10.kom Guide Book Mvreddy

10.
KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY (KOM)

10.1. SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
MECHANISMS : Elements or Links Classification - Rigid Link, flexible and fluid link Types of kinematics pairs - Types of Constrained motion - Kinematic chain - Mechanism
Machine Structure - Inversions of mechanism - Inversions of quadric cycle chains, single and
double slider crank chains, Mechanical advantage Grublers Criterion.
UNIT-II
KINEMATICS : Velocity and acceleration - Motion of link in machine -Determination of Velocity
and acceleration - Graphical method - Application of relative velocity method.
Plane motion of body : Instantaneous center of rotation - Centrods and axodes - Three centers in
line theorem - Graphical determination of Instantaneous centre, determination of angular velocity
of points and links by Instantaneous centre method.
Kleins construction, Coriolis acceleration - determination of Coriolis component of acceleration,
Diagrams for simple mechanisms and determination of angular velocity of points and links.
Analysis of Mechanisms : Analysis of slider crank chain for displacement, velocity and
acceleration of slider - Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism.
UNIT-III
STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS: Exact and approximate copied and generated
types Peaucellier - Hart - Scott Russul - Grasshopper Watt - Tchebicheffs and Robert
Mechanism Pantographs.
Steering Gears:Conditions for correct steering - Davis Steering gear, Ackermans steering gear
Hooke's Joint: Single and Double Hooke's joint Velocity ratio Application Problems.
UNIT-IV
CAMS: Definitions of cam and followers - their uses - Types of followers and cams
Terminology Types of follower motion - Uniform velocity, Simple harmonic motion and
uniform acceleration and retardation. - Maximum velocity and maximum acceleration during
outward return strokes in the above 3 cases.
Analysis of Motion of Followers: Tangent cam with Roller follower Circular cam with
straight, concave and convex flanks.
UNIT-V
HIGHER PAIR: Friction wheels and toothed gears types - Law of gearing - condition for
constant velocity ratio for transmission of motion velocity of sliding,
Form of teeth, cycloidal and involutes profiles - Phenomena of interferences - Methods of
interference,Additional topics: Center distance for a pair of spiral gears , Condition for minimum
number of teeth to avoid interference - expressions for arc of contact and path of Contact of
pinion & Gear and pinion & Rack arrangements - Introduction to Helical - Bevel and worm
MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043
Page 1
gearing.
GEAR TRAINS: Introduction Types Simple compound and reverted gear trains Epicyclic gear Train. Methods of finding train value or velocity ratio of Epicyclic gear trains.
Selection of gear box - Differential gear for an automobile.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms / Joseph E Shigley / OXFORD / 3rd Edition
2. Theory of Machines / Thomas Bevan / Pearson / 3rd Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines / Jagadish Lal / Metropolitan Book Company
2. Theory of Machines / S S Rattan / Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishers
3. Kinematics & Dynamics of Machinery / Norton / TMH
4. Theory of Machines / Sadhu Singh / Pearson
5. Mechanism and Machine Theory / J S Rao and R V Dukkipati / New Age
6. Theory of Machines / R K Bansal / Lakshmi Publications
10.2. UNIT WISE PLANNER

Unit No.
Total no of Lectures
10
II
III
13
IV
VI
VII
VIII

Page 2
10.3. SESSION PLANNER

S.
No
Unit
Class
Topic
L5
Introduction of the subject & study of the motion

the various parts without force acting on it
MECHANISMS : Introduction,
Elements or Links , Classification, Rigid Link,
flexible and fluid link
Types of kinematics pairs - sliding, turning,
rolling, screw and spherical pairs
Types of closed & open pairs, Constrained
motion - completely, partially or successfully
constrained and incompletely constrained .
MACHINES , Mechanism and machines,
L6
Classification of machines - kinematics chain
L7
Inversion of mechanisms
L8
inversions of quadric cycle,
L9
single and double slider crank chains, problems
L10
Additional topics: Application of Kutz Bach

criterion to plane mechanisms
L11
STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS:

Introduction
L1
L2
L3
L4
UNIT-1
10
11
12
L12
13
L13
14
UNIT-2
L14
15
L15
16
L16
17
L17
18
L18
19
L19
Text /
Ref.
book
Exact and approximate copiers and generated types

Peaucellier, Hart and Scott Russul Mechanisms
Grasshopper Watt, Tchebicheffs and Roberts
Mechanisms
Straight line motion, Pantograph
Additional topics: Straight line motions for
Engine Indicators
KINEMATICS : Introduction
Velocity and acceleration - Motion of link in
machine -Determination of Velocity diagrams
acceleration diagrams Graphical method

Page 3
Date
Remar
ks
20
L20
21
L21
22
L22
23
L23
24
L24
25
L25
26
27
L26
UNIT-3
28
L27
L28
29
L29
Graphical method: Problems

Application of relative velocity method four bar
chain.
Analysis of Mechanisms : Analysis of slider
crank chain for displacement velocity and
acceleration of
velocity and acceleration of slider
Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism,
Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism,
Kleins construction, Coriolis acceleration,
determination of Coriolis component of
acceleration
Plane motion of body : Instantaneous center of
rotation
Centroids and two bodies, Three centers in line
theorem
Graphical determination of instantaneous centre
Diagrams for simple mechanisms and
determination of angular velocity of points and
links.
30
L30
STEERING GEARS: Introduction
31
L31
Conditions for correct steering
32
L32
33
L33
34
L34
Davis Steering gear, Ackermans steering,

Velocity Ratio
Additional topics: Ratio of shaft velocities, Max.
& Min. speeds.
HOOKE'S JOINT Single Hooke's joint
L35
Double Hooke's joint - Universal coupling .
36
L36
Condition for equal speeds, Max. fluctuation of

speed.
37
L37
38
L38
35
UNIT-4
39
40
L39
UNIT-5
L40
41
L41
42
L42
CAMS: Definitions of cam and followers &

their uses
Types of followers and cams, Uniform velocity
Simple harmonic motion and uniform
acceleration
Maximum velocity and maximum acceleration
during outward return strokes in the above 3
cases.
Drawing a cam profiles
Analysis of motion of followers Roller
follower Circular cam with straight, concave and

Page 4
43
L43
44
L44
45
L45
46
L46
47
L47
48
UNIT-6
L48
49
L49
50
L50
51
L51
52
53
convex flanks.
Cams with specified contours Cams with cycloidal
motion
HIGHER PAIRS: Friction wheels and toothed
gears types
Law of gearing, condition for constant velocity
ratio for transmission of motion, Form of teeth:
cycloidal and involutes profiles.
Phenomena of interferences - Methods of
interference
Additional topics: Center distance for a pair of
spiral gears , Efficiency of spiral gears
Condition for minimum number of teeth to
avoid interference, expressions for arc of
contact and path of Contact
Introduction to Helical, Bevel and worm
gearing.
L52
UNIT-7
L53
54
L54
55
L53
GEAR TRAINS: Introduction - Train value
56
L56
Types - Simple and reverted wheel train
57
L57
58
L58
Epicyclic gear Train. Methods of finding train

value or velocity ratio
Selection of gear box-
L59
Differential gear for an automobile.
60
L60
Torque in Epicyclic gear trains
61
L61
59
UNIT-8
62
L62
10.4. QUESTION BANK

10.4.1.1.SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Page 5
1. (a) What is a Kinematic pair? Explain different types of Kinematic pairs as classified by
relative motion.
(b) The distance between the axes of two parallel shafts is 1cm. The shafts are connected by
Oldham coupling. Find the maximum Kinetic energy of the intermediate piece of mass 5 kg when
the shafts revolve at 300 rpm.
2. (a) Name the two inversions obtained by fixing the crank of a single slider crank chain.
Describe them with neat sketches.
(b) In a Whitworth quick return motion mechanism, as shown in figure. lengths of driving
crank AC =90mm, the distance between fixed centers CD=60mm, the length of slotted lever, AP
is 180mm and the length of the connecting rod PR is 162mm. Find the ratio of the time of cutting
stroke to that of return stroke and also the length of effective stroke.
3. (a) Differentiate between

i). Element and kinematic Link
ii). Mechanism and machine
iii). Closed pair and unclosed pair
iv). Lower pair and Higher pair.
(b) In a Whitworth quick return motion mechanism, the length of the driving link is 75 mm
while the distance between the fixed centers is 50 mm. Find the ratio of the time of cutting stroke
to that of return stroke.
4.
Two shafts have their axes parallel and 2.5 cm apart. One of the shafts
drives the other through an Oldham coupling. Sketch the arrangement
and prove that the angular velocity ratio is unity. If the speed of the shaft
is 100 rpm, what is the maximum velocity of sliding in cm per minute of
the intermediate disc on either of the side discs?
5.
(a) Define: Kinematic link and Kinematic chain.

