p1m6150 Well Control Policy Manual

ARPO
ORGANISING
DEPARTMENT
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
TYPE OF
ACTIVITY'
ISSUING
DEPT.
DOC.
TYPE
REFER TO
SECTION N.
OF
STAP
PAGE.
92
6150
TITLE
WELL CONTROL POLICY MANUAL
DISTRIBUTION LIST
Eni - Agip Division Italian Districts
Eni - Agip Division Affiliated Companies
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter Drilling & Completion Units
STAP Archive
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter Subsurface Geology Units
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter Reservoir Units
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter Coordination Units for Italian Activities
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter Coordination Units for Foreign Activities
NOTE: The present document is available in Eni Agip Intranet (http://wwwarpo.in.agip.it) and a CDRom version can also be distributed (requests will be addressed to STAP Dept. in Eni Agip Division Headquarter)
Date of issue:
28/06/99
Issued by
REVISIONS
P. Magarini
E. Monaci
28/06/99
C. Lanzetta
A. Galletta
28/06/99
28/06/99
PREP'D
CHK'D
APPR'D
The present document is CONFIDENTIAL and it is property of AGIP It shall not be shown to third parties nor shall it be used for
reasons different from those owing to which it was given
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
2 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Purpose of the manual
1.2.
UPDATING, AMENDMENT, CONTROL & DEROGATION
1.3.
DRILLING CONTRACTOR'S PERSONNEL
1.4.
SAFETY TARGETS
1.4.1.
Primary Control
1.4.2.
Secondary Control
8
8
8
1.5.
TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY
COMPREHENSIVE WELL CONTROL PROCEDURES
2.1.
PRIMARY WELL CONTROL

2.1.1.
Drilling Programme
2.1.2.
Detection OF Abnormal Well Conditions
2.1.3.
Kick Prevention
2.1.4.
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP)
2.1.5.
Reduced Pump Stroke Pressure (RPSP)
9
9
9
10
11
11
2.2.
SECONDARY WELL CONTROL

2.2.1.
Kick Control Procedures (Preliminary Actions)
2.2.2.
Kick Detection Procedure While Drilling
2.2.3.
Kick Detection Procedure While Tripping
12
12
12
12
SHUT-IN PROCEDURE.
14
3.1.
SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (for LAND RIGS, JACK UPS AND FIXED PLATFORM)
3.1.1.
Soft Shut-in Procedure While Drilling
3.1.2.
Soft Shut-in Procedure While Tripping
14
14
15
3.2.
SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (Floaters)

3.2.1.
3.2.2.
16
16
17
3.3.
POST Shut-In OPERATIONS
18
3.4.
PRESSURE DATA RECORDING
18
STRIPPING PROCEDURE
19
4.1.
OFF BOTTOM KICKS

4.1.1.
Preparing To Strip-In
19
19
4.2.
STRIPPING METHODS
4.2.1.
Stripping Through Annular Preventers
4.2.2.
Stripping Through Ram Preventers
4.2.3.
Annulus pressure control while stripping
4.2.4.
Stripping Worksheet
20
21
21
22
23
KILLING PROCEDURES
24
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
7.
8.
3 OF 92
REVISION
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6.
PAGE
5.1.
Well Control Methods

5.1.1.
Wait And Weight Method
5.1.2.
Drillers Method
5.1.3.
Volumetric Method
5.1.4.
Volumetric control worksheet
5.1.5.
Bullheading
24
24
26
27
29
30
5.2.
horizontal well considerations
30
5.3.
FLOATING RIG CONSIDERATIONS

5.3.1.
Effect Of Choke Line Length
5.3.2.
Influx Removal From BOP And Riser
31
31
32
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
35
6.1.
BOP STACK SYSTEMS

6.1.1.
Land Rigs, Jack-Ups And Fixed Platform
6.1.2.
Floating Rigs
35
35
36
6.2.
BOP CONTROL SYSTEM

6.2.1.
6.2.2.
Floating Rigs
37
37
38
6.3.
CHOKE MANIFOLD
39
6.4.
INSIDE PIPE SHUT-OFF DEVICES
39
6.5.
MUD GAS SEPARATOR
40
6.6.
diverter equipment
40
6.7.
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
42
CASING AND BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS
43
7.1.
GENERAL PROCEDURES
7.1.1.
Test Recording
43
43
7.2.
BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS

7.2.1.
Land, Jack-Ups And Fixed Platforms BOP Pre-Deployment Tests
7.2.2.
BOP Tests After Installation
7.2.3.
Surface BOP Testing Procedures
44
44
44
44
7.3.
FLOATing RigS
7.3.1.
BOP Tests During And After Installation
7.3.2.
BOP And Seal Assembly Tests After Setting Casing
7.3.3.
Routine BOP Tests While Drilling
7.3.4.
Routine Subsea BOP Testing Procedures
45
45
45
46
46
7.4.
bOP TESTing frequency

7.4.1.
BOP Test Durations
7.4.2.
BOP Function Tests
7.4.3.
BOP Operating Equipment Tests
7.4.4.
Kill lines, Choke Lines And Choke Manifold Tests
7.4.5.
IBOP, Cementing Manifold, Pumps And Standpipe Manifold Tests
46
46
47
47
47
47
7.5.
Casing Tests
48
7.6.
OTHER TESTS WHILE DRILLING
48
BLOW-OUT PREVENTION DRILLS
49
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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9.
PAGE
8.1.
FAMILIARITY DRILLS
8.1.1.
Shut-In Drills
8.1.2.
Choke Manipulation Drill
49
49
50
8.2.
EMERGENCY ON-THE-RIG DRILLS

8.2.1.
Potential Fire On Well And Rig Abandonment Simulation
8.2.2.
H2S Drill
8.2.3.
Abandon Rig
50
50
50
51
8.3.
WELL CONTROL DRILLS

8.3.1.
Pit Drills
8.3.2.
Trip Drills
8.3.3.
Trip Drill With Drillpipe In The BOP Stack.
8.3.4.
Trip Drill With Drill Collar Or Tubing In The BOP Stack.
51
51
52
52
52
8.4.
Accumulator Drills
53
8.5.
Diverter Drills
53
8.6.
Drill FREQUENCY AND Response TIMES

8.6.1.
Drill Frequency
8.6.2.
Timing
54
54
55
SHALLOW GAS
56
9.1.
SHALLOW GAS INVESTIGATION
56
9.2.
57
9.3.
RECOMMENDED DRILLING PRACTICES

9.3.1.
General Practices
9.3.2.
Logging
9.3.3.
Losses
9.3.4.
Cementing Operations
9.3.5.
Drilling Procedures
57
57
59
59
59
60
9.4.
DIVERTER SYSTEM OPERATIng PROCEDURES

9.4.1.
Diverter System
9.4.2.
Diverter Test (before start of operations)
9.4.3.
Diverter Procedure
61
62
64
64
10. H2S DRILLING PROCEDURES
65
10.1. Emergency Safety Plan
65
10.2. DUTIES OF PERSONNEL

10.2.1. Manager Or OIM
10.2.2. All Personnel
10.2.3. Eni-Agip Drilling Supervisor
10.2.4. Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher
10.2.5. Driller
10.2.6. Mud Engineer
66
66
66
66
67
67
67
10.3. OPERATING CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES

10.3.1. Condition 1 - Pre Alarm
10.3.2. Condition 2 - Alarm
10.3.3. Core Recovery In Presence Of H2s
10.3.4. Well testing in presence of H2S
67
67
69
70
70
10.4. Emergency Condition

10.4.1. Emergency Operating procedure
73
74
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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10.5. ACTIONS TO TAKE FOR THE CONTROL OF AN EMERGENCY
75
10.6. EMERGENCY TEAM
75
10.7. DELIMITATION OF THE POLLUTED AREA (onshore)
76
10.8. PERSONNEL TRAINING

10.8.1. Safety Meeting
76
76
10.9. H2S Prevention drills

10.9.1. Alarm Drills
10.9.2. Emergency Drills
10.9.3. Drill Frequency
77
77
78
78
10.10. H2S DETECTION SYSTEM

10.10.1. H2S detection in air
10.10.2. Sensor Ranges
78
78
79
10.11. BREATHING APPARATUS AVAILABILITY

10.11.1. Standard Equipment For All Rigs
80
80
10.12. CASCADE SYSTEM
81
10.13. USE OF BREATHING APPARATUS
82
10.14. ADDITIONAL safety features
82
10.15. INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE OF DETECTION/PROTECTION SYSTEMS
83
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
6 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
1.
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
This document replaces:
STAP P 1 M 071 - WELL CONTROL POLICY FOR LAND DRILLING UNITS (Chapter 7
of General Drilling Procedures for Land Drilling Units)
STAP P 1 M 6033 - WELL CONTROL POLICY FOR JACK UP AND FIXED PLATFORM
(Chapter 13 of General Drilling Procedures for Self Elevating Mobile
Offshore Drilling Units - Jack Up - and Fixed Platform)
STAP P 1 M 047 - WELL CONTROL POLICY FOR FLOATER (Chapter 38 of General
Drilling Procedures for Floating Drilling Unit)
1.1.
STAP P 1 M 11 -
SHALLOW GAS DRILLING GUIDELINE
P 1 M 6035 -
DRILLING PROCEDURES FOR OFFSHORE WELLS IN H2S

