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Figure 1. Model of microstrip patch antenna; edge-fed with quarter wavelength transformer section to 50 transmission line.
The microstrip patch antenna model used for the numerical simulation in Ansoft HFSS is shown in Fig. 1. The patch
antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz operation on a substrate with 2.2 permittivity and 1.57 mm thickness. To determine
the width (W), the microstrip patch antenna calculator was used to provide an initial starting point. The length (L)
was chosen to be the same as W to obtain a symmetric radiation pattern. The patch without the feeding network was
simulated in Ansoft HFSS to adjust W for resonance at 2.4 GHz. Next, the input impedance of the patch at the edge
was determined by placing a length of 50 transmission line at the edge. By de-embedding the 50 transmission
line, the edge input impedance was determined to be 343 . Therefore, a quarter-wave length transformer was used
to match 343 input impedance to a 50 system. The final dimensions of the entire microstrip patch antenna are
W: 41.08 mm
L: 41.08 mm
lqw: 24.05 mm
wqw: 0.72 mm
l50: 15.00 mm
w50: 4.84 mm
Realization
After the HFSS simulation confirmed a resonance of 2.37 GHz with a return loss less than -10 dB, the microstrip patch
antenna was realized by photolithography. Fig. 2. shows the realized microstrip patch antenna with a 3.5 mm SMA
female connector compared with the HFSS model. The comparison of the numerical and experimental return loss is
shown in Fig. 3. Good agreement can be seen between HFSS and the measured results.
Radiation Pattern
The fabricated antenna was then placed inside an antenna chamber. Fig. 4 shows the antenna mounted onto a
rotational stage. A waveguide probe was used to measure the near-field of the microstrip patch antenna and postprocessing was performed to obtain the far-field radiation patterns.
The numerical and experimental E- and H-Plane radiation patterns are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively. Good
agreement can be seen, discrepency on the backside is due to the metallic mounting structure of the antenna
chamber's rotational stage. Fig. 7 shows the experimental 3-D radiation pattern of the microstrip patch antenna.