(b) Describe various inversions of a slider crank mechanism giving
examples.
6. (a) State the six types of lower pairs, explain with the help of neat sketches.
(b) State Grashof's law and discuss all the possible inversions of four bar
chain with neat sketches. Give one application of each inversion
7. (a) What is the difference between lower pair and higher pair? Give examples for each type.
(b) Describe the three inversions of Double slider crank chain with neat sketches.
8. (a) What is higher pair? How gears are classified?
Page 6
(b) Two gears in mesh have a module of 10 mm and a pressure angle of 25o. The pinion has
20 teeth and the gear has 52. The addendum on both the gears is equal to one module.
Determine
i). The number of pairs of teeth in contact.
ii). The angles of action of the pinion and the wheel.
iii). The ratio of the sliding velocity to the rolling velocity at the pitch point and at the
beginning and end of engagement.
9. (a) Distinguish between closed and unclosed type kinematic pairs. Give examples for each type
(b) Explain completely, successfully and incompletely constrained motions of kinematics
pairs with examples.
10. (a) Two parallel shafts, with the distance between their axes being 20mm, are connected by an
Oldham coupling. If the speed of the shafts is 400rpm, find the maximum speed of sliding of
each tongue of the intermediate piece along its groove.
(b) Find the distance between the fixed centers of a whit worth quick return motion
mechanism if the length of driving link is 35mm, return stroke is 125 mm and time ratio
of cutting to return stroke is 1.75.
10.4.1.2.OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE
1.
In a kinematic chain, a ternary joint is equivalent of
[ B ]
(A) One binary joint (B) Two binary joint (C) Four binary joint (D) Three
binary joint
2. In a kinematic pair, if the elements have line contact or point contact
when
in
motion,
the
pair
is
called
[ A ]
(A) Higher pair (B) Lower pair (C) Closed pair (D) Unclosed pair
3.
Type
writer
[ B ]
(A) An inversion (B) A mechanism (C) A machine (D) None of these
4.
A
ball
and
socket
[ D ]
(A) Turing pair (B) rolling pair (C) sliding pair (D) spherical
joint
constitutes
forms
5. The relation between the number of pairs (p) forming a kinematic chain and the number
of links (l) is
[ C ]
(A) l=2p-2 (B) l=2p-3 (C) l=2p-4
(D) l=2p-5
6.
The
lead
screw
of
a
lathe
with
nut
[ C ]
(A) sliding pair (B) rolling pair (C) screw pair (D) turning pair
forms
7.
In
a
pantograph
,
all
the
pairs
[ A ]
(A) Turning pairs (B) sliding pairs (C) spherical pair (D) self closed pair
Page 7
are
8. The motion of a piston in the cylinder of a steam engine is an example of

[ A ]
(A) Completely constrained motion
(B) incompletely constrained motion
(C) Successfully constrained motion
(D) none of these.
9.
In a kinematic chain, a quaternary joint is equivalent to
[ C ]
(A) One binary joint (B) two binary joints (C) Three binary joints (D) four
binary joints
10. The Grublers criterion for determining the degrees of freedom (n) of a
mechanism having
plane
motion
is
[ C ]
(A) n = (l 1) j (B) n = 2 (l 1) 2j (C) n = 3 (l 1) 2j (D) n = 4 (l 1) 3j
Where l = Number of links, and j = Number of binary joints
11. In a kinematic chain with four lower pairs, if one is sliding pairs and three
turning pairs the mechanism classified into [ C]
(A) Crossed Slider crank chain (B) four bar chain
(C) Slider crank chain (D) double Slider crank chain
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The kinematic chain having Nlinks will have N inversions
2. Mid point of a floating link of Elliptical Trammel traces __Circle__
3. Withworth quick return mechanism is obtained by inversion of Slider crank
Mechanism
4. In a kinematic pair, if the elements have surface contact when in motion, the pair is called_lower
pair
5. Pendulum pump is an inversion of double slider crank chain
6. Oldhams coupling and elliptic trammels are the inversion of Double slider crank chain
7. A mechanism consisting of four links is called a simple mechanism
8. A kinematic chain is known as a mechanism when one of the links is fixed
9. The cam and follower without a spring forms a self closed pair
10. The lower pair are self closed Pair.
11. If the number of links in mechanism are equal to L, then the number of
possible Inversions
are equal to L
10.4.1.3.ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
1. (a) What are resistant bodies? Is it necessary that the resistant bodies be rigid? Give `reasons
for your answer.
(b) Describe elliptical trammels. How does it enable you to describe a true
ellipse?
2. (a) State different methods of classifying pairs and state the salient features
of each method of classification.
(b) What is the difference between quick return motion of crank and slotted
lever type and that of Whitworth type? What is the ratio of time taken on
cutting and return strokes?
Page 8
3.
What is meant by inversion of a mechanism? Describe with the help of

suitable sketches the inversion of
i) Slider crank chain and
ii) double slider chain.
What are the different forms of quadric cycle chain?
4. (a) The simplex engine indicator as shown in figure is used to obtain the
indicator diagram. The tracing point E is located at a distance of 130
mm from the fixed point O. The indicator diagram should be magnified
by four times the displacement of the piston. Design the pantograph to be
used in the indicator
(b) A circle with AD as diameter has a point B on its circumference. On AB produced, there
is a point C such that if B turns about A, the product AB AC is constant. Prove that the
point moves in a straight line perpendicular to AD produced.
5.
In the figure shown OA and AC are the crank and connecting rod respectively. B is a point
lying on the extension of AC. Find the length of the crank in order that the point B traverses
approximately along a straight line when the connecting rod rotates from angle 1 to angle 2.
10.4.1.4.TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. In a crank and slotted lever quick return mechanism, the distance between the fixed
centres is 150 mm and the driving crank is 75 mm long. Determine the ratio of the time
taken on the cutting and return strokes.
2.
In a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance between
the fixed centres O and C is 200mm. The driving crank CP is 75mm long. The pin Q on
the slotted lever, 360mm from the fulcrum O, is connected by a link QR 100mm long,
to a pin R on the ram. The line of stroke of R is perpendicular to OC and intersects OC
produced at a point 150mm from C. Determine the ratio of times taken on the cutting
and return strokes.
3.
The distance between two parallel shafts is 15mm and they are connected by an
Oldham's coupling. The driving shaft revolves at 150 r.p.m. What will be the maximum
Page 9
speed of sliding of the tongue of the intermediate piece along its groove ?
4. The Whitworth quick return motion mechanism has the driving crank 150mm long.
The distance between fixed centres is 100mm. The line of stroke of the ram passes
through the centre of rotation of the slotted lever whose free end is connected to the
ram by a connecting link. Find the ratio of time of cutting to time of return.
5. In a crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism, the distance between
the fixed centres, is 240 mm and the length of the driving crank is 120mm. Find the
inclination of the slotted bar with the vertical in the extreme position and the time ratio
of cutting stroke to the return stroke.
10.4.1.5. NPTEL LINK
http://mlriteresource/index.php/nptel/videos/mechanical-engineering/category/1651-kinematics-ofmachines
1.
Show that for Tchebicheff's straight-line motion shown in figure. the point P that bisects the
link BC will lie in a straight line parallel to AD. When it is directly above the midpoint of
AD, if the proportions of the links are BC: AD: AB = 1:2:2.5.
2.
In grasshopper straight-line motion mechanism figure the point `P' traces an approximate
vertical straight-line motion as the crank OA rotates. The lengths of the links PQ
=24cm,
vertical link O1Q=24cm and QA= 6cm. Determine the length of the crank OA. Also find the
maximum deviation of P from the vertical straight line in a travel of 6cm on each side if its
mean position.

Page 10
3.
In the figure shown OA and AC are the crank and connecting rod respectively. B is a point
lying on the extension of AC. Find the length of the crank in order that the point B traverses
approximately along a straight line when the connecting rod rotates from angle 1 to angle 2.
4. Prove that the tracing point, giving the horizontal straight-line motion in Tchebicheff's
mechanism, lies at the mid point of the coupler.
5. (a) Prove that the tracing point, giving the horizontal straight line motion in
Tchebicheff mechanism, lies at the mid point of the coupler.
(b) Prove that a point on one of links of a Hart mechanism traces a straight line on the movement
of its links?
6. (a) Under what conditions Scott-Russel mechanism traces out a straight
line and an ellipse? State the limitations of Scott-Russel mechanism.
(b) Sketch a pantograph, explain its working and show that it can be used to reproduce to an
enlarged scale a given figure.
7.
A circle has OR as its diameter and a point Q lies on its circumference.

Another point P lies on the line OQ produced. If OQ turns about O as
centre and the product OQ x OP remains constant, show that the point P
moves along a straight line perpendicular to the diameter OR.
8.
(a) Sketch a Paucellier mechanism. Show that it can be used to trace a

straight line.
(b) How can you show that a Watt mechanism traces an approximate straight
line?
9. A torque of 85 N-m is applied to the link OA at A of a Gross-Hopper mechanism shown in

Page 11
figure. The link OA makes an angle of 18 degrees with the horizontal. Find the magnitude of the
vertical force exerted at B to overcome the resisting torque of 85 N-m. The lengths of the links
are: OA=30 mm, AC= 50 mm and CB= 130 mm. If the link OA makes an angle of 10 and zero
degrees with the horizontal, what will be the vertical force at B to overcome the torque of 85
Nm?
10.
In the grasshopper mechanism shown in figure, if AQ2 =AP.OA, determine the vertical force
at P necessary to resist a Torque T applied to the crank OA.
1. An exact straight line motion mechanism is a.... [ D]
(A) Scott Russels mechanism (A) Harts mechanism
(C) peaucelliers mechanism (D) All of these
2.
Which of the following mechanism is made up of turning pair? [D]

(A)Scott Russels mechanism (B) peaucelliers mechanism
(C) Harts mechanism (D) b &c
3.
Which of the following mechanism is exactly straight line motion mechanism [ A]

(A)Peaucellier Mechanism (B)Robert Mechanism
(C)Tchebicheffs Mechanism (D) Watts Mechanism
4. Scott-Russel Mechanism consists of [ A]

(A) Sliding & Turning pairs (B) Sliding & Rotary pairs
Page 12
(C) Turning & Rotary pairs (D) Sliding only

