{)

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC:

..ENERGY CHANGES,

Section A Multiple choice questions

't.

Whicfr of the followingidoes-lat release heat energy?

A. The mixing netwdb-n-Oilute hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solution
B- The mixing between dihlte sulphuric acid and water
C," The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form vvater
me splitting of hydrogen mclecules into hydrogen atoms

,76.

2-

The three equations are given below'

l: H, *29
ll: HCI*H + Cl
lll:2H+O*H,O

(F)

Which oI the above equations represent(s) endothermic?

A., lonlY
land ll

,,9.

C. lland lll
D. l,ll and lll
to
A reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid according

3.

Mg(s) + zHC(aq)

Mgc[(aq] +

H"(g]

fte following equation'

AH = negative value

Which of the following statements is incorect?

AB.

Magnesium is oxidised.
Magnesium ctrloride has a high solubili$ in water'
md 1611p1I energy conter* ot tfre n1gCt" and H" is greater than that of Mg and HCIEvery 1 mote oi magnesium reacts in an excess of acid produces 1 mole of magnesium
chloride-

d
'';.

the
When solid sodium chloride is added to water, the temperature of the water drops- Which of
folowing conclusions best describes this observation?

4.

,7*.
' B. tniprocess
The process
CD.

5,

(t)

endothermic.

is
is exothermic.
Sodium chloride reacts with water.
lt is a bond forming Process.

The following chemical reaction takes place.

NHJg) + HCI(g)

NH.CI{s}

AH = negative value

( Il )

(i)

Vqfr6n satement about the reacticn is correct?

The reaction causes an increase in temperature in the sunoundings.
B. The reaction causes a decrease in the temperature in the sunoundingsC. The reaction is a bond breaking process-

,A.

'/

D.

6.

t'

7.

Which of the following statements is true about an endothermic process?

A. A catalysi is required to initial the chemical reaction.
B. Ught energy is always absorbed in the processC.lt does not require an activation energy to initiate the reactiontne tatal energy content of the producrs is more than that of the reactants.

(>)

Which of the following descriptions does not correctly describes an exothermic process?
A. lt is a bond making process-

g. Thetemperafurerndrescnrauadicgshcreeses. .!,
total energy content of the products is less than that of the ptftkcts. i -t, {'tr*l9.!!.
The process does not involve actirration energy.

.,D-

,u

The reaction is a physicalchange.

{p}

8.

The chemical equations forthree changes are shown belorry:

CO""..-.- C

l:

2H'+

II:

O-

+ 20
ZILA

NH.CI* NH.'+

l[:

Cl

Which of the ctrange(s) islare endothermic?

Arl
Ht
,9.
u c. I,lr,lll
D.

9-

I, il,

5
[l

Fuels are substance uvnjch give-olf large amount of heat when hrmt Whicfr of the followirg
statemenb is nottrue aboutfuels?
A- The products formed fom the combustion of fuels have a lorer energy content than
of fuelsThe bonds which are broken are weaker than the bonds that formed after trre cornh.stfrrn-

ffi

&

km3:ffitrffiffi#ffi??**pr*e*

10'

When 1 g of methane gas is hrmt comptrstely, 56 kJ of energy is released. tAfhat will be the
amqnt of
heat released if i mole of the gas is hrmt completely?
A. 56 kl/mol
B-,,1O2 kllmot

il agakJ/rnol
,,/o. 8960o kl/mot

1-

t
c/

Natural gas contains mainly methane gas, GH* When metfiane gas buns completely in an excess of
oxygen gas, carbon dioxide and steam are produced. 8Sn kJ of heat is given out for enrery mole of
methane bumt.

CH.(S)

O,(g)

-+

CO"tg)

H"O(S)

(a) Write the heat of reaction for the rmction.

- E'lohJ

^H=

(b) calculale the heat eneEy released when o.4g g of methane is bumed.

-"1 u J+f : ct-(,",Jc' ryul

t, 't mul ,tr Ctiq , ,t ,tk^*, tJoKJ ,'*'j'1

No rS

(c)

- A,tt)lnd/,J trtU, it

tt,t! ,'p.L-i,.tn- tt;;')c''1

3'lr'= A/kl 4

ls the reaction an 6ixothermic or an endothermic? Explain in terms of bond breaking and bond
making.

b'n rl-'
(d) Draw

energy profile for

reaction-

ffA'.t.'h'*,

'a*ry

- [1,kJ

ft*f",',f

*,**

q.!u

I lrsrvl,vtt

:-:/_H2..;)

rBvr

rvetr

!w9!r9r

-'t

ru rvrrr.

qwvru[aY

orsqrrr

+ -o2(,) *.tHzo( ,)
;

rv !r9

gt{ucuvtr

usluvl-

aH=-484kJ

(a) Balance the cfremicalibquation.

(b) Complete the state symbols

(c)

't1tI Li

in the equation-

Describe the energy content of the reactants and the product.

\(-

i- /

,.,

.1's,

i- .'

:,1

'ii

'?l

'*:-i

;1,-ii11

1;;i.t

+ 3Cl. .*

CHo

B:
Reaction C:

2NaoH + H,So.

Reaction

N, + O,

readions.

LH='327dJ
'a''*

+ 214,0

Na"So,

AH = +181

aH = -114

i, a

Jl

,_.r:

,"

_,

* 7
, -1*,x.i
_

kJ '':':

for the lhree reactions- r

d,
1---

ii

I
I

{b) Determine the aniount bf energy absorbed when 0.84 g of nitrogen gas reacted.
\i, r'i l:t,;u, . ;"/. :---;i.-:
- .. ''t'
/'
I
i
-.:\':,r'...:ii
': r'-lIi
'"L'j
i.,.i.
I:: ,,.-".:;
'"/',
,

4.

i. .'.... ,.' | --..'-.."

t

'

Methane reacts with chlorine gas according to the following equation:

cHJg)

4cL(s)-ccL($

aHCr(s)

Given the bond energies ol the covatent bonds invofued:

CI: 41 2 kjlmol; C
H: 431 kJ/mol; C
CI' 338 kJlmol; Cl- Cl: 242 kJlmoll
- the type of bond-forming
(a)- Name the number and
in this reaction.

[H

(b) Determine the AH for this reaction-

i yr
x{-

:-....,..
.".,iJ(

i..,

\.-*-J,

i i L" .'..1

.i
'

lr :

.f^.t,

i:'!':

j -f

i-i,''rll:

- >,-li.r++i-f--+1
+l>
-" '\ !
-:
'ij'7
)
r -'-i-i-.-/t
J'
r

''

(c) ls this reaction an exothermic or an endothermh?

{;}r

l;"- i;tltL.. t'.i...('l;,

kI

(a) Draw the energy level diagram, lFFtt@EP7i'MP+innnQtgy,

i iir'

't'

..1

1368 kJ. Determinethe energy involved in bond making

2NO(g)

. ,'.}?

a,v

cH,cl + SHCI

.*

tl "'', i

The following information shows the heat of reactign for different

FleactionA:

i +'t-'

-LtF
I t''. i
t(,,a. '

ior 0.5 mol water molecules.

g.

i::

I L1:' /

,,

rnlJu'\

(d) The energy released in bondtdis

,\

1{" '

,l

-f.

):

, t:.

:'l tl'-;
"- r-j

-t:'

t,, i-" i;rl

'

i,,'

i!

Section C Free tspottse questions ::- ::

1.

],:.,.:.:

i:.

:,

Hydrogen and chlorine react to brm trydrogen cfiloride- 1U kl of heat energy is released from anery
1 mole of trydrogen and 1 mde of chlorine reac.td.
{a) Write a balarrced cfremical equation, include the heat of reaction (AH), for fte reacfion.
{b} {D What type of energy change takes plae when bon& are broken?
(ii) VYhat t!rye of energy change takes place rrhen bonds are lormed?
tii0 Whi,ch is the larger energy cfrange taking place, bond breaking or bond making, forthe abore
reaction? Explain lour ansrrer.
(c) Drawthe ener,y profib forile abole reaction.
{d} Determine the energy change when 21-3 g of drlorine g:as reacts eompletely witrr trydrogen.

lat
(h)

fr,

U) --+ 2qCL

^tl--

-t?vkJ

) ndo't[ut'nrc
( il) 'vul'ktmrt'
( ii,) Bon,t' nil'l"r'
t""k"*L
7l'- e*r*
A'-u4 L*d - n^W'
llr,"us ,"yo 6mr- 6*,*
U

",*ry

( L)

Aq = -tt+ E1

fTt "f

(d)

N, ,1

rt - ]q'30-36rnol
ur>=
7

*''1

ft* *1

'e^c'he"rL

[^,1
,

O'30 rnol

")
I

1, ret{4t /

lt'(-

F1

'-*ff "

(.), u),il ,e\"ry<- -f 5

lp1

---+

,t

i"L'vd

'

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC: "REDOX REACTIONS"

1. Define the

following in terms of electron loss or gain:

(a) oxidisingagetrt;

(b)substanceoxidised.-

fr

).u:;?ryx-

4.-!

