by the COOPENER programme. It was not
a formal evaluation, rather an endeavour to identify key lessons and best practice examples which
could be used in similar international cooperation
programmes dealing with sustainable energy.
The assessment process started with a preliminary
analysis of all COOPENER projects by the EACI, in the
course of which 23 out of the total of 36 COOPENER
projects were identified for closer examination
(Table4.1). The 23 projects were selected on the basis
of their potential to yield useful key lessons.
Subsequently, the EACI organised a meeting with
a steering board consisting of EC staff from the
Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation and the Directorate-General for Energy:
feedback and input was sought on key issues to be
covered by the assessment.
Three external experts were appointed by the EACI

to work on the study. Following a kick-off meeting at the EACI in November 2010, each of the
experts worked at their own premises on a number
of COOPENER projects assigned to them.
Guided by a template prepared by the EACI, the
experts extracted information on the following
key issues: (a) specific impacts of the projects; (b)
sustainability of the projects (i.e. how far did the
COOPENER-initiated activities continue beyond
the project lifetime); (c) synergies created between
the different types of organisations and stakeholders; and (d) key lessons and best practices drawn
from the project experience.
For this purpose, the experts received an information pack consisting of project management
reports, relevant deliverables and EACI communications to the project teams in addition to
consulting information gathered from the IEE
Wood dryer, Senegal Courtesy of the ENEFIBIO project
4. METHODOLOGY
21
project database and websites set up by the project

consortia. In some cases, the experts also contacted
the respective project coordinators directly in order
to gather specific information.
been undertaken into COOPENER follow-up

actions funded by the ACP-EU Energy Facility.
The experts were encouraged to exchange information, and to harmonise their methodology. The
EACI monitored the experts work and facilitated
communication and exchange of information.
A debriefing meeting took place in January 2011,

where the experts presented their findings to
staff from the EACI, the Directorate-General for
Development and Cooperation, the Directorate-General for Energy, and the Joint Research
Centre. Draft findings were refined.
Furthermore, the EACI contacted the coordinators of the 23 selected COOPENER projects concerning follow-up actions and long-term impacts of
project activities. Also, with the Directorate-General
for Development and Cooperation, research has
Using the findings generated by the experts,

as well as additional information on the
COOPENER projects, the EACI prepared this
report, consulting staff from the above mentioned
directorates-general for final remarks.
Table4.1:The 23 COOPENER projects analysed(8)

Sub-Saharan Africa
Project title
Contract No
Improving the economic and social impact of rural electrication (IMPROVES-RE)
EIE/04/133
Mitigating Risk and strengthening capacity for Rural Electricity Investment

in Africa (MIRREIA)
EIE/04/034
Building capacity in renewables in the health, education and water sectors

to help meet poverty reduction targets in sub-Saharan Africa (ENABLE)
EIE/04/099
Turning Information into Empowerment: Strengthening gender and energy

networking in Africa (TIE-ENERGIA)
EIE/04/198
Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)
EIE/04/201
Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation for Training in Africa (BEPITA)
EIE/04/032
Removal of non-technological barriers to encourage SME energy eciency

bytherational use of biomass (ENEFIBIO)
EIE/04/129
Mainstreaming Energy for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development

intoEUDevelopment Assistance (MEPRED)
EIE/04/243
Appui la mise en place de systmes dinformations nergtiques nationaux

(SIE-Afrique Phase II)
EIE/04/236
PROVEN in rural Africa (PROVEN)
EIE/04/166
Poverty Eradication and Planning of Sustainable Energy (PEPSE)
EIE/04/004
Promotion of microgrids and RES (Renewable Energy Sources) for electrication

indeveloping countries (MICROGRIDS)
EIE/05/011
Rseau International dAccs aux Energies Durables (RIAED)
EIE/05/061
Improved carbonisation and decentralised forestry control in Madagascar

(CARAMCODEC)
EIE/06/244
Poverty Alleviation through Cleaner Energy from Agro-industries in Africa (PACEAA)
EIE/06/247
(8) Refer to Annex4 for an overview of all COOPENER projects.
22
Latin America
Project title
Contract No
Linking income-generating activities and micro-enterprises with energy services

forthe poor in the Chaco Region (CRECER CON ENERGIA)
EIE/05/212
Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation for Training in Latin America Network

(BEPINET)
EIE/05/139
Desarrollo de operadores elctricos para reduccin de la pobreza en Ecuador y

elPer (DOSBE)
EIE/06/255
Promotion of small-scale biofuel production and use in Honduras (GOTA VERDE)
EIE/06/277
South-East Asia
Project title
Contract No
Contributing to poverty Alleviation through Regional Energy Planning in Indonesia

(CAREPI)
EIE/06/261
Renewable Energy Sustainable programmes for Intelligent Rural Electrication

andpoverty Alleviation (RESIREA)
EIE/06/272
Capacity and institutional strengthening for rural electrication and development,

decentralised energy options (CAP-REDEO)
EIE/06/265
Promotion of the Ecient Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries

(REEPRO)
EIE/06/256
4. METHODOLOGY
23
5. The COOPENER legacy outputs and impacts

ofselected projects
The reviewed projects outputs and impacts were

categorised into different themes. Few projects
have delivered on all themes, while most concentrated on specific items. In general, the focus
tended to be more on strengthening local energy
expertise, identifying resources and opportunities for energy supply options and, to a lesser
extent, influencing energy policies, and legislation and market conditions. The attribution of
impacts remains challenging, inter alia, due to
limited reporting by the project teams on this
specific issue, and difficulties with verification.
Still, some projects were able to report how, and
to what extent, their outputs and outcomes have
been incorporated into a local, regional or international process at the end of the projects lifetime,
so that their impact can be more easily traced.
Thus, seven themes are addressed:
1.
Improved access to data and information
2.
Training and capacity-building
3.
Innovative approaches and tools
4.
Policy impact and institutional development
5.
Sustainability of project activities
6.
Synergies created by the projects
7. Fostering investment.
Courtesy of the REEPRO project, DGS
5. THE COOPENER LEGACY OUTPUTS AND IMPACTS OFSELECTED PROJECTS
25
5.1. Improved access to data

andinformation
Most of the projects reviewed have enhanced both
availability and access to relevant information on
rural energy resources and consumption patterns.
For this purpose, project partners used, for example, data collections, mapping and data analyses, compilations of databases and inventories,
and feasibility studies. A large part of the information gathered was used to define options and barriers in the context of sustainable energy, which
in turn facilitate the identification of investment
opportunities, and yield inputs for policy development. Also, several networks of professionals have
been established, facilitating information exchange.
Most of the information collected was made available online to stakeholders outside the projects and
to the public in general(9). Project examples highlight three possibilities to address the issue of information: establishing energy information systems,
web portals and creating green electricity plans to
be submitted to potential investors and donors.
An outstanding example for increasing the access
to energy-related data and information is the web
portal created by the RIAED project(Box5.1)(10).
By pooling together resources and tools, the project
has created a very powerful web portal for Frenchspeaking experts and practitioners in the field of
energy and development. The portal is still active
and constantly updated, and is the basis for a growing network of experts. The success of the portal
is documented by the huge amount of information available and the high number of visitors
and downloads. The project has thus proven how
the Internet can be very useful in pooling and
disseminating information.
Missing or scattered information can be an important barrier for energy investments. SIE-Afrique
PhaseII addressed this issue in Niger, Senegal and
Togo. The objective of the project was to establish
permanent Energy Information Systems (EISs),
and create teams in the ministries responsible for
energy to manage and maintain the systems. The
EISs improve transparency and access to energy
information, and strengthen the national coordinating role of the ministries responsible for energy.
SIE-Afrique was successful in establishing the EISs
(9) The detailed project overviews in Annex 4 also provide links to project
websites (if available) and were used as important dissemination tools by the
project teams.
(10) http://www.riaed.net/
26
and in training the management teams in the three

countries. The project teams have collected data,
produced annual energy balances (according to
International Energy Agency (IEA) standards), and
annual reports with analyses of energy consumption in different sectors. The information gathered
was made available on dedicated national websites.
Energy sector actors are now turning to the Ministry of Energy, for example in Senegal, in order to
receive validated energy data, statistics and information. In response to SIE-AFRIQUE activities,
several positive comments were received from the
IEA, which is pleased to publish official energy statistics from African countries, instead of scattered
information. Also, the teams have contributed
to national policy development. The project has
attracted interest from the West African Economic
and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and a number of
countries in West and Central Africa, which already
have introduced, or are working to introduce, similar
energy information systems.
In South-East Asia, RESIREA increased information access by collecting and publishing best practice examples and case studies on rural electrification and the use of renewable energies in targeted
provinces of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The
project team has further assessed and provided
information on the potential of solar energy, biomass and hydropower. As a conclusion and base
for attracting investment, for each target region a
Green Electricity Plan has been set up, showing
estimated investments for selected options of electricity supply, with the purpose of submitting those
to possible investors and donor facilities.
5.2. Training and capacity-building

Most projects engaged in training and capacitybuilding targeted relevant stakeholders from the
public and private sectors. Specialised training
activities were carried out, which made use of
such instruments as workshops, seminars, study
tours, post-training mentoring, the elaboration of
manuals and guidelines, the development of educational kits and in some cases the setting up of
demonstration or pilot projects with additional
financial support. This has led to increased awareness and capacity concerning the interrelationship
between energy and development, including socioeconomic impacts, and to an improved analytical
capacity and working methodologies. Capacity was
Box 5.1: RIAED

A dynamic web tool for energy and development experts and practitioners
Target countries:
Senegal, Mali, francophone countries
Partners:
Agence sngalaise dlectrication rurale (Senegal)
Services de lnergie en milieu Sahlien (Senegal)
Agence de communication et multimedia Imdia (Senegal)
Amader (Mali)
UEMOA (regional)
Lassociation GRETh (France)
Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (France)
Association pour la Promotion des Energies Renouvelables asbl (Belgium)
Total budget: EUR748892
Project duration: January 2006December 2008
RIAED has created a dynamic and powerful web portal for French-speaking experts and practitioners
in the eld of energy and development. The portal is a basis for a constantly growing network and
database of experts, and features a huge amount of information and a high number of visitors and
downloads. The web portal continues to be updated and expanded even after the end of the project,
based on support from the project coordinator and other international programmes.
The project proves how useful the Internet can be in networking, and in pooling, exchanging and
disseminating information, between experts and practitioners in developing and developed countries.
The RIAED portal has improved access to tools, documents, newsletters, job openings, calls for tender,
training courses, blogs and other communication. It has led to the strengthening of expertise in
developing countries, and to increased international visibility of developing country expertise. The
portal is an important contribution to making local expertise available in sub-Saharan Africa, and can
thus be the basis for important inputs, for example to decision-making. The RIAED project has shown
its relevance and sustainability through the continued support from the coordinator and other actors.
27
increased in institutions such as ministries, agencies, local administrations, financing entities and
resource centres. Concerning the private sector,
some of the training programmes have helped small
enterprises, financial intermediaries, and developers in their operations, particularly in identifying
business opportunities in rural energy.
The attribution of impact has been a challenging task in the context of training and capacitybuilding. Some reports referred to the number of
participants reached through training activities, but
in general there has been little monitoring or evaluation on how those participants effectively gained
from the capacity-building during and after the
training courses. Nevertheless, a number of target
groups were found to have benefited from training and capacity-building activities initiated in the
framework of COOPENER-funded actions. The
following gives a few examples of capacity-building
activities and their impacts, grouped according to
the main stakeholders targeted by the activities.
First of all, public bodies at different levels (local,
provincial, national and supranational authorities and institutions) were strengthened. Ministries
and government agencies have demonstrated their
capacity in applying rural energy planning tools.
IMPROVES-RE, for instance, helped to build capacity on integrated rural energy planning and software in rural electrification agencies and ministries
in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Niger. This
enabled the participants to understand, operate and
maintain the GIS-based planning tool promoted by
the project. MICROGRIDS assisted in training and
workshop activities in Senegal for professionals and
local authorities on concepts related to renewable
energy sources, energy efficiency and microgrids,
which lead to increased awareness and knowledge
regarding the cost-effective application of renewable energy technologies. Thanks to the PEPSE
project in Madagascar, local town councils and
nine provincial authorities as well as the Directorate of Energy and the Rural Energy Agency
increased their capacities to participate in renewable energy projects. For instance, the Directorate for Energy and the provincial authorities have
agreed to raise funds for the nine decentralised
rural electrification programmes developed by
PEPSE. Moreover, the Agency for Rural Electrification (ADER)(11), created in 2004, is now involved
in rural electrification projects, for example in
(11) http://www.ader.mg
28
cooperation with the GIZ. An important impact on