5.
Which of the following mechanism is generated straight line motion

mechanism [ C] (A)Peaucellier Mechanism (B)Scott- Russel Mechanism
(C) Robert Mechanism (D) Watts Mechanism
FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. A Peaucellier mechanism consist of 08 (Eight) number of links
2. Grass hopper mechanism can be obtained by replacingslidingpair of
modified scott russel mechanism by turningpair
3. Hart mechanism has 6links
4. The motion which permits only relative motion of an oscillatory nature along a
straight
line
is called straight line mechanism
5. The two types of mechanisms are in which only turning pairs are used and in
which one sliding pair is used
6. The number of links required for the Peauciller mechanism is 8
7. The number of links required for the Hart's mechanism is 6
8. The disadvantage of Hart's mechanism is large amount of space is taken
9. The applications of straight line motions are mostly found in engine
indicators
10. The modified form of the pantograph copying mechanism is cross-by indicator
11. The one which is closely resembles to the pantograph copying mechanism is
simplex indicator
12. Roberts's mechanism is a four bar chain mechanism, which in its mean
position has the
form of a trapezium.
13. Tchebicheff s mechanism is a four bar mechanism in which the crossed
links are of equal length.
14. Grasshopper mechanism is a modification of modified Scott-Russel's
mechanism
1.
2.
What are straight line mechanisms? Describe one type of exact straight line motion mechanism
Describe the Watt's parallel mechanism for straight line motion and derive the condition under
which the straight line is traced.
3. Sketch an intermittent motion mechanism and explain its practical applications.
1.
(a) Describe the Watt's parallel mechanism for straight line motion and
derive the condition
under what the straight line is traced.
(b) Sketch a pantograph and explain its working principle.
2. (a) Explain the principle of exact straight line motion
(b) Prove that Peaucellier's mechanism satisfies the conditions for straight
line motion.
3. (a) Show that for the scotch yoke mechanism shown in figure uniform rotation of the crank
`b'
will produce simple harmonic motion of the slider `d'.
Page 13
(b) Name the inversion obtained by fixing link `b' of the scotch yoke mechanism shown in figure.
Describe the inversion with neat sketch.
4.
The distance between the fixed centres O and Ol of a Watt's straight line motion, is
250mm. The lengths of the three moving links OB,BA and AO1 are 150mm, 75mm and
100mm respectively. Find the position of a point P and BA which gives the best straight line
motion.
5. What is scott-Russel mechanism? What is its limitation? How is it modified?

1. Figure shows a mechanism in which OA =300 mm, AB = 600 mm, AC =BD = 1.2 m. OD
horizontal for the given configuration. If OA rotates at 200 rpm in the clockwise direction find:
(a) the linear velocities of C and D, and
(b) the angular velocities of links AC and BD.
is
2. A crank and rocker mechanism ABCD has the following dimensions: AB =0.75m, BC= 1.25
m, CD =1 m, AD =1.5 m and CF = 500 mm. AD is the fixed link. F lies on BC produced.
Crank
2
AB has an angular velocity of 30 rad/s counter clock-wise and deceleration of 200 rad/s at the
instant angle DAB= 30o. Find
(a) The instantaneous linear acceleration of C and F and
(b) The instantaneous angular velocities and accelerations of links BC and CD.
3. (a) Explain what is meant by coriolis Acceleration?
(b) In the mechanism shown in Figure 1 the crank OA makes 200rpm in the counter
clockwise direction. Find
i). angular velocity of link BA and
ii). Velocity of the slider at B. OA=60mm, BC=300mm and OB= 220mm.
Page 14
4. A shaper mechanism is shown in Figure 4. The crank OA rotates at uniform speed of 20 rpm
clockwise. The guide block A slides along the slotted lever AD that has its fulcrum at
`C'.
The
connecting rod BD connects the tool head B to AD. The tool head is constrained to move along BC
perpendicular to OC. Find the velocity and acceleration of `B'. OA= 200 mm; OC=400 mm;
CD=200 mm; BD=500mm and angle AOC= 120o.
5. (a) State and prove the Kennedys theorem as applicable to instantaneous

centres of rotation of three bodies. How is it helpful in locating various
instantaneous centres of a mechanism?
(b) In a four bar chain ABCD, AD is the fixed link 12 cm long, crank AB is 3 cm long and
rotates uniformly at 100 r.p.m. clockwise while the link CD is 6 cm long and oscillates about D.
Link BC is equal to link AD. Find the angular velocity of link DC when angle BAD is 60o.
7. In a Whitworth quick return motion, a crank AB rotates about the fixed centre A. The end B
operates a slider reciprocating in a slotted link, rotating about a fixed centre D, 5 cm vertically
above A. The crank AB which is 10 cm long, rotates in a clockwise direction at a speed of 100
r.p.m. Find the angular acceleration of the slotted link for the configuration in which AB has turned
through an angle of 45 degrees past its lowest position.
8.
Refer to Figure.The following dimensions are given.

O2A = 4cm, AB = 7cm,
AO2B = 45o, 2 = 25 rad/s cw.
Determine the angular velocity of the connecting rod and velocity of piston. Also, determine
the
velocity of the center of gravity of the connecting rod which is at a distance of 3 cm from the crank
pin A. Use the Instantaneous center method.

Page 15
9.
Prove Kleins construction for determining the acceleration of a slider in a

slider-crank mechanism. Hence show that the acceleration of the piston of
an engine at inner and outer dead centre positions is given by
fp = 2r
and fp = 2r
respectively
where fp = acceleration of piston,

= angular velocity of crank,
r = crank radius,
L = length of connecting rod,
and n =
10.
In the mechanism shown in Figure. The crank OA rotates at 50 rpm and the lengths of the
links are OA= 125 mm, AC= 600 mm, QC= 150 mm, QD= 150 mm, CD= 130 mm, BD=
550 mm and OQ= 625 mm. When the angle AOQ= 45 degrees, determine,
(a) The linear acceleration of the slider at B.
(b) The angular acceleration of the links AC, CQD and BD.

Page 16
1. The total number of instantaneous centers for a mechanism consisting of n

links are [D ]
(A) n/2 (B) n (C)(n-1)/2 (D) n(n-1)/2
2.
The instantaneous centers which vary with the configuration of the

mechanism are Called [C ]
(A) Permanent instantaneous centers (B) fixed instantaneous centers
(C) Neither fixed nor permanent instantaneous centers (D) none of these
3. Coriolis components is encountered in [A ]

(a)Quick return mechanism of shaper (b) four bar chain mechanism
(c) Slider crank mechanism (d) all of the above
4. The coriolis component of acceleration is taken into account for [ C]
(A)Slider crank mechanism (B) Four bar mechanism
(C)Quick return motion mechanism (D) None of these
5.
The component of acceleration, parallel to the velocity of the particle at

the given Instant is called [ B]
A) Radial component (B) tangential component
B)Coriolis component (D) None of the above
6. The magnitude of linear velocity of a point Q on link PQ relative to point P is

[ B]
(A) .PQ (B) .(PQ)2 (C) 2.PQ (D) (.PQ)2
1.
The links moves in opposite direction the rubbing velocity at a pin joint is
given by r(1+2) relation . consider 1 is angular velocity of link 1, 2 is
angular velocity of link 2 and r is the radius of the pin
2.
The absolute acceleration (total acceleration) of a point is a sum of
Radial acceleration and Tangential acceleration.
3.
The direction of the coriolis component is obtained by rotating linear velocity through 90oin
the direction of rotation of the link .
4.
The Velocity in a mechanism is determined by Instantaneous center
and Relative velocity methods.
5. The total number of instantaneous centres for mechanism of n links is n(n1)/2
6. Kleins construction gives a graphical construction for Acceleration Polygon
7.
The component of acceleration ,parallel to the velocity of the particle,at
the given instant is called _____________ component
8.
According to Kennedys theorem,if three bodies move relatively to each
other,their instantaneous centres will lie on a _____________.
1.
In a Whitworth quick return motion mechanism, the dimensions of various links are as
followsOQ=100mm, OA=200mm,BQ=150mm and BP=500mm. If the crank OA turns at
120r.p.m in a clockwise direction and makes an angle of 120 with OQ, find:
(a) Velocity of the block P, and
(b) Angular velocity of the slotted link BQ.
Page 17
2. Describe the method to find the velocity of a point on a link whose direction is known and
the velocity of some other point on the same link in magnitude and direction is given.
3. Explain how the velocities of a slider and the connecting rod are obtained in a slider crank
mechanism.
4.
Define rubbing velocity at a pin point. What will be the rubbing velocity at pin joint whenthe two
links move in the same and opposite direction?
5.
What is the difference between ideal mechanical advantage and actual mechanical
advantage?
1. (a) Discuss the three types of instantaneous centres for a mechanism
(b) The mechanism of a wrapping machine as shown below has the
following dimensions: O1A is 100 mm, AC is 700 mm, BC is 200 mm, O 3C is 200
mm, O2E is 400 mm, O2D is 200mm and BD is 150 mm. The crank O1A rotates
at a uniform speed of 100 rad/sec. Find the velocity of the point E of the bell
crank lever by instantaneous centre method.
2. (a) State and Explain Kennedy's theorem as applicable to instantaneous center of rotation of
three bodies.
(b) In the mechanism shown in Figure. the crank OA makes 400 r.p.m in the counter
clockwise direction. Find
i). angular velocity of the link BA and
ii). velocity of the slider at A. The lengths of the links are OA= 60mm, OB= 220 mm and
BC= 300mm.
3.
A Four bar mechanism has the following dimensions: AB = 300 mm, BC =
CD = 600 mm: AD = 700 mm. The link AD is fixed and the angle BAD is 45 o.
The driving link AB rotates uniformly at a speed of 500 r.p.m clockwise. Find
the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the output link CD.
4.
A crank and rocker mechanism ABCD has the following dimensions: AB =0.75 m, BC =1.25
m, CD =1 m, AD =1.5 m and CF = 500 mm. AD is the fixed link. F lies on BC produced.
Crank AB has an angular velocity of 30 rad/s counter clock-wise and a deceleration of 200
rad/s2 at the instant angle DAB= 300. Find
(a) The instantaneous linear acceleration of C and F and
Page 18
5.
(b) The instantaneous angular velocities and accelerations of links BC and CD.
Figure shows the quick-return mechanism of the Slotted lever type, the various dimensions of
which are, OA= 400 mm, OP= 200mm, AR= 600mm, RS= 300 mm.For the configuration when
the angle AOP=120o, determine the acceleration of the cutting Tool at S and the angular
acceleration of the link RS. The crank OP rotates at 210 rpm.