ENVIRONMENT
P 1 M 6039 -
DRILLING PROCEDURE FOR LAND WELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF

H2S
PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

The main purpose of this Well Control Policy is to make all parties, involved in Eni-Agip
Division and Affiliates drilling and completion activities world-wide, aware of the Companys
basic rules and procedures related to Well Control Policy issues.
Nevertheless, the policies in this manual, while being compulsory, cannot foresee all aspects
of the operations that may be encountered on the well site.
It consequently requires oneself to conform to the principles of this policy in dealing with
unexpected situations different from those planned or anticipated.
Such Corporate Standards define the requirements, methodologies and rules that enable to
operate uniformly and in compliance with the Corporate Company Principles. This, however,
still enables each individual Affiliated Company the capability to operate according to local
laws or particular environmental situations.
Company regulations and/or Petroleum Industry world-wide accepted practices do not
substitute for government regulations, nor is it possible to include all of the issued
governmental regulations inside one Company general policy statement.
Part of the duty of Company drilling personnel operating world-wide, includes verification that
actual Company policy meets with any and all local regulations, ensuring that the most
stringent of the policies or regulations between both apply.
The Drilling Contractor will issue their own Operating Practices and Emergency Procedures
which shall be applicable to the Drilling Contractor's rig and equipment specifications and to
meet with the intent of Eni-Agips Well Control Policies.
The Drilling Contractors Operating Practices and Emergency Procedures shall be
submitted to, and approved by, the Company before the contract commences.
For floating rigs, details have to be provided of the marine riser tensioning and the practical
operating motion limits of the rig, beyond which drilling, tripping, handling BOP and testing
shall be suspended.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
7 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
1.2.
PAGE
UPDATING, AMENDMENT, CONTROL & DEROGATION

This is a live controlled document and, as such, it will only be amended and improved by the
Corporate Company, in accordance with the development of Eni-Agip Division and Affiliates
operational experience. Accordingly, it will be the responsibility of everyone concerned in the
use and application of this manual to review the policies and related procedures on an
ongoing basis.
Locally dictated derogations from the manual shall be approved solely in writing by the
Manager of the local Drilling and Completion Department (D&C Dept.) after the
District/Affiliate Manager and the Corporate Drilling & Completion Standards Department in
Eni-Agip Division Head Office have been advised in writing.
The Corporate Drilling & Completion Standards Department will consider such approved
derogations for future amendments and improvements of the manual, when the updating of
the document will be advisable.
1.3.
DRILLING CONTRACTOR'S PERSONNEL

As clearly stated in Eni-Agips Contracts, all Drilling Contractor personnel shall be proven to
be competent and able to act with diligence in a safe and workmanlike manner according to
good Oilfield Practices.
Within the terms of the Well Control Policy, this means that each crew shall be completely
familiar with the installation, operation, care and maintenance of every item of equipment with
regard to the mud system, trip tank, surface and choke manifold, mud/gas separators, valves,
instruments, pressure gauges, indicators, volume meter, BOPs and their operating units.
Key personnel such as Rig Managers, Toolpushers, Tourpushers, Drillers, Assistant Drillers,
Subsea Engineers shall have the fundamental theoretical knowledge on kick and blow-out
control techniques and also hold a current Well Control Certificate issued by an accredited
industry training institute recognised by Governmental bodies and the Company.
Furthermore, it is required that each member should be familiar with every item of equipment
used in well control. The minimum personnel knowledge and capabilities required for a crew
member to be considered competent is:
To have sufficient knowledge of all the equipment in order to be able to determine

when operating functions are not working properly, and consequently, take all
necessary remedial actions to reinstate full functionality.
To have sufficient knowledge of operating procedures in order to be able to react
in due time, understanding completely what is occurring.
To be able to correctly interpret the various abnormal situations and take the
appropriate remedial steps of action.
Carry out basic calculations, and use the results in order to safely manage any
occurrences.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
8 OF 92
REVISION
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1.4.
PAGE
SAFETY TARGETS
Maintaining the well under full control at all the times shall be the main safety target. This is to
be achieved by applying appropriate principles and techniques aimed at providing the
following well control phases:
1.4.1.
Primary Control
During drilling operations, a mud hydrostatic pressure will be used to exceed or overbalance
the formation pressure and prevent the formation fluids from being able to enter the wellbore.
1.4.2.
Secondary Control
When primary well control has been lost or compromised and formation fluid enters the
wellbore, the blow-out prevention equipment and procedures will be brought into action in
order to re-establish primary control and safe operating conditions.
1.5.
TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY
The primary concern of all parties involved in drilling hydrocarbon wells is to maintain full
control of formation fluids at all times, preventing their migration into the wellbore. When
occasions do occur when formation fluids enter the wellbore, proper actions must be
implemented to control the influx and restore safe operating conditions. The basic rules,
practices and techniques used to achieve these goals are found from:
Well Control Policies.

Local regulations.
Drilling programme.
Operational rules and emergency procedures.
Methods and means to permit an early detection of abnormal situation.
Inspections, tests and maintenance of prevention equipment.
Personnel theoretical knowledge, training and skill.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
9 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
2.
COMPREHENSIVE WELL CONTROL PROCEDURES
2.1.
2.1.1.
Drilling Programme
Primary well control is at first achieved by the implementation of a properly prepared drilling
programme, based on pore pressure predictions ( Refer to the Overpressure Evaluation
Manual). This information should allow the proposed well targets being reached, protecting
personnel, rig equipment and Company assets.
The Company shall provide data and information derived from:
Wells previously drilled in the same field or in the same area

Seismic surveys
Geological information
This data shall be analysed in order that an appropriate drilling programme can be compiled.
The Drilling Contractor shall receive a copy of the drilling programme in advance so as to be
ready to make rig personnel familiar and acquainted with the risks of the variant well drilling
operations involved.
Primary well control depends mainly on the use of correct mud weights, proper operating
practices implemented, as well as the accuracy and control of constantly gathered data;
These data should be correctly interpreted and timely reported.
Drilling for kicks is not permitted, i.e. underbalance drilling operations and definitely
never allowed on wildcats under any circumstances. Underbalance drilling shall only be
allowed after approval by the Company Drilling Manager through the implementation of an
authorised detailed drilling programme or other written instructions.
The casing point, type of casing to be run in hole (grade, weight and coupling), types of
preventers and their working pressure, will be selected in accordance to the predicted
pressure profile, planned mud weight and required safety margins.
2.1.2.
Detection OF Abnormal Well Conditions

Qualitative and quantitative methods have been developed for accurate detection of any
abnormal conditions occurring while drilling (refer to the Drilling Procedures Manual).
Generally these methods are subdivided into the following groups:
Use of previous field history and drilling experiences (depth of flowing zones, pore
and fracture gradients, types of fluids, permeability, mud losses and lost
circulation intervals).
Physical responses from the well (pit gains or losses, increases in drilling fluid
return rates, changes in flowing temperatures, drilling breaks, variations in pump
speeds and/or standpipe pressures, swabbing, reduction in mud densities, effects
on gas shows and pit gains due to pipe connections, short and round trips, hole
problems indicating underbalance).
Chemical and other responses from the well (chloride changes in the drilling fluid,
oil and gas shows, formation water, shale density, electrical logs, drilling
parameters equations and MWD/LWD readings).
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
10 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
2.1.3.
PAGE
Kick Prevention
If primary control is lost a kick will be experienced. Common causes of kicks are:
Swabbing in of formation fluids while tripping.

Failure to check that the hole takes or gives up the correct volume of fluid when
tripping.
Encountering abnormal formation pressure.
Having insufficient mud weight.
Loss of circulation leading to reduction in hydrostatic pressure.
It is the responsibility of the Drilling Contractor to keep the hole full at all times by using all the
available equipment. The Drilling and Completion Supervisor shall monitor that the correct
preventive practices are being implemented and/or conducted at all times.
Extreme care shall be taken to monitor mud volume, drilling breaks and gas cut mud.
Mud Volume Control (trip volume/active volume control)
Starting with the principle that it is the Drilling Contractors responsibility to keep the hole full
of the proper drilling fluid at all times through the use of monitoring devices and visual
observation, the Drilling Contractors crew shall continuously check the following:
While tripping, the well takes or returns the correct amount of drilling fluids
according to drill pipe displacement.
While drilling, the drilling fluids level in the circulating mud tanks alters in
accordance with the mud chemical treatment and/or penetration rate.
Quick detection of any change in the monitored well parameters, allows fast reactions to be
taken aimed at a timely solution of problems, therefore:
a)
While drilling:
b)
Pit level rising, indicates that formation fluid is entering the wellbore.
Pit level falling, means that the mud pumped is being taken by the
formation. In the case of the mud level dropping in the annulus, the pressure
exerted by the mud column decreases and consequently formation fluids
may enter the borehole.
While tripping in and out of hole:
The piston effect occurring between the drill pipe and the hole may lead to
either surge or swab pressures acting on the formation. In both cases,
variations in hydrostatic pressure may cause the well to kick, even if the
correct mud weight is being used.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
11 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Drilling Break
Any time a drilling break is noticed, drilling shall stop (ensure no more than 1.5m or 5ft is
applied into the break) and a static monitoring of the well shall be carried out.
If the well is static, the Company Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor will
decide whether to circulate bottoms up or resume drilling.
If the well is flowing, the correct shut-in procedure will be implemented as quickly
as possible.
Gas Cut Mud

Gas cut mud may be a possible warning of taking a kick, so investigation of pore pressure
should be made when background gas and pipe connection gas is higher than normal.
With the presence of recurring pipe connection gas, and increasing background gas, a short
trip should be made before pulling out of the hole, especially in over-pressured zones.
2.1.4.
Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP)

For each phase of drilling, the MAASP value depends on the following factors:
Mud weight.
Minimum formation fracture gradient below the shoe.
Minimum casing burst resistance on the last casing string.
The MAASP shall be defined by the Company's Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor,
either after setting each new casing string or whenever the density of the drilling mud
changes.
The MAASP value of fracture gradient at every casing shoe depth shall be, either, stated in the
drilling programme or derived from a leak-off test.
In order to avoid casing burst or formation breakdown during well control operations, the
MAASP shall be clearly written on a Kick Control sheet which will be posted near the choke
control panel.
2.1.5.
Reduced Pump Stroke Pressure (RPSP)

The Driller is responsible for carefully measuring and recording the RPSP. The normal
circulation flowrate shall be reduced approximately to 1/3 in 121/4" and larger hole sections and
1
/2 in 81/2" hole sections. Awareness of these values is an important element in killing
operations, in order to avoid formation breakdown.
RPSP must be taken at the following times as a minimum:
Once per tour, or every 300m (1,000ft) intervals.