different levels, including regional, was achieved by
TIE-ENERGIA, a project that focused on increasing attention towards the gender dimension of
sustainable energy interventions through capacitybuilding in 12 sub-Saharan African countries. In
the course of the project, capacity was developed
to engender energy-poverty policies and strategies,
reaching planners, policymakers and project developers from 12 African countries. TIE-ENERGIA
also convinced with designing capacity-building
interventions which foresee the follow-up of training with activities to operationalise the newly
acquired know-how, using action plans and monitoring their execution. Furthermore, the ENERGIA
Africa network (12) was significantly strengthened in its human capacity and leadership as a key
stakeholder in the gender and sustainable energy
policy arena. In Latin America, public bodies were
addressed, for instance, by the CRECER CON
ENERGIA project, which trained national and local
stakeholders in Bolivia and Paraguay in the field of
renewable energy use and decentralised electrification. The capacity-building of local partners during
the project could be decisive for future activities in
the project field, including the raising of national
and international funds for co-financing investments. In South-East Asia, CAP-REDEO helped
to increase the capacity of targeted energy ministries, national utilities and, at the provincial level in
Cambodia and Laos, with regard to rural electrification planning issues, database management and
the handling of GIS tools.
In some cases, capacity-building was targeted at
training and educational institutions, aiming for
a long-lasting impact of the intervention. BEPITA
established training platforms on biomass energy
technologies at training institutions in two zones:
2IE(13) in Burkina Faso (dry zone), and ENSP(14)
in Cameroon (wet zone). Similarly, ENEFIBIO
increased the capacity of advisory and educational
activities in the field of biomass of the training
institutions ENDA (15) (Senegal) and ERA-CAMEROUN(16) (Cameroon). The centres have carried
out studies and consulting services for SMEs, even
after the end of the project. BEPINET created the
basis for improved education in Brazil, Ecuador
(12) http://www.energia-africa.org
(13) International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (http://
www.2ie-edu.org).
(14) Ecole Nationale Suprieure Polytechnique (http://www.polytechcm.org).
(15) http://www.enda.sn
(16) Environnement: Recherche Action au Cameroun (http://www.eracameroun.com).
Box 5.2: REEPRO

Promotion of the ecient use of renewable energies in developing countries
Target countries: Cambodia, Laos
Partners:
Cambodian Education and Waste Management
Organisation (Cambodia)
Institute of Technology of Cambodia (Cambodia)
National University of Laos (Laos)
Technology Research Institute (Laos)
Community Development and Environment
Association (Laos)
Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Sonnenenergie e.V.
(Germany)
European Forum for Economic Cooperation
(Germany)
Turku School of Economics (Finland)
Futures Research Centre (Finland)
Train-the-trainers programme
Courtesy of the REEPRO project, DGS

Existing bio-energy, solar thermal and photovoltaic guidebooks have been adapted and complemented
for training courses in Cambodia and Laos. Almost 1400 experts, politicians, technicians and local
stakeholders have been trained at three dierent levels, using a train-the-trainers scheme. Practical
showcases for RE use were established in various communities and, nally, RE training centres were
set up and equipped in both countries.
The activities were preceded by in-depth socio-economic studies that provided essential information
for the training modules on energy and poverty issues in the target countries, as well as by initial
surveys on the nancial and economic understanding and entrepreneurial competence among the
stakeholder groups, data collection on nancing options and general information collection on
the RE sector situation. The project convinces through the involvement of trained local experts in
lower level training activities, thus leading to increased independence from external inputs and the
establishment of autonomous structures for capacity-building. The pilot communities serve as good
practice examples for training after the end of the project and are expected to work further on rural
electrication with the support of the local project partners. All material developed for training was
distributed to education and training organisations in both countries and will form the basis for further
training and the development of advanced training kits. Both coordinator and team members were
quite successful in raising funds to purchase hardware, inter alia, by launching a donation campaign.
and Peru. Several training modules were produced,

and a new biomass energy master study was set
up in Ecuador. According to the BEPINET project
team, thanks to the training provided, a number
of decentralised electrification projects are operating today. The project, furthermore, established
the basis for a continuous exchange of academic
staff and students between educational institutions
in Latin America and Europe. Also, in South-East

Asia, training centres have been established and
strengthened; for instance during the REEPRO
project(Box5.2) in Cambodia and Laos. Training
manuals on biogas, solar electricity and solar thermal energy were elaborated in local languages and
the training centres were equipped with portable
training equipment.
29
Some training activities targeted community

stakeholders directly. GOTA VERDE, a project on
biofuel production and use in Honduras, focused
on know-how transfer for appropriate crop cultivation, biofuel processing and the adaptation of diesel engines for pure plant oil use. During the course
of the project, more than 400 Honduran farmers
were advised on oil crop cultivation, and gained
first-hand experience. The REEPRO project, in
addition to other types of beneficiaries, also targeted community stakeholders in Cambodia and
Laos on different renewable energy options, setting
up functioning showcases for demonstration purposes. REEPRO especially convinced through the
involvement of trained local people in lower level
training activities (train-the-trainers concept), thus
leading to increased independence from external
inputs and the establishment of autonomous structures for capacity-building. Being active in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, RESIREA assisted in
elaborating valuable training material on different
renewable energy sources and technologies, which
may serve as replicable modules for similar activities in other regions. Training activities took place
which enhanced the local stakeholders knowledge
of renewable energy technologies and their decision
capacity for selecting appropriate supply constellations. Furthermore, CARAMCODEC, a project
concerned with more sustainable charcoal production in Madagascars Boeny region, addressed local
stakeholders. In the course of the project, six local
trainers and 418 charcoal-makers in the region
were trained in more efficient charcoal production.
Following the training, the efficiency of charcoal
making was doubled, according to a sample survey
of 10% of the trainees. Lastly, CAREPI undertook
intense and progressive training at the local level in
Indonesia, also providing follow-up activities with
continuous on-the-job training. The projects core
training activities focused particularly on building capacity in the regional technical teams and
the regional energy forum members in each target
region.
The MIRREIA project undertook activities in
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, targeting the private
sector. The project team developed capacity and a
targeted dialogue on a specific set of policy, regulatory and financial risk factors of primary interest
to investors, developers and regulators advancing the agenda of creating an enabling environment for effective renewable energy investments
development.
30
5.3. Innovative approaches and tools

COOPENER projects have developed and implemented innovative approaches and methodologies to rural energy planning, either new or with
features of innovation in the local context. This
includes energy analysis/planning tools, GIS planning tools, practical handbooks, and the application of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methods
applied to energy for development interventions.
Innovative planning approaches, such as the
involvement of non-energy actors (e.g. from agriculture, health and education) in energy-related
activities, or the integration of socio-economic
factors in energy planning, have led to an
improved quality of decisions, as well as a more
participatory decision-making process. In general, local ownership-building was a primary goal
during the implementation of innovative tools
and approaches, with differing degrees of success.
Some COOPENER projects have developed
and implemented tools for energy planning.
CRECER CON ENERGIA developed a tool for
decentralised electrification, which was shared
among different actors, particularly at decisionmaking level, to allow for planning based on
verifiable factors and assumptions. The project
further elaborated guidelines for the monitoring
and evaluation of energy projects, which should
facilitate assessing the feasibility and operation of
rural energy services. Similarly, DOSBE engaged
in developing guidelines and tools in order to
improve critical aspects in the operation and
management of rural electrification projects using
renewable energy. The tools have been distributed
to over 30 key players.
A number of projects worked with GIS planning tools. In Cambodia and Laos, for instance,
CAP-REDEO enabled the delivery of a GIS tool
dedicated to rural electrification planning. Target groups were trained and software installed
for use beyond the project duration. In subSaharan Africa, MEPRED transferred an existing GIS-based software tool for rural electrification planning to institutions in target countries.
IMPROVES-RE developed and implemented an
innovative and improved GIS-based tool for rural
electrification planning, also incorporating socioeconomic factors in GIS.
Box 5.3: GOTA VERDE

Promotion of Small-scale Biofuel Production and Use in Honduras
Target country: Honduras
Partners:
Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Investigation
(Honduras)
National Institute for Professional Training
(Honduras)
Foundation for Rural Enterprise Development
(Honduras)
Stichting STRO (Netherlands)
Fact Foundation (Netherlands)
Food and energy: small-scale plantations
Humanistisch Instituut voor ontwikkelings
ofJatropha intercropping with corn Courtesy
Samenwerking (Netherlands)
of STRO
Dajolka (Denmark)
Ageratec (Sweden)
Institute for European Environmental Policy, London (United Kingdom)
An integrated regional economic development approach has been developed and tested based on the
promotion of small-scale production and local use of biofuels from oil crops. The project focused on
know-how transfer for appropriate crop cultivation, biofuel processing and the adaptation of diesel
engines for pure plant oil use. The project set up a local manufacturing and processing plant and
established a new enterprise for its operation.
More than 400 farmers were advised and got involved in the seeding and planting of oil crops on
600ha, partly using credits for such purposes provided and administrated by one of the local partners.
The project gained valuable information on planting of Jatropha within country-specic conditions
and raised interest among small famers to look at biofuels as an additional source of income. It further
provided the opportunity to process oil crops with low-tech self-manufactured equipment producing
raw plant oil. About 50% of the farmers now participate as shareholders in an enterprise for the
production and marketing of biofuels. As a new perspective, the use of pure plant oil for vehicles and
stationary engines has been introduced, which may oer new employment and business opportunities
in modifying existing diesel motors. A Dutch NGO has approved a two-year budget for the further
development of the new Regional Biofuels Centre, operated by one of the local partners in order
to disseminate the project experience. Results from the project recorded in a Jatropha handbook,
published in Spanish by one of the European partners, will serve as guidelines for similar approaches in
other countries.
DEA promoted the application of a common

monitoring and evaluation methodology in
sub-Saharan Africa, in coordination with another
international development cooperation initiative, the M&EED (Monitoring and Evaluation for
Energy and Development) International Working
Group (17). DEA endorsed the importance of

implementing an appropriate M&E function,
which contributes to better energy planning and
to policy formulation for poverty alleviation
interventions. The M&E methodology adopted
(17) Initiated in 2003 by the Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)
International (http://www.gvepinternational.org).
31
from the M&EED International Working Group

was successfully tested in six case studies, developed by the six partnering African energy centres,
and thus strengthened their capacity and ownership of the approach. In this context, DEA
improved the M&E capacity of its African partners and contributed to raising the attention of
both donors and national government officials to
the strategic value of appropriate M&E systems as
well as the importance of their institutionalisation
by national authorities.
Concerned with energy efficient charcoal production in Madagascars Boeny region, the CARAMCODEC project employed an innovative planning approach by involving non-energy actors
(in this case, actors from the forestry sector) in
energy-related actions. Working at local and
national levels, the objectives of CARAMCODEC
were to integrate concerns about wood energy and
urban charcoal supply in the ongoing reform of
the forest management system in Madagascar. The
multi-sectoral approach is also innovative, bringing together actors from energy and non-energy
sectors (for more information, see Section 5.6).
Some approaches were innovative in the sense
that they integrated socio-economic factors in
energy planning, for instance IMPROVES-RE in
sub-Saharan Africa, which included the impacts
on health, education and the local economy.
Being an alternative to conventional methods,
the methodology developed by the project was
adopted in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and
Niger.
different levels in policy and planning processes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The introduction of energy information and planning tools,
as well as the development of specific policy and
planning proposals, led to policy changes and the
integration of energy in development strategies
and, in some cases, also had an impact on regional
strategies. It further provided the basis for investment interests by the private sector and financing
institutions.
Building on training and capacity-building activities, project teams were at times able to institutionalise knowledge transfer, and create new institutions or extend existing ones. While several
activities have been recorded, the effectiveness of
capacity-development actions in bringing about
the desired institutional change has been more
difficult to assess definitively. A better internal
monitoring system would have been desirable in order to provide detailed information on
the extent to which institutional strengthening
was supportive in creating new administrative
structures, responsibilities, etc.
Concrete examples of policy impacts and
institutional development are now presented.
5.4. Policy impact and institutional

development
CAREPI supported the establishment of a new

institutional framework for energy planning at a
sub-national level, in line with the Indonesian
national governments policy for the devolution
of functions to local administrations. The human
capacity of the newly formed regional energy
forums in four target provinces was developed
and strengthened. RESIREA supported the inventory and assessment of renewable energy sources
at provincial level and assisted in assessing and
documenting the energy demand situation, based
on geographical and social data. The project further developed electrification schemes for a total
of 83 villages, including business models for supply options. Similar activities, containing energy
needs assessments and policy reviews, were executed within CRECER CON ENERGIA, providing a good overview on country-specific policies and forming an excellent database for future
concrete supply projects.
While on the whole, the policy component was

less present in the COOPENER programme than
capacity-building and training activities, several
projects were able to support governments at
Several projects had a policy impact at the national

level. MEPRED, for example, on the basis of gathered and analysed information on rural energy
in the target countries, helped governments to
A promising innovative management approach

was pursued by GOTA VERDE in Honduras
(Box 5.3). Jatropha farmers were engaged as
shareholders of an enterprise for the production
and marketing of biofuels. More than 400 farmers were advised and got involved in cultivating
oil crops on 600 ha. About 50 % of the farmers
involved in the project are now participating as
shareholders in the enterprise.
32
Box 5.4: TIE-ENERGIA