1. (a) Explain Davis steering gear with a neat sketch.
(b) For a Davis steering gear, derive the expression for the angle of inclination of the track
arms to longitudinal axis of the vehicle in terms of the distance between the pivots of the
front axle and wheelbase.
(c) In a Davis steering gear the distance between the pivots of the front axle is 90 cm and the
wheelbase is 220 cm. When the vehicle is moving along a straight path, find the inclination
of the track arms to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
2. The distance between the pivots of the front stub axles of a car is 130 cm, the length of track rod
is 120 cm, the wheel track is 145 cm and the wheelbase is 280cm. What should be the length of
track arm if the Ackermann steering gear is to be given a correct steering, when rounding a corner
of 6-meter radius?
3. (a) What condition must be satisfied by the steering gear of a car in order that the wheels may
have a pure rolling motion when rounding a curve? Deduce the relationship between the inclinations
of the front stub axles to the rear axle, the distance between the pivot centers for the front axles and
the wheelbase of the car.
(b) What is a Hooke's joint? Show that for a Hooke's joint tan = cos tan , where and
are the angles turned by the driving and driven shafts at any instant and is the angle of inclination
of driven shaft with driving shaft.
4. (a) For an Ackermann steering gear, derive the expression for the angle of inclination of the
track arms to longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(b) A Hooke's joint connects two shafts whose axes intersect at 1500. The driving shaft rotates
uniformly at 120rpm. The driven shaft operates against a steady torque of 150 Nm
Page 19
and carries a flywheel whose mass is 45 Kg and radius of gyration 150mm. Find the
maximum torque which will be exerted by the driving shaft.
5. (a) An Ackermann steering gear does not satisfy the fundamental equation of
steering gear at all positions. Yet it is widely used. Why?
(b) Two shafts are to be connected by a Hookes joint. The driving shaft rotates at a uniform
speed of 500 rpm and the speed of the driven shaft must lie between 475 and 525 rpm. Determine
the maximum permissible angle between the shafts.
6. (a) What conditions must be satisfied by the steering mechanism of a car in
order that the wheels may have a pure rolling motion when rounding a
curve? Deduce the relationship connecting the inclinations of the front
stub axles to the rear axle, the distance between the pivot centres for the
front axles and wheel base of the car.
(b) Give salient features of the speed of driven shaft of a Hookes joint by drawing a polar
diagram.
7.
(a) Derive an expression for the ratio of angular velocities of the shafts of a
Hookes joint.
(b) Using Davis steering gear, find the inclination of the track arms to the longitudinal axis of
the car if the length of car between axles is 2.3 m, and the steering pivots are 1.3 m apart. The car is
moving in a straight path.
8.
(a) What is the condition for correct steering? Sketch and show the two main types of
steering gears and discuss their relative advantages.
(b) A double universal joint is used to connect two shafts in the same plane. The
intermediate shaft is inclined at an angle of 20 o to the driving shaft as well as the driven
shaft. Find the maximum and minimum speed of the intermediate shaft and the driven shaft if
the driving shaft has a constant speed of 500 rpm
9. (a) Derive the condition for correct steering. If the correct steering condition
is not satisfied, then what happens?
(b) In a Hooke's joint the driving shaft rotates uniformly and the total
variation in the speed of the driven shaft is not to exceed 10 % of the mean
speed. What is the greatest possible inclination of the centre lines of the shaft.
10. (a) What is the condition for the correct steering? Sketch the two main types of steering gears
and discuss their relative advantages.
(b) A Hooke's joint connects two shafts, which are having 150 degrees as the included angle.
The driving shaft rotates uniformly at 1200 rpm. Find the maximum acceleration of the
driven shaft and the maximum torque required if the driven shaft carries a flywheel of mass
10 kg and 90 mm radius of gyration.
1.
The Ackerman steering gear mechanism is preferred to the Davis steering

gear Mechanism, because [ D]
(A)Whole of the mechanism in the Ackerman steering gear is on the back
of the front wheels.
(B) The Ackerman steering gear consists of turning pairs
Page 20
(C) The Ackerman steering gear is most economical

(D) Both (a) and (b)
2.
With single Hookes joint it is possible to connect two shafts, the axes of
which have an angular misalignment up to [D ]
(A)100 (B) 200 (C) 300 (D) 400
3. In which mechanism, the coriolis component of acceleration will be

considered [B ]
(A)Four-bar chain mechanism (B) Quick return motion mechanism
(C) Slider-crank mechanism (D) none of the above
4.
The driving and driven shaft connected by Hooks joint will have equal
speeds if =angle through which the driving shaft turns, =angle of
inclination of driving and driven shaft then [ B]
(A) cos=sin (B) sin= tan (C) tan=cos (D) cot=cos
5. The magnitude of linear velocity of a point Q on link PQ relative to point P is

[ C]
(A) .PQ (B) .(PQ)2 (C) 2.PQ (D) (.PQ)2
FILL IN THE BLANKS
UniversalorHooksJoint is used to connect two non-parallel and
intersecting shafts.
2.
Davis Steering gear mechanism satisfies the fundamental equation of
gearing in all position.
3.
Davis steering gear consists ofslidingpair
4.
In automobiles the power is transmitted from gear box to differential
throughHooksJoint
5.
The steering gear mechanism is used for changing the direction of two or
more of the wheel axiswith reference to the chassis
6.
In which type of mechanism steering is done by means of front wheels
steering gear
7.
In order to avoid skidding slipping of the wheels the two front wheels must
turn
about
the
which lies on the axis of the back wheels same instantaneous
8.
The condition for correct steering is that all the four wheels must turn
about the same
instantaneous centre
9.
The fundamental equation for the correct steering is given by (cot0-cot6=c/b)
10.
Davis steering gear is an exact steering mechanism.
11.
Which of the steering gear mechanisms is simpler? Ackerman
12. A (Hooke's joint) is used to connect two shafts, which are intersecting at a small angle.
13.The arms of the cross in the universal joint are perpendicular to each other.
14.
The main application of universal joint is found in the transmission from the gear box to
theof the automobile. Differential
15.
Universal joint is used as a knee joint in milling machines.
16. Double hooke's joint type of joint has the constant velocity.
17.
The maximum fluctuation of speed is given by (col(max)=o>/cosa)
18.In a pantograph, all the pairs are turning pairs
1.

Page 21
19. Which of the following mechanism is made up of turning pairs peaucellier's mechanism
20.Which of the following mechanism is used to enlarge or reduce the size of a drawing
pantograph
21.The Ackerman steering gear mechanism is preferred to the Davis steering gear mechanism,
because the Ackerman steering gear is most economical
22.The driving and driven shafts connected by Hooke's joint will have equal speeds, if
(tan6=+Vcosa)
1. Explain Hooke's joint or Universal joint?
2. Two shafts are connected by a universal joint. The driving shaft rotates at a uniform speedof 1500
r.p.m. Determine the greatest permissible angle between the shaft axes so that the totalfluctuation
of speed does not exceed 200 r.p.m. Also calculate the maximum and minimum speeds of the
driven shafts.
3. In a Hooke's joint, the angle between the two shafts is 15o. Find the angles turned by the driving shaft when the
velocity of driven shaft is maximum, minimum and equal to that of the driving shaft. Also Determine when the
driven shaft will have the maximum acceleration and reatrdation.
4. In a Davis steering gear, the length of the car between axles is 2.4 m, and the steerin pivots are 1.35 m apart.
Determine the inclination of the track arms of the longitudianal axis of the car when the car moves in a straight
path.
5. The two shaftsof a Hooke's coupling have their axes inclined at 20 o. The shaft A revolves at a uniform speed of
1000 rpm. The shaft B carries a flywheel of mass 30 kg. If the radius of gyration of the flywheel is 100 mm,
find the maximum torque in shaft B.
1. (a) What is a double Hooke's joint? State the conditions to be satisfied in a double Hooke's
joint in order to provide a uniform velocity ratio through out a revolution.
(b) The angle between the axes of two shafts connected by a Hooke's joint is 22.5 degrees.
The power supplied to the driving shaft is 7.5 KW at a uniform speed of 300 rpm. If the
output torque on the driven shaft is not to vary by more than 15 percent of the input torque,
what is the necessary moment of inertia of the flywheel?
2.
3.
Two inclined shafts are connected by means of a universal joint. The

speed of the driving shaft is 1000 rpm. If the total fluctuation of speed of
driven shaft is not to exceed 12.5% of this, what is the maximum possible
inclination between the two shafts? With this angle, what will be the
maximum acceleration to which the driven shaft is subjected and when
this will occur?
A double universal joint is used to connect two shafts in the same plane.
The
intermediate
shaft is inclined at an angle of 20 to the driving shaft as well as the driven
shaft.
Find
the
maximum and minimum speed of the intermediate shaft and the driven
shaft if the driving shafthas a constant speed of 500 r.p.m.
Page 22
4. Two shafts with an included angle of 160 are connected by a Hooke's joint. The
driving
shaft runs at a uniform sped of 1500 r.p.m. The driven shaft carries a
flywheel
of
mass
12kg
and 100mm radius of gyration. Find the maximum angular acceleration of
the driven shaft andthe maximum torque required.
5. Two shafts are connected by a Hooke's joint. The driving shaft revolves
uniformly at 500 r.p.m. If the total permissible variation in speed of the driven
shaft is not to exceed _6% of the mean speed, find the greatest
permissible angle between the centre lines of the shafts.
1.
(a) What is cam? What is displacement diagram with reference to cam?