When there is any significant changes in the mud weight or mud properties.
Whenever changes occur in the dimension and characteristics of the string, i.e.
change in BHA, jet size, jet plugged or jet lost, etc.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
12 OF 92
REVISION
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On floater rigs, the RPSP shall be measured by circulating, first through the riser and then
through the choke/kill line. If circulating through the choke manifold, the adjustable choke must
be completely open. On wells in deep water, at least two or more reduced circulating rates,
pressures and corresponding choke line pressure losses should be recorded plus the
pressure losses through both lines used in parallel.
The RPSP pressures must be measured on the choke control panel gauge or on the gauge
which would be used during well control operations and recorded on the IADC report.
2.2.
SECONDARY WELL CONTROL

The first indication of a kick may be one of the following:
2.2.1.
A pit gain.
A drilling break.
Increased flow across the flow line and shakers.
Gas or water cut mud returns.
A drop in pump pressure or increase in pump strokes.
Swabbing on trips (the well is not taking the right amount of mud to compensate
for pipe volume).
A total loss of circulation.
Kick Control Procedures (Preliminary Actions)

If there is an indication of a possible kick occurring, the Driller shall follow the kick detection
procedures outlined below.
2.2.2.
Kick Detection Procedure While Drilling

1)
2)
Stop drilling. With the pump on, pick up kelly or top drive to a predetermined position, i.e.
with the tool joint clear of the preventer sealing element (and with the lower kelly cock
above the rig floor when drilling with a kelly).
Shut off the pumps and check for well flow by visual examination on the bell nipple or
flow line.
a)
If the well is not flowing:
2.2.3.
Immediately notify the Company Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor and
Drilling Contractor Toolpusher.
The Company Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor will decide whether to
circulate bottoms up or resume drilling. The penetration rate will be limited as long
as the cause of the abnormal situation is undetermined. Always be aware that
some hydrocarbons (gas or oil cut mud) may rise to the surface. Ensure that the
proper monitoring and safety systems all in place.
b)
If the well is flowing:
Close the well as per the Shut-in Procedure (refer to section 3).
Kick Detection Procedure While Tripping
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
13 OF 92
REVISION
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1)
2)
PAGE
stop tripping, install a full opening safety valve (lower kelly cock).
fill up the hole if required, and check for flow.
a)
If the well is not flowing:
If no indications of swabbing or incorrect filling have been observed resume

tripping with extreme care.
If swabbing while tripping out is observed: run back to bottom, circulate bottoms
up, check for samples and consistency, increase mud weight or condition mud, if
required, resume tripping with extreme care, it may be necessary to pump out
pipe.
b)
If the well is flowing:
Close the well as per the Shut-In Procedure.

ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
14 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
3.
PAGE
SHUT-IN PROCEDURE.
Eni-Agips standard well shut-in procedure is the Soft Shut-In Procedure, unless local
legislation or third party contractors accepted procedures dictate otherwise and is agreed
upon by the company.
The soft shut-in procedure is intended to minimise the stresses induced on casing and the
formations during the first step of well control.
This procedure requires the choke line to be opened first, the bag preventer closed, and then
the choke slowly closed.
The choke manifold and choke/kill line(s) valve positions during drilling operations shall be as
follows:
The remotely controlled power choke on the choke manifold in a half-open

position.
The outer choke/kill line (hydraulic) valves on the BOP in the closed position, while
the inner valves will be open.
The choke manifold gate valves upstream of the remote power choke and the
valves downstream of the choke to the Mud Gas Separator in the open position.
The driller must hold a record of the tool joint spacing so that a tool joint is at working height
above the rig floor and clear of the annular sealing elements, after shut-in.
The correct distance at which kelly/top drive is to be pulled above rotary should be posted on
rig floor near the BOP control panel.
3.1.
SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (FOR LAND RIGS, JACK UPS AND FIXED
PLATFORM)
3.1.1.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Stop drilling. With the pumps on, pick up the kelly or top drive to the predetermined
position so the tool joint is clear of the preventer sealing element (and with the lower
kelly cock above the rig floor when drilling with a kelly).
Shut down the pumps and check for well flow.
Open the outer (hydraulic) valve on the choke line at the BOP stack.
Close the annular preventer.
Close-in the well on the remote power choke at the choke manifold. The remote power
choke is for regulating pressure only, and does not isolated pressure, therefore,
immediately after the choke is closed, the gate valve upstream of the choke must be
closed to ensure that the well is effectively shut in.
Space out the string and close the upper pipe rams.
Record drill pipe pressure, casing pressure and pit volume readings and calculate the
inflow volume. If a float valve is installed, the SIDPP will be derived by pressurising the
drill string until communication is established with the annulus.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
15 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Well Shut-In
If well pressure plus RPSP exceeds 75% of the rated working pressure of the top
drive/standpipe, then use a circulation head and possibly the cement unit.
In some cases it may be considered appropriate to open the ram preventer and to keep the
string moving through the annular preventer during the control operation to prevent stuck pipe.
Moving the string through the preventer may only be carried out if well control is not
jeopardised.
When killing a well, first priority is to safely execute the well control operation. Potential hole
problems have a lower priority at this time and will be dealt with after the well is killed.
Use Of A Top Drive
When a top drive system is used in combination with stands, it should be possible to
disconnect the string at the rotary level to be able to carry out operations which require a tool
joint near the rotary table, e.g. installation of circulating head, wireline lubricator, etc. For this
purpose a float valve or a drop in sub (preferably a retrievable type drop in valve) should be
used to allow disconnection of the string below the lower IBOP of the top drive.
3.1.2.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Stop tripping. Install a full opening safety valve (lower kelly cock) in the open position on
the drill string and check for well flow. If this is not possible due to the velocity of the
flow, stab on the top drive if in use.
Set the tool joint at the correct height above the rotary table .
Close the safety valve.
Open the outer (hydraulic) valve on choke line at the BOP stack.
Close the annular preventer.
choke is for regulating pressure, not for isolating pressure. Therefore, immediately after
the choke is closed the gate valve upstream of the choke must be closed to ensure that
the well pressure is effectively closed in.
Space out and close the upper pipe rams.
Connect the kelly or top drive and line up the stand pipe manifold.
Record drill pipe pressure, casing pressure and pit volume readings and calculate
If the decision is made to strip back to bottom, open the pipe rams and continue as per
the Stripping Procedure ( Refer to section 4). Otherwise start to bring the well under
control as per the Killing Procedures ( Refer to section 5).
Well Shut-In
If well pressure plus RPSP exceeds 75% of the rated working pressure of the top
drive/standpipe, then use a circulation head and possibly the cement unit.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
16 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Use Of A Top Drive

During tripping with 31/2 DP in 7 casing, the normally installed 73/8 OD lower IBOP and the
73/4 - 8 OD crossover do not allow stripping operations, due to their large ODs. In this case
avoid making-up the top drive at first.
3.2.
SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (Floaters)
3.2.1.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Stop drilling. With the pumps on, pick up the kelly or top drive to the predetermined
position so the tool joint is clear of the preventer sealing element (and with the lower
kelly cock above the rig floor when drilling with a kelly). When picking up the drill string,
the compensator will stroke fully open.
Shut off pumps and check for well flow.
Open the outer fail-safe valve on the choke line at the BOP stack.
Close the uppermost fixed size pipe rams. It is only acceptable to hang off on variable
bore rams, if the tool joint will rest on ram blocks and, not on the fingers.
Close the ram locking device, if not automatic.
Lower the drill pipe slowly and land tool joint on pipe rams. The lower kelly cock should
be accessible taking in account rig heave and tidal conditions.
Move the compensator to mid stroke position and adjust to support the string weight
above the hang off rams plus a nominal overpull of 15,000-20,000lbs. (7-9t.)
Bleed off the well pressure between annular and ram preventers via kill line. Observe
the well to verify that the rams are holding. Open the annular preventer.
Use Of A Circulation Head

The use of a circulating head is mandatory when the drill string motion compensator is not
operational or when circulation pressures are expected to exceed the working pressure of
Top Drive/standpipe. Support the drill pipe and circulation head assembly using constant
tension winches or a tensioner if necessary.
Use Of A Top Drive
When a top drive system is used in combination with stands, it should be possible to
disconnect the string at rotary level to be able to carry out operation which require tool joint
near the rotary table e.g. installation of circulating head, wireline lubricator, etc. For this
purpose a float valve or a drop in sub (preferably a retrievable type drop in valve) should be
used to allow disconnection of the string below the lower IBOP of the top drive.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
17 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Deepwater Well Control Operation

Consideration must be giving to the possibility of the presence of a gas bubble above the
BOP at the time of shutting-in. For this reason shut in procedure in deepwater operations
should be modified as follows:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
3.2.2.
Shut-in the well as per the previous procedure above.

Open the diverter lines and close the diverter to prevent gas entering the work area.
If the well is flowing at the diverter line close the lower annular preventer.
If the well is still flowing, pump fluid to the diverter to prevent riser collapse caused by
gas expansion and discharging mud from the riser.
If the well is static at the diverter line, open the diverter and continue from step 6 of the
previous procedure above.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Stop tripping. Install a full opening safety valve (lower kelly cock) in open position on the
drill string and check for well flow, if this is not possible due to flow, stab on top drive if in
use.
Open the outer fail-safe valve on the choke line at the BOP stack.
Close the upper annular preventer.
Connect the kelly or top drive and line up the stand pipe manifold.
If a decision is made to strip back to bottom continue as per the Stripping Procedure (
Refer to section 4), otherwise, hang off the drill string on the pipe rams, adjust the
motion compensator and begin to bring the well under control as per the Killing
Procedures ( Refer to section 5).
Deepwater Well Control Operations

Consideration to the possibility of the presence of a gas bubble above the BOP at the time of
shutting in. For this reason shut in procedures in deepwater operation should be modified as
follows:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Shut-in the well as per the previous procedure above.