A network-led empowering capacity-building approach for lasting commitment
Target countries: Kenya, Senegal
Partners:
ITDG-EA (Kenya)
ENDA-TM (Senegal)
ETC Foundation (Netherlands)
Eco Ltd (United Kingdom)
Project duration: January 2005June 2007
The project realised a broad capacity-building action
on the gender dimension of sustainable energy
Women preparing clay for the production
intervention. Through a network of mostly local
ofceramic inserts for improved cooking stoves,
institutions (ENERGIA Network members), it oered
Senegal Courtesy of ENERGIA
train-the-trainers modules to 40 professionals, who
in turn reached 262 energy, gender and development
practitioners, including planners, policymakers and project developers from 12 African countries. Deeper
gender analysis in Botswana, Kenya and Senegal, allowed the completion of national energy policy
gender audits. Post-training monitoring and assistance followed, building signicant local ownership and
commitment.
The noteworthy strength was the empowering approach to capacity development, which addressed
a typical weakness of training programmes: weak follow-up. By incorporating mechanisms for followup in the training activities, the active participation of trainees was stimulated, notably through the
formulation and subsequent commitment to the execution of action plans for engendering energy
policy and action. The post-training activities, which included a mix of follow-up meetings, monitoring and
mentoring, were thus focused on facilitating the realisation of the action plans. The impact is evident
from many examples of resulting action, including further training commitments, policy development,
and the creation of gender desks in some of the national bodies engaged. For example, Botswanas
commitment was articulated in its position paper presented to the 15th UN Commission on Sustainable
Development (May 2007); in Kenya, the Ministry of Energy staed two gender experts who reviewed the
rural electrication master plan; and in Nigeria, two ministries organised high-level sta training.
integrate energy in development strategies. This

had an impact on national and regional strategies,
especially in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. Multisectoral energy committees were formed, such as
the inter-ministerial energy committee in Niger.
Within the TIE-ENERGIA project (Box5.4), the
energy policy frameworks of Botswana, Kenya
and Senegal have been reviewed to identify the
gender-energy-poverty dimension gaps and draft
recommendations. Relevant institutions have, in
some instances, internalised these recommendations: for example, the government of Botswanas
position paper delivered at the 15th session of the
UN Commission on Sustainable Development

(CSD) in May 2007. Furthermore, the monitoring and evaluation methodology developed and
tested by the DEA project team (Section 5.3)
spread to policymakers of over 16 African countries. Within DOSBE, a basic study about legislation, regulation and practical examples with
regard to rural electrification in both target countries was developed and could serve as a valuable
reference for future supply projects. DOSBE also
assisted in drafting a decree for rural electrification with renewable energies in Peru and in
establishing the Ecuadorian Association for
33
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency(18). Due

to circumstances beyond the projects influence,
the efforts on impacting policy did not always
deliver fully. In the case of CARAMCODEC, for
instance, policy inputs and related technical assistance have been well received by stakeholders, but
have had limited impact so far due to a difficult
political environment. The draft policy and strategy documents would be useful in a potentially
more conducive policy environment in the future.
Concerning regional policy impacts, the
COOPENER project ENABLE contributed, in
cooperation with the UNDP and SIDA (the
Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency), to the formulation of a Regional energy
strategy for the Energy Commission of the East
African Community(19), in order to push forward
the development of the Energy Commissions
strategy on scaling-up access to modern energy
services in East Africa. MEPRED also had an
impact at a regional level, influencing the White
Paper of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on energy access, and stimulating ECOWAS decision to create the Regional
Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency (ECREEE). ECREEE has now been
established: the official inauguration of the
centres secretariat took place in July 2010(20).
5.5. Sustainability of project activities

Projects have, by nature, limited budgets and time
frames. Sustainability is thus highly dependent on
whether the processes, knowledge, capacity and
tools created through the COOPENER projects
are sufficiently rooted in, and used by, the different target institutions and groups in the years after
the end of the project. Other factors are the target
institutions own human and financial resources,
and whether the activities are relevant enough
to continue to attract outside financial support
from public or private sources. Several projects
reviewed were able to build mechanisms for the
sustainability of results through the planning of
follow-ups and the associated cooperation negotiations. This attentive and strategic planning was
a particularly positive finding.
(18) Asociacin Ecuatoriana de Energas Renovables y Eficiency Energtica
(AEEREE).
(19) Members are Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda (http://www.
eac.int/energy).
(20) More information is available online (http://www.ecreee.org/).
34
Different types of follow-up actions could be

identified. First of all, training activities continuing in the target countries, for instance by
project coordinators and partners. Also, longterm impacts could be achieved by training trainers and by supporting training institutions. As an
example, the local trainers educated by CARAMCODEC (Box5.5) in Madagascars Boeny region
are able, and expected to, continue their training
activities on more efficient charcoal production.
GIS-based training activities on energy planning in Burkina Faso, initiated by MEPRED, will
be continued through support from the Danish
International Development Agency (DANIDA).
The main follow-up of BEPITA in West Africa is
the continued training and R&D activities at the
two training platforms on biomass established by
the project, as well as the continued networking
in the Biomass Energy Training Network (also
set up by the project). Educational facilities and
other institutions have benefited from the related
BEPINET project in Latin America. Training
sessions and modules have provided a relevant
basis for further capacity-building activities. The
PROVEN project was designed within the framework of existing field activities of the two European partners (the French Foundation Energies
pour le Monde and the Dutch Free Energy Foundation). Their commitment to renewable energybased training and capacity-building has continued beyond the project. Finally, two training
centres are operational in Cambodia and Laos,
equipped with training manuals on renewable
energy sources developed within the course of the
REEPRO project.
Various methodologies, acquired knowledge
and tools on energy resources analysis and energy
planning, developed through the projects, are
in use by governments, technology centres and
training institutions. The planning methodology
integrating socio-economic impacts developed by
IMPROVES-RE, for instance, has been adopted
by the Ministry of Energy and the Rural Electrification Fund (FDE) in Burkina Faso, and has
been used in all regions of the country. The FDE
now uses this methodology in the selection of
rural electrification projects. Within ENEFIBIO,
a handbook on bio-energy project cycle management for SMEs was published: it is available on the
Internet and distributed free of charge from the
two bio-energy centres in Cameroon and Senegal
created by the project. Since the two organisations
Box 5.5: CARAMCODEC

Improving the sustainability of community practices while stimulating policy change
Target country: Madagascar
Partners:
Association Participation la Gestion de
lEnvironnement (PARTAGE) (Madagascar)
Centre National de la Recherche Applique au
Dveloppement Rural (FOFIFA) (Madagascar)
French Agricultural Research Centre for
International Development (CIRAD) (France)
Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques
(Belgium)
Project duration: January 2007May 2009
Filiere Charbon drawing by Rodolphe

Philippe Randriamanantsoa (Roddy)
CARAMCODEC, focused on Madagascars Boeny

region, increased the capacity of small businesses and helped implement the decentralised
forestry control system, which resulted in more sustainable forest management. This led to a
doubling in the eciency of charcoal-making. The project developed a handbook on improved
charcoal-making, which has been used at local level training. Finally, the project provided policy
inputs and related technical assistance at national and regional level.
CARAMCODEC aimed to integrate concerns about wood energy and urban charcoal supply
in the ongoing reform of the forest management system in Madagascar. The support to
small businesses promoted new and much more ecient methods for charcoal production,
and successfully facilitated the implementation of the governments decentralised forest
management policy in the Boeny region. Apart from local level eorts, the project provided
active policy inputs and communication at national level. The CARAMCODEC approach
demonstrates the important potential for integrating energy in other sectors (in this case,
forestry), and how local level action can be communicated to, and have an impact on, national
policies. It also demonstrates the importance of cooperation among partners, which will
continue to be present and active in the country after completion of the project, and thus
be able to sustain the outputs and impacts over time. This includes the continued use of the
charcoal production handbook, developed by the project.
hosting the bio-energy centres are well established and have been operating for many years, it
is likely that the handbook will be used and will
have an impact on the future bio-energy development of Cameroon and Senegal. In Madagascar,
the GIZ uses both the concept and methodologies
developed by CARAMCODEC. Energy information systems (EIS) established in Niger, Senegal
and Togo during the SIE-Afrique Phase II project
(Section 5.1) continue to be operational on the
basis of support from the governments, and will
expand their scope through a follow-up project
in other countries in West and Central Africa.

The participating countries produce annual EIS
reports, provide energy data and statistics to various stakeholders, and pass energy statistics on to
the IEA. Lastly, guidelines for the monitoring and
evaluation of energy projects developed within
CRECER CON ENERGIA have been adopted by
ministers in Bolivia and Paraguay.
Several project coordinators continue their
COOPENER-supported activities in the target
countries, as well as in other countries. In sub-
35
Saharan Africa, project coordinators of the

following projects are continuing previously
COOPENER-supported activities: CARAMCODEC, MEPRED, IMPROVES-RE, RIAED and
PROVEN. Also, DEA project partners continue to
be active in the field, particularly in the CEMA
project (http://www.cemafrica.net) being carried
out in collaboration with the EU Energy Initiative
for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development (EUEI), in support of the Africa EU Energy
Partnership (AEEP), and funded by the Directorate-General for Development and Cooperations
ENRTP programme (21). The ETC foundation,
TIE-ENERGIA coordinator, has triggered the
launch of a follow-up initiative with funding from
Dutch and Swedish cooperation agencies. The
Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie
(OIF) project coordinator of SIE-Afrique PhaseII,
has supported Energy Information System activities in other countries, for example Cameroon.
Also, OIF is financing a project (TIPEE) which
will develop energy indicators related to climate
change in two of the SIE countries (Cameroon
and Togo). In South-East Asia, CAREPIs synergy
with the Dutch Embassy programme on renewable energy has been influential, bringing about
the implementation of CASINDO (22), a subsequent project launched in June 2009 that follows
up and expands on CAREPIs work. The BEPINET
coordinator maintained contact with the partners
after the end of the project, staged new activities
with his Latin American partners and received
requests for extensions to other countries.
Activities carried out in the framework of
COOPENER-funded actions have triggered follow-ups by international cooperation initiatives. Other EC programmes have facilitated an
important number of follow-up initiatives. The
first ACP-EU Energy Facility particularly supports COOPENER-initiated activities in subSaharan Africa: rural electrification in Cameroon
and Madagascar, based on the IMPROVES-RE
and PEPSE projects; biomass energy for rural
electrification in Madagascar (building on
CARAMCODEC), academic training in Burkina
Faso (BEPITA), Energy Information Systems in
the West African Economic and Monetary Union
(21) ENRTP, the thematic programme for Environment and Sustainable
Management of Natural Resources including Energy, managed by the
Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation, supports developing
countries and partner organisations with addressing environmental and
natural resource management issues.
(22) Capacity development and strengthening for energy policy formulation
(http://www.casindo.info).
36
UEMOA (Burkina Faso, Cte dIvoire, GuineaBissau and Mali) (SIE-Afrique Phase II), and
energy access in Niger (following MEPRED).
Some options for submitting follow-up projects
to the Energy Facility were lost due to a lack of
resources after the termination of COOPENER
projects, and some proposals were unsuccessful.
A number of proposals have been submitted also
to the Energy Facility II, launched in November
2009. Further EC support includes the EUEIs
Partnership Development Facility (EUEI-PDF),
which has supported the continuation of the
multi-sectoral group on rural electrification planning in Cameroon established by IMPROVES-RE.
A previously mentioned, DEA has continued
with the help of the EC, in collaboration with the
EUEI, and funded by the ENRTP programme(23).
National bodies in EU Member States such as
national development and energy agencies, and
European NGOs have also ensured COOPENER
follow-ups:
DANIDA supported follow-up actions of two

projects in Burkina Faso: the implementation
of rural electrification plans (IMPROVESRE) and training in rural energy planning
(MEPRED);
the Dutch-German programme Energising