(b) The following data relate to a cam profile in which the follower moves with uniform
acceleration and deceleration during ascent and descent.
Minimum radius of cam = 25 mm, Roller diameter = 7.5 mm, Lift = 28 mm, Offset of follower
axis = 12 mm towards right, Angle of ascent = 600, Angle of descent = 900, Angle
of
dwell
between ascent and descent = 450, Speed of the cam = 200 rpm.
Draw the profile of the cam and determine the maximum velocity and the uniform acceleration of
the follower during the outstroke and the return stroke.
2. (a) What is the importance of pressure angle of a cam?
(b) A cam is to operate a flat-faced follower having uniform acceleration and deceleration during
ascent and descent. The least radius of the cam is 50mm. During descent, the deceleration
period is half of the acceleration period. The ascent lift is 37.5mm. The ascent is for 1/4th
period, dwell for 1/4th, descent for 1/3rd, and dwell for the remaining 1/6 the period. The cam
rotates 600 rpm. Find the maximum velocity and acceleration during ascent and descent.
3. A tangent cam with a base circle diameter of 50mm operates a roller follower 20mm in diameter.
The line of stroke of the roller follower passes through the axis of the cam. The angle between the
tangential faces of the cam is 600, speed of the cam shaft 200 rpm and the lift of the follower
15mm. Calculate,
(a) The main dimensions of the cam.
(b) The acceleration of the follower at
i. The beginning of lift.
ii.Where the roller just touches the nose. i.e. the apex of the circular nose.
4. The following data relate to a cam operating an oscillating roller follower:
Minimum radius of cam = 44mm. Diameter of roller = 14mm, Length of the follower arm =
40mm. Distance of fulcrum centre from cam centre = 50mm, Angle of ascent = 75o, Angle
Page 23
of
descent = 105o, Angle of dwell for follower in the highest position = 60o, Angle of oscillation of
follower = 28o. Draw the profile of the cam if the ascent and descent both take place with SHM.
5. (a) Explain the procedure to layout the cam profile for a reciprocating
follower.
(b) Derive relations for velocity and acceleration for a convex cam with a flat faced follower.
6.
Draw a cam profile which would impart motion to a flat faced follower in
the following desired way. The stroke of the follower being 5 cm.
i) The follower to move with uniform acceleration upward for 90 o, dwell for
next 90o.
ii) The follower to return downward with uniform retardation for 120 o and
dwell for next 60o.
The minimum radius of the cam being 3 cm.
7.
(a) Compare the performance of Knife edge, roller and mushroom
followers.
(b) A knife edged follower for the fuel valve of a four stroke diesel engine
has its centre line coincident with the vertical centre line of the cam. It
rises 2.5 cm with SHM during 60 o rotation of cam, then dwells for 20o
rotation of cam and finally descends with uniform acceleration and
deceleration during 45o rotation of cam, the deceleration period being half
the acceleration period. The least radius of the cam is 5 cm. Draw the
profile of the cam to full size.
8.
(a) How can cams be classified according to motions of the followers.

(b) Set out the profile of a cam to give the following motion to a at mushroom contact face
follower:
Follower to rise through 24 mm during 150o of cam rotation with SHM.
Follower to dwell for 30o of the cam rotation.
Follower to return to the initial position during 90o of the cam rotation with SHM.
Follower to dwell for the remaining 90o of cam rotation. Take minimum radius of the cam as
30 mm.
9.
(a) What is a displacement diagram? Why is it necessary to draw it before drawing a cam
profile?
(b) Draw the profile of a cam operating a knife edge follower having a lift of 30 mm. The cam
raises the follower with SHM for 150o of the rotation followed by a period of dwell for 60o.
The follower descends for the next 100o rotation of the cam with uniform velocity, again
followed by a dwell period. The cam rotates at a uniform velocity of 120 rpm and has a least
radius of 20 mm. What will be the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower during
the lift and the return?
10.
Draw the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for a follower when it moves
with simple harmonic motion. Derive the expression for velocity and acceleration
duringoutstroke and return stroke of the follower.
10.4.5.2.OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Page 24
1. For the knife edge follower, the cam profile and pitch curve [ B]
A) are different B)are same C)may be same or different D)none of the
above
2. The angle, which represents the cam profile and is most important in cam
design, is [B ]
A) Cam angle B) pressure angle C) angle of dwell D) angle of descent
3. The Size of a cam depends upon [ A]
(A) Base circle (B) Pitch circle (C) Prime circle (D) Pitch curve
4. The cam follower generally used in automobile engines is [C ]
(A) Knife edge follower (B) Flat faced follower (C) Spherical faced follower
(D) Roller follower
5. The stroke of the follower is equal to _______ [B ]
(A) Half of the maximum travel of the follower from the lowest position To
the top most position
(B) Maximum travel of the follower from the lowest position to the top
most position
(C) Half of the diameter of base circle (D) Half of the diameter of prime circle
6. A radial follower is one which [ A]
(A )translates along an axis passing through the cam centre
(B) reciprocates in guides
(C) oscillates with a simple harmonic motion
(D) has an axis of movement displaced from the axis of rotation of cam.
7. During the dwell period of a cam, the follower moves [ D]
(A) With uniform speed (B) With Simple harmonic motion ( C) In a straight line
(D) Remains at rest
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The left of a flat-faced follower, when it is in contact with the flank of a circular arc cam,is
equal to [(R-r)(1-cos)]
2. The cam and follower is an example of lower pair
3. In a radial cam, the follower moves in a direction Perpendicular to the
cam axis
4. The angle, which represents the cam profile and is most important in cam
Design isPressureangle.
5. The period during which follower remains stationary during some finite
rotation of the Cam is Dwell Period .
6. The cam size depends upon Basecircle.
7. For low and moderate speed engines, the cam follower should move with Simple harmonic
motion
8. When the follower moves with SHM, the velocity diagram is Sinusoidal curve
9. The size of a cam depends on base circle
10. The angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the pitch curve is
called pressure angle
11. The retardation of a flat faced follower when it has contact at the apex of the nose of a
circular arc cam, is given by (co2*OQ)
Page 25
12. The displacement of a flat faced follower when it has contact with the flank of a circular arc
cam, is given by ((R-rl)(l-cos0))
13. For high speed engines, the cam follower should move with cycloidal motion
14. For low and moderate speed engines, the cam follower should move with simple harmonic
motion
15. Offset is provided to a cam follower mechanism to minimize the side thrust
1.
A disc cam is to give uniform motion to a knife edge follower during out stroke of 50mm
during the first half of the cam revolution. The follower again returns to its original position
with uniform motion during the next half of the revolution. The minimum radius of the cam
is50mm and the diameter of the cam shaft is 35mm. Draw the profile of the cam when
i) the axis of follower passes through the axis of cam shaft, and
ii) The axis of follower is offset by 20mm from the axis of the cam shaft.
2.
Design a cam to raise a valve with simple harmonic motion through 50mm in 1/3 of a
revolution. Keep if fully raised through 1/12 revolution and to lower it with harmonic
motioninl/6 revolution. The valve remains closed during the rest of the revolution. The
diameterofthe roller is 20mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 25mm. The diameter of the
camshaftis 25mm. The axis of the valve rod passes through the axis of the camshaft. If
thecamshaftrotates at uniform speed of 100 r.p.m; find the maximum velocity and accelerationof
a valveduring raising and lowering.
3.
A cam rotating clockwise with a uniform speed is to give the roller follower of 20mm
diameter with the following motion:
Follower to move outwards through a distance of 30mm during 120 of cam rotation
Follower to dwell for 60 of cam rotation
Follower to return to its starting position during next 90 of cam rotation; and
Follower to dwell for the remaining 90 of cam rotation
The minimum radius of the cam is 45 mm and the line of stroke of the follower is offset 15mm
from the axis of the cam and the displacement of the follower is to take place with simple
harmonic motion on both the outward and return strokes. Draw the cam profile.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.
Draw the profile of the cam when the roller follower moves with cylindrical motion as give
below
(a)
Outstroke with maximum displacement of 44mm during 180 of cam rotation
(b)
Return stroke for the next 150 cam rotation
(c)
Dwell for the remaining 30 of cam rotation
The minimum radius of the cam is 20mm and the diameter of the roller is 10mm. The axis of
the roller follower passes through the cam shaft axis.
5.
The following data relate to a cam operating an oscillating roller follower:

Minimum radius of cam = 44mm. Diameter of roller = 14mm, Length of the follower arm =
40mm. Distance of fulcrum centre from cam centre = 50mm, Angle of ascent = 75 o, Angle of
descent = 105o, Angle of dwell for follower in the highest position = 60 o, Angle of oscillation
of follower = 28o. Draw the profile of the cam if the ascent and descent both take place with
SHM.
Page 26
1.
(a) How the pressure angle effects the follower motion? Explain by
considering uniform motion, S.H.M and parabolic motion.
(b) A cam rotating clockwise at a uniform speed of 200 r.p.m is required to
move an offset roller follower with a uniform and equal acceleration and
retardation on both the outward and return strokes. The angle of ascent, angle
of dwell (between ascent and descent) and the angle of descent is 120 o, 60o
and 90o respectively. The follower dwells for the rest of the cam rotation. The
least radius of the cam is 50 mm, the lift of the follower is 25 mm and
the
diameter of the roller is 10 mm. The line of stroke of the follower is offset by 20
mm from the axis of the cam. Draw the cam profile.
2. (a) Compare knife edge, roller and mushroom followers.
(b) A tangent cam with straight working faces tangential to a base circle of 120 mm diameter
has a roller follower of 48mm diameter. The line of stroke of the roller follower passes
through the axis of the cam. The nose circle radius of the cam is 12mm and the angle
between the tangential faces of the cam is 900. If the speed of the cam is 180rpm, determine
the acceleration of the follower when
i). During the lift, the roller just leaves the straight flank.
ii). The roller is at the outer end of its lift, i.e. at the top of the nose.
3. (a) Define pitch curve, pressure angle and base circle with reference to cams.
(b) A reciprocating roller follower has cycloidal motion and its stroke of 30 mm is completed
in 900 of the cam rotation. The follower is offset against the direction of rotation by 6.25
mm and the radius of the roller is 12.5mm. Determine the base circle radius which would
limit the pressure angle to 30o.
4.
A cam profile consists of two circular arcs of radii 24 mm and 12 mm

joined by straight lines giving the follower a lift of 12 mm. The follower is
a roller of 24 mm radius and its line of action is a straight line passing
through the cam shaft axis. When the cam shaft has a uniform speed of
500 r.p.m., find the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower
while in contact with the straight flank of the cam.
5.
A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner:

During first 120 rotation of the cam, follower moves outwards through a distance of 20mm with
simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells during next 30 of cam rotation. During next 120
of cam rotation, the follower moves inwards with simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells
for the next 90 of cam rotation. The minimum radius of the cam is 25mm. Draw the profile of
the cam

1. (a) Differentiate between cycloidal and involute teeth profiles.
(b) Two gears in mesh have 10 teeth and 40 teeth respectively. They are full-depth teeth and
pressure angle is 200. The module is 8.5mm. Determine the
(i). reduction in addendum of the gear to avoid interference, and
Page 27
(ii). contact ratio.