.t",i;i;s-'t

gql2S!7aq,

"^*t

h,'o

t':"nafi^21

-twb;;t,4--'!-:' ./,',t'" ll*-.r':iri'1''

,i*l suc*z'ts

A)

i, ,, fr ,rqhJ )
l

2.

Aqueous hydrogen peroxide, HzOz, reacts

with acidified aqueous potassium

manganate(Vll) as follows:
SEzAz(aq)+ 2MnOa- (aq) + 6H* (aq)

5O2 (aq)

ZMnz* (aq) + SHrO

(l)

(a) State the colour change you would see when potassium manganate(Vll) reacts with
hydrogen

peroxide.

,r4',,",y

o.

),

:.:,-

1L;,.;

(1)

(b) Name the acid usually usedto acidiff the potassium manganate(Vll;.

"'

.',,,'"--" /(t)
I

(c) Based oo your understanding of oxidation numbers, state and explain which substance

hasbeenoxidisedinthisreaction..),.,'..,i

!--,,r1 ,t'-.-i

\ iftt:.r!rr.i,...,(2) ,.
; ... l'<,r

ll'', '''

]--'

'- ( o., (,iLi\. , ,' ''

l/i" 'l
)

1^/1a"'

't' 'J';''

t
;t h ))
'''r

/t)'rai

3. Hydrogen peroxide solution reacts with lead(Il) sulfide in a reaction as shown below:
PbS

(s) +

4HzOz (aq)

PbSO4 (s) + aHzO

(l)

During the reaction, a colour sfoenge from black to white is observed.

(alNametheblacksubstance.

*.,,1(

/;

''- -

(1)

(b) What type of chemical reaction has lead(Il) sulfide undergone? Explain your answer- (2)
. ,t.'

.'f

J\\

rv

4(a) In each of the following equations, give the formula of the substance that is being oxidisedGive a reason in each case foryour choice.

\ri:' i c 5'J

(i)4NH3+3o2+2Nz+6Hzo

lti

"rc'<t*2

J;*''''

'3 l"
")

fL (C sV J ),tt,,t*,f - -f ,J. ")

t'
(iii) 2Fe + 3Clz ) 2FeCl:
( , t ,J f<
- intptr,,f-.- G
fe
t" .i)
(ii)clr+ZKr+2Kcl+rz

(b) Give the oxidation state of nitrogen in each

(O

ofde following:

t?Ji, j
t TrGz) a1' =.)

(rNo +1-

f )-t2{'fi:a e *1..in
L L+k(+t)=-tl e x,-3

tV
Gii)ryII4* -3
(ii)516,

l
1

(3)

r *rl((n ['l:clz , Cj".i Z4LL)

l'b()*

5{a) Chlorine can be produced by reacting lead(Iv) oxide

according to rhe ionic

with

concentrated hydrochloric acid

euuatiol!:t:1
) O
P?o, G) + 4rI* (aq) + zCrfaql + pb2*(aq) + s{@)+ 2HzO
0)
+2
-..t.T
1a,v{(it)tl,,ic,,k
L^-\'
(i) A/white solid is seen during
the reaction, Name the

(ii) Explain, in
reduced'

sorid.

(r)

terms of oxidation states, which is the substance oxidised, and which

1u-

ctctcl

(tt(i) u

.llo

"J

(t

t-,t(r<.<><,.1r,^" -l-

*lr,

the equatioi. ,
rybc,t r>
.ri-i a-:;ry;JiriZ"i*
*v
CIz(g)+2NaoH(aq))NaCl(aq)+Nuc{of"qlriirofli J,,,4 l_.

(b) chlorine reacts uilnrsoaium

l-vff:ild":rution u""Jaio-*,*
ret,t,"4

"

L- /

rz
lb()
(i) GivetheoxidationnumberofchrorineinNacr.andNacro.
(1)
-lt

(ii) Sodium hypochlorite

oxidislng

agenl

.,rr,

{-'

t'("r-]

"-'r

L-1

:c)

'

II

,-t:rl

Ll)z-. a^,ler;*

"

,,

t,

U*

l-t

ct[c*k, wl,-t;in

,l*'r, d",rt [cb,Q-;s

/l-

ftw r,a/h*

l-

,)

#vn
'",'' ltz- fviy,,

", kL

1
]'r't
tl"t,vve'L

( r(' ?vl*d';ot ,
^l,n

;";Jrr',1<'

'l

44

exi-Ji,,y

,y/^l

an

e)

A *t

,tr

(Naclo) is an oxid/sing agent. Describe a test for

'

solution,

{a)

Gomplete the following-

a hild,.tY'l orrn
{ii) Reductionisthelossof -0,W-ar*e
{0
(b)

oxidarionisthetoss

3N4

e+

d'5

ot hf"rya

For each of the following reactiong underline the substance being oxidised and state the reason.

ti)

Zn O"

3CO

2Zn + 3CO,

+)

CC iar*rrn',
{ii) Mg +

H.SO.

MgSOo

+ MnO"*

(iiD

trt
MnF2

ir

H,

cno.ttr*-

5.

Ll

of orygen.

+ F, +

(a) A reaction is shown below2NH" +

3Cu0-N,

ldeniify

+ 3Cu +

/1

(D oiioising auent L r't L'

{ii)

Reducing agent

(b) Explain,

Alltt

HrO

tatw:
{ la,w<t

0't

a.A/

iam'e-

f*

-3

t l C^./- c/zu**-'y- '+L+

in terms of electron transfer, if NH* undergoes oxidation or reduction.

o r'r
'J-)
D i"t C^)

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC:,,QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS,,

Section A Multiple choice questions

.t.

Which of the following substances forms a colourless solution which reacts wilh acidified aqueous
lead{ll} nitrate to give a yellow precipitate?

A-

Sodium nitrate
sulPhate
Potassium iodide
Calcium nitrate

8., Copper(ll)

- ZD.

2.

c)

A metallic ion in aqueous has the following characteristics:

l:
ll:

Forms a white precipitiate with NaoH(aq) and is soluble in excess NaOH(aq)

Forms a white precipitate with NH.(aq) and is soluble in excess NHJaq)

Wltich of the following ions best fiis lhese characteristics?

zn*

-,{B. Ca*
c.

({\

Pbz-

D. AI*

Two aqueous solutions, P and Q, are mixed together. Which of the following pairs willnotfroduce a
whjte precipitate?

3.

7Po.\

hydroxide
nitrate
C. Zinc nitrate
"'Sodium iodide
-F.
A.
B-

4.

nitrate
chloride

Sodium

Calcium

Situer

Barium

/[ /D /)

Sodium hYdroxide
Lead(ll) nitrate

The following shows a series of reactions.

('fl )

C. Calcium sulphate
D. Lead(ll) chloride

S.

Dilute sulphuric acid was added to a testtube containing unknown powderThe reaction produced a
gas which iurned limewatercloudy. Afterthe reaction has stopped, excess aqueous sodium hydroxide
was added to the test tube. A dirty green precipitate formed. What could be the unknown powder?
A. lron(lll) nitrate
B. Copper(ll) sulphate

rcn$l) carbonate
/',,e.
D. Lead(ll) chloride

(c

to the
An aqueous solution ol an unknown salt produces the following observations when added

6.

reagenhs.

Observation

Reagent

Reddish brown gelatinous precipitate

Aqueous sodium hYdroxide

tormed
Dilute nitric acid fotlowed by
aqueous silver nitrate solution

VVhite precipitate

formed

Which of the following is ifie unknown salt?

A. Copper(ll) sulphate
B. Lead{ll} iodide
C. Calcium sulphate

y'
T.

lron{lll}chloride

Which of the following reagents is best used to identify sulphuric acid from other types of acids?

A.-filver nitrate

.6-

-'c

D.

Barium nitrate
Sobium hydroxide
Magnesium carbonate

'r1lflmc:'irt*{t
a gas was produced which
when aqueor, ,rn*or@rhbride was heated gently with-aqueousY
in Y?
present
ion
the
likely
is
most
which
p#er
blueturned the red litmus

g.

A. NO;
B. co"o

'-,7

tirlg* +

rd Na;
' D. so.*

cll- -+ r\il3 r

l)c

(C"t 1 ll>C

U, . 74'*'

aqueous soditjm iodide

Two unlabelled bottles are placed on ataHe- One bottle is known to contain
solutions?
the
identify
would
test
Whicft
chtorideand the other aqueous sodium
adained lead(ll) nitrate
g. Acidified silver nitrate
C. Acidified Potassium nitrate
Aqueous sodium hYdroxide

)-

/ tK

10.

eD<cess to
folloring results is most likely to be seen when aqueous ammonia is added in
nitrate?
a solution containing coppe(ll)

\JVhich of the

A. A cloudY dark blue PreciPitate

B. A light blue PreciPitate
C,. A green Precipitate
edark blue solution

16.

-r' Section B Structured questions

1.

(a) Complete the table when aqueous ammonia is added to the following substancesSolution of
iron(ll) nitrate

Solution of
zinc nitrate
Narne ol precipitate formed

7,n.