Development finances two pilot projects in
Senegal (following MEPRED);
ADEME supports a renewable energy handbook based on the multi-sectoral approach

(MEPRED);
ADEME and the Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP) support a continuation of the
web portal for francophone energy experts
(RIAED);
the funding by the Dutch cooperation

brought about the implementation of the
CASINDO project, which follows up and
extends the work by CAREPI (funded by the
Dutch Embassy) (Box5.7);
the Energy Ministry of Cambodia in collaboration with the coordinator has requested,
and obtained, financial support from the
(23) ENRTP the thematic programme for Environment and Sustainable

Management of Natural Resources including Energy.
French Government in order to strengthen

the countrys capacity-building in rural electrification planning developed within CAPREDEO;
the ECOWAS Energy Centre (ECREEE) is

now supported by Spain, France and Austria
(MEPRED played a role in the creation of the
centre);
the Dutch NGO Cordaid (Catholic Organisation for Relief and Development) approved
a two-year budget for further development
and the setting up of the biofuels centre
established during the GOTA VERDE project.
Lastly, International Organisations continue

COOPENER-initiated activities. Among others,
following CRECER CON ENERGIA, a Bolivian
electrification project will be supported by the
UNDP/GEF and UNIDO. Through the MEPRED
partner UNDP, the East African Community
(EAC) and the Economic Community of Central
African States (CEMAC) have been supported in
drafting White Papers on regional energy access,
based on the ECOWAS experience.
5.6. Synergies created by the projects

Several projects provide evidence of having
stimulated mutually benefiting collaboration and
dialogue among different types of stakeholders
sometimes not used to working together or not
having sufficient professional interaction before
the project.
Some projects employed a multi-sectoral
approach, bringing together energy sector actors
with actors from non-energy sectors, where contacts had until then been limited. Non-energy
actors were involved in energy data collection and
energy planning, and participated in multi-sectoral
committees, involving representatives from governments, the private sector (including SMEs)
and the financing sector. This led, for example, to
more transparency and higher quality in energy
planning and project development, and created
a cross-sectoral dialogue with the agriculture,
health, education and financing sectors, which is
important for further policy development. Such
improved multi-stakeholder network-building
and its associated policy dialogue is instrumental
in building the foundations of an enabling policy
37
framework to expand the market of decentralised rural energy systems. MEPRED is a good example demonstrating the importance of a multisectoral approach, which led to policy change
and increased investment (Box 5.6). ENABLE
brought together decision-makers from different government levels (central and district) and
sectors (energy, health, education and water) to
realise the significance of cross-sector planning
and the benefits of decentralisation to the district
level of specific energy infrastructure development planning. The cross-sectoral approach taken
by CRECER CON ENERGIA that included, inter
alia, entrepreneurs, end-users, local administrations and financing institutions, has improved
networking among different players relevant to
the setting up of successful and sustainable energy
supply activities.
Knowledge exchange and cooperation among
public institutions made it possible to complement each other and, in this way, share limited
resources. Next to ENABLE (see previous paragraph), PROVEN played a catalytic role in convening central level authorities on rural electrification (ministries and national agencies) in the
West African target countries with the rural commune councils, which are not used to working
together. CAP-REDEO played an active role in
bringing together the energy ministries in Cambodia and Laos with provincial authorities: this
led to a better understanding of rural electricity
needs at central government level.
Positive impacts were achieved by bringing
together different types of stakeholders. As an
example, the training, promotion and capacitybuilding work of PACEAA has generated positive
interactions among regulatory and rural electrification agencies, agri-businesses and their industry associations, and civil society groups, for the
joint planning of rural electrification and poverty
alleviation. Within the scope of MIRREIA, an
investor forum brought together six investors and
10 project developers to improve the common
understanding of the existing investor expectation
for starting a due diligence process of a renewable
energy investment initiative. In addition, a policy
forum allowed exchange among policymakers,
private sector stakeholders, as well as bilateral and
multilateral donors.
While the exchange between target countries

within the same projects was not always high,
a few projects managed to create cross-border
contacts. For instance, regional seminars and
workshops were organised which, in some cases,
mobilised interest and led to follow-up projects at
national and regional levels. An example of successful linking up is BEPITA, which created synergies between bio-energy programmes at 16 universities in West Africa, leading to an upgrade of
their educational programmes. BEPINET focused
specifically on south-south cooperation among
Latin American countries and between Africa
and Latin America with the target of creating an
international biomass network.
Most of the COOPENER projects reviewed managed to develop and enhance synergies between
other ongoing initiatives at national or international levels, thus enhancing their profile of
sustainable energy actions for poverty alleviation.
In many cases, other donor institutions and initiatives were invited to conferences, workshops
and seminars, thus informing those representatives about project results. In some cases, synergies between other initiatives were a central
part of the project. PACEAA, for instance, was
planned from the outset to contribute to a UNEP
infrastructural investment project on small hydro
plants for rural tea industries. The joint design,
training and facilitation work under PACEAA
added value to the UNEP-launched Greening the
Tea Industry in East Africa (GTIEA) work plan
in terms of enhancing the potential for rural electrification components to be added to the infrastructural investments under GTIEA. However,
although synergies were brought about among
projects with converging objectives, the experience of PACEAA also demonstrated how cooperation between projects dependent on different
donors can become a source of extra management
costs and bureaucratic challenges. Concentrating on improving the planning and operation of
rural electricity supply initiatives using renewable
energy resources, DOSBE directly took note of
ongoing rural electrification projects and assisted
in improving their management and operation.
Among others, DOSBE contributed to revising
the management model of the Euro-Solar programme in Ecuador (24). Lastly, MEPRED
created synergies between the UNDP in the
(24) http://www.programaeuro-solar.eu
38
Box 5.6: MEPRED

Making change: addressing energy as a multi-sectoral issue
Target countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal
Partners:
Direction gnral de lnergie (Burkina Faso)
ENDA (Mali)
Mali Folkecenter (Mali)
Ministre des Mines et de lEnergie (Niger)
Direction de lnergie (Senegal)
ECOWAS (regional)
Agence de lEnvironnement et de la Matrise de
lEnergie, ADEME (France)
DANIDA (Denmark)
GTZ (Germany)
NL Agency (Netherlands)
Woman using a multifunctional platform

Courtesy of the MEPRED project

Project duration: April 2005March 2008
MEPRED focused on Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal, as well as ECOWAS at the regional level.
The project helped by integrating energy and poverty issues into national and local policies/action
plans, collecting and analysing data on rural energy, contributing to institution-building, identifying
investment opportunities and contributing to regional policies and strategies. The project was
successful in delivering important outputs that also led to immediate follow-up action after completion
of the project.
MEPRED applied a multi-sectoral approach to energy and development issues, by bringing together
energy sector representatives with representatives from agriculture, education, health, nance and
policy, both at national and regional levels. With this approach, the project facilitated the collection
and analysis of information on rural energy in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal, and supported
the development of nancial models for energy service delivery. In this way, MEPRED facilitated policy
changes and helped raise substantial additional funds for rural energy activities. At the regional level,
the project supported the work on the ECOWAS White Paper on Energy Access, and the establishment of
the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Eciency (ECREEE). The project demonstrates
the important potential of addressing energy and development issues in a multi-sectoral context, which
led to important policy changes and increased investment. It also shows how a strong involvement of
EU Member States and African governments can contribute signicantly to sustainability.
context of regional energy strategies for the Economic

Community of Central African States (CEMAC) and
the East African Community (EAC).
Evidence of synergies between the COOPENER
projects has been reported in some cases, where
projects were carried out in the same region and
with similar objectives. MEPRED, for instance,
reported on synergies between IMPROVES-RE,
SIE-Afrique Phase II and RIAED. Also, being
managed by the same project coordinator

(CIRAD), information exchanges took place
between BEPITA and BEPINET, which both
worked on biomass energy platforms. In SouthEast Asia, the REEPRO, RESIREA and CAPREDEO projects established contacts, with the
consequence that local partners of different
projects planned to further collaborate after the
end of their respective projects.
39
Training seminar Courtesy of the MICROGRIDS project
Contractors meetings were organised by the

EACI in order to strengthen synergies among the
COOPENER projects: the first contractors meeting took place in Brussels, in December 2005(25)
and the second in Berlin, in March 2007(26), with
the aim to create a COOPENER community
and discuss project outcomes and criteria for
monitoring the COOPENER actions.
At the first COOPENER contractors meeting held in Brussels, representatives of consortia responsible for implementing projects
in sub-Saharan countries of Africa were
invited: finally, 34 participants representing
15 COOPENER projects attended this meeting,
with the participation of seven African partners from seven different countries (Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Madagascar, Niger,
South Africa and Tanzania), including the participation of the Director of Ministry of Mines
and Energy of Madagascar), and of the Director of the Ministry of Water and Energy in
Cameroon.
(25) COOPENER contractors meeting Contribution of COOPENER projects

to poverty alleviation in developing countries, Brussels, 6 and 7 December
2005.
(26) COOPENER contractors meeting Energy services for poverty alleviation
in developing countries, Berlin, 6 and 7March 2007 (only for projects in subSaharan Africa).
40
The second COOPENER contractors meeting took place in Berlin in conjunction with
the Africa-Europe Energy Forum Berlin
2007 Towards an Africa-Europe Energy
Partnership, hosted by the German Federal
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development and the European Commission under the German EU Presidency 2007.
The meeting covered 24 projects and gathered 86 participants, including 42 project
members from 14 African countries; it was
successful in improving the communication
between COOPENER projects; it allowed the
sharing of ideas, knowledge, information and
experience on energy-poverty links in different countries, and provided a better understanding of barriers encountered, and success
stories overcoming them.
Involving European Commission delegations

in projects is important, since their information and engagement can be decisive, for example for further funding and the selection of key
support areas. All of the relevant EC delegations
were informed through the Commissions Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation
about the start-up of COOPENER projects in
their country or region of responsibility. However, in the COOPENER actions reviewed, the EC
delegations were actively involved in only a few
cases. IMPROVES-RE and SIE-Afrique Phase II
reported on the participation of EC delegations in
a few seminars and workshops, and BEPITA mentioned regular meetings with the EC delegations
in Burkina Faso and Cameroon. In Latin America, within CRECER CON ENERGIA, the EC
delegations of Bolivia and Paraguay were invited
and attended district as well as national and
regional workshops. Furthermore, an EC delegation participated in a workshop in Ecuador
(invited by DOSBE). While for the COOPENER
programme, the involvement of delegations was
still rather low, the scenario is changing today, as
pioneering soft programmes like COOPENER
have been followed by programmes such as the
EC-ACP Energy Facility, and the inclusion of
energy as a sector of cooperation in a number of
additional ACP countries under the 10th EDF.
As a result, some EC delegations are acquiring
more specific know-how and capacity to address
sustainable energy issues.
in Madagascar. Nine decentralised rural electrification (DRE) programmes were elaborated by

the project, one for each region in the two target
provinces in South Madagascar. The project facilitated the presentation of the DRE programmes to
investors, development actors and funding agencies, which led to the funding of a few specific
renewable energy projects. RESIREA established
a green electricity plan for each target region,
showing the estimated investment for preselected
electricity supply options: those plans were considered to be put forward to possible investors
and donor facilities.
Matching the RES market development
approach to institutional context on the design
of RES rural electrification initiatives, PROVEN
makes a case for the explicit choice between the
energy service market approach versus the energy
product market approach, depending on: (a) the
local institutional and regulatory context; and (b)
the maturity of the local market infrastructure.
A set of appropriate recommendations targeted
at stakeholders and market actors was prepared,
some common to both energy service/energy
product models and some specific to each model.
5.7. Fostering investment