2. (a) Explain how can involute profile of gear teeth be formed.
(b) A pair of 200 pressure angle gears in mesh have the following data:
Speed of pinion = 400rpm
Number of teeth on pinion = 24
Number of teeth on gear = 28
Determine the addendum of the gears if the path of approach and recess is half the maximum
value. Determine also the arc of contact and the maximum velocity of sliding between the mating
surfaces.
3. (a) Deduce an equation for velocity of sliding of gears.
(b) Two spur gears of 24 teeth and 36 teeth of 8mm module and 200 pressure angle are in mesh.
Addendum of each gear is 8mm. The teeth are of involute form and the pinion rotates at 450rpm.
Determine the velocity of sliding when the pinion is at a radius of 102mm.
4. (a) State and derive the law of gearing.
(b) Following data relate to two meshing involute gears:
Number of teeth on the gear wheel = 60, Pressure angle = 200, Gear ratio = 1.5, Speed of the gear
wheel = 100 rpm, module = 8mm. The addendum on each wheel is such that the path of approach
and the path of recess on each side are 40% of the maximum possible length each. Determine the
addendum for the pinion and the gear and the length of the arc of contact.
5. (a) Make a comparison of cycloidal and involute tooth forms.
(b) Two 20o pressure angle involute gears in mesh have a module of 10mm. Addendum is 1
module. Large gear has 50 teeth and the pinion has 13 teeth. Does interference occur? If it occurs,
to what value should the pressure angle be changed to eliminate interference?
6. (a) What is a worm and worm wheel? Where is it used?
(b) Two 20o involute spur gears mesh externally and give a velocity ratio of
3. Module is 3 mm and the addendum is equal to 1.1 module. If the pinton
rotates at 120 r.p.m. find:
i) The minimum number of teeth on each wheel to avoid interference.
ii) The number of pairs of teeth in contact.
7.
Two gears in mesh have a module of 10 mm and a pressure angle of 25 o.
The pinion has 20 teeth and the gear has 52. The addendum on both the
gears is equal to one module. Determine
i) The number of pairs of teeth in contact
ii) The angles of action of the pinion and the wheel
iii) The ratio of the sliding velocity to the rolling velocity at the pitch point
and at the beginning and end of engagement.
8. (a) Derive the condition for constant velocity ratio for transmission of motion through gear
drives.
(b) State and explain various methods of interference briefly.
9. Two gear wheels of 100 mm and 150 mm pitch diameters have involve teeth
of 3mm module and an angle of obliquity of 17o. The addendum is each 3 mm.
Determine the number of pairs of teeth in contact.
10. (a) Define the terms related to worm gear: axial pitch, lead and lead angle.
(b) Two 200 involute spur gears have a module of 6mm. The larger wheel has 36 teeth and
the pinion 16 teeth. If the addendum be equal to one module, will interference occur? What
will be the effect, if the number of teeth on the pinion is reduced to 14?
Page 28
1.
The motion transmitted between the teeth of two spur gears is generally [D ]
(A) sliding (B) rolling (C)rotary (D)partly sliding and partly rolling
2. Which of the following represents the locus of the common point on the two meshing gears?
[C ]
(a) addendum circle (b) root circle (c) pitch circle (d) base circle
3. A gear having 100 teeth is fixed and another gear having 25 teeth
revolves around it, the centre lines of both gears being joined by an arm.
How many revolutions will be made by gear of 25 teeth for one revolution
of arm [B ]
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
4. Law of gravity is satisfied if [ C]
(A) Two surfaces slide smoothly (B) no. of teeth = PCD / module
(C) Common normal at the point of contact passes through pitch point on
the line joining the centers of rotation
(D) Addendum is greater than dedendum
5. Involute profile is preferred to cycloidal because [ B]
a) The profile is easy to cut b) Only one curve is required to cut
c) the rack has straight line profile and hence can be cut accurately d)
more strength will be pertained
6. The module is the reciprocal of [ A]
(A) Diametral pitch (B) Circular pitch C)pitch diameter (D) none of these
7. Law of gearing is satisfied if____ [ B]
(A) Two surfaces slide smoothly
(B) Common normal at the point of contact passes through the pitch point
on the line joining the centers of rotation
(C) Number of teeth = P.C.D. / module (D) Addendum is greater than
dedendum
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The two parallel and coplanar shafts are connected by gears having teeth parallel to the axis
of the shaft. This arrangement is called spur gearing
2. The type of gears used to connect two non-parallel non-intersecting shafts are
spiral gears
3. An imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, gives the same motion as the actual gear,
is called pitch circle
4. The size of a gear is usually specified by pitch circle diameter
5. The radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth, is
called dedendum
6. The product of the diametric pitch and circular pitch equal to II
7. The module is the reciprocal of diametrical pitch
8. Which is the incorrect relationship of gears addendum=2.157 module
9. If the module of a gear be m, the number of teeth T and pitch circle diameter D,
then m=D/T
10. Meter gears are used for equal speed
11. The condition of correct gearing is radius of curvature of two profiles be same
12. Law of gearing is satisfied if common normal at the point of contact passes through the
pitch point on the line joining the centres of rotation
13. Involute profile is preferred to cycloidal because only one curve is required to cut
Page 29
14. The contact ratio for gears is greater than one

15. The maximum length of arc of contact for two mating gears, in order to avoid interference,
is ((r+R)tan0)
16. When the addenda on pinion and wheel is such that the path of approach and path of recess
are half of their maximum possible values. Then the length of the path of contact is given
by ((r+R)sin0/2)
17. Interference can be avoided involute gears with 20 pressure angle by using more than 20 teeth
18. The ratio of face width to transverse pitch of a helical gear with a as the helix angle is
normally more than 1.15/tana
19. The maximum efficiency for spiral gears is (cos(0+0)+l/cos(9-0+l))
20. For a speed ratio of 100, smallest gear box is obtained by using a pair of helical and a pair of
worm gear compounded
21.Two non-intersecting and non parallel, i.e., non-coplanar shafts are connected by gears of the
typespiral.
22.When two spur gears are to be in mesh, their module must be same.
23.For a gear with involute profile teeth, the normal to the involute is a tangent to the Base circle.
24.The gears in lathe machine used for reversing the direction of rotation of driven gears are
tumblergears.
25.The product of circular pitch and the diametral pitch is equal to
26.Module is the reciprocal ofDiametralpitch
27.The difference between the tooth space and tooth thickness as measured on the pitch circle, is
called Backlash
28. If the module of a gear be m, the number of teeth T and pitch circle diameter D, then module (m)
is given by m=D/T

Page 30
1.
The pitch circle diameter of the smaller of the two spur wheels which mesh externally
and have involute teeth is 100mm. The numbers of teeth are 16 and 32. The pressure angle
is 20 and the addendum is 0.32 of the circular pitch. Find the length of the path of contact
of the pair of teeth.
2.
A pair of gears, having 40 and 30 teeth respectively are of 25 involute form. The
addendum length is 5mm and the module pitch is 2.5mm. If the smaller wheel is the driver
and rotates at 1500r.p.m. find the velocity of sliding at the point of engagement and at the
point of disengagement.
Two gears of module 4mm have 24 and 33 teeth. The pressure angle is 20 and each gear
has a standard addendum of one module. Find the length of arc of contact and the
maximum velocity of sliding if the pinion rotates at 120r.p.m.
A 20 involute pinion with 20 teeth drives a gear having 60 teeth. Module is 8mm and
addendum of each gear is 10mm.
State whether interference occurs or not. Give reasons.
Find the length of path of approach and arc of approach if pinion is the driver.
3.
4.
5.
Two mating gears have 20 and 40 involute teeth of module 10mm and 20 pressure
angles. If the addendum on each wheel is such that the path of contact is maximum and
interference is just avoided. Find the addendum for each gear wheel, path of contact, arc of
contact and contact ratio.
1.
Determine a suitable train of wheels to satisfy the requirements of a