{1.t,1., <,oL

..i./

Golour of preciPitate

t-r. i't

'

'i,r,'t

{L

Solubility in exeess aqueous

il;

!,)--'

ammonia

i ii l l1r ;[',,,?,&.,(irct,,

nitrate solution'
(b) Write an ionic equation forthe reaction between aqueous ammonia and iron(lll)

7i";r..;, o

-:,t'YY

-t-arr" ---t

T<["il)' '

2-

Complete the following table.

Formula

ol

ion

Observation when a few

drops l{a0H{aq) is added

Qbservation when excess

NaOH(aq) is added

white precipitate

white precipitate remained

L'ct

Fe*

v-{1,1,,,h

r)+
r{

y*r, yl, I

Blue precipitate

(_

3.

- $,v,v1t

r<"X|Slt

Bl

rw

btv.*a ll r<r1,t+z.lu
pt*r, y*aL- rtt,\"^)\J

.-

reagent{s) used and the obsermtions made when testing for the follorrving ions in aqueous

m"

(a) Sulphate ion

{i}

Reagent{s):

(ii)

Observation:

{b) lron(ll) ion

4.

(i)

Reagent(s)

(ii)

Observation:

:\lrfii.

/i t u-

(a) l/Vhen acidilied lead(ll) nihate is added to aqueous sodium iodide, a yellow precipitate P is
formed-

lpJt it) ;c;i;+ -

Pis

(b) ilt is a potassium satt. When the solution of M is added to acidified barium chloride, a white
precipihate N is fisrmed.

Mis
N

k"S(r
D ('/l

Dt')L'k

is

(c) When aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to a chloride solution of T, the solution
remains colourless- When warms, a pungent gas V which turns damp red litmus paper blue is
produced-

S.

Tis

NL.t,r{l

Vis

Nl/r

dilute
An excess potassium iodide was added to the soluiion obtained from the reaction between
oxide.
lead{ll)
and
acid
nitric
(a) Write the chemical equation forthe reaclion between dilute nifric acid and lead(ll) oxide-

,.t

"Tl.,['

(;-t

-*+ Q!;(.ptt)r).r.ti.it

l.lrt1 I

(b) ti) . Write the ctJlmicaf equation for the reaction between potassium iodide and the acidified
solution obtained from the reaction in (a).

AbtP'0,)-(;,,;t,t
(ii)

^-;+

'|bi, ,rt

of the

Describe the

fu.dxu rt,ec)

'r

.r--.I,

ail,lt- ; s t:Lvruf/

(iii) Write an ionic equation for lhe reaction.

-t fbl,
1, ,,,
,,

(iY)

ls this

a redox

Explain your answer.

-t 2.i-iJC,, t

Section C Free reponse questions

1.

When a mmpound p dissolves in water, it gives clear

blue colour.

,when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to p, a brue precipitate

is formed_

when F is actded to agueous sodium hydroxde followed

by powdered aluminium, it releases a gas R
upon gen{e heating- Gas R turns damp litrnus paper
blue.
when precipita{e Q is afied to a dilute acid s,-a Hue
solution T is produced- lrvhen solution T is
added to acidifed barium ni&ate sorution, a white precipitate

vs

il*"d.

(a) Deduce the identities of p, e, R, S, T and V.

(b) Write a chemicat equation fior the brmalion

of V.

2-

The diagrams betow shoru a serie of reae{ions.

Element P

which is the
main component
in making steel

(a) ldentifyL, M, N, pande.

lbl .ryrF a cfremicatequation forthe reaction between L and NaOH(aq).
(c)
write a chemiral equation {or the redrrction of N by carbon

(b
\

) EnNAc\, (1,

h)L

tl

c^9% Lry

*ono":il.

BnbD4o

ut

|LL(N

o* t3)

Lon (tt) x$a4e:

N'I

C '

6'

Jan(t ) le/ny',ktrvn

Yiol{tn

iv)uol;L
iron

Brudt* sd'fule'

'f,*(ot+)z */ + )'lq'Sas ult

(b) ?e70rr3, o &N^aLl t"Xr A
tt) Tuu9 t r ff-|---+ >f* { scb>

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMETIIT FC}RTOPIG

"ACID' BASES AND SALTS'

Section B Structured quwtions

1. (a) Defineacids.

t'"Ok

(b) Give trree propertie of acids-

{c)

with dilute nitric acid to produce a salt and water-

Sodium hydroxide

(i0

Wrfie

tfe

ionic equation for this reacticn.

0[l'til,,t ll'(/,,,u
2.

ta) Write the formula of the ion which is produced in aqueous solution of

(i) *.dd,,+
(ii) an alkali

(b) (il

Suggest a salt which can be prepared by titration method.

tlnLL
(ii)

For the salt you named in {b}{i}, suggest the suitaHe reactants-

t'/a

oH rt.J ACt

(iii) Hor do you test for the purity of the salt produced.

A sample of 4.00 g of coppe(lt) oxide was used as the starting material to prepare
crystals (CuSOoSHp). A 500 cm" of acid solution is used.
{a) Suggest a suibtde acid to be used in the preparation of the salt

5. il h*,,:-

(b)

,vi

oppe(ll) sulphate

Ll

To arroid any excess of coppe(tl) oxide or the acid, calculate the concentration of the acid to be

usedinthereadion'

q
il,L *,t }

NrX

rhDl

rtr)c*

" cuc --+ curs';4 + liLo

Cro '- 2"+:L\L.d orni.l

llrst* 'uwt<'l 'o cf m"l

i,^.i,n^,^ :

+*,-*-

J#'-

= c I *'lf'1'"1 s'
)

HrOk
t

J(

LoLl :rtoi,'1

wl^'h)n

f l'*T*
-'Y : un'l't
2 Lly
-4:,!*u
wl i
" Xi;
l';l'
- ?L,l
i,l[l'

cc1

;*: '{*-;4^P'

"4"a

:.

ytyat

l,lllLLlll<-

l-0".,1Oxltn"k;n
qi i;lW-|_|
I
}l/.\Pa-l3'. hA,l )tlap' 'l 7
_ -+_)*
4rq--l1,4kt
vp {1t-,"f,','t i-re{
6 druf, ,t t',)Jtli'{t:
'iil- ,taf
" -ftt- 4.'1ilr.l*
'd^1.4
t,' ,,i.li,J-tin'i
r4_ t4tr1A1r/
rvf'.tti1t:,;'. rr.,t I hr*l-e{ U
ll,a-',q,,litdft
I)*Nk
lV.1da ivh
t"

,W.L+t

t-.

'*i.\

r^r,t,,,,:ri'Jlr.t?Vi

9,

llvl

Jtlud:r'\ oal't

:1, '

4-

prepared by the titration method'

(a) Lithium nitrate is a soluble salt which can be

ftfr*t

tii

the suitable reactants to prepare this sali'

Acid:
Alkali:
preparation o{ this salt'
Explain why the titration is suitable for the

(ii)

(b) Lead(ll) sulphate is an insoluble salt'

(i)

Name the method to prepare forthis salt'

(ii)

Suggest the suitable reactants to produce lead(ll) suiphaie'

(iii) Write the ionic equation {or the reaction'

Aqueous sodium hydroxide is an alkali'

(a) What is meant bY alkali?

':il

1',.i:'.1

Ethanoic acid reacts with a calcium t9 fiqlf 3-sai tr-:'=

:
the salt when sodium hydroxide reacts with eiha:: : :

:=:;-'=

|l,

(b)

(c)

,,, ,i -._

|,_ r-.,;." ..i

,.t

!1
t,i"i,t:.'t\

:-. :i
--

\t-!,-l,,.,_r

'1

t!

tf,-i-

1"'' :"-

*E:tz;:--suggest the name of

1
Aqueous sodium hydroxide is gradually addet :: = -::
=:'::':-:
neutral.
(t) Suggest a way how to determine if the sa'---':'- f =!i-= '
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equaiia*

l- ': '

is
=;' ;:*! &e soluiion
:-

i:'-': :=::- :'1

PreciPitate
--.-e- rlA green
stEv' I Prr
graduaii." a=::=:
a::= i: =:-=:'-: :a:l-r-: -'-3:uhfdroxide is graduati-v
(d) Aqueous
Aqueous sodium hydroxide
!*r.?r=
solution'
r:
i*e
'.-4:*'
nriotner
qix--=is
rormeOhydroxide
-a:=*'iron(ll)
WritL a balanced chemical equat=r':'-

:;: :=::r-

(i)

(ii)

Write an ionic Suation for t}'r:s ===::=

Sec'tion C Free response questions

i.

potassium chloride can be prepared from the reaction between aqueous poiassium hydroxide and an
acid.
(a) Suggest a suitable acid.
i
.
iUi wtG a balanced chemical equation for this
icj oescr6e fully how you would prepare pure potassium chloride crystals from these starting
materials.
(d) Writeanionicequationforthereaction;... :i
,;.1 ri'-r.-.,

': i

reaction'

-'-

,;l

2.

,, --..