The lack of bankable projects is seen as a major
obstacle by many investors and financers, for
example. A number of COOPENER projects have
addressed this issue by employing an investmentoriented focus.
MIRREIA has deepened the understanding of
project bankability, providing clear evidence
from key informants that one of the main barriers for RES investment projects is not, as generally assumed, access to finance per se, but rather
the lack of specific skills and project development funding commitments of developers necessary to grow a potentially good project into a
bankable one. A key methodological output has
been the production of country-specific Guidelines on project development and risk mitigation,
well received by local public and private sector
stakeholders, providing an overview of issues, as
well as a guide with practical steps for business
planning and for the implementation of policy,
regulatory and financial risk mitigation solutions.
PEPSE has involved the private sector and potential investors, and facilitated the identification and
development of proposals for bankable projects
PACEAA has highlighted public and private

partnership opportunities, the approach leveraged on the execution of agro-industry energy
infrastructure investments (through the GTIEA
initiative, see Section 5.6) to find convergence
with the rural communities electrification needs.
The resulting work on defining appropriate business models which engage public and private
actors has collected evidence that supports the
definition of the rural electrification challenge as
a social investment, which requires public policy
support as well as the availability of private sector
player participation.
CRECER CON ENERGIA had a strong focus on
financing and entrepreneurial aspects by seeking ways to include micro-financing options for
the realisation of decentralised electrification.
Guidelines for micro-financing and the establishment of micro-enterprises have been developed.
As a result, micro-financing institutions are better aware of opportunities for combining energy
services with income-generating activities.
41
Box 5.7: CAREPI

Joint design and execution with key stakeholders and eective multi-donor coordination
Target country: Indonesia
Partners:
Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources
(Indonesia)
Institute for Research and
Community Empowerment (Indonesia)
Centre for regional Energy Management of
the University Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
(Indonesia)
University of Mataram (Indonesia)
University of Sumatra Utara (Indonesia)
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
(Netherlands)
GIZ (formerly GTZ), (Germany)
Meeting with local community to discuss

thedevelopment of a mini-hydro project
Courtesy of ECN

Project duration: January 2007October 2009
CAREPI supported the Indonesian Government in establishing a new institutional framework
for energy planning at the regional level, addressing the national energy policy reform for
decentralisation of energy planning. The human capacity of the newly formed Regional Energy
Forum in each of four target provinces was developed and strengthened, as well as the capacity
of associated local Technical Teams. In addition, four rural communities received assistance to
develop an energy service strategy and, for one of them, a 120MWh/year mini-hydro plant was
realised reaching 320 households and 10 micro-enterprises.
Joint design-execution: Key local stakeholders were engaged as partners (Ministry of Energy
and Universities in target provinces), assuring a project design fully in line with local demand
for policy development, and an implementation process progressively building ownership of
results (new institutions formed and trained). Largely due to the early engagement of a locally
present bilateral donor (the Dutch Embassy), also a best practice of multi-donor coordination
took place: the EC, the Dutch Embassy and the GIZ coordinated action, created synergies and
responded eectively to the Indonesian energy planning decentralisation need, resulting in:
(a) follow-up donor cooperation (CASINDO project); (b) establishment and strengthening of
local energy institutions; (c) local capacity for rural electrication projects formulation and
promotion. In 2010, MEMR published the Indonesia Energy Outlook 2009 with a section on
regional energy planning presenting CAREPI outputs, and drafted. Guidelines to provide further
clarication on Regional Energy Forum tasks and responsibilities, and its relations with the
National Energy Council.
42
6. Key lessons and best practices
Based on the main outcomes and impacts of the

selected COOPENER projects presented in Chapter5, this section highlights a number of key lessons and best practices drawn from the analysed
projects, with the aim of making them available to
staff working in Commission services and Member States representations working within similar
programmes.
Organisations based in the EU as well as in target
countries, such as NGOs, public bodies and commercial organisations, could also make use of the
information gathered here. Similarly, any organisation involved in sustainable energy activities
in a developing country context could benefit
from the best practice examples and key outputs
delivered by the COOPENER projects.
Key lessons drawn

COOPENER projects:
from
the
analysed
COOPENER projects have demonstrated

the importance of building institutional
capacity and systematic knowledge at
the regional, national and local levels on
policies and strategies, as well as on barriers and options for improving rural energy
access. Such capacity and knowledge is crucial for building and developing the enabling
environment, which is necessary to stimulate
local energy markets and future public and
private investments. By strengthening local
institutions, the projects have contributed
to improved energy access and to economic
growth and social improvements, including
6. KEY LESSONS AND BEST PRACTICES
43
income generation and job creation. Such

capacity-building is relevant to national and
local governments, the private sector, financing institutions, training institutions, resource
centres, NGOs and other stakeholders.
It was demonstrated that the success of

institutional strengthening actions depends
on the strength of local commitments to
sustainable energy policies. Most projects
reviewed have put more emphasis on the
strengthening of local energy expertise than
on addressing the challenge of policy development itself. However, while in general,
there still is a strong demand for capacity
development, it is important to emphasise
that its effectiveness is largely dependent
on the ability of local institutions to internalise the results of international cooperation
efforts, and this requires the commitment
of adequate financial and human resources.
Ultimately, strong local commitment to a
stable and clear sustainable energy policy
and regulatory framework is a basic requirement for the sustainability of institutional
strengthening actions.
The importance of planning for some kind

of follow-up after project completion has
been highlighted. Some of the COOPENER
projects have had a very direct and visible
follow-up, whilst for others it was more indirect and less visible, and for a few projects the
follow-up appears to have been rather weak.
The sustainability of project activities and
their continuation and/or further development/implementation is key to ensuring lasting changes on the ground. Local ownership
of results and project follow-up should be
foreseen from the beginning when designing
future initiatives for supporting sustainable
energy projects.
COOPENER projects have highlighted the

added value of bringing project teams from
different developing countries together and
of maximising the synergies between them.
While the exchanges between target countries
within the same project were not always high,
cross-border contacts have been established
in some projects: regional seminars and
workshops mobilised interest and, in some
cases, led to follow-up projects at national
44
and regional levels. Bringing together actors

from different projects was also fruitful. For
instance, project teams from a number of
COOPENER projects in South-East Asia
established contacts, leading to further collaboration after the end of the respective
projects.
Some projects have demonstrated the added

value of engaging with actors from both the
energy sector and other economic sectors,
when working to improve access to modern energy supplies for poverty alleviation.
This integrative approach has led to more
transparency and higher quality in energy
planning and project development. Moreover, multi-stakeholder network-building was
shown to be instrumental in building an
enabling policy framework which helps to
expand the market for decentralised rural
energy systems.
the local EU delegations can be decisive for

further funding. In future, the concerned
EU delegations should therefore not only be
systematically informed at the start of such
projects, but they should also receive periodic
result-oriented reports for information and
possible further use.
Making payments only to EU-based organisations: the COOPENER budget line could
only be used to pay organisations based in
the EU, so all developing country partners
were paid as subcontractors. The approach
was made to work, but led to some problems.
Several project partners from sub-Saharan
Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia
felt that a spirit of equal partnership was lacking. The subcontracting was particularly difficult to implement where the local partner
was a government department or institution.
One project coordinator commented that
the combined and overlapping administrative constraints from the European public
bodies, African public bodies and the European Commission had created a rather heavy
administrative workload.
COOPENER projects have highlighted

the need for detailed guidance on project
reporting. The projects which were reviewed
have generally produced high-quality deliverables and professional technical reports.
However, the good quality deliverables were
not always matched by equally good quality
final management reports.
COOPENER projects have underlined the

importance of ensuring that project outcomes are disseminated to other actors. Different projects have produced key outcomes
with potential for further utilisation and with
multiplier effects, which are worthwhile for
dissemination. The resulting approaches,
products (e.g. handbooks, training material,
etc.) and tools are potentially useful to other
organisations and end-users in the same and/
or other countries. Therefore, it is important
that specific resources are foreseen within
the project budget and plans to ensure that
project outcomes are effectively disseminated
to other actors.
Specific lessons for designers and managers of

sustainable energy programmes:
COOPENER projects have shown that it is

important for project consortia to include
staff with experience in developing countries and with intercultural competence, as
well as staff with international experience
of energy issues. Similarly, it was very helpful
if EU-based partners in the project consortia
had a strong representation or even a permanent staff representative with local expertise
and language capacities within the target
country.
Involvement of EU delegations: the
COOPENER projects did not systematically work through the local EU delegations. The relevant EU delegations were officially informed at the beginning of each
COOPENER project but, at that time, many
delegations did not have specific in-house
energy expertise, and it was often not clear
what added value the delegations could bring
to such projects. Those projects which were
most successful in working with the relevant
EU delegations, contacted them directly and,
at the same time, arranged for a message of
support to be sent from the EC team in Brussels. Today, energy for development has a
far higher priority, and the engagement of
45
COOPENER projects demonstrated the

added value of using open calls for proposals, which allowed public and private bodies to apply for EU funding for cooperation
initiatives, addressing specific demand-driven
issues. This approach is complementary to EU
development (bilateral) programmes, which
are normally channelled through national
authorities.
Consortia with organisations from different
EU countries: the COOPENER requirement
related to the setting up of consortia constituted by organisations from different EU
countries highlighted the benefits of working
together in energy development cooperation.
COOPENER projects facilitated the sharing
of strategies, strengths and experiences in the
field, which was one of the objectives of the
EUEI.
Best practices developed by the COOPENER

projects are highlighted below. More details on
the concerned projects can be found in Chapter5
and in the dedicated boxes highlighting success

stories of a number of the selected projects.
Multi-sectoral processes for energy-planning

and project development at national and
regional levels: it is particularly important for future market development to bring
together people from the energy supply side
with people from the energy demand side
in a local producer-consumer dialogue, and
to involve the private sector in discussions
on the potentials and barriers for improving energy access (e.g. the CARAMCODEC,
ENABLE, MEPRED, CRECER CON ENERGIA and IMPROVES-RE projects; see also
Section5.6).
A vertical approach which combines the

implementation of actions at the local
level with policy inputs and communication at the national level: the effectiveness of bottom-up initiatives at the local
level can be improved if such initiatives are
complemented by top-down programming
which is designed to increase the uptake of
Teres Genit micro-hydropower plant, Indonesia Courtesy of the CAREPI project
46
successful local practices. Such vertical

approaches can be quite effective in mobilising wider support for energy and development activities and investments (e.g. the
CARAMCODEC, ENABLE, PROVEN and
CAP-REDEO projects).
Participatory approaches: some projects

involved a large number of interest groups
at an early stage with the objective of collaboratively defining opportunities and barriers for the realisation of energy projects.
Moreover, in some cases, an adaptive management approach was employed, engaging
local stakeholders and progressively building ownership, and in this manner increasing
the likelihood of a local uptake of the project
results (e.g. the ENABLE, TIE-ENERGIA,
PACEAA, CRECER CON ENERGIA and
PEPSE projects).
Innovative tools and approaches for
energy data collection, energy planning
and project implementation: COOPENER
projects implemented and, in some cases, further developed, inter alia, GIS-based energy
planning tools and databases, and practical
tools such as handbooks (e.g. the CAPREDEO,

MEPRED,
IMPROVES-RE,
CRECER CON ENERGIA, DOSBE and
ENEFIBIO projects; see also Section5.3).
Increased availability of, and access to,

information on (sustainable) energy: the
development of web-based communication
tools and cross-border and regional networks
between energy experts and other stakeholders led to an exchange of knowledge and experience, with considerable benefits in terms
of access to information and which may
lead to more joint actions and a pooling of
resources in the future (e.g. the RIAED and
RESIREA projects; see also Section5.1).
Improved quality and availability of statistics on energy: the problem of non-existing

or scattered information has been addressed
by introducing energy information systems,
which provide up-to-date statistics on energy
in the respective countries. Energy information systems are now active in several countries in West and Central Africa, allowing
concerned national energy departments to
gain a better understanding of the energy
Practical showcases for RES Courtesy of the REEPRO project, DGS
47
sector and supporting them in the elaboration

and monitoring of more coherent and structured national energy policies (SIE-Afrique
PhaseII; see also Section5.1).
48
Implementation-oriented focus: the lack of

bankable projects is often seen as a major
obstacle to improving rural energy access.
This was addressed by COOPENER projects
with an implementation-oriented focus.
Projects have deepened the understanding of

project bankability and, involving the private
sector and potential investors, facilitated the
identification and development of proposals
for bankable projects. Also, public and private partnership opportunities were highlighted, as well as micro-financing options for
the realisation of decentralised electrification.
(e.g. the MIRREIA and PEPSE projects; see
also Section5.7).
7. Conclusions
This assessment of COOPENER projects, organised by the EACI over the period October 2010
June 2011 and after the completion of the last
COOPENER action, provides a good overview of
the impacts and outputs from the projects as well
as a valuable compilation of lessons learned and
best practices.
COOPENER has provided a rather unique and
pioneering experience in terms of international
cooperation on sustainable development, with
innovative features concerning the design, size
and setting up of project teams from different
countries and different skills and experiences.
COOPENER projects led to important changes
on energy sustainability in the target countries,
and have already helped to shape other sustainable energy programmes, such as the first ACPEU Energy Facility as regards focus, priority areas
and funding rules.
The lessons learned will be directly relevant to

those actors the staff of EU and national organisations, NGOs, public bodies and commercial
organisations in EU and developing countries,
who are working with similar programmes.
Similarly, the best practices identified amongst the
activities carried out within these COOPENER
projects will be of interest to these same actors as
well as to those organisations which are responsible for carrying out similar projects in the future:
it may be possible for them to replicate these best
practices as part of their own work.
Design: Claire Laargue Courtesy of the PROVEN project
7. CONCLUSIONS
49
Acronyms and abbreviations
ACP
ADEME
ADER
AEEP
CEMA
CEMAC
DGS
CIRAD
EAC
EACI
EC
ECOWAS
ECREEE
EDF
EIS
ENRTP
African, Caribbean and Pacific States