Open the diverter lines and close the diverter to prevent gas entering the work area.
If the well is flowing at the diverter line, close the lower annular preventer.
If the well is still flowing provide liquid in the diverter to prevent collapse if gas expands
and vacates the riser.
If the well is static at the diverter line, open the diverter and continue from step 7 of the
previous procedure above.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
18 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
3.3.
PAGE
POST SHUT-IN OPERATIONS

As soon as the well has been shut-in, the Drilling Contractors Toolpusher and the Company
Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor will take all the necessary steps to ensure the
well has been properly secured and to implement subsequent well killing operations. The
following inspections will be carried out:
Inspect the BOP system components and choke manifold for leaks.
Check that all the valves on choke manifold and BOP system are in the correct
position (open or closed).
Check the BOP accumulator pressure.
Stop hot work and shut down any possible sources of ignition.
Check for overboard mud leakage and any other pollution.
Alert the stand by boat.
Confirm the ignition system on flare/burner booms are properly installed and
operational.
Check that the mud system equipment is working properly (in particular the mud
gas separator and degasser system).
Confirm breathing apparatus/masks and fire extinguishers are in correct location
and in operational condition.
Check that anti pollution equipment and dispersant is available on the rig.
Check that the emergency generator is working properly.
Calculate the inflow volume, the SICP and the SIDPP and fill in the Kill Sheet.
Confirm that the mud materials and equipment needed to circulate out the kick
are available on the rig.
Estimate the volume of extra mud in the pits.
Organise the duties of drill crew and Service Contractors for the well killing
operation.
Establish a communication system that will ensure the information flow among
the personnel involved in well killing operations is functional.
Organise a plan for possible personnel evacuation.
Prior to starting well killing operations, a meeting shall be held by the Drilling Contractors
Toolpusher and Company Wellsite Drilling and Completion Supervisor to make all personnel
involved acquainted with operating programme and safety procedures.
3.4.
PRESSURE DATA RECORDING

Drillpipe pressure and casing pressure must be monitored on the gauges on the choke
control panel. Low pressure gauges (which can be completely isolated when required) may
be installed on choke line and stand pipe to allow accurate measurement when low pressure
kicks are taken but must always be used in deep water operations. These gauges should be
calibrated regularly according to the QA schedule, and tested at regular intervals along with
the choke and kill line manifolds. At no time throughout the well control operation should the
gauges in use be changed.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
19 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
4.
STRIPPING PROCEDURE
4.1.
OFF BOTTOM KICKS
When a kick is taken with the bit off bottom, the following factors should be considered:
Drillpipe pressure is not a reliable indication of actual bottom hole pressure.

The position and nature of influx entered into the wellbore cannot be confirmed.
Whenever practicable, and safe the bit should be stripped back to bottom to allow
implementation of the most effective and practical killing method.
If the well is flowing, under no circumstances will the pipe be run in the hole unless stripping in
is implemented.
If the well condition or any other circumstances make stripping in impossible or unsafe, then
the bullheading, or volumetric method or off-bottom circulation may be considered.
4.1.1.
Preparing To Strip-In
Assuming that a decision is made to strip-in, then the well shut-in procedure will have resulted
in the installation and closure of a full opening safety valve (Lower Kelly Cock or Top Drive
Lower IBOP) on the drill string. Therefore, the following preparatory procedure is suggested:
a)
If a float valve is installed:

1)
Open the safety valve and check that the float valve is holding.
2)
If float valve is holding, remove the safety valve.
3)
Proceed with stripping operations.
b)
If a float valve is not installed or is leaking:

1)
2)
3)
4)
If Top Drive is installed disconnect it above the lower BOP by using the
pipehandler.
Install the inside BOP (Gray valve) on top of the full opening safety valve.
Open the safety valve and ensure the Gray valve is holding.
Leave the safety valve open and proceed with strip-in.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
20 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
The Drilling Contractor, in conjunction with the Company Representative, will prepare a plan
for conducting stripping procedures. The following consideration must be taken into account:
4.2.
Organisation and supervision of the drill crew.

How to move tool joints through the BOP.
Wear on BOP elements and control unit.
Internal drill string flow control devices (i.e. utilisation of a retrievable drop-in-dart
instead of a Gray valve).
Procedure for filling the drill string.
Monitoring of pressure and fluid volumes.
Wellbore pressures in relation to the Maximum Allowable Pressure for equipment
and the formation.
Controlling increases in wellbore pressure due to surge pressure.
Control of influx migration.
Procedures to be adopted in the event that the surface pressure approaches the
Maximum Allowable Pressure as the pipe is stripped into the well.
Condition of the drillpipe (all drillpipe protectors should be removed).
Possibility of stuck pipe.
STRIPPING METHODS
Stripping-in through BOP equipment can be accomplished by using one of the following:
The annular preventer.

A combination of annular and ram preventers.
Two ram preventers.
If the upward force generated by the well pressure acting on the cross-sectional area of the
pipe is greater than the weight of the drill string, it will be necessary to force the pipe through
the preventer by snubbing.
Stripping through the annular is the recommended method. However, the wear on the annular
packing element is related to well pressure combined with friction, due to pipe and tool joints
passing through rubber, stripping through the bag preventer should be avoided if the pressure
exceeds 1,000psi (70kg/cm2).
If the surface pressure indicates that annular stripping is not possible, then consideration
should be given to reducing the surface pressure, i.e. by off bottom circulating.
If conditions require stripping using ram preventers, the lower rams shall not be used but kept
in reserve.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
21 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
4.2.1.
PAGE
Stripping Through Annular Preventers

To prevent premature damage to the rubber element while stripping, the closing hydraulic
pressure should be reduced to the minimum possible. This minimum is the point at which the
bag just begins leaking a slight amount of mud. This mud leak aids lubrication of the drillpipe.
The pipe should be lowered through the annular at a speed no greater than 3min per stand
and reduced when the tool joints pass through the annular.
While stripping a tool joint through the preventer, the pressure regulator should automatically
adjusted to the closing pressure, allowing the tool joint through without undue force.
If the upper annular preventer fails during stripping operations and further stripping is required,
the well must be shut-in using the pipe rams and the annular repaired before continuing with
operations.
4.2.2.
Stripping Through Ram Preventers

Stripping through ram preventers should only be considered when, the surface pressure is
greater than the stripping pressure of the annular preventer or if this pressure cannot be
reduced to within safe annular working limits.
Bag-to-Ram stripping is preferred to Ram-to-Ram, unless surface pressures are such that
the annular cannot operate safely.
Whichever method is used the following points must be considered:
Is there sufficient space between the two stripping BOPs to accommodate the
tool joints.
Is there is a circulation inlet in the stack, between the two stripping BOPs, to allow
for pressure equalisation during the double opening-closure operation
Never use the lowermost set of pipe rams for stripping.
Taking the above into consideration, Ram-to-Ram stripping is only allowed with a three pipe
ram BOP configuration. A two pipe ram BOP configuration can only allow Bag-to-Ram
stripping.
Limitations for stripping operations should be previously agreed with the contractor and BOP
manufacturer.
Stripping can be conducted using variable bore rams, but the duration of this should be limited
as the stripping capability of VBRs is poor.
The well should be secured after stripping operations and the BOP cavities inspected and
refurbished.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
22 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
4.2.3.
PAGE
Annulus pressure control while stripping

While stripping in the hole, it is necessary to control the well and prevent a bottom hole
pressure increase induced by the drill pipe volume. This is achieved by bleeding off a
calculated volume of mud from the annulus. Which should be equal to the volume of pipe and
tool joints, steel displacement plus the capacity of drillpipe.
Additional mud will be bleed off to compensate for influx migration. Influx migration is indicated
by a gradual increase in surface pressure even if the correct volume of mud is being bled
from the well.
Mud should be bleed from the well at every connection. Mud bled from the annulus must be
accurately measured in order to maintain the correct volume balance and bottom hole
pressure.
Bleeding off should be done through a manually operated adjustable choke into the trip tank
as the hydraulically operated choke has an excessive delay in operation.
When the drill string is stripped into the influx in the wellbore, the height of the influx column
will lengthen rapidly and correspondingly the surface annular pressure will rise quicker.
Whether to stop or continue stripping at this point will depend on the pressure, rate of
increase in pressure and the distance from bottom. This has to be evaluated on site and
correct/remedial actions taken.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
4.2.4.
23 OF 92
Stripping Worksheet
STRIPPING WORK SHEET

Well N 3
Rig 15
MUD WEIGHT IN THE HOLE 1.75 SG

INITIAL BIT DEPTH
2000 m
STRIPPING DATA
VOLUME OF MUD DISPLACED BY 5 in
OVERBALANCE MARGIN:
120
psi
VOLUMETRIC CONTROL DATA
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE PER BARREL OF
Time
hr.min
Operations
Date and Time
10/05/85
Sheet N 1
LUBRICATING MUD WEIGHT 1.75 SG