(a)
(b) Dilute silver nitrate solution is slowly added into aqueous hydrochloric acid solution'
',": "rri"
Name the product formed.
'
iiit Oescribe tullv how you woutd obtain the pure dry product from the reaction'1.o mol/dm' oi
o.s rnoyam' sooium'hydroxide was used to react with
(c) i"'" Inr"o*, ,i.ri
"i
"*;
acid.
dilute trydrochloric

(i)

(0

Writeachemicalequationforthereaction.

iii) O.t"r*ine

'""'''

!t:

''

the volume of acid that is needed to neutralise the sodium hydroxide completely'

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMFNT FOR TOPIC:,.SALTS,,

Multiple-Choice Questiors

1.

which of the following pairs can

A
B
b'u'D
2.

be used to prepare potassium sul{ate?

Potassium and dilute sulfuric acid

Potassium and aqueous sodium sulfate

Loornrs potassium hydroxide and dilute sulfuric acid

Aq.r"or* pot*.si r* chloride and aqueous sodium sulfate

reaction and a colourless gas

Dilute sulfuric acid was added to a salt. There was a vigorous
hydroxide was added
was evolved. After the reaction had stopped, excess "qi"oot sodium
be?
salt
the
ro rhe mixrure and a green precipitate ii iormed.'What could

,"

,A
B
C
D
3.

Iron(tr)carbonate
Iron{III) carbonate
CopPer(tr)sulfate
CopPer(tr) carbonate

'Which

of the following chemicals could be used to distinguish between aqueous copper(Il)

sulfate and aqueous zinc nitrate?

'A Sodium hydroxide solution

,..3 Barium nitrate solution
A l and 2only
C 3and4only
4.

Ammonia solution
Silver nitrate solution

Z ar.d4 only
1,2and 3 onlY

\_".D

An aqueous solution of compound X reacts with sodiurn hydroxide solution ro form a white
precipitate, but it has no reaction with aqueous ammonia solution.
Vhen silver nitrate solution acidified with nitric acid is added to solution X, a yellow
precipitate is formed. Name the salt presenr in solution X.

'*K. Calcium iodide

C Zinc iodide

5.

t-)

'Which

A
C

B
D

Calcium nitrate
Zinc sulfate

of the following pairs of gases changes the colour of moist red litmus paper?

Ammonia and carbon dioide

Carbon dioxide and chlcrine

r-.,V
D

Ammonia and chloqine

Carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride

+.

t't',.
i

- ,-iri.l

..:-i
I

i*t'ti+'t

'/
\I

',i-'J:L,',i-i,-:i-'

l\r,{;i

r-

'''i'

r'.

'

.i

'

.:

,,

i .( -;1..
l
-J

/
:l

i;i'i':

-tr'

\1-

,.'

.,

t-,
,

*'.' \'-4r;t; I

r'"1'

; ',.,j., i ;" 5 ','i

.',,;;l
,
"-;::
r.4,,:.]_,
,i1,,.;;l,l[ :::::,ii:;
,,;:
l:,:1
,,,
r;1|y
!:".i,
= F'l?

ir,r,:

u )'')a("r'r' ' -/J

' 1r,5.''L.yrr,\ e' * tv) '11;'tl f 'il{-"i'!:':''''{
i .. ,11
r,:t,,,ll,.la * ln'i l):lJ. (.t')
t (.,.) li l :f * ,\r.,(1r.1;l
. t,,l
''r")t
r
lt
.l

,,

I ,7t

t,ir
l &'.'
!

'-t

r-

!"':

-);

'

)Jt

lt

l"' ,' -'L 't{

'l'
'

al',1'ltl

' 7;

t- "';

( ": :

;1
-i.

i
-"i (;i1

-ti'ttt]"riS
:'n1"1 fh'tt'4i[;t^ 5,]:
**ar,t-, trtutl't'f';/'':'1"^'"1;.!nl"=-"Jx)-"N"t'lt')d{["i/1ttt^i
s11;r;' -r,r{n,7-tl'; ,'l!''

,1,,.rh

c.r1f

,,tt,t:7;;:;.i

:jt

(s4:em g)
-,fuoleroqel

-s,,z.l?'l!
looq3s 3rp

'"',:,,,

/'"
;-t/,lr'.tilrt'\
..<
- '4'rri'\
g'u'.'.'

'
t,
)'j')\) bs J-l 17trt

L'i
*li >niit I --l'"''i
hl)"l}"{Tli\
1l'rt-t't \;t'7 5'

(r'

I ( 'l t ?

ul sJersln alerru umrpos a{aur ol r{og dgagq agrrf,saq (q}

(s4reur g)

'palelrdna:d are;ps umrreq Jo ssBtrr agl alBInslBD 'Pr:e 3lmflns ruP{o1u 0'I to
ue u1
furf, 00I 01pappB sr uol}nlos sprrolqf, rrmrrBg frrrp/[olll 0'I,o su3 0'sz luautJadxe

7)

(s4reur
(U)pual ol alruoqrpc ig)pea18url:aauo:.ro1 pa

lo^rr

sdals

a{t

(t]

'L

-'elurIns
alrrl[ (r)
ol suogenba

^\ogs
f,rrrol atp ary16 (41}
uopenba
eqr
roJ
uousear
7)
'areqdsogd
1)
ui3orprtq umrposrp ql,'& spEar apgorp,(q unrpos uaqoo pacnpord t*s aW eurgN (III)
'areqdsoqd
lqrrur T)
ua?orpr(q umlposlp sarnpord legl uocf,ear uorlzsrleJlnau aql :o; uoBrnba aql aryrl\ (X)
lIEs P Prr? Pr?eue qloq q rr ,(qr'r ureldxg ti)
(sryeur 71
(s4-ruru
(>1ieur

'{111Xq) rrr

''OC4fuN

sr

aleqdsoqd ua8orpdq rumposrp ro

(qreu 9)
.

,rJ"f '-"1Yf -1''"

. -""1.14il-

alellns

.* ->,r:ii;\] A
r#nl i/t{ \1,,r,';11 ,{ -'4t't *. ")\,iNlqJ {be)13e9
t,f ,', J '!r{ 't,a * -4u,,r, ]Dlt{ti,,f?
a4ql+s,:Tg.,sf tF!
f rusIlreg,.
arnd aql uptqo ot po$rW ?lregqa:r
,.1i,.1.

Blnurrol3r{I
umrqlfi

(q)

(m)

atBr{u eurT {u}

aplrolqf,

pBe'I (l)

5P.Be?q$1,IsS,,

'e.rnlxlur
uortrscar agi urort rps amd eq1 urrlqo pForra nod moq dgagq aqmsa( 'qes agl aredard
ot papaau Sua8ear puof,es ary +sa88ns 'uonetedard rles 3urmo11o; 3rI1 ,o gf,ea uI

(e)

'9

ssousaalr Derruf,rut(

t)

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPTC: 'SPEED OF REACTION"

Section A Multiple choice questions

1.

Two experiments were carried out according to the lollowing conditions:

Experiment l:
Experiment ll:

400 cm"of 2.b mofdm'HCI + 4o0 cm" of.!5 moildms NaS"O"

10o cm'of 8.0 moudm" HCI + 100 cm" of 8.0 mol/dm" Na.S,O,

The initial speed of sulphur formation and the total mass of sulphur collected were measured in each
experiment. Which of lhe following resulb is conect?
Speed of sulphurformation Total mass of sulphur collected
I is taster than ll
Same
I is slowerthan Il
I is less than ll
I is faster than ll
I is less than ll
D.
I is slower than ll
Same

A.
BC.
2.

(e/

Two different conditions were set up for the decomposition of trydrogen peroxide to invesiigate the
speed of reaction.
The graph below shows the results of two different conditions usedTotal volume

curve X

of oxygen

)l'lr0>

+r,,*

curve Y

C>

T ,q.C

t).e+a"{

) n,"tfd:
N,l'ffi^>
.r 0.rrE

Same am-ount of hydrogen peroxide is used in both experiments. tf curye X conesponds to 40 cm" of

2{tlblldfif , which of the conditions best frts curve Y result?

A- 10cm"o@,LnoUdm" Nrl , , ,,4

-. B.

/',) \
' l) .t

. d'et)
C. 100 cm' of 1 moVdm" yl1 : c i
D. 4o crn, of 4 mol,/dm"
H.,l = 0 6
1ocm'ofSmoUdm' llot

.t

3,

ln a reaction, calcium carbonate in a flask is placed on an electronic balance. Dilute hydrochloric

acid is added and a cotton wool is placed at the mouth of the flask. The total mass of the reacting flask
is recorded every five seconds.The diagram below shows the results of the reaction.
30
Total mass of
the flasklg

28
26

{il)

24
22
2A

5101520253A
Alfihich of the following times is the reaciion fastest?

5s
/ ,4.
g. 1os

C. 15s
D. 20s

40

/--!.

4.

Which of the following will not make a chemical reaction

powdereO-catbium

A-

Using

B.

fleating the solution

o{Astin
\---

/r

c. Using big size magnesium striP

uD.

5.

Using 4 moUdm" solution instead of 2 moUdm"

,/

\rrlhen an pxcess ol copperill) carbonate reacts with dilute sulphuric acid, the reaction becomes
slower greduafiy. lt finallY stoPs.