LAgence de lenvironnement et de la matrise de lnergie
Agency for Rural Electrification (Madagascar)
Africa-EU Energy Partnership
Conference of Energy Ministers of Africa
Economic Community of Central African States
Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Sonnenenergie e.V.
Centre de coopration internationale en recherche agronomique pour le dveloppement
East African Community
Executive Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation
European Commission
Economic Community of West African States
ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
European Development Fund
Energy Information System
Thematic programme for the Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural
Resources including Energy
EU
European Union
EUEI
EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development
EUEI-PDF EUEI Partnership Dialogue Facility
FEMA
Forum of Energy Ministers of Africa
GEEREF
Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GIS
Geographic information system
GIZ
German Agency for International Cooperation (formerly GTZ)
GNESD
Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development
GTIEA
Greening the Tea Industry in East Africa project
GVEP
Global Village Energy Partnership
IEA
International Energy Agency
IEE
Intelligent Energy Europe
JREC
Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition
LA
Latin America
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
M&EED
Monitoring and Evaluation in Energy for Development
NGO
Non-governmental organisation
RECP
Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation programme
REEEP
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership
RES
Renewable Energy Sources
SEA
South-East Asia
SIDA
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SMEs
small and medium-sized enterprises
SSA
Sub-Saharan Africa
UEMOA
West African Economic and Monetary Union
UN
United Nations
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
WSSD
World Summit on Sustainable Development
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
51
ANNEXES
ANNEXES
53
Annex 1: Distribution per call and per region

for dierent steps of the evaluation process
The following tables will provide information on the number of

proposals:
per call: 2003, 2004 and 2005;
per region: sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Latin America (LA)

and South-East Asia (SEA); and
per step of the evaluation process: proposals submitted;

eligible proposals evaluated; proposals recommended by the
evaluation committee and contracted projects.
(a) Summary table

Proposals
2003
2004
2005
SSA
SSA
LA
SSA
LA
SEA
Submitted
31
20
14
18
Total submitted
31
Evaluated
29
Total evaluated
29
Recommended
15
Total recommended
15
Contracted
14
Total contracted
14
28
Total
41
18
13
25
17
100
9
39
14
6
5
13
The chart shows the number of proposals/projects per region and

per step of the evaluation process.
SSA
60
50
40
30
SSA
LA
SSA
20
SEA
10
LA
SEA
LA
SEA
0
Submitted
proposals
Recommended
proposals
Projects
SSA
65
30
24
LA
26
SEA
54
45
45
(b) Regional distribution in steps of the evaluation process
70
93
93
16
100
36
36
(c) Success rate per region

This table shows the success rate submitted versus recommended
proposals per region.
Area
Submitted
proposals
Recommended
proposals
Success rate
%
SSA
65
30
46
LA
26
35
Asia
67
Total
100
45
45
(d) Submitted proposals per call and region

Call for
proposals
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Latin
America
SouthEast Asia
Total
2003
31
31
2004
20
2005
14
18
41
Total
65
26
100
SEA
Total
28
(e) Projects per call and region

Call for
proposals
SSA
LA
2003
14
14
2004
2005
13
Total
24
36
ANNEXES
55
Annex 2: Proposer proles
The following tables provide information about the origin (EU

and target countries) as well as the type of organisations involved
in project proposals to the COOPENER programme.
(a) EU member states involved in recommended proposals

200305
Total
SSA
LA
SEA
No of recommended proposals
45
30
EU Member States involved
13
13
EU partners involved
124
83
25
16
Average No of EU partners
per proposal
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
(b) Target countries involved in recommended proposals

200305
Total
SSA
LA
SEA
No of recommended proposals
45
30
No of target countries
involved
55
41
No of local partners involved
159
100
33
26
Average No of local partners

per proposal
2.9
2.4
3.7
5.2
(c) Origin of EU partners in submitted and recommended

proposals
60
56
Submitted proposals
Recommended proposals
52
50
45
43
40
34
30
25
20
20
19
13
10
0
14
11
7
3
2
AT
56
19
17
BE
0 1 0
BU
CY
DE
DK
ES
6
2
FI
FR
16
13
HE
IT
1 0 1 0
LIT
LU
NL
PL
6
2
1 0
PT
RO
SE
0 1 0
SK
SL
UK
(d) Types of organisations involved in recommended

proposals
EU organisations
Target country organisations
Type of organisation
No
Type of organisation
No
Chamber of Commerce
Chamber of Commerce
Consultant
26
Consultant
28
Energy agency
Financing institution
Energy service company
Industrial association
Industrial association
National administration/agency
32
International organisation
NGO/foundation
33
National development agency
Research centre
10
NGO/foundation
15
Sub-national administration/agency
Research centre
21
Training institute
Sub-national administration
University
28
Training institution
Utility
University
29
Other
13
Other
Total
159
Total
124
EU Organisations involved in recommended

proposals
Other
EU Organisations involved in recommended

proposals
Chamber of Commerce
Other
Chamber of Commerce
Utility
University
Consultant
Training
institution
University
Financing
institution
Industrial
association
Training
institute
Energy agency
Energy service
company
Industrial
association
Sub-national
administration
Research centre
Sub-national
administration/agency
National
administration
agency
Research centre
International
organisation
NGO/foundation
National
development
agency
Consultant
NGO/foundation
ANNEXES
57
Annex 3: Geographical coverage of contracted

projects in the target countries
EIE-05-141
ANDENERGY
EIE-05-196
HABIT@
EIE-05-212
CRECER CON ENERGIA
EIE-06-240
ENERGYCENTRAL
EIE-06-255
DOSBE
EIE-06-277
GOTA VERDE
Suriname
Peru
Paraguay
Guyana
French Guiana
Falkland Islands
Ecuador
Colombia
Chile
Brazil
Bolivia
Argentina
Panama
Nicaragua
Mexico
Honduras
Guatemala
Venezuela
BEPINET
Vietnam
EIE-05-139
El Salvador
Central America
Uruguay
Project acronym
East Timor
Project No
Costa Rica
Belize
(a) Countries targeted in Latin America
South America
Project No
Project acronym
EIE-06-248
RENDEV
EIE-06-256
REEPRO
EIE-06-261
CAREPI
EIE-06-265
CAP REDEO
EIE-06-272
RESIREA
58
South-central Asia
South-eastern Asia
Thailand
Singapore
Philippines
Myanmar
Malaysia
Laos
Indonesia
Cambodia
Brunei Darussalam
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Nepal
Maldives
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
Iran
India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
(b) Countries targeted in South-East Asia
ANNEXES
59
ENABLE
ENEFIBIO
IE4Sahel
EIE-04-099
EIE-04-129
EIE-04-131
SIE-Afrique
Phase II
MEPRED
MICROGRIDS
REEPASA
RIAED
PREA
EETT
CARAMCODEC
EIE-04-201
EIE-04-236
EIE-04-243
EIE-05-011
EIE-05-046
EIE-05-061
EIE-05-121
EIE-05-215
EIE-06-244
E-MINDSET
SURE-Africa
TreeSpa
EIE-06-250
EIE-06-274
EIE-06-278
PACEAA
DEA
EIE-04-198
EIE-06-247
APPLES
TIE-ENERGIA
EIE-04-168
IMPROVES-RE
INSABA
EIE-04-094
PROVEN
MIRREIA
EIE-04-034
EIE-04-166
BEPITA
EIE-04-032
EIE-04-133
PEPSE
EIE-04-004
Project No, Project

acronym
Niger
Mali
Liberia
Cte dIvoire
Western Africa
Mauritania
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Ghana
Cape Verde
Burkina Faso
Benin
(c) Countries targeted in sub-Saharan Africa
Runion
Mozambique
Mayotte
Mauritius
Eastern Africa
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Congo
Chad
Central African Republic

Central Africa
South Africa
Namibia
Lesotho
Botswana
Southern Africa
Swaziland
So Tom and Prncipe

Gabon
Equatorial Guinea
Cameroon
Angola
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Tanzania
Uganda
Sudan
Somalia
Seychelles
Rwanda
Malawi
Madagascar
Kenya
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Djibouti
Comoros
Burundi
Togo
Gambia
Sierra Leone
Senegal
Saint Helena
Nigeria
Annex 4: Overview of the 36 COOPENER projects
In Annex 4, information is provided on the 36 projects contracted by the COOPENER programme. The
overview table indicates the projects location, call and project duration. Projects used for the detailed
assessment are marked. Subsequently, more detailed facts on the projects are given.
(a) Overview
Project acronym
Contract No
Location
Call
ANDENERGY
EIE/05/141
LA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2007
APPLES
EIE/04/168
SSA
2003
1.6.200531.7.2008
BEPINET
EIE/05/139
LA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2008
BEPITA
EIE/04/032
SSA
2003
1.1.200531.12.2007
CAP-REDEO
EIE/06/265
Asia
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
CARAMCODEC
EIE/06/244
SSA
2005
1.1.200731.5.2009
CAREPI
EIE/06/261
Asia
2005
1.1.200731.10.2009
CRECER CON ENERGIA
EIE/05/212
LA
2004
1.1.200630.6.2008
DEA
EIE/04/201
SSA
2003
1.5.200531.10.2007
DOSBE
EIE/06/255
LA
2005
1.1.200731.12.2008
EETT
EIE/05/215
SSA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2007
E-MINDSET
EIE/06/250
SSA
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
ENABLE
EIE/04/099
SSA
2003
1.1.200530.6.2007
ENEFIBIO
EIE/04/129
SSA
2003
1.7.200531.12.2007
ENERGY CENTRAL
EIE/06/240
LA
2005
1.1.200731.12.2008
GOTA VERDE
EIE/06/277
LA
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
HABIT@
EIE/05/196
LA
2004
1.1.200631.8.2007
IE4Sahel
EIE/04/131
SSA
2003
1.4.200531.7.2007
IMPROVES-RE
EIE/04/133
SSA
2003
1.4.200530.3.2007
INSABA
EIE/04/094
SSA
2003
1.4.200531.3.2008
MEPRED
EIE/04/243
SSA
2003
1.4.200531.3.2008
MICROGRIDS
EIE/05/011
SSA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2007
MIRREIA
EIE/04/034
SSA
2003
1.1.200530.6.2007
PACEAA
EIE/06/247
SSA
2005
1.9.200731.8.2010
PEPSE
EIE/04/004
SSA
2003
1.4.200531.8.2008
PREA
EIE/05/121
SSA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2008
PROVEN
EIE/04/166
SSA
2003
1.4.200530.6.2008
REEPASA
EIE/05/046
SSA
2004
1.1.200630.6.2008
REEPRO
EIE/06/256
Asia
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
60
Project duration
Project acronym
Contract No
Location
Call
Project duration
RENDEV
EIE/06/248
Asia
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
RESIREA
EIE/06/272
Asia
2005
1.1.200731.12.2009
RIAED
EIE/05/061
SSA
2004
1.1.200631.12.2008
SIE-Afrique Phase II
EIE/04/236
SSA
2003
1.1.200530.6.2008
SURE-Africa
EIE/06/274
SSA
2005
1.1.200730.6.2009
TIE-ENERGIA
EIE/04/198
SSA
2003
1.1.200530.6.2007
TreeSpa
EIE/06/278
SSA
2005
1.12.200630.11.2009
(b) Project information
ANDENERGY
APPLES
Andean Energy Hub