HOLE DEPTH
2250 m
DRILLPIPE: 0.0797
OPERATING MARGIN:
1.75 SG MUD IN
1.75 SG MUD IN
1.75 SG MUD IN
MUD IN
CHOKE
Monitor
Pressure
(psi)
Change in
Monitor
Pressure
(psi)
550
150
bbl/m
psi
2.15
5"
x 8 1/2" ANNULUS: 16.5
6 1/2 x 8 1/2 ANNULUS: 26
8 1/2" HOLE:
10.8
HOLE:
BIT Depth
(m)
Pipe Stripped
(m)
(bbl)
bbl/stand
(Max)
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
Hydrostatic of
Mud Bled/
lubricated
(psi)
Overbalance
(psi)
Volume of
Mud/
Lubricated
(bbl)
Total
Volume of
Mud (bbl)
10:05
Well shut in- pressure stabilised
10:20
Drill pipe dart installed
2000
10:30
Strip in stand N 1
770
+ 120
2027
27
2.2
N/A
+ 120
10:36
Strip in stand N 2
890
+ 120
2054
54
4.4
N/A
+ 240
10:40
Bleed mud at connection
770
- 120
2054
54
4.4
N/A
+ 120
+2.2
2.2
10:45
Strip in stand N 3
890
+ 120
2081
81
6.6
N/A
+240
2.2
10:48
770
- 120
2081
81
6.6
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
4.4
10:53
Strip in stand N 4
890
+ 120
2108
108
8.8
N/A
+ 240
4.4
10:57
770
- 120
2108
108
8.8
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
6.6
11:00
Strip in stand N 5 (assume BHA has

entered influx)
950
+ 180
2135
135
11.0
N/A
+ 240
6.6
11:05
8.8
11:10
Strip in stand N 6
11:15
11:20
11:25
2000
830
- 120
2135
135
11.0
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
1080
+ 250
2162
162
13.2
N/A
+ 240
8.8
960
- 120
2162
162
13.2
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
11.0
Strip in stand N 7
1330
+ 250
2189
189
15.4
N/A
+ 240
11.0
1210
- 120
2189
189
15.4
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
13.2
11:28
Strip in stand N 8
1460
+ 250
2216
216
17.6
N/A
+ 240
13.2
11:33
1340
- 120
2216
216
17.6
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
15.4
11:40
Strip in stand N 9
1590
+ 250
2243
243
19.8
N/A
+ 240
15.4
11:45
1470
- 120
2243
243
19.8
N/A
+ 120
+ 2.2
17.6
- vl bled
+vl lubricated
N/A bled to
compensate for
pipe
+ vl
overbala
nce
- vl
underbal
ance
+ vl bled
-vl
lubricated
+ vl
increase
- vl
decrease
m/ft
m/ft
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
24 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
5.
KILLING PROCEDURES
5.1.
WELL CONTROL METHODS
All methods to be used to bring the well under control are based on the Constant Bottom Hole
Pressure concept, as recommended by API-RP 59 Recommended Practices for Well
Control Operations.
This methods requires a constant bottom hole pressure, slightly higher than the pore
pressure, to be maintained at all times throughout the killing operations in order to prevent
further influxes occurring.
The mud weight necessary to achieve control of the well, shall be calculated as a function of
the Shut-In Drill Pipe Pressure, hole depth (TVD) and actual mud weight.
Other permitted well control methods, depending on particular situations, are the Wait and
Weight, Drillers Method and the Volumetric Method.
Bullheading may also be considered when the other preferred killing methods are not
applicable. Bullheading is often an operationally acceptable permitted method in killing
producing wells, e.g. actual production wells or production well tests in cased wells.
In an order of preference, the Wait and Weight method is first, but if this is not a practical,
then the Drillers Method will be used followed finally by the Volumetric Method.
Once the method for dealing with the kick has been selected by the Company Representative
(Wellsite Drilling & Completion Supervisor and/or Drilling Superintendent), the Drilling
Contractors personnel should perform the operation following the selected method and using
the proper practices.
The Drilling Contractor's personnel must be familiar with the Kick Control worksheets
(Company, Contractors approved, or API forms) in use and with the relevant calculations
involved. They must be also be able to fully understand and implement the results of these
calculations. Eni-Agips kill sheets are shown in figure 5.a and figure 5.b.
5.1.1.
Wait And Weight Method

The well is shut-in until the mud (kill mud) can be weighted up in the pits to the required
density or the reserve heavy mud can be conditioned to the required density. The kill mud is
then circulated into the well displacing the kick. Bottom hole pressure shall be kept slightly
greater than pore pressure throughout the entire process, while the pump rate is maintained
at the predetermined rate.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
25 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Wait And Weight Killing Procedure

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
Before starting with the killing operation it is necessary to determine the Initial
Circulating Pressure (ICP) and the Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) of the kill mud
being pumped down hole. A schedule (plot and table) must be prepared in order that the
drillpipe pressure can be properly tracked through choke position. The plotted line
should be a straight line except when there is tapered strings and deviated wells.
It is important that the volume of the kill mud, position of the influx and drill string
geometry are known at all times throughout the kill operations. The key control points in
this process are: the kill mud reaching the bit; the top of the influx reaching the casing
shoe and the influx reaching the choke on surface.
The choke will be opened following the pump start up, ensuring that the casing pressure
is kept equal (or slightly in excess) of the original SICP.
The pump should be brought up to the RPSP speed slowly. Once RPSP is reached,
the choke should be adjusted until the standpipe gauge reads the calculated ICP.
If the ICP is close to the calculated value, continue with the displacement operation. If it
is substantially different, investigate the cause and recalculate the FCP.
The pump (drill pipe) pressure shall be adjusted (reduced), using the power choke in
accordance with the kill sheet graph and table, accounting for the volume of the heavier
kill mud filling the drill string. Pump pressure should not be allowed to drop below the
calculated values.
Once kill mud reaches the bit, the drill pipe pressure should equal the calculated FCP.
From now on, the FCP value shall be kept constant until the influx is completely
circulated out.
It is important, therefore, that the choke is continuously adjusted to maintain the required
drillpipe pressure. This is especially important from the time the influx reaches the
choke until neat kill mud is observed.
During displacement the pit gain will be recorded so that the position of the influx in the
well can be estimated.
After circulation is completed (i.e. when kill mud entirely fills the well and circulating
system) the pump can be shut down and the well shut-in for pressure monitoring. The
casing and drillpipe pressure will both be checked. There should be no pressure on
either of the gauges. If, however, there is still some pressure, through-choke circulation
will be resumed until the contaminated mud is removed from the annulus.
Once the well has been killed, a flow check will be carried out prior to opening the BOP.
Drilling crews must be aware that there may be gas trapped under the BOP rams,
hence safety procedures should be implemented prior to opening the BOP.
Prior to resuming drilling operations a full circulation will be carried out, with the mud
being weighed up to a suitable overbalance.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
26 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
5.1.2.
PAGE
Drillers Method
Two separate circulations are required with this method to kill a well.
In the first circulation the influx is circulated out, at a constant pump rate, using the same mud
density that is in the hole at the time of the kick. The Initial Drill Pipe Pressure must be held
constant, by choke manipulation, to ensure the bottom hole pressure remains constant. After
the influx has been circulated out at the end of the first circulation, the Shut-In Drill Pipe and
Casing Pressure should be equal, and equal to the initial shut-in drill pipe pressure.
The choke pressure during this circulation will be higher than those if the Wait and Weight
method was used. This leads to greater downhole, stress and pressures.
During the second stage circulation, the well is brought under control by circulating the
required kill mud into the hole in the same manner as described in the Wait and Weight
method.
Drillers Killing Procedure
First stage
Circulating out the influx from the well and maintaining constant bottom hole pressure:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Open the choke following pump start up, ensuring that the casing pressure is kept equal
(or slightly in excess) of the original SICP. The pump should be brought up to speed
slowly.
Once the pump has reached the required RPSP speed, record the Initial Circulating
Pressure. If the ICP is close to the calculated value, continue circulating, holding
constant pump speed and drill pipe pressure.
Continue circulating, maintaining the Drillpipe Circulation Pressure and pump stroke
constant, until the influx is completely circulated out.
The choke will be continuously adjusted to maintain constant drillpipe pressure. This is
especially important when the influx reaches the choke, and then when the mud
reaches the choke.
The pit gain during displacement should be recorded so that position of the influx in the
well can be estimated.
After the influx has been displaced from the well, the Shut-In Drillpipe Pressure and the
Shut-In Casing Pressure should read the same. If the casing pressure is higher than
the drillpipe pressure then some of the influx will still be in the annulus, or there will be
some differential mud pressure inside and outside the drill string.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
27 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Second Stage
Displacing the well with kill mud keeping Bottom Hole Pressure constant.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
5.1.3.
Once the kill mud has been prepared, the second phase can begin.
It is important that the volume of the kill mud and its position, in relation to the wellbore
and drill string geometry, are known at all times during kill operations.
Open the choke following the pump start up, ensuring that the casing pressure is kept
constant (or slightly in excess) of the value recorded at the end of first circulation. The
pump should be brought up to the RPSP speed slowly.
Displace the mud in the drill string with the kill mud, keeping both the casing pressure
and pump strokes constant, until the kill mud reaches the bit. As the kill mud is
displaced down the drillpipe, the stand pipe pressure will tend to decrease accordingly.
Once the displacement of the mud in the string is completed, the Final Circulation
Pressure (FCP) can be read on the drillpipe gauge. This pressure and the pump speed
must be kept constant throughout the displacement of the mud in the annulus, until the
kill mud reaches surface.
After the circulation is completed i.e. when kill mud entirely fills the well and circulating
system, the pump can be shut down, and the well shut-in for pressure monitoring. Both
the casing and drillpipe pressures should be checked. There should be no pressure on
either gauge. If, however, there is still some pressure, through-choke circulation will be
resumed until unbalanced or contaminated mud is removed from the well.
Once the well has been killed, a flow check will be carried out prior to opening the BOP.
The Drilling crews must be aware that there may be gas trapped under the BOP rams,
hence safety procedures should be implemented prior to opening the BOP.
Prior to resuming Drilling operations a full circulation will be carried out, with the mud
being weighted up to a suitable overbalance.
Volumetric Method
The volumetric method can be used to control the gas expansion, migrating up-hole, during
the shut-in period. This only occurs when the influx is gas.
Situations in which the volumetric method may be applicable include the following:
When the mud pumps are inoperable

The drill string is far off the bottom, or out of the hole
There is a washout in the drill string
The bit is plugged
The drill string has parted and dropped.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
28 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Volumetric Killing Procedure