Which of the following reasons best explains why this happens?

A. The copper(ll) carbonate is coated with insoluble
Bt The copper(ll) carbonate does not rea* well in dilute sulphuric
coppe(lD carbonate has caused the acid to be used up completely.
-r'C. The
The copper(ll) carbonate has completely used up in the reaetion-

salt.

acid.

(,' t/^

6.

Aqueous hydrogen peroxide decomposes to yield water and oxygen according to the following
equation:

,i

FLO,

2H,O

O"

The following two experiments were set up to measure the speed of oxygen production from the
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
, .-.,
toO cm" o(0-54nol/dm" H,O" solution is used
Experiment l:
200 cm3 ql 0.1 moUdm3 H"O, solution is used
Experiment ll:

\--,

Vt/hich of the following graphs best shows the resutts obtained?

.4.
Total volume

of oxygen

B.

Total volume
of oxygen

c.
Total volume

of orygen

D.

Total volume

of oxygen

/1

tn*nic,yRe
NHr-

"f":ti'J"lo"*"""
A. NHuto
7- -- ' 3
-B. NH,toNOf
c. No,ro NO; =---\-.--$\ -J- t

7.

-,D'
8.

beins reduced?
,

*-(t4
'P -7

-xs *v ht n5

t'i-i -

i >)

, 15

Which of the following reactions is not a redox reac'tion?

+ Ha
A..Ea + 2HCl

*CaCL

ugo + 2HCl-Mgct + Hro

"-6.'
C' ZHBr + F" 'ZHF + 8r'
D. Cu + +HNO"-Cu(NO.), + ZH,A + 2NO'

9.

Whicfr of the following definitions ol reduction is conect?

Oxygen
n. Galning
Losingl
- B.
C. Gaining
D. Gaining

HYdrogen
Losing
Gaining
Gaining
L""iU

Electrons
Losing
Gaining
Losing

'
Ga'rnrns

F'A

,7'
What result would be

)Rh

of air is collected from an industrial are9,{cnecktor the eualitv;trair'

if
obtained the air is poff uteO with sulphur

10.
-- A sample

dioxidf?

,Acidifledp"t"tlir*EctrpgqaelVry
c,eedbiE:9:'il'{ew'-'-''
B. Green to orange '

4.

green
change

C.
D.

Orange to
No

"-'Hl,i}'##*"="

Acidifiedpotassi/miodide
Brown to colourless
Colourless to brown

,'i.
r\

'L

Section B Structured questions

1.

and to 2 moydm" of sulphuric acid'

Equal lengths of zinc ribbon were added to 2 moUdm" nitric acid
in
the solution'
Wiren the-reactions has stopped, zinc ribbon still can be seen
reaction'
torthe
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation

(r1

(b)

* lft?t,/ '*' (,::.*-:)

Explain your answer'

ln whicfr reaction woutd you expect the speed is laster at the start?

,,;r-

,,",*t

t-r

(c)

(i)

How would You increase the

acids?

ll,,'.'i ':t,i'rtr,'t

of the reaction without changing the concentration ol the

,i"4/

you named in (cxi) can make the

(ii) Explain, in terms of the collision theory 6ow the factor
go
iasler?
reflction to
l;1,_sfuL'.',r

,l

7;,Ll

,1'

lr,,,l-

r
t

'L

,.;f "u ,u;l

fu

i,u
I
,/!-iAt{'
.,,
a
fivs
i
LJlu:t
t
',
!1
I

,l-

t .'.
-r'.!.n'u
t:*i,4
.r'- i{i-6/i

;a-''Jt#
).\

,,.

,\l , L!t,
!

,j

(xL'l

Z.

Sulphur can be made by the reaction behveen hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate as shown in
the following reaction:

zHCl{aq)

Na"S"O.(aq}

2NaCl(aq)

+ SO,{aq) +

S(s)

(a) State two ways to increase the speed of the reaction-

lK-

hrri
(b)

itf r^fi. vt I i,ttrt_t,N- Lrrr*

9'olwhc,u3

In this eperiment, 1O0 cm3 of 0.5 moUdm'hydrochloric acid is added to 1O0 cm" of 0.5 moUdm"
sodium thiosulphate. Explain why the reaction stops.

l|Lt

*)

t &"

iL hul

vYp

i r'vb {irvt,

How would you test for the presence of sulphur dioxide?

An experiment is set up as follows to measure the speed ol reaction between coppe(ll) carbonate
and dilute hydrochloric acid.
cotton wool

reaciing mixture
balance
(a) Write a balanced chemical eguation lor ihe reaction.

i"tJ-i., -f >,1/ i

4 lt^tl, t ([. r

(b) The cotton wool is placed at the mouth of the flask to prevent any spillage from the content of the
flask.What is the objective for doing so?

O /i)'tjvYryf I

{c) The results

ad LLL[',,ji./

nti

rilliLt

of the investigating are shown below.

Time/min

Loss in mass/g

0.20

0_30

0.35

0.38

o.40

0.40

(0

Plot a graph of loss in the reacting mass against time on the axes provided.

(i0 From the graph, suggest the mass loss one minute afterthe reaction.

when the reaction has stopped.

(iv) Sketch the curve on the same graph you would expect to obtain if $wdered coppe(ll)
carbonate is used instead of lump coppe(|}) carbonate.

(d) Suggest two other ways, besides using lump copper(ll) cadlonate, to decrease the speed of this

!' ('\)fll
lt)

(i')

!,

j
'

tl
t-

- -i';,*1".,

()

NAME:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC: "ORGANIC CHEMISTRY"

Multiple-Choice Questions
W'hich of the following statements about alkanes is truel

1.

A
B;
,;tC
D
2.

(c>

All alkanes are saturated hydrocarbonsAll alkanes have the same physical properties-

When the hy&ocarbon C.H* is added to aqueous bromine,

Br.

trE
"D
3.

there is no colour change

the colour changes from colourless to brown

the colour changes from brown to colourless

a white precipitate is formed

Ethene and ethane

A
B

4.

E.

are both trnsaturated hy&ocarbons

react with steam to give ethanol

(c)
(D)

contain the same number of hydrogen atoms

burn in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide

The process by which ethene and hydrogen are obtained from petroleum

"{B
C
D

5.

Some alkanes contain a double bond.

Some alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.

is

called

(B)

cracking
&actional distillation
hydrogenation
substitution reaction

A vegetable oil is described as polyunsaturated. Which statement about this vegetable oil is

u)

correct?

,,,*
L,,'
B
C

It forms a solid compound on hydrogenation.

It burns in air with non-smoky flame.
It contains many double bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
It produces margarine when it reacts with steam in the preseoce of nickel catalyst.

Structured Questions

6. {a) Identify the following hydrocarbons:

(i) crH. [.f"*''*
(ii) CrU. 3'uyu''<{iii) CoHro ,i,u}ro.r(iv) C.H* F,.ite nc-

(v) cH3f,lcH3,!;,r^1r1r"

icu,l
lt-*rl')r"f

'

(5 marks)

7. {a} Therearethreeisomersofcnr\.Drawtheirsrructnres.
(b)

Under suitable conditions, bydrocarbon X reacts with srcam to form ethaaol.

(i)

Write the strucnrral formula of X and ideotify X.

State the suitable conditions for this reacrion.

{ii)
(c)

(3marks)

(2 marks)
(2 marks)

The relative molecular mass of an ursaturated hy&ocarbon, Y, is 54. It is found that

13-5 g of Yrequired 0.5 mol of bromine for complete reacrion.

(i)

Hour many carbon-carbon double boads (G-C) are present in one molecule of I?
{2 marks}
Sr ggest the strucaral formula of Y.
(2 marks)

(n)

-t l-l=L-

(a)

(-C=C

C*C=C-C

.-"c-

ID tit -c=:(ii

(c) (; )

,3,ra',

illuoz-6t'xbn, fh*f

Nt rq r"'l

Lonc(v') au'cl

rlY,oul' ""'&- = a 25 *ul

,tu,hr('rl\ F,, = dL5',r':

F'' t
'u"al wlh I 'n"[ ?
bc'nds
t'L
'f u*h"tu 2
!l,r'u,, ?vtt twW'L'1

g,aclt

( ii

,'- *"'l

wil

) -L ,l - I ,; -' *r,u

mott,.rlw'

, (Axril1

8-

,)Y

(6*tS - 5? I

Pure ethanol can be obtained by the following series of reactions.

Stage

(a) ti)
(ii)

'ry@

Dilute ethanol

--"+>

solution

State the process

in stage 7. trer'nw,'{r'd^ln

{c)

(n)

(d)

1.

{1mark)
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
(2 marks)

Explain how 95"/" pure erhanol is obtained in this process.

Ethanol can also be obtained from petroleum fraction.

tm'+Y@'tr@
j
*

**

{i}

Nt^lfiuLracby

"Ad'l't;t't-

sl*'ttn'

{iii)

the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs

tol

;s ,* obft'"'l ,i''t stzy

ytitfw-

t:zr"th;+
ilup) u)[y./L St6p-

(c)

'f"

e+Lerc''

state the pr#esses that-take place during sLge 1 and stage

(ii) Name the alkene produced in stage 1. (rlhttte'Write

$1fi",,e- dht

(l) h"*l'"'r''J

(i)

hrttrr?