Target area: Latin America
Countries: Peru, Ecuador
Coordinator: Inter-university Research Centre
for Sustainable Development, Sapienza
University of Rome (Italy)
Partners: Instituto Superior Tcnico (Portugal);
Research Centre for Sustainable Development,
Catholic University of Santo Toribio de
Mogrovejo (Peru); University of Piura (Peru);
Andean Community (Peru); Centro de Ecologa y
Gnero (Peru); Escuela Politecnica del Litoral
Guayaquil (Ecuador)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2007
Benets: Poverty reduction in rural, peri-urban
and urban communities of Peru and Ecuador
Alleviation of Poverty through the Provision

oflocal Energy Services
Internet: http://applesonline.info
Target area: Sub-Saharan Africa
Country: South Africa
Coordinator: Energy Research Centre of the
Netherlands (Netherlands)
Partners: Technical University of Denmark
(Denmark); Chancellor, Masters and Scholars
of the University of Oxford (United Kingdom);
University of Cape Town (South Africa); Parallax
(South Africa)
Duration: 1.6.200531.7.2008
Benets: Improved access to modern energy
for poor people; income-generating economic
activities; job creation
ANNEXES
61
BEPINET
BEPITA
Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation

forTraining in Latin America Network
Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Coordinator: French Agricultural Research
Centre for International Development (CIRAD)
(France)
Partners: Universit Catholique de Louvain
(Belgium); Aston University (United Kingdom);
IBAMA (Brazil); UFPA (Brazil); UNAS, (Peru);
INIAP (Ecuador)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2008
Benets: Bio-energy contribution to
development, equity and sustainability
Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation

forTraining in Africa
Internet: http://www.bepita.net/
Countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon
(France)
Partners: Universit Catholique de Louvain
(Belgium); Ecole Inter-Etat dIngnieurs de
lEquipement Rural (Burkina Faso); Innovation
en Solaire et METallique (Burkina Faso);
Ecole Nationale Suprieure Polytechnique
(Cameroon)
Duration: 1.1.200531.12.2007
Benets: Strengthening local energy expertise
and developing energy production capacity
inAfrica
CAP-REDEO
CAPacity and institutional strengthening
for Rural Electrication and development,
Decentralised Energy Options
Internet: http://www.cap-redeo.com/
Target area: Asia
Countries: Cambodia, Laos
Coordinator: Innovation Energie
Dveloppement (France)
Partners: ETC Foundation (Netherlands);
Innovative Engineering Group (Cambodia);
Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy
(Cambodia); Ministry of Industry and
Handicrafts (Laos); SV Consultants (Laos)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Rural electrication as a development
tool; replicable training programmes
62
CARAMCODEC
Improved Carbonisation and decentralised
Forestry Control in Madagascar
Internet: http://caramcodec.com/
Country: Madagascar
(France)
Partners: Centre Wallon de Recherches
Agronomiques (Belgium); Association
Participation la Gestion de lEnvironnement
(PARTAGE) (Madagascar); Centre National de la
Recherche Applique au Dveloppement Rural
(FOFIFA) (Madagascar)
Duration: 1.1.200731.5.2009
Benets: Sustainable use of local energy
resources and improved income generation
CAREPI
CRECER CON ENERGIA
Contributing to poverty Alleviation through

Regional Energy Planning in Indonesia
Internet: http://www.carepi.info/
Target area: Asia
Country: Indonesia
Coordinator: Energy Research Centre of the
Netherlands (Netherlands)
Partners: Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ)
(Germany); Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources (Indonesia); Institute for Research
and Community Empowerment (Indonesia);
Centre for regional Energy Management of
the University Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
(Indonesia); University of Mataram (Indonesia);
University of Sumatra Utara (Indonesia)
Duration: 1.1.200731.10.2009
Benets: Capacity-building on regional energy
policy formulation and developing concrete
mini-hydro projects
Linking Income-Generating Activities and

Micro-enterprises with Energy Services for the
Poor in the Chaco Region
Internet: http://www.crecerconenergia.net/
Countries: Bolivia, Paraguay
Coordinator: IT Power Limited (United
Kingdom)
Partners: PlaNet Finance; TRANSENERGIE
(France); Adviesbureau voor Energiestrategie
(Netherlands); Trama TecnoAmbiental (Spain)
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologa y Normativa
(Paraguay); ESENERG (Paraguay); ANED
(Bolivia); ENERGETICA (Bolivia); CINER (Bolivia)
Duration: 1.1.200630.6.2008
Benets: Capacity-building for rural
development, micro-nancing and rural microenterprises
DOSBE
DEA
Development and Energy in Africa
Internet: http://www.deafrica.net
Countries: Botswana, Ghana, Mali, Senegal,
Tanzania, Zambia
Coordinator: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
(Denmark)
Partners: Energy Research Centre of the
Netherlands (Netherlands); EECG Consultants
Pty Ltd (Botswana); KITE (Ghana); Mali
Folkecenter (Mali); ENDA Energy (Senegal);
TaTEDO (Tanzania); CEEEZ (Zambia)
Duration: 1.5.200531.10.2007
Benets: Information obtained will lead to
enhanced development impacts of future
energy projects
Desarrollo de operadores elctricos para

reduccin de la pobreza en Ecuador y el Per
Countries: Ecuador, Peru
Coordinator: Trama TecnoAmbiental (Spain)
Partners: PHK Consultants (France); Fraunhofer
Gesellschaft zur Frderung der angewandten
Forschung e.V. (Germany); UNIVERSIDAD
POLITECNICA DE MADRID (UPM) (Spain);
Corena, S.A. (Ecuador); Enerpro (Ecuador);
Servicios de Ingeniera y Estudios Especiales
S.A. (Peru); Soluciones Practicas (Peru)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2008
Benets: Better integration of renewable
energy systems in the electricity frameworks of
Ecuador and Peru
ANNEXES
63
EETT
E-MINDSET
Energy Eciency Training of Trainers

Countries: Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique,
So Tom and Prncipe
Coordinator: MVV Consulting GmbH
(Germany)
Partners: ISR-University of Coimbra (Portugal);
Universidade Agostinho Neto (Angola);
Chamber of Commerce (Cape Verde); University
Eduardo Mondlane (Mozambique); Empresa de
Agua e Electricidade (So Tom and Prncipe)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2007
Benets: The development of regional Energy
Management Training Centres
Energising the Millennium Development

Goals Setting the Enabling Environment in
Southern Africa
Internet: http://www.hedon.info/E-MINDSET
Countries: Botswana, Malawi, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Coordinator: Intermediate Technology
Development Group Ltd (United Kingdom)
Partners: University of Twente (Netherlands);
International Power Conversion Systems
(Malawi); Energy and Environment Concerns for
Zambia (Zambia); Southern Centre for Energy
and Environment (Botswana); Practical Action
Southern Africa (Zimbabwe)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Local agents and planners trained;
increased awareness
ENABLE
Building capacity in renewables in the health,
education and water sectors to help meet
poverty reduction targets in sub-Saharan Africa
Countries: Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda
Coordinator: IT Power Limited (United
Kingdom)
Partners: TRANSENERGIE (France); Stockholm
Environment Institute (Sweden); IT Power
Eastern Africa (regional); African Uganda
(Uganda); Quin Tsens; Senegalese Agency
for Rural Electrication (Senegal); TaTEDO
(Tanzania)
Duration: 1.1.200530.6.2007
Benets: Support of the EU Energy Initiative
and of Millennium Development Goals in the
health, education and water sectors
64
ENEFIBIO
Removal of non-technological barriers to
encourage SME energy eciency by the rational
use of biomass
Countries: Cameroon, Senegal
Coordinator: Centre Wallon de Recherches
Agronomiques (Belgium)
Partners: Institut Technique Europen du
Bois Energie (France); ENDA-TM (Senegal);
Environnement Recherche Action (Cameroon)
Duration: 1.7.200531.12.2007
Benets: Fossil fuel replacement, SMEs energy
eciency, activities in rural areas
ENERGYCENTRAL
GOTA VERDE
Strengthening municipal action on renewable

energy in Central America
Countries: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Coordinator: Instituto de Engenharia Mecnica
(Portugal)
Partners: Leicester Masaya Link Group
(United Kingdom); Asociacin de Desarollo
Integral Comunitrio (Nicaragua); Asociacin
de Municipios de Nicaragua (Nicaragua);
Universidad Centro Americana (Nicaragua,
Guatemala and Honduras)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2008
Benets: Cooperation between Europe and
Central America, technology transfer, enhanced
public participation in decision-making
Promotion of small-scale biofuel production and

use in Honduras
Internet: http://www.gotaverde.org/index.html/
Country: Honduras
Coordinator: Stichting STRO (Netherlands)
Partners: Dajolka (Denmark); Fact
Foundation (Netherlands); Humanistisch
Instituut voor ontwikkelings Samenwerking
(Netherlands); Ageratec (Sweden); Institute
for European Environmental Policy, London
(United Kingdom); Honduran Foundation for
Agricultural Investigation (Honduras); National
Institute for Professional Training (Honduras);
Foundation for Rural Enterprise Development
(Honduras)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Promotion of local production and
consumption of biofuels (pure plant oil); local
development and economic benets for poor
farmers and entrepreneurs in the Yoro Region
(Honduras)
HABIT@
Renewable energies and energy eciency on
the built environment
Countries: Argentina, Mexico, Peru
Coordinator: Abita Soc Coop (Italy)
Partners: Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya
(Spain); Universidad Nacional de Tucumn
(Argentina); Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo
(Mexico); Universidad Ricardo Palma de Lima
(Peru)
Duration: 1.1.200631.8.2007
Benets: Increased local capacity to improve
energy eciency and use of renewables in
buildings
IE4Sahel
Energy for poverty alleviation in Sahel
Internet: http://ie4sahel.energyprojects.net
Country: Niger
Coordinator: Instituto Superior Tcnico
(Portugal)
Partners: Centre for Renewable Energy Sources
(Greece); Energy for Sustainable Development
Ltd (United Kingdom); Agrymeth Regional
Centre (Niger)
Duration: 1.4.200531.7.2007
Benets: A well-established centre for capacitybuilding of local human resources
ANNEXES
65
IMPROVES-RE
INSABA
Improving the Economic and Social Impact of

Rural Electrication
Internet: http://www.improves-re.com
Countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali, Niger
Coordinator: Innovation Energie
Dveloppement (France)
Partners: Risoe National Laboratory (Denmark);
ETC Foundation (Netherlands); Direction
Gnrale de lEnergie (Burkina Faso); Fonds de
Dveloppement de lElectrication (Burkina
Faso); Ministre de lEnergie et de lEau
(Cameroon); Agence dElectrication Rurale
(Cameroon); AMADER (Mali); Ministre des
Mines et de lEnergie (Niger)
Duration: 1.4.200530.3.2007
Benets: Integrated planning approach taking
into account synergies between social services
and rural electrication
Integrated Southern Africa Business Advisory

Internet: http://www.insaba.org
Countries: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa,
Zambia
Coordinator: InWEnt Internationale
Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbH
(Germany)
Partners: CENTRIC AUSTRIA INTERNATIONAL
(Austria); Folkecenter for Renewable Energy
(Denmark); Adelphi Research gGmbH
(Germany); InWEnt Internationale
Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbH
(Germany); Botswana Technology Centre
(Botswana); CEEEZ (Zambia); OneWorld (South
Africa); Solar Age (Namibia)
Duration: 1.4.200531.3.2008
Benets: Job creation; poverty alleviation; SME
support; new markets for advanced adapted
technologies
MEPRED
Mainstreaming Energy for Poverty Reduction
and Sustainable Development into EU
Development Assistance
Internet: http://www.mepred.eu
Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal
Coordinator: Agence de lEnvironnement et de
la Matrise de lEnergie (France)
Partners: DANIDA (Denmark); GTZ (Germany),
NL Agency (Netherlands); Direction gnral
de lnergie (Burkina Faso); ENDA (Mali);
Mali Folkecenter (Mali); Ministre des Mines
et de lEnergie (Niger); direction de lnergie
(Senegal); ECOWAS (regional)
Duration: 1.4.200531.3.2008
Total budget: EIR2227000
Benets: Increase support from public
authorities, North and South, to energy access
programmes aimed at poverty reduction and
sustainable development
66
MICROGRIDS
Promotion of microgrids and RES (Renewable
Energy Sources) for electrication in developing
countries
Country: Senegal
Coordinator: Fundacin ROBOTIKER (Spain)
Partners: ESTIA CCI BAYONNE PAYS
BASQUE (France); Centre dtudes et de
recherches sur les nergies renouvelables
(Senegal); Regional Council of Dakar (Senegal);
Ministry of Industry and Mines (Senegal);
Services de lnergie en milieu sahlien
(Senegal)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2007
Benets: Important decision-makers are more
aware of renewables and microgrids for the
electrication of rural areas
MIRREIA
PACEAA
Mitigating Risk and strengthening capacity for