In this method the bottom hole pressure is maintained relatively constant and slightly in
excess of the pore pressure whilst the gas is allowed to expand as it migrates up to the
surface.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
A constant bottom hole pressure is maintained by bleeding off mud, with an equivalent
hydrostatic head, equal to the rise in pressure caused by migrating gas. For instance if
the choke pressure rises by 100psi, a volume of mud equivalent to the hydrostatic
pressure of 100psi is slowly bled off, maintaining constant casing pressure.
Bleed off in very small increments to allow the pressure to respond by using a manual
adjustable choke and diverting the mud into the trip tank.
Repeat this process until the influx has migrated up to the BOP.
When the gas is at the BOP stack, lubricate mud into the well. The lubrication
procedure will replace the influx with mud, as the gas is bleed off at the choke.
Pump mud into the casing until pump pressure reaches the predetermined limit and
stop the pump.
Leave the well shut-in for a time to allow gas to migrate through the lubricated mud.
Bleed gas from the well until the surface pressure is reduced by the exact amount equal
to the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid volume lubricated into the well.
Route returns via the mud gas separator and monitor. If a significant quantity of mud is
returned, bleeding should be stopped, and further time allowed for the gas to migrate
through the lubricated mud.
It is unlikely that all the gas will rise to surface as a discrete bubble and it will be mixed
through the mud, therefore, will take a considerable length of time to be completed.
When using subsea BOP stacks, gas migration may occur in the choke line leading to
a reduction in bottom hole pressure. In this case, a dynamic volumetric method is used
for venting the gas from the subsea BOP, by circulating down the kill line and up the
choke line. Control surface pressure and pit gain with the choke line. Use the kill line be
used to monitor bottom hole pressure.
Note:
If the mud weight is insufficient to balance the formation pressure, it will

be necessary to strip drill pipe into the well to implement a standard well
kill method.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
5.1.4.
29 OF 92
Volumetric control worksheet
VOLUMETRIC CONTROL WORK SHEET

Well N 10
Rig
MUD WEIGHT IN THE HOLE 1.85 SG

OVERBALANCE MARGIN:
200
psi
Time
Operations
hr.min
Date and Time
CHOKE
Monitor
Pressure
(psi)
19.00
12/12/96
Sheet N 1
LUBRICATING MUD WEIGHT

1.85 SG MUD IN
5" x 8 1/2"
ANNULUS:
MUD IN
x
ANNULUS:
MUD IN
HOLE:
MUD IN
HOLE:
OPERATING MARGIN:
150
Change in
Monitor
Pressure
(psi)
Hydrostatic
of Mud Bled/
lubricated
(psi)
17.5
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
psi/bbl
psi
Overbalance
(psi)
Volume of
Mud/
Lubricated
(bbl)
Total
Volume
of Mud
(bbl)
650
100
19.15
INFLUX MIGRATING
850
+ 200
+ 200
100
19.25
INFLUX MIGRATING
1000
+ 150
+ 350
100
19.25 01.25
BLEED MUD AT CHOKE
1000
- 150
+ 200
+ 8.5
108.5
01.35
INFLUX MIGRATING
1150
+ 150
+ 350
108.5
01.3503.15
BLEED MUD AT CHOKE
1150
- 150
+ 200
+ 8.5
117
03.30
INFLUX MIGRATING
1300
+ 150
+ 350
117
03.3004.45
BLEED MUD AT CHOKE
1300
- 150
+ 200
+ 8.5
125.5
04.55
INFLUX MIGRATING
1450
+ 150
+ 350
125.5
04.5505.30
BLEED MUD AT CHOKE
1450
- 150
+ 200
+ 8.5
134
+ vl overbalance
- vl
underbalance
+ vl bled
-vl lubricated
+ vl increase
- vl decrease
- vl bled
+ vl lubricated
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
30 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
5.1.5.
PAGE
Bullheading
The bullheading method should only be considered when normal killing techniques with
conventional circulation are not possible or will result in causing critical well conditions.
Bullheading is usually only considered when the following situations occur:
A H2S influx cannot be handled safely by rig personnel and equipment.

A kick is taken with the pipe far off bottom, or even out of the hole.
Circulating the kick out may result in excessive gas rates at surface.
Kick calculations show that the MAASP will be greatly exceeded during
conventional kill operations.
Killing completed wells, i.e. actual producing wells or production well tests in
cased wells.
Major factors that will be considered to determine the feasibility of bullheading are as follows:
Characteristics of the open hole formations, including fracture gradients and

estimated permeability.
Rated pressures of casing, making allowance for wear and deterioration.
Size, location and nature of the influx.
Consequences of fracturing a section of open hole.
Bullheading should be performed with an aim of not fracturing the formation. The surface
squeeze pressure applied should not exceed the precalculated MAASP.
Bullheading procedures will be defined and decided at the rigsite, in response to the particular
circumstances which prevail, taking into considering that the mud and influx are squeezed
back downhole into the weakest exposed open hole formation. If the influx is suspected of
containing H2S, it may be acceptable to squeeze it away downhole provided that casing
profile and nature of the formation overlaying the weakest strata, ensures proper isolation. In
other circumstances, e.g. where surface permeable formations are exposed or only a surface
casing is set not ensuring proper strata isolation, this practice is prohibited.
5.2.
HORIZONTAL WELL CONSIDERATIONS

The previous described Well Control Procedures should apply at all times, however, the drill
crew must take into consideration some particular aspects related to the drilling of horizontal
wells:
a)
b)
c)
d)
When a long section of reservoir is exposed, there is the potential for large and
rapid kicks.
Large sizes of influx can exist in the horizontal section with a minimum effect on
bottom hole pressure.
Assuming that the fluid parameters and pressure are known, the most likely
cause of a kick is due to swabbing, losses, or crossing a fault.
Where swabbing of fluid in the horizontal section, both the shut in drill pipe
pressure and shut in casing pressure will be zero until the influx reaches the
vertical section.
ARPO
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
31 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
a)
PAGE
The practice of hole cleaning minimises cutting beds, which can increase the
likelihood of swabbing. Always pump out the pipe when tripping in the horizontal
section as this will enhance hole cleaning and reduce the possibility of swabbing.
Volumetric increases are the most reliable indication of a kick as pit levels and
flow rate changes will be the same as in a vertical section. Flow checks while
tripping-out do not provide a reliable indication that an influx has not already
entered in the horizontal section as migration may not occur in the horizontal
section.
If a kick occurs, due to a fault or insufficient mud weight, it is unlikely that there is
any difference between the Shut In Drillpipe and Shut In Casing Pressure when
the influx is in the horizontal section.
Until the influx is circulated out of the horizontal section there is no increase in the
casing pressure.
When killing the well using the 'Wait and Weight' method, the final circulating
pressure should be reached when the kill mud reaches at the start of the
horizontal section not at the bit.
The unevenness of the horizontal sections may also trap pockets of gas on the
high side and this may require more than one circulation to be removed.
5.3.
FLOATING RIG CONSIDERATIONS
5.3.1.
Effect Of Choke Line Length

When a kick is taken on a floating rig, the influx will be brought to surface via the relatively
small diameter choke line. This introduces major problems that are not present when BOPs
are at surface, as on fixed rigs.
a)
b)
c)
The pressure losses generated in the choke line while circulating are considered
and may cause excessive pressures in the wellbore. These pressure losses can
be reduced by reducing the circulating rate. If the circulation rate is reduced, it is
necessary to have predetermined RPSP for that reduced rate. At least two or
more RPSPs should be taken.
As an influx enters the choke line, it may cause a critical drop in bottom hole
pressure. To avoid this, as a gaseous influx is nearing the seabed, the mud
circulation rate should be reduced to the minimum in order to allow, the variations
of gas height in the choke line to be monitored following each choke adjustment,
and so maintain constant bottom hole pressure.
For deep water operations it is necessary to record the pressure losses in the
choke, kill and combination of choke and kill lines. During a well control operation,
consideration should always be given to opening both the choke and kill lines to
the choke manifold. By increasing the flow area, the reaction time will be
increased, making it easier to maintain constant bottom hole pressure. In addition,
by increasing the choke line volume, the surface pressure will be lower, thus
reducing gas velocity, erosional wear and the possibility of a surface system
failure.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
32 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
5.3.2.
PAGE
Influx Removal From BOP And Riser

It is possible that gas may have accumulated between the closed BOP and the choke line
when used for killing operations. Before opening the subsea BOP, it is necessary to circulate
through the choke or kill line in an attempt to remove this trapped gas.
Before opening the well, the light mud in the marine riser must also be displaced by kill weight
mud.
The suggested procedure is:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Isolate the well from the BOP stack by closing the lowermost set of pipe rams, keeping
the annular preventer/ram closed.
Pump mud through the upper kill line and discharge the tapped gas up the lower kill line.
Close the diverter.
Open the annular BOP and pump kill mud through the choke and kill line, replacing the
light mud in the riser with kill weight mud.
Note:
If the rig is fitted up with a booster line, the mud in the riser can be
changed out by using it before opening the BOP.
When the riser is filled with kill mud, redirect the pump feed to the
standpipe manifold, open the rams and carry out a further flow check.
ARPO
IDENTIFICATION CODE
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
PAGE
33 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Eni-Agip
Rig name............................................
Well name..........................................
WELL DATA WORK SHEET
Company man....................................
Date....................................................
MEMW
Leack-off test pressure
Kg/cm
Hydrostatic pressure
of Mud to Shoe
MAASP
Max. equivalent mud

density
Kg/ l
Vertical shoe depth
Kg/cm
x 10 =
Kg/cm/10 m
Actual mud density
Shoe vertical depth
Kg/ l
Max. equivalent mud

density
Fracture gradient
10 x
Kg/ l
MAASP
Kg/ cm
CASING BURST
NEW CASING burst
resistence
Securety factor
Kg/cm
O.D
in.
I.D
in.
Allowable burst pressure
R.K.B. - Sea Bed
Kg/cm
m
B.H.A.
Capacity
l/m
Weight
lb/ft
Length
m
Volume
l
D.P.
H.W.D.P
D.C.
D.C.
Tot
Tot
1
Casing O.D. in
Capacity
l/m
Annulus
1
D.P x CSG.
D.P X HOLE
H.W.D.P. X HOLE
D.C.x HOLE
D.C.x HOLE
Length
m
l/m
Wt. lb/ft
Volume
l
Shoe depht
Bit to Shoe volume l
Misured
m
2
Tot
l/m
Vertical
Tot
m
3
l/m
Pumps
Type................
S.P.M.
Liner size
in.............................
Slow Circulate Pressure
Press. loss to choke
Pump Nr 1
Pump Nr 2
Kg/cm
Kg/cm
Choke Nr 1
Choke Nr 2
Kg/cm
Kg/cm
Reduced Pump Stroke