'Lsfi|"rtt'rr

eltv^t:L

C',t'ol itn
dtvr"l

-s

(1 mark)

write lhe,chemigal equation f^orthg reacrion rhat occurs in srage

Exprain*t;k::l^vdlff"?s*,Y,1!;:y"J,1.r",1,
(i) State the pracess in stage 2.

(b)

CAVa [1ro

rnttiS

tyrl5ovl

i'

'ol$h}^

stage

2.

{2 marks}
(1 mark)
{1 mark)

hrr*e. yu^+,i: btU,l' *d Jr^'nl'tk''

drlhuU ,v14

LN+^iw

in

2.

lfi/^ lt /
7

N"V TA

't)+'
./'*
\;:;;
'ovvt
l'tfitU\

Qil*-ct

W'ol tttd.thtoa'
'

on 'Y"L'':l

f*-

6-

State the o3Eld_c

pSdscls formed and identify the organic compounds A, B, C and D irr the

follorving reactions.

(a) A+NaOH+HCOONa+H,O
Mg+FLO+CO,
{b} B + MgCO. ----> (CH
g}*
r1o
{c} C+C,H,OH_+
(d) D + IlCrrO7+
H+FlO

7.

{2 marks}
(2 marks)
{2 marks)
(2 marks)

A fq*r &ops o{ concentrated sulfuric acid are added to a test tube containing a mixrure of
V aad butanoic acid. The mixture is heated and a sweet-smelling substance W is obtained.
The strucarral formula of IV'is shown below.

o
ll
cH3crLCrL-c-o-cHrcH,

iai

-lEhat

{bi

'What is the purpose of concentrated

sulfuric acid in this reaction?

(L mark)

{cl

Give the name and

full strucarral formula of V.

(2 marks)

td]

Predict two physical properties of IV.

(1 mark)

type of reaction occurs in this experiment?

(2 marks)

ie] Stare two uses of W.

ifj Suggest a chemical method which can be used to distinguish
{i} butanoic acid and V.
{ii} Y and V.
(; tft)
i"

:l-r- I

l-t v- ' ,r j
,1 l
J, '-,r',

,);' i* ; /
i)u-,'

!,

y.

i,{

i '-| i'rr"rr- ;tt11 -t'ul

:li::,,:t,,,*
1-fiiir,1r:J,

(-.

Jr
/

.-'i

')."i,

t'
[ !'/

(2 marks)
{2 marks)

lr

..i,. tii,-;t!

:.:,);i:.,1ii-- ;t.;)

/)

.\ '-'rlL

t,)

((

between

,,-',r.I5y-f,lf
.

',",),,r-'-

{2 marks)

1tr.1-tt

t (fi,.ttt,! t i /l
{-z'."ilX

itit.(

-.

.l

fi

,'
(,

71t1.,L,11

(',]

.+

I \

-,\l(

.\-!. .r ! . -.
'I
,

,.

'

"-

,.t

,i

\.

l-

/.'1".'

,',-

,t,!
i I

i'- ;-rl

r,
{
jlr..t
r

l,

".. ,r'k

- L-

,,,,,

i;'t
r i''ft'

t'\l ;:'

i'

't'

l
I

,1';',

'

"'i

t''t

- t"

Styren*butafiene

*!ryt

(SBR) is a type of synthetic rubber The structures

butadiene are shown below.

for sryrene and

HHHH
II}I

C:C
tttl
c.H,

C:C

C.rL H

sryrene

buadieae

(a)

\[(hat type of reaction occurs when sryrene reacts with butadiene? Givea one reason for
your answef,.
(2 marks) ,

(b)

One possible s:trucrure for SBR is showr below-

- styrere -

butadiene

styrene

butadiene

styrene

butadiene

Give the parrial stnrcture of sBR that contains two repeat units.

(c)
(

two differences between styrene and SBR io terms cf molecrrlar structure.

State

lL(t'tt
t;,"\ o&'ttrs
n Ylw*tt;scl't't1
k [rlxo1'
t'ls:'1'Cb* 4o*br+ h'nrt tl
L

a)

(2 marks)

#al,hu

'bBcrurr<- ecntJL ,rur^c+unl

Q\fit'ai@

(2 marks)

/4h
ii

ln*'^ lyog h
)

(c

8.

C -L-^ - (_.^ -

teqs' u
I

)tyra*--;s ^'|\ w's'du*Jol

lr

Q4s a

hldn:a'*bon

lvdru"+'a
sB* ;g t- sodw';'le4
9i1re'< is ^ n*^', .:U'"n
SBK ts tw mgeroroqlQL'{a-

'

Part of a polyrner rnolecule has the following structure.

{a)
(b)

- cF, - cF, - cF, - cF, _ CF,_ CF, _ CF, _ CF, _

'Vrite

the full structural formula of the monomer from which r}e polymer is made.
{2 marks)
Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between the monomer and tlre polymer
Vrite the
chemical equation, usiag strucrural formula, for rhe reaction that occurs. (3 *arks)
rL

rt^
'Z

(a) L=c
-

rr
1l

(b)

Y
'fi

*satv"le'L
Y"':,,:X,*'Y
'**;:;;;
bruinz

us"*|e"

7t*- p'lnnu'' "" s'4*'*L

d'4Y4
i1,ut*''' * firYrttw

Fr

L'L
1,

rr

+ fi{u
u

ct

o'nl'

*
Y

'

t'ny'vul' u:rll

', _1,_ u,

'"'f'{t.'
rr

nc]-

,{ Criq+V{y
I

-a 6,tYYb

9.

One type of nylon is catrled nylon-5. Nylon-5 is made ft"*

The strucarral formula of aminohexanoic acid is shown below.

""ri""iexanoic

acid.

o
}I

H-O-6-tcg,-N-H
tu.1L.,iir,frt'*, y:lrrrtw-'t5;,1

''n

{a)

What rype of reacdon occurs when nylon-6 is produced from aminohexanoic acid?
(1 mark)

(b)

'Write the chemical equation, using surrctural formula, for the reaction to produce
(2 marks)
nylon-6.

{c}

What pype of linkage is present in nylon-6? Draw a circle around this linkage.

llrkr'*(i) State one *, i, nylon-5- y1"L;''u1 J''i'"t1 l'' n '

iii) State two advantages of using nylon-5 toinake this substance.
hntia<-

td)

li t

i bt

"t'i " "{

,i I

ir

c"* ( {!.t r) 5

_t

-N+Zr

('{.t1r}t;

-*El
.+t

1)

i{

r'- t"rl, ).L u'/-'h

Ctlt); -* i'l

-a'(

N-

-r

;-t

LI

'{'t''i'

il

Ll

i,C

IE-

:--bz

C
it

c, *(

{i

(it r)r

',t

I'J .I

t4

it

C-

c {lt,.l,

*N
I

t.l
/1

4, ['

(2 marks)
(L mark)
{2 marks)

-l

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC:

,,CHEMICAL BONDING,,

oooo
o-o o
the stmcture of a metal.

fne diagram represents

erecrron--

o o o

posirive'""-o
(a)

Use the structure to explain why metals conduct

t1l

electricity.

(b)
{c)

u)

metals.
Give one chemical property of metals.
Give two other physical properties of

tZ)

tll
,t j i
9't- 4 'L^Lt'i'in{ cl':cl4'r",
;"'lt
'
r'1"12'L,tofiol',L^::.',.','"',1,,'1,,.n
)''yr..il;'
_',,o,r.,,r,L tlr-u,ut,,u-

7* 'Ltbe'i ,-)
f;u'',1' ;',.'l"t'J
r'.t'L

tu"*Q

4'';t- al
I f;-tle'L; t'i'c' m{'lLlibt{''
rtt'
lltl
t\'ai\t-t- !i{)i'""
;':./ Tiy*'
!'^it-''," i''''l 'i'.;'i
! ;vc>i'e'|
i'li*.r lv':'"
(i ) i/tlt,t:!' ,',n'L'''L 'u 'l '' lxl i-'t- \t' !"'

(tt)

-{\
,-nl;t
/ '+1- r \----'"f\,,dre,., tt ul
!a1'.:)

,'xic}.)

--oqd",
-.
SiliconandcJronarebothinGrouprVofthePeriodicTable. (fl
{s.i;i(.

(a)

Drawadiagramof anatomof silicon,showing^bowthe

electrons are rranged aod the numbers ofprotons and
neutrons in the nucleus.
t3]

(b)

Cabon and silicon each form dioxides in which

bonding between the atoms is covalent- Carbon

the

ti"/

t (")',{T
sf
'*f'
,u',,.".i,:,,;,
[ \a*-, -,
L

dioxide I

has a simple molecular structure whercas silicon(IV)

oxide (silicon dioide) has a racromolecular structurc-

G)

Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the

boding in amolecule of carbon dioxide-

(i0

The structure of silicon{IY} oxide is drawn below.