Rural Electricity Investment in Africa
Internet: http://mirreia.energyprojects.net
Countries: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Coordinator: Energy for Sustainable
Development Ltd (United Kingdom)
Partners: Wazee Consulting ApS (Denmark);
Transport Resource Centre Limited (Tanzania);
Power Networks (Uganda); Energy for
Sustainable Development Africa (Kenya)
Duration: 1.1.200530.6.2007
Benets: Direct support to developers and
investors in the three countries and bringing
together key institutional stakeholders
Poverty Alleviation through Cleaner Energy

from Agro-Industries in Africa
Internet: http://www.paceaa.org
Countries: Burundi, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia
Coordinator: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
(Denmark)
Partners: Innovation Energie Dveloppement
(France); United Nations Environment
Programme Division of Technology Industry
and Economics (France); African Energy Policy
Research Network (Kenya); East Africa Tea Trade
Association (Kenya)
Duration: 1.9.200731.8.2010
Benets: Increased access to electricity in
rural areas, based on clean and locally available
energy resources, contributing to poverty
alleviation
PEPSE
Poverty Eradication and Planning of Sustainable
Energy
Internet: http://energies-renouvelables.org/
pepse/
Target area: Sub-Saharan Africa Country:
Madagascar
Coordinator: Fondation des Energies pour le
Monde (France)
Partners: Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt
Magdeburg (Germany); Ministre de lnergie
(Madagascar)
Duration: 1.4.200531.8.2008
Total budget: EUR 658125
Benets: Development of the know-how of
institutions and local operators
PREA
Promoting Renewable Energy in Africa
Internet: http://prea.ises.org/
Countries: South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda
Coordinator: Universitt Dortmund (Germany)
Partners: Universit de la Rochelle (France);
International Solar Energy Society (Germany);
National and Kapodestrian University of Athens
(Greece); London Metropolitan University
(United Kingdom); University of Dar es
Salaam (Tanzania); Uganda Martyrs University
(Uganda); University of the Witwatersrand
(South Africa)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2008
Benets: Cooperation between four European
and three African Universities on capacitybuilding for energy professionals in Tanzania,
Uganda and South Africa
ANNEXES
67
PROVEN
REEPASA
PROVEN in Rural Africa

Internet: http://www.energies- renouvelables.
org/proven/eng/default.asp
Countries: Kenya, Senegal
Coordinator: Fondation des Energies pour le
Monde (France)
Partners: Free Energy Foundation (the
Netherlands); ESDA (Kenya); ENDA-TM
(Senegal)
Duration: 1.4.200530.6.2008
Benets: Development of the know-how of
institutions and local operators
Renewable and Ecient Energy for Poverty

Alleviation in Southern Africa
Internet: http://reepasa.energyprojects.net
Countries: Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa,
Swaziland, Zambia Coordinator: Energy for
Sustainable Development Ltd (United Kingdom)
Partners: KWI Consultants GmbH (Austria);
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Frderung der
angewandten Forschung e.V. (Germany);
ESDA (Kenya); CEEEZ (Zambia); Austral
(Mozambique); Palmer Development Group;
Sustainable Transactions (South Africa);
Environmental Consulting Services/Renewable
Energy Association of Swaziland (Swaziland)
Duration: 1.1.200630.6.2008
Benets: Productive use and cross-sectoral
approaches; less costs and improved service
delivery for local authorities; less poverty
REEPRO
Promotion of the Ecient Use of Renewable
Energies in Developing Countries
Internet: http://www.dgs.de/reepro.html
Target area: Asia
Countries: Cambodia, Laos
Coordinator: Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
Sonnenenergie e.V. (Germany)
Partners: Turku School of Economics (Finland);
Futures Research Centre (Finland); European
Forum for Economic Cooperation (Germany);
Cambodian Education and Waste Management
Organisation (Cambodia); Institute of Technology
of Cambodia (Cambodia); National University of
Laos (Laos); Technology Research Institute (Laos);
Community Development and Environment
Association (Laos)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Poverty eradication, reliable renewable
energy services, bio-energy, solar thermal and
photovoltaic guidebooks and training programmes
68
RENDEV
Reinforcing provision of sustainable ENergy
services in Bangladesh and Indonesia
for Poverty alleviation and sustainable
DEVelopment
Internet: http://www.rendev.org/
Target area: Asia
Countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia
Coordinator: PlaNet Finance (France)
Partners: TRANSENERGIE (France); IT Power
Limited (United Kingdom); Grameen Shakti
(Bangladesh); Association for Underprivileged
People (Bangladesh); Bina Swadaya (Indonesia);
UKABIMA (Indonesia)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Capacity-building for rural
development, micro-nancing and microenterprises
RESIREA
RIAED
Renewable energy sustainable programmes for

intelligent rural electrication and poverty alleviation
Internet: http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/
resirea/
Target area: Asia
Countries: Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam
Coordinator: Fondation des Energie pour le Monde
(France)
Partners: Centre Wallon de Recherches
Agronomiques (CRA-W) (Belgium); Fraunhofer
Gesellschaft zur Frderung der angewandten
Forschung e.V. (Germany); Ministry of Industry and
Handicraft (Laos); Ministry of Industry, Mines and
Energy (Cambodia); Centre for Renewable Energy
and Rural Development (Vietnam)
Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009
Benets: Electrication programmes which
are technically and economically sustainable;
promotion of ecological and decentralised energy
systems; contribution to poverty alleviation
Rseau International dAccs aux Energies

Durables
Internet: http://www.riaed.net
Countries: Mali, Senegal, francophone
countries
Coordinator: Association GRETh (France)
Partners: Association pour la Promotion des
Energies Renouvelables asbl (Belgium); Agence
Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie
(France); Agence Sngalaise dElectrication
Rurale (Senegal); Services de lnergie en
Milieu Sahlien (Senegal); Communication et
Multimdia (Senegal), Imedia (Senegal); Amader
(Mali); UEMOA (regional)
Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2008
Benets: Greater expertise of national
institutions; access to energy plays a bigger role
in decision-making on poverty alleviation
SIE-Afrique PhaseII
Appui la mise en place de systmes
dinformations nergtiques nationaux
Internet: http://www.sie.iepf.org/
Countries: Niger, Senegal, Togo
Coordinator: Agence Intergouvernementale de
la Francophonie (France)
Partners: ECONOTEC (Belgium); Organisation
Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie
(France); Ministre des Mines et de lEnergie
du Niger (Niger); Ministre de lEnergie et
des Mines du Sngal (Senegal); Ministre de
lEnergie et des Ressources Hydrauliques du
Togo (Togo)
Duration: 1.1.200530.6.2008
Benets: Coherent and structured energy
policies of which impacts can be assessed;
transparency of energy markets; dialogue
framework for energy stakeholders
SURE-Africa
Sustainable Urban Renewal: Energy Ecient
Building for Africa
Internet: http://www.sure-africa.org/
Countries: Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique
Coordinator: Instituto de Engenharia Mecnica
Polo IST (Portugal)
Partners: Lunds Universitet (Sweden); The
Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the
University of Cambridge (United Kingdom);
Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (Mozambique);
Universidade Agostinho Neto (Angola);
MINDELO Escola Internacional de Arte (Cape
Verde)
Duration: 1.1.200730.6.2009
Benets: Generation of documentary material
for teaching, practice and self-builders;
seminars and workshops
ANNEXES
69
70
TIE-ENERGIA
TreeSpa
Turning Information into Empowerment:

Strengthening Gender and Energy networking
In Africa
Internet: http://www.energia.org/leadmin/
les/media/pubs/tie_publication_lowres.pdf
Countries: Kenya, Senegal
Coordinator: ETC Foundation (Netherlands)
Partners: Eco Ltd (United Kingdom); ITDG-EA
(Kenya); ENDA-TM (Senegal)
Duration: 1.1.200530.6.2007
Benets: Training; human and institutional
capacity-building; equality; improved
livelihoods; poverty reduction
Tanzanian Renewable Energy and energy

Eciency project to Sustain Poverty Alleviation
Internet: http://www.treespa.eu/default.aspx
Country: Tanzania
Coordinator: F-Process AB (Sweden)
Partners: Danish Management A/S (Denmark);
Tanesco (Tanzania); SIDO (Tanzania); DataVision
(Tanzania)
Duration: 1.12.200630.11.2009
Benets: Aggregated purchasing of selected
electrical equipment and suitable energy service
agreements for rural business
European Commission
Coopener Sustainable energy services for poverty alleviation in developing countries
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2011 71 pp. 21 x 29.7 cm
ISBN 978-92-9202-093-4
doi:10.2826/26455
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

Free publications:
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EA-31-11-157-EN-C
COOPENER was the external component of the first Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme,
which funded projects aiming to promote policies, technologies and best practices in the fields of renewable energy and energy efficiency. In line with the EU Energy Initiative for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development, COOPENER projects addressed the role of sustainable energy for poverty alleviation in developing countries. COOPENER operated in three regions: sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America
and South-East Asia.
COOPENER was implemented through grants, which were awarded in response to open Calls for
Proposals on an annual basis. COOPENER projects began operating in early 2005 and the last project
finished in August 2010.
Following the completion of the last project, the EACI organised an assessment of a number of
COOPENER projects. Its aims were to identify the impacts of the projects, to extract key findings,
and to highlight lessons and best practices resulting from the implementation of these actions.
This report includes the key findings of the assessment; it can be used by public bodies, NGOs, and commercial organisations based in the EU as well as in the target countries. It also presents lessons learned,
which can be helpful to Commission services, Member States organisations and other organisations
working within similar activities and programmes, such as the ACP-EU Energy Facility.
ISBN 978-92-9202-093-4
LHJP
L_LJ\[P]LHNLUJ`
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
for competitiveness & innovation
doi:10.2826/26455

Assessment of The COOPENER Programme of The European Commission (2011)

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Assessment of The COOPENER Programme of The European Commission (2011)

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INTELLIGENT

Executive Agency for Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI)

for competitiveness & innovation

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Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................................5

COOPENER was the external component of the

projects began operating in early 2005 and the last

100 proposals in total were submitted to the

The first IEE programme ran from 2003 to 2006.

the submitted proposals had a cumulated

45 % of the submitted proposals were recommended for funding by the evaluation

36 projects were contracted, with activities

24 projects were carried out in sub-Saharan

the total budget of COOPENER projects

234 organisations took part in COOPENER

Some of the most important facts related to the

Following the completion of the last COOPENER

three external experts. The experts examined

made such information more easily accessible. In

2. Training and capacity-building

1. Improved access to data

Most of the projects reviewed have enhanced the

Despite limited monitoring and evaluation of

The main impacts and outputs from the COOPENER

COOPENER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

were found to have benefited from such COOPENER-funded actions, notably:

public authorities and institutions (local,

training and educational institutions (longlasting impacts of the intervention);

private sector, especially small businesses.

3. Innovative approaches and tools

4. Policy implementation and

in sustainable energy. Building on their training

5. Sustainability of project activities

methodologies, tools, and knowledge

duced and developed through the projects,

6. Synergies created by the projects

For example, in many cases representatives from

COOPENER projects have demonstrated

COOPENER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

the importance of planning for some kind of

COOPENER projects have highlighted the

some projects have demonstrated the added

identified and are presented in Chapter 6: for

Specific lessons for designers and managers

COOPENER was the external component of the

While the scope of the first IEE sub-programmes

Design: Claire Laargue Courtesy of the PROVEN project

The assessment enabled the identification of

The methodological approach used to carry out

improved access to data and information;

Box 1.1: Intelligent Energy Europe

COOPENER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2. Programme context and policy background

Policy context and background

2. PROGRAMME CONTEXT AND POLICY BACKGROUND

German Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The energy component of the

COOPENER SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERVICES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) and the

Initial objectives and scope

Member States in energy development cooperation responding to demand-led approaches from

the energy policy chain, from development to

pro-poor energy regulations, addressing