Pressure
Pump Nr 1
Pump Nr 1
Kg/cm
Kg/cm
l/m
5
l/m
Bit depht
Bit diameter
Pump flow rate
l/stk
RPSP
eff.
O.D.
in.
=
I.D.
in.
M.D.
l/m
l/stk
Capacity
l/m
Kg/cm
Length
m
Volume
l
Choke line
Kill line
Riser
Figure 5.A - Well Data Work Sheet
T.V.D.
ARPO
IDENTIFICATION CODE
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Eni-Agip
Date....................................................
Well
Company
KILL SHEET
Time of
KICK DATA
SIDPP
SICP
Kg/cm
Pit Gain
Kg/cm
Gom
T.V.D
Kg/l
MAASP
m
Kg/cm
KILL MUD WEIGHT

SIDPP
Original Mud Weight Kill Mud Weight
Bit vertical depht
Kg/ cm
10
Kg/l
Kg/l
PRESSURE RECORDING
Time
SIDPP
SICP
SIDPP/TIME SICP//TIME
INITIAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE

SIDPP
Kg/ cm
RPSP
Kg/ cm
Safety margin
Kg/ cm
Time
SIDPP
SICP
SIDPP/TIME SICP//TIME
P.T.R.Fondo mare
PUMP STROKES
ICP
Drill string volume
Pump Output
Surface to Bit
Kg/ cm
l
FINAL CIRCULATING PRESSURE
l/stk
Bit to shoe volume Pump Output
stk
Bit to shoe
Kill mud Weight

l
Original mud Weight
RPSP
Safety margin
l/stk
Kg/ cm
stk
FCP
Total annulus volume
Pump Output
Kg/ cm
34 OF 92
Bit to surface
Kg/ cm
l
l/stk
stk
DRILL PIPE PRESSURE GRAPH
Pressure
DRILL PIPE PRESSURE CHART

Pump STKS
Kg/cm
psi
Figure 5.B - Kill Sheet
Pump strokes
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
35 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
6.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
6.1.
BOP STACK SYSTEMS
6.1.1.

a)
PAGE
The pressure rating requirement for BOP equipment is based on the maximum
anticipated surface pressure as stated in the Drilling Procedures Manual. Projects that
require a different working pressure in the whole system shall be agreed upon by the
Company and Drilling Contractor.
The minimum BOP stack requirements are as follows:
A 5,000psi WP stack should have at least:
Two ram type preventers (one shear ram and one pipe ram).
One 2,000psi annular type preventer.
A 10,000psi stack should have at least:
Three ram type preventers (one shear ram and two pipe ram).
A 15,000psi stack should have at least:
Four ram type preventers (one shear ram and three pipe ram)
b)
While drilling, all pipe ram preventers shall always be equipped with the correct sized
rams to match drill pipe being used. If a tapered drill string is being used e.g. 31/2 and
5, one set of rams will be dressed to match the smaller drill pipe size.
During casing jobs or production testing, the choice of pipe rams shall be defined by the
Company, depending on external diameter(s) of the casing/drilling/testing string(s) in
the operation and BOP stack composition.
c)
At least one ram preventer, below the shear rams, shall be equipped with fixed pipe
rams to fit the upper drill pipe in use. The minimum distance between shear rams and
hang-off pipe rams shall be 80cm (30).
The use of variable bore rams (VBRs) is acceptable but they should not be used for
hanging off pipe which is near to the lower end of their operating range.
Rig site repair of BOP equipment is limited to replacing of worn or damaged parts.
Under no circumstances is welding or cutting to be performed on any BOP
equipment. Replacement parts should only be those supplied or recommended by the
equipment manufacturer.
Each choke and kill line BOP outlet shall be equipped with two full bore valves, the outer
valve of which will be hydraulically operated (preferably fail-safe closed).
The minimum diameter of the choke line will be 3" ID, while the kill line should have not
less than a 2" ID. Articulated choke lines (Chiksan) are not acceptable unless
derogation is agreed for a particular application.
d)
e)
f)
g)
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
b)
c)
6.1.2.
36 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
a)
PAGE
A number of various arrangements in the position of the choke and kill line outlets are
used in BOP stack configurations throughout the oil industry. The rig operating manual
should highlight these variations, their limitations and all the potential uses of a particular
layout.
The inclusion of shear rams requires the choke and kill lines positions to be such that
the direct circulation of the kick, through the drill pipe stub after shear rams activation,
can be performed with the drill string hang-off on the closed pipe rams and holding
pressure.
On a four ram BOP stack, Eni-AGIP recommends that the positioning of choke and kill
line outlets below the lowest pipe rams be avoided as these are the like the last resort
Master Valve of the BOP stack.
Floating Rigs
a)
The minimum BOP stack requirements for floating rigs are as follows:
A 10,000 psi stack should have at least:
Four ram type preventers (one shear ram and three pipe rams)
One or preferably two 5,000psi annular type preventers (one annular
retrievable on Lower Marine Riser Package).
A 15,000 psi stack should have at least:
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Four ram type preventers (one shear ram and three pipe rams)
Two 10,000psi annular type preventers (one annular retrievable on the
Lower Marine Riser Package).
The upper hydraulic connector shall have a pressure rating equal to or exceeding the
working pressure of the bag type preventers.
The BOP stack will contain pipe rams that are able to close on every size of drill
pipe/tubing that will be run through the stack.
The use of VBRs is acceptable but they should not be used for hanging off pipe which is
near to the lower end of their operating range.
At least one ram preventer below the shear rams shall be equipped with fixed pipe rams
to fit the upper drill pipe in use. The minimum distance between shear rams and hangoff pipe rams shall be 80cm (30).
Each choke and kill line BOP outlet shall be equipped with two fail-safe, remotely
controlled gate valves, rated to the BOP working pressure. The valves shall be fail-safe
in the closed position.
The minimum diameter of choke/kill lines will be 3" ID. The function of each line must be
interchangeable at surface to be able to line up with both the rig pumps and the choke
manifold.
A number of various arrangements in the position of choke/kill line outlets are used in
BOP stack configurations throughout the oil industry, The rig operating manual should
highlight these variations, their limitation and all the potential uses of the particular
layout.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
b)
c)
BOP CONTROL SYSTEM
6.2.1.
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
The inclusion of shear rams requires choke and kill line positioning such that the direct
circulation of the kick, through the drillpipe stub after shear rams activation, can be
performed with the drill sting hang-off on closed pipe rams holding pressure.
Eni-Agip recommends that choke and kill line outlets are positioned above the lowest
pipe rams as these are the like the last resort Master Valve of the BOP stack.
For deep water operation, it is recommended to use a BOP stack equipped with an
injection line to pump methanol or glycol, in order to reduce the likelihood of hydrates
forming during well control operations. It is also recommended that pressure and
temperature gauges are located on the BOP stack.
6.2.
a)
37 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
a)
PAGE
The accumulator system should be capable of closing each ram BOP within 30 secs.
The closing time should not exceed 30sec for annular preventers smaller than 183/4
nominal bore and 45sec for annular preventers of 183/4 and larger.
Hydraulic operating equipment shall have at least a 3,000psi accumulator unit equipped
with two regulator valves, one to reduce the operating fluid pressure to 1,500psi and the
other for further reduction of pressure for bag type preventer operations.
The capacity of the accumulators should be, at least, equal to the volume (V1),
necessary to close and open all BOP functions installed on stack once, plus 25% of V1.
The liquid reserve remaining on accumulators should still be the minimum operating
pressure of 1,200psi (200psi above the precharge pressure).
The control panel shall be fitted with visual and acoustic alarms for signalling of low
accumulator pressure, as well as control fluid reservoir low level.
A minimum of two air-driven pumps and one electrically driven triplex pump is required
for charging the accumulators. The combination of air and electric pumps shall be
capable of charging the entire accumulator system from the precharge to full charge
pressure within 15min or less.
In addition to the hydraulic master control panel, the BOP control system shall include
at least one graphic remote control panel located on the rig floor near the Drillers
console. Offshore units shall have an additional graphic remote control panel located at
a safe distance from the rig floor usually in toolpushers office or adjacent to the escape
route from drilling unit. Each remote control panel shall be connected to the control
manifold in such a way that all functions can be operated independently from each
panel.
A safety device shall be installed on the BOP control manifold and remote panels to
prevent accidental operations of BOP controls such as the closure of the rams (pipe or
shear) on the drilling string while drilling or tripping.
The BOP end of the control hoses must be flexible and fire proofed.
The BOP accumulator electric-driven pump shall be connected to an emergency
source of power.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
38 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
6.2.2.
PAGE
Floating Rigs
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
The accumulator system should be capable of closing each ram BOP within 45sec and
each bag type preventer in less than 60sec.
Two complete independent control systems (yellow pod and blue pod) are required to
ensure redundant control of all stack functions.
The rig should be equipped preferably with an emergency and fully independent
acoustic control system. This system shall be used when the rig is off location or in the
event of a main control system failure. The associated subsea accumulator shall be
mounted on the BOP stack, not attached to the LMRP and should have a capacity
adequate for closure: one ram type preventer, shear rams, and for releasing the LMRP
connector.
Hydraulic operating equipment shall have at least a 3,000psi accumulator unit complete
with a soluble oil/water reservoir and equipped with two regulator valves, one to reduce
the operating fluid pressure to 1,500 psi and the other one for further reduction of
pressure for bag type preventer operations.
Accumulator capacity should be, at least, equal to the volume necessary to close, open
and close (with charging pumps inactive) all ram type preventers and one bag type
preventer with a resulting system pressure of 200psi above the precharge pressure.
The fluid volume needed to meet this requirement is the theoretical volume to close,
open and close the preventers increased by a 25% factor to compensate for fluid lost to
function the SPM valves. When a portion of accumulator volume is located on the BOP
stack, the additional precharge pressure required to offset the hydrostatic head of the
seawater should be considered.
The control panel shall be fitted with visual and acoustic alarms for low signalling
accumulator pressure, as well as control fluid reservoir low level.
A minimum of two air-driven pumps and one electrically driven triplex pump is required
for charging the accumulators. The combination of air and electric pumps shall be
capable of charging the entire accumulator system from the precharge to full charge
pressure in 15min or less.
In addition to the hydraulic master control panel, the BOP control system shall include
at least two graphic remote control panels. One panel shall be located on the rig floor
near the Drillers console, the other panel shall be located at a safe distance from the rig
floor usually in toolpushers office or adjacent to the escape route from drilling unit. Each
remote control panel shall be connected to the control manifold in such a way that all
functions can be operated independently from each panel.
A safety device shall be installed on the BOP control manifold and remote panels to
prevent accidental operations of BOP controls such as the closure of the rams (pipe or
shear) on the drilling string while drilling or tripping.
The BOP accumulator electric-driven pump shall be connected on the emergency
source of power.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
39 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
6.3.
PAGE
CHOKE MANIFOLD
a)
b)
c)
All choke, kill lines and choke manifold components which may be exposed to well
pressure shall have a working pressure rating equal to or greater than that of the
preventers in use.
The minimum recommended size for all choke lines and valves is 3 (76.2mm). All
valves shall be of full-opening gate valve types.
Choke manifold shall be equipped with at least four flow lines.
d)
e)
f)
6.4.
One line shall be capable of bringing the well return directly to the buffer manifold
and shall be equipped with two gate valves.
At least three lines shall be equipped with adjustable chokes, two gate valves
upstream and an erosion nipple immediately downstream. At least one choke
shall be remote hydraulically operated.
A graphic scheme of the choke manifold shall be posted on the rig floor.
The buffer shall be capable of diverting well returns to the mud gas separator, the shale
shaker, the burner booms or the flare line.
A choke manifold of different design from that already installed on the drilling unit, may
be acceptable but only if approved by the Company Drilling Manager.
INSIDE PIPE SHUT-OFF DEVICES