\,,
!-t

'ruu-"

;,,-o'\;:--?i-

'

o
I

Silicon(IV) oxide has a high melting point where

carbon dioxide is a gas-

'

i's

['6'n;'l

,'

n1i,'"hu l

oxides.

(iii) Does silico*{iY) oxide conduct electricity?

Explain your answer with reference to its
t5l
stnrcture.
ct;L
h-.'''L'
'-''t5tl'u"',tn)
flll "-u-*'t
-tfiur,,,

;'t

''"i' '""'lJ bt''k""t ':'t,

",i-

,'-.'t..
I

'^

i"l

;@*)

',;

''ult"
+r' ht-,+ ,t
ll*;
i lhv
'li.,- ,rJ'l''""'t"'t r(r
, i
r

Explain this in terms of the structure.s sf the two

,r"'n: tvt''l

o**

-t'--

t..L.'l ,: .){n-: -''-rl

'ltl-t"'i

UY*r,

,..,1

"1r'r ,r'i--

i'
!r^ J'0;,\tt:t't'

i.,,,'t t\lj;'v '{l '"' '; J'--u( It

t[' i*ait"'ll7
'lv,r Jili,,* fiv''6 lhria"

-siI

as

( i,l

'

,,r. ,:"'

'

;[. ,', '''u'

l,:

6l'""rt

o rrl,l,!,, '1't'

",

,:,,,,,.;,

l("
''* L

'l

-s'

'ur'

r'/
.

l,

-{l*'t

!'* ''

12 Diamord and gaPhire arc altotropes of carbon. They

are both

composed of macrornolecules-

Damond
Diamond
ta)

GraPhite

Explain the meaning of the following tenns-

(ii) macromolecule

(i) allotropes
(b)

121

Graphite is used to make lubricants for ergines.

Explain, in terms of its stnrcnrre, why graphite can act
12)
as a lubricant

(c) Cive one use of

hardness.

p,ft)Altrtafc ,

diamood which depends on its

tll

a,"c- ,L)ir"c"'l

tJ 1h2

!':t 4tV'^
t'.nt
,' .,
St,t,L*
"t"
I
,ldv "';'1n'|'Y''n nL ]L'r;'" l*f,"",:::r::,,'
'

n!le-.
( ir

a!:'o4

o;

h'0""'

lli.tet*[u,

'n

4fu-

"

iat'w cwm't"' I

{
rL#;f,i'
!

1,,,;r^rr
Lvv ' -r'
nu*tt'' ',1
g l'';" o llk' ;

6rd silicon carbide are both macromolecules' Part

lcture of silicon carbide is shown below.

\^L
I
I

--a--fi--r/-

li/l\

ta) (i) Sta" oo" difference

between the stmctures of

silicon carbide and diamond.
State one similariry between the structures of

(i,

silicon carbide and diamond

(b)
(c)

{21

carbide-

Suggest two physical properties of silicon

QJ

Silicon carbide is raanufactured by the reduction of

silicon dioxide with carbon.

SiO, +

(i)
(iii

(d)

3C

2CO +SiC

State one source of silicon dioxide-

What mass of carbon is needed to make 20 tonnes

I4T
of silicon carbide?

Silicones are pol5rmers that contain the elemenr''

silicon, oxygea, carbon and

hydrogen-

..

Suggest the names of three combustion products oJs'

{1"i

silicone polyrner.

b) 0)

r:*n

(t*l+'rt dru"t

1'", 'h*n.n| u'ti'i

t'c'r!d)'
hY ':ltt'tr' t;'v"ul
t5 ()
/ , r tjlw/vt+._)
li
"';
a'Ja'i

";lo"t
l'',)|ku' 'dhot
t''''L"
l', 5iltci+r 1"1'tL' e'"'Lc.
,'
,l r':1r"tc[
Jt
iLrr{ c"!-

rlir+;- ({vv'

i'

bil'rc"'!'

^iur''l'n'a,

4:,,.-l.d /L

cti-r'rl

i;) ) .L,L b:tlt

gr"riv rrlrt,,
btntl

>

t'
veV ,rj^

Lw,t

( L') 5 ilrttit TttbtN-

,t'u

- |

.9u'h'sft''l-<

I r ) t',) ,.lr{u 1c"l

i

,,

l-'la;t '7
I

l'D fnqnt)

fl.ti) 'l

c|
(d

.5;r-

,C

(-C,lcc

. I
t''

nz[)(tl

'

l" ,w[^I

i,xt.2
,1 J,L '
- 41', {r,t'n;.''>
I
)t
-t
'Jo nr'Jc
ri'r-'LI

('-'l'r

= ii

) t'ii$tr ,' {t'abtrt

'ftttt1J-')

h'"'t-s

.L'1';cli

Sllicatt t$artdt-

ill Tb table gives inforraation

substance
copPsr

about sore subsances.

point

electrical
coaductivity

solubility ir
water

very hish

good

insoluble

higt vcry hign

poof

insoluble

rtrelting
poitrt

boilinC

hi*

magnesrum very

oxide

high

hieh

poor

soluble

low

lorr

poof

insoluble

eod

issoluble

very high very high

hish

E
(a)

low

hish

poor

insoluble

loc,

p$or

very solubk

Brylain, in terrns of its structure, how copper conducts

lu

electricity.

{b)

(i)

Which one of the substances could be methane,

cH4?

(ii)
{c}

td)

Draw a 'dot and cross' diagram to show aII the

electrons in a methane molecule.
t3l

Which one of the substaaces could be sodium chloride,

NaCI?
t1l
(i) Magnesium oxide has the same lattice structore as
sodium chloride"
Draw the lattice structure of magnesium oxide.

(iil

Magaesium oxide has a very high melting point.

Give one use of magnesium oxide that depends
os this prolErty.
t3l

(o) t'fln' *n''{

iOe? rtt
'1, +V)
, prt eladrons

L\ | se^ .X Jclnu*)
I

'\lw*-

Lb>

(i)

:Y

/ul+ron>

,*v**,k

('il )

((,)

r1r

7(
?i1l . ---Pulp,

(,1) (,)

/J4 4- ll
I

ll-' -

J,''"'

i/-l --/
(

i,) \t 't 'A oe

fa),T"dTW rar{utz't
)lt
,l1r1.

ftto\t4

&-

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC:,?MMONIA,,

1.

To maximise the yield of ammonia in the Haber process, experiments were cai:ied oul
with varying temperature and pressure- The results were shown in the graph below:

Yield

o/o

80

Ammoniaro
50

s)
40

30
2$

5{X} ahoepheres
4{X}afuospherm

10

3@afumpheres
200 atrospheres

500

600

Temperature (oC)

!!ot 3'Ll- +

2N,ls

ammonra.
Lyr\f bd"^
{'' "tlq'u^ u r 4 f""dhpt
(b) what are the sor:rces ofthe raw materiar
;forthisProcess?
ilr, .1ri^ f*#V e,@L1
(c) State the two essential conditions required for the process.
{2)
(1)
(d) State what happens to the yield of ammonia when W" C , MA t'h*
itbfli@ (1)
ohxt<'ase) 7
(i) the temperature of the reacrion is increased :
J'.*d
f;otl,
(a) Write an equation with state symbols for the manufacture of

'"1

(ii) the pressure of the reaction is increased. trgw

(e) Name the catalyst used to increase the rate of this

(f) Give oneuse of

ammonia *ffu

reaction.

"n'i*'a"

ytvc'
Nilra

(1)

jeliiu;

(1)

)sLr
Mv
IE
ftl

/m2

f t6"1 .

and hydrogen
-: l1
At certain conditions of ternperature and pressure' 15% of nitrogen
o{
tonnes
2'80
when
react ro form arnmonia. Vhat is the mass o? **morri, produced
nitrogen react with excess hydrogen under these coaditions?

+1),r* LNils

,J*
J.9

blrnry

->?
d.,
Since-

*rl,." tr4;'

c 1t

rt/.

, lfilr

' lrlr

-,'

ginw 19/ ,l N,

Tnctl

112-

1
r

at

16

Ntlt

y"J*,*l

K toqr, clco
2-.tsa, a t'cJ ,vt.l

: -7Wfu
= q--4il
^

3,foc'"J
3.).1"n-

Ll,

A mixrure of 4.0 g of ammoniumchloride and calcium hy&oxide is heated. The ammonia

produced is passed into aqueous sodium hydroxide of concedration 2.0 mol/dm3. What is
with the ammonia
the volume o{ sodium hydroxide solution required to react
produced?

d.

Ntf*ct

-o $n(ou\2

c,cL *)ru,t,

', tlzo

kor
tt.o

il, ,! iwi

11

yd*''

: C* \,/

,,/
V- -

Vbl**

NP,)

ss{-- = o.t'lt+T&6 *.1

- o"a1tf"l1 i-,1

.L

50.cl,l

l ,Td

; zl.,Y u*3

()

NAME:

DATE:

ASSESSMENT FOR TOPIC:'EL"ECTROLYSIS,,

Section A Multiple choice questions

'1.

Which of the following staternents is conect when an aqueous solution of coppe(ll) sulphate is
epe{ro$sed between platinum electrodes?
J. Oxygen is discharged at the anode.
B. Hydrogen is discharged at the cathodeG. The mass of the cathode remains constant.
D. The mass of the anode increases.

