ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00

Issue Date: 15.01.06

Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Subject

: VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Level

: FOURTH

Branch

: AUTOMOBILE ENGG.

Course No: AE404

Course Title: VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Effective From:

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

Approved By:
(H.O.D AUTOMOBILE)
Date:

Issued By
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ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Index
Sr.
No.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.

Expt.
No.
01.

Title

Revision
No.
-

Table of Content
Revision Record Sheet
Controlled copy holder
General Instructions
List of Experiments

To calculate the coefficient of drag for given

models of vehicle using wind-tunnel.

No. Of
Pages
01
01
01

02

02.

Study of quarter car model (Maruti).

01

03.

Understanding the behavior of

sprung/lumped mass system unsprung mass
system.

02

04.

Understanding the effect of tyre inflation

pressure on tyre contact area

01

05.

Finding the stiffness of the wheel with

variation of air pressure

01

06.

To

02

study

the

Forced

vibrations

of

Equivalent Spring Mass System.

07.

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

03

To study the whirling speed of shaft.

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Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Revision Record Sheet

Sr.
No.
1.

Experiment No.

Name of Experiment

Date of
No. Of
Revision
Pages
09.06.07 02

01.

To calculate the coefficient of

drag for given models of vehicle
using wind-tunnel.

02.

Study of quarter car model

(Maruti).

09.06.07

01

03.

Understanding the behavior of

sprung/lumped mass system
unsprung mass system.

09.06.07

02

04.

Understanding the effect of tyre 09.06.07 01

inflation pressure on tyre contact
area

05.

Finding the stiffness of the wheel 09.06.07 01

with variation of air pressure

06.

To study the Forced vibrations of 09.06.07 02

Equivalent Spring Mass System.

07.

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

09.06.07

To study the whirling speed of

shaft.

Approved By:
(H.O.D AUTOMOBILE)
Date:

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03

ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.1
Objective: To calculate the coefficient of drag for given models of
vehicle using wind-tunnel.
Methodology:
1) Set up the vehicle model with known area in the wind tunnel and
make the wind tunnel ready.
2) Take the readings at different velocity.
3) Calculate the coefficient of drag and Reynolds number.
Reference:
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D Gillespie
Chapter 4 Road loads 79-122.
Observations
Model

S.no

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

Mano meter
reading

h1

h2

(cm)

(cm)

hw=h1-h2

Drag force

Lift force

(cm)

(kg)

(kg)

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Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Formulas used:
V= (2gha)
ha height of air column (m)
hw height of water column (difference) [m]

ha= hw . w /a
a density of air (1.16- 1.2 kg/m3)
w - density of water (1000 kg/m3)
Re= V L/
Re- Reynolds number
L - Overall length of vehicle. (m)
- Kinematic viscosity of air. (15x10-6 m2/s)
D= Cd A V2/2
Cd- non dimensional drag coefficient
D Aero dynamic drag (N)
A Projected frontal area of vehicle (m2)
- Density of ambient air (kg/m3)
Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

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Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

V Speed of vehicle/ air velocity (m/s)

Experiment No.2
Objective: Study of quarter car model (Maruti).
Methodology:
1) Understanding the tyre stiffness.
2) Understanding the fundamentals of damper.
3) Draw the quarter car model.
4) Formulate effective stiffness of model.
5) Formulate natural frequency and damped natural frequency.

Reference:
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D Gillespie
(Figure 5.22 page 160)

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

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Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.3
Objective: Understanding the behavior of sprung/lumped mass system
unsprung mass system.
Methodology:
1) Find the weight of spring and the weight to be hung at the bottom of
the spring
2) Apply the light force to the mass and leave it.
3) Measure the first 15/20 oscillations of the mass and record the time.
4) Repeat the readings till consistency of the readings is observed.
5) Change the spring to higher stiffness and repeat the experiment for
two different types of springs.
6) Change the spring to mass less (plastic) spring and repeat the
experiment.
7) Calculate theoretical periodic time, experimental periodic time and
natural frequency.
8) Make the sketch of experimental set up to the scale.
Reference:
1) Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D Gillespie (Page number
7 and Appendix A page 381, 417-440)
2) Mechanics of Road vehicles by W Steeds (Chapter 5 page 130-153).