clock, the minute hand of which is fixed to a spindle and the hour hand to
a sleeve rotating freely on the same spindle. The pitch is the same for all
the wheels and each wheel has at least 11 teeth. The total number of
teeth should be as small as possible.
2. (a) Define arc to contact of two gear wheels.
(b) A pinion of 200 involute teeth and 120 mm pitch circle diameter drives a rack. The
addendum of both pinion and rack is 6 mm. Determine the least pressure angle which can
be used to avoid interference. With this pressure angle find the contact ratio.
3. (a) Define the terms related to gears. Gear ratio, module, pitch diameter.
(b) A spur gear has 30 teeth and module of 1.4mm. It rotates at 360 r.p.m. Determine its
circular pitch and pitch line velocity.
4. (a) Sketch two teeth of a gear and show the following: face, flank, top land,
bottom land, addendum, dedendum, tooth thickness, space width, face
width and circular pitch.
(b) Derive a relation for minimum number of teeth on the gear wheel and
the pinion to avoid interference.
5. Derive an expression for the centre distance of a pair of spiral gears.
http://mlriteresource/index.php/nptel/videos/mechanical-engineering/category/1651-kinematics-ofMLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043
Page 31
machines
A countershaft acting as a driver has speed of 240rpm. It is connected to another shaft
1.
parallel to it at a centre distance of 3 meters. The desired angular speeds of the driven
shaft are 80, 120, or 160rpm obtained by fixing speed cones in the two shafts, the
minimum diameters of the speed cones being 25cm. Determine the remaining diameters
of the speed cones for an open belt drive.
Determine the maximum power that can be transmitted through a at belt having the
2.
following data:
cross section of the belt = 300mm 12mm
Ratio of belt tensions = 2.2
Maximum permissible tension in belt = 2N/mm2
Mass density of the belt material = 0.0011 g/mm3.
3. (a) Derive an expression for velocity ratio of belt drive
(b) Design a set of stepped pulleys to drive a machine from countershaft that runs at 220 rpm.
The distance between centres of the two sets of pulleys is 2m the diameter of the smallest step
on the countershaft is 160mm. The machine is to run at 80, 100 and 130rpm and should be
able to rotate in either direction.
4. A countershaft is to be driven at 240rpm from a driving shaft rotating at 100rpm by an openbelt drive. The diameter of the driving pulley is 480mm. The distance between the centre line of
shafts is 2m. Find the width of the belt to transmit 3kW of power if the safe permissible stress
in tension is 15N/mm width of the belt. Take = 0.3.
5. (a) What is an idler pulley? What are its main purposes? How does it increase
the life of a
belt? How does it accommodate or achieve a large
velocity ratio?
(b) The pulleys of two parallel shafts 8 m apart are 600 mm and 800 mm in diameters and are
connected by a crossed belt. It is needed to change the direction of rotation of the driven shaft by
adopting the open-belt drive. Calculate the change in length of the belt.
6. A rope drive is required to transmit 35 kW at 160 RPM. The grooved pulley has a mean diameter
to the rope center of 1.2 m and the groove angles are 45o. Taking = 0.25 and the angle of contact
of the ropes as 190o, determine the number of ropes required, if the maximum pull in each rope is
700 N.
7. (a) Explain what is meant by the phenomenon of creep in belts. How is the
creep under varying conditions of belt material determined?
(b) What maximum HP can be transmitted per square cm of cross-section, if
the tension in the belt is not to exceed 25 kg/cm 2and the ratio of the
tension in the tight side to the tension in the slack side is 1.8? Assume the
weight of 1 cu cm of belt as 0.0011 kg.
8. (a) State the basis on which the chain drive is classified? What are the
common types of chains?
(b) A motor shaft drives a main shaft of a workshop by means of a flat belt, the
diameters of the pulleys being 500 mm and 800 mm respectively. Another
pulley of diameter 600 mm on the main shaft drives a counter-shaft
having a 750 mm diameter pulley. If the speed of the motois 1600 rpm,
find the speed of the countershaft neglecting the thickness of the belt and
considering a slip of 4% on each drive.
9. The following data relate to a rope drive:
Power transmitted = 20kW, Diameter of pulley = 480mm, Speed =
80rpm, Angle of lap on smaller pulley = 1600, Number of ropes = 8, Mass
Page 32
of rope/m length = 48 G2 kg, Limiting working tension = 132G 2 kN,

Coefficient of friction = 0.3, Angle of groove = 44 o. If G is the girth of rope
in m, determine the initial tension and the diameter of each rope
10.
A countershaft is to be driven at 240rpm from a driving shaft rotating
at 100rpm by an open-belt drive. The diameter of the driving pulley is
480mm. The distance between the centre line of shafts is 2m. Find the
width of the belt to transmit 3kW of power if the safe permissible stress
in tension is 15N/mm width of the belt. Take = 0.3.
1. Creep in a belt occurs due to [ D]
(a)Weak material of the belt (b) weak material of the pulley
(c)improper crowning (d) Uneven contraction and ecxtension of the belt
2. The mid section of flat pulleys is slightly raised to [C]
(a) reduce tension in the belt (b) increase the angle of contact
(c) avoid lateral slip of the belt (d)save the pulley from any damage from the belt joints
3. An idler pulley is used [B ]
(a) for frequent stoppage of motion (b)to maintain requisite tension in the belt
(c) to change the direction of motion of the belt (d)to run only during non load periods
4. The power transmitted by belt drive is designed on the basis of [ A]
(a) angle of lap on the smaller pulley
(b) angle of lap on the larger pulley
(c) average angle of lap of the two pulleys
(d) angle of lap of the driver pulley whether smaller or larger
5. Which of the following provides a smooth and positive drive? [D ]
(a) rope drive (b) V-belt drive (c) chain drive (d) gear drive
6. Which of the following drives is best suited for large velocity ratios? [ D]
(a) chain drive (b) spur gear drive (c) helical gear drive (d) worm and
worm wheel
7. The V-belt sheaves of pulleys normally have a groove angle of [ A]
(a)34o to 38o (b) 20o to 30o (c) 48o to 54o (d) 15o to 20o
8. In case of V-belt drive , if =Angle of lap, =co-efficient of friction and
=angle of groove then the ratio of tension of tight side to slack side
(T1/T2) is [A]
(A)e(()/(sin)) (B)e( sin) (C)e(()/(cos)) (D)e( cos)
9. Two pulleys of radii r1 and r2 and at distance x apart are connected by [ B]
means of an open belt drive, the length of the belt is
(A)(r1+r2)+(r1+r2)2/x+2x (B) (r1+r2)+(r1-r2)2/x+2x
(C) (r1-r2)+(r1-r2)2/x+2x (D) (r1-r2)+(r1+r2)2/x+2x
10. The crowning on pulleys is provided to [ A]
(A) Prevent belt from running of the pulley (B) Prevent damage to the belt
(C) Increase friction between belt and pulley joint (D) Reduce belt friction
11. The tension caused by centrifugal force on the belts [B ]
a) Increase power transmission b) decreases power transmission
Page 33
c) Does not affect power transmission d) none of the above

12. When maximum horse power is transmitted, the effective tension in the
tight side of the belt is equal to [ A]
a) Twice the centrifugal tension b) three times the centrifugal tension
c) half the centrifugal tension d)one-third the centrifugal tension
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The ratio between tensions in the tight and slack side of a flat belt drive increases
exponentially as the angle of lap increases.
2. For identical conditions of belt speed, pulley diameters, centre distance
and material of pulley and belt, crossed belt drive transmits morepower
than that transmitted by flat belt drive due to more angle of embrace.
For maximum power transmitted by belt, the maximum permissible
tension in the belt is 3times centrifugal tension.
Idler
pulley is used forApplyingtension
4.
5. In multi-V-belt transmission, if one of the belts is broken, we have to
change Allthebelts
6. When the centrifugal tension is considered, the belt is designed for the
tension is T1+TC
7. The velocity of a body moving with simple harmonic motion isMaximum
at the mean position.
8. The included angle for the V-belt is usually30oto45o
3.
1.
An engine shaft running at 120r.p.m is required to drive a machine shaft by means of a belt.
The pulley on the engine shaft is of 2m diameter and that of the machine shaft is 1m diameter.If
the belt thickness is 5mm ; determine the speed of the machine shaft, when
i) There is no slip; and ii) There is a slip of 3%
2.
Two parallel shafts 6 metres apart are provided with 300mm and 400mm diameter pulleys
and are connected by means of a cross belt. The direction of rotation of the follower pulley is
to be reversed by changing over to an open belt drive. How much length of the belt has to be
reduced?
3.
A pulley is driven by a flat belt running at speed of 600m/min. The coefficient of friction
between the pulley and the belt is 0.3 and the angle of lap is 160. If the maximum tension in
the belt is 700N; find the power transmitted by a belt.
4.
Find the width of the belt, necessary to transmit 7.5 kW to a pulley 300mm diameter, if the
pulley makes 1600r.p.m and the coefficient of friction between the belts is not to exceed
8N/mm width.
5.
A leather belt 125 mm wide and 6mm thick transmits power from a pulley 750 mm diameter
which runs at 500 r.p.m. The angle of lap is 150 and u=0.3. If the mass of 1m 3 of leather is IMg
and the stress in the belt is not to exceed 2.75 Mpa, find the maximum power that can be
transmitted.
Page 34
1.
A leather belt is required to transmit 8 kW from a pulley 1.5m diameter running at 240 rpm.
The angle of contact is 1600 and the coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.25.
The safe working stress for leather is 1.5MPa and density of leather is 1000 kg/m3.
Determine the width of the belt if its thickness is 10mm.Take into account the effect of
centrifugal tension.
2.
A belt drive is required to transmit 10kW from a motor running at 600rpm. The belt is 12mm
thick and has a mass density of 0:001g/mm3. Safe stress in the belt is not to exceed
2.5N/mm2. Diameter of the driving pulley is 250mm. Whereas the speed of the driven pulley
is 220 rpm. The two shafts are 1.25m apart. The coefficient of friction is 0.25. Determine the
width of the belt.
3.
A belt is required to transmit 25 KW from a pulley 1.5 m diameter running
at 200 r.p.m. The angle embraced is 165o and the coefficient of friction is 0.3. If
the safe working stress for the leather is 2.5 MPa, the mass of 1 m 3 of leather
970kg and the thickness of the belt is 9.5 mm, what width of belt will be
required, taking in to account the centrifugal force?
`4. (a) What is centrifugal tension in a belt? How does it affect the power transmitted?
(b) A pulley used to transmit power by means of ropes has a diameter of 3.6 m and has 15
grooves of 45o. The angle of contact is 170o and the coefficient of friction between the ropes
and the grooves sides is 0.28. The maximum possible tension in the ropes is 960 N and the
mass of the rope is 1.5 kg per metre length. What is the speed of pulley in rpm and the power
transmitted in the condition of maximum power prevail?
5.
Derive the relation,
for a flat belt drive with usual notations

10.4.8.1SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (a) Differentiate between simple and compound gear trains.
(b) Figure 6b shows a port indicator for a twin-screw ship. It is found that the pointer P remains
stationary if the propellers run at the same speed and drive the gears C and D in the same
direction through equal gears A and B. If the number of teeth on G and F are 24 and 50
respectively, find the ratio of the number of teeth on C to that on D. What will be the speed of
the pointer if B runs at 5% faster than A and if the speed of C is 100rpm?