?.

(/. )

An electrolysis is shownf,_

-, [:1
I

Iffi
lH
tEl
l'Ll

tr] /

F
til

Ll
u rI

r__-____:_-/

Which of the following particles are responsible for the conduction of electricity through M and N?
A.
B.

C.

t-/

3-

M
Negative ions
Electrons
Positive ions and negative ions
Electrons

N
Positive ions
Electrons
Electrons
Positive ions and negative ions

(p)

When an aqueous copper(ll) sulphate is electrolysed using inert electrodes, which of the following
half ionic equations corecily represents the reaction occuiring at the anode?

A. Cu'-(aq) + 2e'
Cu(s)
B, Cu(s) * Cu"(aq)
- + 2e-

--' H,(g)
,,8:4off(ae)-2H,o(t)+O"{g)+zleC.

ZH;(aq)

+ Ze-

/\YU )/

Which of the following prod.ucts are formed respectively at the cathode and the anode during the
electrolysis of concentrated magnesium chloride between carbon electrodes?
A.

B/.

.4.
D.

5.

Anode
Ghlorine
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Oxygen

Cathode
Magnesium

Orygen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen

(\-

During the electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution, hydrogen gas is released at the cathode
and oxygen gas is released at the anode. Which of the following conecUy represents the reactions
that take place at both electrodes?

Anode
A. Heduc-tion
.Oxidation
/ -.8.
C. Reduction
D. Oxidation

Cathode
Oxidation
Reduction
Reduction
Oxidation

rb )

6.

ln which of the foflowing cefls would the burb be expected

to be the bri,ghtest?
A.

electrolyte

7.

when a constant currentis ailowed to pass through aqueous

copper{fi) surphate using copper

:l-T,I"":tr,j1-t':Jyf:g-":ry_.llll::rtll*
mass of
copper cathode

B.

mass of
copper cathode

c'

mass of
copper cathode

D.

mass of
copper cathode

,:.

rJ.irg p6"",wiii&, .ii'in" i"uowins graphs correcgy

-p6!;;ffi;;'y#;

The following diagrams show lwo circuits'

8.

molten Y
solid Y
up in both circuits?
what must be Y be in order to have the bulb tight

A.
B.

lodine
Sodium chloride

G . Sugar

-d.'
s.

tron

the cathode if an iron spoon is to be

which of the following substances should be used as
eleliroplated with tin?

,r(
-'B.

tron spoon
Platinum

C. ].in
D. Carbon
10.

yields 16 g of calcium and 9'6 g of titanium'

During an elec*rolysis, the same quantity of elec'tricity
What is the charge on thetitanium ion?

A. 1+
B. 2+
C. 3+

,l . tf -* ') ;'---->

Clt

{++

1;"'r

':
L'ti"'l

"

**

l'.i

/.!r,'

,I

-4',

"-+

LI

" .1
; , t tel

4t

,' Lfi-"

-,

V)
Section B structured questions

1.

ta) (0

I
I

I
I

acid is electrolysed'
Name the product formed at the negative electrode when dilute sulphuric

ll4dn;ti,t tt;,)

(ii) Wriie tn6'naf hnic

)n'a,+,
{b)

-. ,"-U *-l
t

equation for the reaction taking place at (a)(i).

2.

solution are electrolysed

A dilute sodium lr,rrue solulion and a concentrated sodium chloride
products formed in b1'ft
the
for
tabfe
iJfowing
lhe
Complete
quantity
electricry.
of
With the same
inert electrodes.

Productat anode

Product at cathode

Dilute NaCl

0*W,-

W'y*

Concentrated NaCl

tnliina

___
2'

Dirute surphu""

(a)

Wrfte dovn

*g

isan ebcilotyte. tt can corduct

electricity in aqueous.
i*" p;;;;;'F*,*or.

al r,"

(b) State the products you

would expectto

(,)

the anode

"*

(i0

(c)

Write ttre orrerilt

k.ud'

3.

equation forthe electrolysis

of dilute sulphurie acid-

--t )tl.tkil + f.y1ci t

+l-*')4,
*,4''-[,)4;t--/

The diagram show a simplified

structure of a dry cell.

4 tltc

.-t

),!.

ammonium chloride
thin plate
of zinc

)lly+

_ ---,

t, r illvo

)tl, + tr.

carbon rod

manganese oxide and

powdered carbon

Ilr"lrY cefi has the foilowing reactrbns rakino Ptace

ot
vvhen it is working normafty.
!lJ. }ri" ptate ot iinc: in61--jr;'-*14'
(ll)
The carbon rod:2NHj' *
z"r_*-eii"
+ H.

*'

:#.|.n*t

t"'"**
T

which of the positions, r

or il, acrs as the negative
erecrrode in the dry

lwi s o^iliouol

(b) ldentify the electrolyte

in the dry cell.
(c)

(d)
a,rr"

time?

clirilw o, tr-,; l'lu-pi,55 6l,zt,av;t

,irln" *"9,r at the carbon rod
a reduction? Explain your
_>

(e)

1('t

'lle-

cy,cL$,.,i

,hk .

,^. A^.

ansi,er.

t t+
3-Nfl
,

&c'tYtlf.L

4.

The following equation represents changes that take place during electrolysis'

2Cf
-CL+2eCu"+2e-+Cu
.*Cu*+2eCu
2H'+2 'Hz
4OH- .+2HrO+Or+4a
By using these equations, answerthe follorrring questions.
(a) write one equation which represents an oxidation. Explain your answer.

?Ct" --t (tz -r k-

elle,tl,u-

(b) Write the two hali ionic equations when a dilute

Al- LA^,,,!,, ytr.r

fie

(c) Write

(d)

chloride soluiion is

reaction thal can only take place in the electrolysis of a concentrated solution'

Write the reaction that takes place at the cathode during the elec{roplating of copper on the
surftace of an iron spoon.

Cr!'r fu

5.

2e," *r ilv

ir

-1".

The diagram shorvs a simplifid fuel cell. One of the electrodes is lead, and the other is a metal N.
The metal N is one of the iolloring metals:

Aluminium
Copper
Calcium
Lead

Znc

(a)

Give an equation forihe reaction that takes place in this fuel cellwhen the metal N is zinc-

Zn

(b)

(r." .+ 2t-u a>+

State the type of reaction, oxidation or reduction, at the lead electrode when the metal N is

ti) aluminiurn,4*bh*t'' }xict$"it

(ii)

M,fl,fro"lucfi'w

copper

(c) Sugg

st the identity of metal $l in the following table.

VolkqelV

Mekl H

2-54

"a
L/4-

'1.95

0.00

ttl

{ih

0-20

r*i- 0.75

Lrt

rl
(

'1'

,,Xr,uu'

11
' i,

-2 >f "'

.. v

--+ 179
I
'n ia'v*
. 0, .,, \,/
{r
*tnL
-c
f
v
11 I

f;,yyr,
3

-- u La V

Section G Free response questions

'1,

A concentrated sodium chloride solution is electrolysed by using inert electrodes.

(i) Suggest the suitable electrodes(ii) Give the half ionic equations in both electrodes.
(iii) Would the result be the same if a dilute sodium chloride solution is electrolysed instead,
Explain why the products formed at the cathode is different when a concentrated copper(ll)
chloride solution is electrolysed.

{a)

(b)

2.

(a) An electric

current is allowed to pass through dilute sulphuric acidWrite doon allthe ions present in the solution.
(ii) Write donun the half ionic equations atthe anode and atlhe cathode.
(iii) Explain why the volume of hydrogen gas collected is t$rice the rolume oi orygen gas.
Predict the products formed at the respective electrodes when an electric cunent is passed
through aqueous sodium sulphate.

(i)

(b)

tE')

{i)

('a#sc,n

Al crn',V.

(ru)

(ii/
(

b)

/rf t",;tlhxL " 24r + 7e- -+ t-l>

lJ. rt*- ,'*t*l' eut t*-',L w*^Li
f

duo- i-7'i1'''

'i"','"r*n
"lt-c:

r;l ,"
"''t
rct
cii:cirrJ"'l
.,, :t..'q;, ir. fu'"h'^
i',,'y""
'"
'o'o"ii'trl.
,ti.:ho.:!y
/cwa'

tl,.,:,-i;r

L'u'll*iL

,r,,\

Lil- -a (1, + 2<-

i^r I r/
(,.../
/'tr,
tt

ft"r 'niw
I

,.,

I{t , "t.n90,,

rb)

ff

?'"

&nt',41

1)l ;'t,tht:tte

'',
t

,'l

rek'n;''-' Y "''l 'l r'L'/r"ir-i;

,ft
,i, ,t rllt:,rtv' I ^'"1 tj iLrt'''''")

ti

,*tr ''l' nolt ,-) C, ,'i )

/t

(\kl1,r ri;J) ,vL,S)

'J .'
,,' ] {(L(
- ,,u*-l
hr,,+y'i' :''|'\

rntL''';1

l> t'

/
liv("c'

_f
tr