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

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Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Observations:
Free length of spring (m): A)

B)

Mean diameter of spring (m):

Wire diameter

(m)

Observation table
Sr.no

Mass attached
M (kg)

Deflection of spring
(m)
A
B

Time require for N oscillations

K=mg/
N/m
A
B

Periodic time Texp= t/N

(t) sec
A

Prepared By:
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Date:09.06.07

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Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.4
Objective:

Understanding the effect of tyre inflation pressure on tyre

contact area
Methodology
1) Bring the air pressure of the loose wheel to 15 PSI
2) Apply blue ink to front tyre tread to a patch of 200 mm.
3) Slowly put the tyre on the white paper / graph paper and take the mark
of the tread.
4) Repeat the procedure to the rear tyre
5) Calculate the area of the contact of the trade mark.
6) Repeat the experiment at different inflation pressure.
7) Plot the graph showing the relationship of tyre contact area to
pressure.
Reference:
Mechanism of Motor vehicle By A.W Judge.

Prepared By:
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Date:09.06.07

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Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.5
Objective:

Finding the stiffness of the wheel with variation of air

pressure
Methodology
1) Bring the tyre pressure of all the wheels of the car (static load) to 15
PSI.
2) Check the deflection of the tyre by recording the center of the wheel
distance from the ground level.
3) Inflate the tyre with different pressure and find the deflection from the
ground level.
4) Calculate the deflection of tyre for the constant load of the car.
5) Plot deflection versus pressure on the graph.
Reference:
Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics by Thomas D Gillespie
(Refer figure 5.5)

Prepared By:
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Date:09.06.07

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Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.6
Objective:

To study the Forced vibrations of Equivalent Spring Mass

System.
Methodology :
1.

Start the motor and allow the system to vibrate.

2.

Wait for 1 to 2 minutes for the amplitude to build the particular

forcing frequency.

3.

Adjust the position of strip chart recorder. Take the record of

amplitude Vs time on strip chart by starting recording motor. Press the
recorder platform on the pen gently. Avoid excessive pressure to get good
record.

4.

Take record by changing forcing frequencies.

5.

Repeat the experiment for different damping. Damping can be

changed by adjusting-the holes on the piston of the damper.

6.

Plot the graph of amplitude Vs frequency for each damping

conditions.

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

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Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

OBSERVATION TABLE
Set 1 (with little damping)
Forcing frequency (CPS)

Amplitude (mm)

Prepare similar observation tables for various damping conditions.

Graph:
Plot the graph of amplitude V/s frequency for each setting.
Typical graph is shown in fig

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

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ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

Approved By:
(H.O.D AUTOMOBILE)
Date:

Issued By
Date:

ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

Approved By:
(H.O.D AUTOMOBILE)
Date:

Issued By
Date:

ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Prepared By:
N.J.Parmar
Date:09.06.07

Approved By:
(H.O.D AUTOMOBILE)
Date:

Issued By
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ADIT/AE/LM/AE404/00
Issue Date: 15.01.06
Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No.7
Objective: To study the whirling speed of shaft.
Precautions:
(1) If the revolutions of an unloaded shaft are gradually increased, it will
be found that at a certain speed, violent instability will occur, the shaft
deflecting into single bow and whirling like a skipping rope. If this
speed is maintained, the deflection will become so large that the shaft
will become so large that the shaft will be fractured, but if this speed
is quickly run through, the shaft will become straight again and run
true until another higher speed, the same phenomena will occur, the
deflection now however being in a double bow and so on.
(2) It is advisable to increase the speed of the shaft and through the
critical speed first.
(3) Fix the apparatus firmly on the suitable foundation.
(4) Apparatus must be having guards.
Methodology:
(1) Read the precautions carefully.
(2) Arrange the setup as shown in the figure.(given in separate sheet)
(3) Fix up the end conditions of the given shaft.
(4) Start the DC motor and increase the speed by using dimmer state as
required.
(5) Measure the speed of the motor by tachometer at required node
conditions.
(6) Repeat the procedure for different node points.

Prepared By:
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Date:09.06.07

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Revision Date: 09.06.07

Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

OBESERVATIONS:
Length of the shaft L (m):
Diameter of the shaft D (m):
Mass of the shaft m (kg):

The various values of K are given below:

END CONDITIONS

1ST
MODE

2ND
MODE

SUPPORTED-SUPPORTED
FIXED- SUPPORTED
FIXED-FIXED

Prepared By:
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Vehicle Dynamics
________________________________________________________________________

OBSERVATION TABLE:
SR NO END CONDITIONS
SPEED(RPM) MODE
1.
BOTH ENDS SUPPORTED
2.
BOTH ENDS FIXED

Formula used:
F = K EI /ml4
Where

K - End condition factor

E - Modulus of elasticity (N/m2)
I - Second moment of area (m4)
M - Mass of the system (kg)
F - Frequency of the system (Hz)

Prepared By:
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Date:09.06.07

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