Page 35
2. The epicyclic gear train known as Ferguson's paradox is shown in figure 6. Gear 1 is fixed
to
the frame. The arm A and gears 2 and 3 are free to rotate on the shaft S. Gears 1, 2 and 3 have 100,
101, and 99 teeth respectively. The planet gear has 20 teeth. The pitch circle diameter of all the gears
is the same so that the plant gear P meshes with all of them. Determine the revolutions of gears 2 and
3 for one revolution of the arm A.
3. An epicyclic gear train, as shown in figure 5, is composed of a fixed annular wheel A having 150
teeth. The wheel A is meshing with wheel B which drives wheel D through an idler wheel C, D
being concentric with A. The wheels B and C are carried on an arm which revolves clockwise at
100rpm about the axis of A and D. If the wheels B and D have 25 teeth and 40 teeth respectively,
find the number of teeth on C and the speed and sense of rotation of C.
4. (a) Classify gear trains.

(b) In a reduction gear shown in figure, the input S has 24 teeth, P and C constitute a compound
planet having 30 and 18 teeth respectively. If all the gears are of the same pitch, find the speed ratio
of the reduction gear. Assume A to be fixed.

Page 36
5. (a) What is the difference between a simple gear train and a compound gear
train? Explain with the help of sketches.
(b) In a reverted gear train, as shown in Figure.1, two shafts A and B are in the same straight line
and are geared together through an intermediate parallel shaft C. The gears connecting the shafts A
and C have a module of 2 mm and those connecting the shafts C and B have a module of 4.5 mm.
The speed of shaft A is to be about but greater than 12 times the speed of shaft B, and the ratio at
each reduction is same. Find suitable number of teeth for gears. The number of teeth of each gear is
to be a minimum but not less than 16. Also find the exact velocity ratio and the distance of shaft C
from A and B.
6.
(a) Describe a differential with the help of a sketch. Prove that the two rear
wheels will rotate at different speeds with its help when rounding a curve.
(b) Two spur gears A and B of an epicyclic gear train have 24 and 30 teeth respectively. The
arm connecting the two gears rotates at 100 rpm in CW direction. Find the speed of gear B, when
gear A is fixed.
7.
(a) State how you will determine the torques and the tooth loads on
epicyclic gear train.
(b) The axes of two parallel shafts are 100 cm apart. Motion is transmitted
from one shaft to another by spur gears whose pitch in module is 1.5 cm.
If one shaft is to rotate 3.5 times as fast as the other, find the number of
teeth in each and the exact centre distance. If the distance between the
shaft axes cannot be changed, what is the resulting velocity ratio?
8.
In a reverted epicyclic train, the arm A carries two wheels B and C and a
compound wheel D-E. The wheel B gears with wheel E and wheel C gears
with wheel D. The number of teeth on wheels B, C and D are 75, 30 and
90 respectively. Find the speed and direction of wheel C, when wheel B is
fixed, and the arm A makes 100 RPM clock-wise.

Page 37
9. (a) Explain about automotive differential.

(b) An epicyclic gear consists of a pinion, a wheel of 40 teeth and an annulus with 84 internal
teeth concentric with the wheel. The pinion gear with the wheel and the annulus. The arm
that carries the axis of the pinion rotates at 100rpm. If the annulus is fixed, find the speed of
the wheel; if wheel is fixed, find the speed of the annulus.
10.
Figure shows an epicyclic gear train arrangement. Wheel E is a fixed wheel and wheels C
and D are integrally cast, and mounted on one pin. If the arm A makes one revolution/sec.
counter-clockwise, determine the speed and the direction of rotation of wheels B and F.
1. In a gear train of n wheels, the speed ratio is defined as [ D]
(A) Nn/N1 (B) Tn/T1 (C) N1*Nn (D) N1/Nn
2. In a simple trains of three wheels, the third wheel will rotate [B ]
a) In the opposite direction to the first wheel b) in the same direction as
the first wheel
c) In any direction d) none of the above
3.
When the axes of the first and last wheel of a compound gear train are coaxial, then the train is known as [A ]
a) reverted gear train b) non-reverted gear train
c)epicyclic gear train d) none of the above
4. Train value of a gear train is [ C]
a) equal to the speed ratio b)half of the speed ratio
c) reciprocal of the speed ratio d)double the speed ratio
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Page 38
1. A gear train , in which atleat one of the gear axes is in motion relative to the frame, is known
asepicyclicgear train.
2. To connect hour hand to minute hand in a clock mechanism Reverted
gear train is used.
3. In a simple gear train, if the number of idle gears is odd, then the motion of driver gear will
be sameas that of driver gear.
4. compound gear train is used in the gear box of an automobile
1. What do you understand by 'gear train'? Discuss the various types of gear trains.
2. Explain briefly the differences between simple, compound, and epicyclic gear trains. What
are the special advantages of epicyclic gear trains?
3. Explain the procedure adopted for designing the spur wheels.
4. How the velocity ratio of epicyclic gear train is obtained by tabular method?
5.Explain with a neat sketch the 'sun and planet wheel'.
1.
An epicyclic gear train consists of a sun wheel S, a stationary annular wheel E and three
identical planet wheels P carried on a star-shaped carrier C, as shown in figure 2. The size of
different toothed wheels is such that the planet carrier rotates at 1/5 th of the speed of the sun
wheel S. The minimum number of teeth on any wheel is 18. The driving torque on the sun
wheel is 120N.m. Determine
(a) number of teeth on different wheels of the train, and
(b) torque necessary to keep the internal gear stationary.
2.
A epicyclic gear train for a hoist block is shown in Fig.1. The wheels A and
B have 16 and 36 teeth respectively with a module of 3 mm. The wheels C and
D have a module of 4 mm. Find the number of teeth on wheels C and D when
the speed of A is ten times the speed of arm E, both rotating in the same sense
and the wheel D is fixed.

Page 39
3.
(a) Explain with a neat sketch the sun and planet wheel.
(b) In a reverted epicyclic gear train, the arm A carries two gears B and C and a compound gear
D-E. The gear B meshes with gear E and the gear C meshes with gear D. The number of
teeth on gears B, C and D are 75, 30 and 90 respectively. Find the speed and direction of
gear C when gear B is fixed and the arm A makes 100 rpm clockwise.
4.
In an epicyclic gear train, A has 40 teeth external (fixed gear); B has 80 teeth internal; C -D is a
compound wheel having 20 and 50 teeth (external) respectively, E - F is a compound
wheel having 20 and 40 teeth (external) respectively, and G has 90 teeth (external). The arm
runs at l00 r.p.m in clockwise direction. Determine the speeds for gears C, E and B.
In the epicyclic reduction gear, the sun wheel D has 20 teeth and is keyed to the input shaft.
Two planet wheels B, each having 50 teeth, gear with wheel D and are carried by an arm
Affixed to the output shaft. The wheels B also mesh with an internal gear C which is fixed. Theinput
shaft rotates at 2100 r.p.m. Determine the speed of the output shaft and the torque
required fixing C when the gears are transmitting 30 kW.

Page 40

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10.

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY (KOM)

10.2. UNIT WISE PLANNER

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

10.3. SESSION PLANNER

Introduction of the subject & study of the motion

Classification of machines - kinematics chain

inversions of quadric cycle,

single and double slider crank chains, problems

Additional topics: Application of Kutz Bach

STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS:

Exact and approximate copiers and generated types

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

Graphical method: Problems

STEERING GEARS: Introduction

Conditions for correct steering

Davis Steering gear, Ackermans steering,

Double Hooke's joint - Universal coupling .

Condition for equal speeds, Max. fluctuation of

CAMS: Definitions of cam and followers &

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

GEAR TRAINS: Introduction - Train value

Types - Simple and reverted wheel train

Epicyclic gear Train. Methods of finding train

Differential gear for an automobile.

Torque in Epicyclic gear trains

10.4. QUESTION BANK

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

3. (a) Differentiate between

(a) Define: Kinematic link and Kinematic chain.

8. The motion of a piston in the cylinder of a steam engine is an example of

What is meant by inversion of a mechanism? Describe with the help of

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

A circle has OR as its diameter and a point Q lies on its circumference.

(a) Sketch a Paucellier mechanism. Show that it can be used to trace a

9. A torque of 85 N-m is applied to the link OA at A of a Gross-Hopper mechanism shown in

Which of the following mechanism is made up of turning pair? [D]

Which of the following mechanism is exactly straight line motion mechanism [ A]

4. Scott-Russel Mechanism consists of [ A]

(C) Turning & Rotary pairs (D) Sliding only

Which of the following mechanism is generated straight line motion

FILL IN THE BLANKS

5. What is scott-Russel mechanism? What is its limitation? How is it modified?

5. (a) State and prove the Kennedys theorem as applicable to instantaneous

Refer to Figure.The following dimensions are given.

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

Prove Kleins construction for determining the acceleration of a slider in a

where fp = acceleration of piston,

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

1. The total number of instantaneous centers for a mechanism consisting of n

The instantaneous centers which vary with the configuration of the

3. Coriolis components is encountered in [A ]

The component of acceleration, parallel to the velocity of the particle at

6. The magnitude of linear velocity of a point Q on link PQ relative to point P is

10.4.3.5. NPTEL LINK

The Ackerman steering gear mechanism is preferred to the Davis steering

(C) The Ackerman steering gear is most economical

3. In which mechanism, the coriolis component of acceleration will be

5. The magnitude of linear velocity of a point Q on link PQ relative to point P is

MLR Institute of Technology,Dundigal,Hyderabad-500 043

Two inclined shafts are connected by means of a universal joint. The

(a) What is cam? What is displacement diagram with reference to cam?

(a) How can cams be classified according to motions of the followers.