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
The Kelly or Top Drive, shall be equipped with an upper and a lower kelly cock in
functioning condition. The kelly cocks WP shall be equal to or greater than the rating of
the preventer stack in use. The upper kelly cock of the top drive shall be hydraulically
operated.
A spare full opening safety valve (lower kelly cock) that is compatible with drill pipe in
use shall be stationed on the rig floor at all times, in the open position and complete with
removable handles for ease stabbing.
Crossover for connecting the full opening safety valve to the drill collars or tubing in use
shall be also stationed on the rig floor.
A Gray type inside BOP, with the appropriate connections for the drill string in use, shall
be stationed on the rig floor at all times.
One drop-in type back pressure valve, complete with seating subs to fit the drill string in
use, shall be available. The wireline retrievable is the preferred type.
Any type of string tools installed above this sub shall have an ID greater than drop-in
valve OD.
A set of float valves, one for each size of drill collar, and one for drill pipes in use, shall
be kept available.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
MUD GAS SEPARATOR

a)
b)
c)
d)
6.6.
40 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
6.5.
PAGE
A suitable atmospheric mud gas separator, arranged with the inlet line from choke
manifold and the outlet line (discharging released gas) connected to a flare return, must
be provided.
The mud gas separator design shall be based on the liquid seal system matched to one
or more gas outlets (vent lines) leading a safe distance downwind from the well and/or
to the top of the derrick. The liquid seal ensures that separated gas vents safely without
breaking through to the mud tanks. The mud seal may be obtained by means of an
external U-tube or may be based on a dip tube extending into the trip tank.
The mud seal should be at least 10ft (3m.) high.
Vent line should not be less than 6 nominal pipe diameter. For vent lines exceeding the
length of 130ft (40m.), the diameter of the vent line should be not less than 8 to ensure
that the back pressure in the vent line does not exceed the hydrostatic mud seal.
DIVERTER EQUIPMENT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Whenever possible, there must be at least two discharge lines always ending laterally in
opposite points of the rig to enable the possibility of blowing to the leeward side.
Diverter outlets and lines shall have a minimum internal diameter of 12 for offshore rigs
and 10 for land rigs. Welded flanges or clamped connections are mandatory.
Diverter lines shall maintain a uniform diameter throughout, and should be as straight
as possible to reduce erosion and back pressure (90 or greater bends are to be
avoided). Diverter lines should be securely anchored, especially at bends and at the end
of the lines.
Diverter valves shall be full opening valves, preferably ball valves, and pneumatically or
hydraulically actuated. The use of butterfly valves is forbidden.
The automated system shall be set, to allow for the immediately automatic opening of
the discharge lines, followed by closure of the shale shaker line and before closing the
diverter packing.
In the panel, bright indicators must show the working pressure of the accumulators and
the actual pressure of the various functions. A regulator must permit changes from, the
minimum to the maximum closing pressure of the diverter seal.
Each diverter system should incorporate a kill line (including a valve) to be able to pump
water through the diverter system. Pumping water or mud through this line is important
to reduce the risk of explosion or fire during a blow out. This line is also needed to fill up
the hole, at all times, so that it can be kept full in the event of losses to the formation.
It should be possible to control pumping operations at the pumps as well as on the drill
floor.
The control system of diverter should be capable of closing any diverter smaller than
20 within 30sec, and any diverter/annular of 20 or larger within 45sec. Diverter valves
should be opened before the diverter element is completely closed.
The diverter control system should be capable of operating the diverter system from
two locations, one to be situated near the drillers position. All control functions must be
clearly labelled for identification.
When both the diverter system and BOP stack are employed as on floating rigs,
control/accumulator systems of diverter and BOP stack shall be separate units and fully
independent.
The control panel of the diverter assembly must be able to operate the diverter packing,
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
41 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
m)
PAGE
the discharge valves, the shale shaker valve (if installed) both simultaneously and/or
separately.
The telescopic joint should incorporate double seals to improve sealing capability.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
42 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
6.7.
PAGE
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
The trip tank system shall include centrifuge pumps, fill up the line, recirculating circuit
and a mechanical mud level device equipped with reading indicator easily visible to the
Driller. The minimum capacity of the trip tank should be 5m 3 (30bbls).
A mud pit level volume indicator shall be installed on each tank of the active mud
system. A continuous recording pit level indicator and totaliser, with audible alarm is
required to monitor the volume of all active pits.
A mud return indicator with an audible alarm shall be installed on the flow line.
Each mud pump shall be equipped with stroke counters.
The rig shall be equipped with an adequate degasser, to condition gas-cut mud,
installed on the mud active system.
The 5 OD standpipe manifold lines, connections, valves, and lines from the mud pump
to the standpipe manifold shall have 5,000psi minimum WP with welded connections
No thread connections are allowed except for 2" size and below.
The standpipe manifold shall be equipped with a connection which can be fully isolated
to fit a 10,000psi cementing line and fully isolated.
Two 5" OD x 19mm wall thick stand-pipes and 31/2" ID x 5,000psi WP rotary hoses,
with welded connections are required.
The rated working pressure of the cementing lines shall be the same as the BOP which
will not be less than 10,000psi. A cementing line should be connected to the kill lines.
The burner booms/flare will be connected to the choke manifold. They will be tied in
according to the safety regulations in force for the operating zone.
An air-operated, skid mounted, high pressure, low-volume testing unit, is required for
hydraulic testing of the BOP and manifolds.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
7.
CASING AND BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS
7.1.
GENERAL PROCEDURES
b)
c)
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.1.1.
43 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
a)
PAGE
Contract obligations require that all Drilling Contractor's and Company pressure
control equipment must be appropriately and regularly tested according to
legislative requirements. Comprehensive test procedures are mandatory and shall
be provided by the Drilling Contractor and authorised by Company.
Should any of the above tests identify faulty equipment, drilling operations must be
suspended and the well secured, if needed, until the faulty equipment is repaired
or replaced.
Redundancy of the BOP control system, ensures continued operation of the BOP
when there is a malfunction in the system or part of the system. However, this
does not imply that rig operations continue in the event that there is a failure to the
primary or back-up systems.
Derogations of this rule are not allowed on exploration wells or when there are
failures on essential equipment. If malfunctions occur during development drilling
or on marginal equipment, the Company Wellsite Drilling & Completion Supervisor
and Drilling Contractor Toolpusher/OIM. unanimously may decide to continue
operations, after being properly informed and documented on actual well situation
and after having informed the Company operating base Drilling & Completion
Manager and the Drilling Contractor Rig Manager.
Testing of equipment should be carried out during non-productive time whenever
possible and be properly planned to ensure that all necessary equipment is
available, properly installed and in efficient operating condition.
All pressure tests shall be performed using water.
All valves situated downstream of the valve being tested must be in the open
position.
All pressure tests shall be witnessed by the Company well site Drilling and
Completion Supervisor and Drilling Contractor Toolpusher/Subsea Engineer.
Test Recording
a)
b)
c)
All BOP tests, drills, function tests, any malfunctions, repair or maintenance to the
mud system and well control equipment shall be recorded in the IADC daily
reports and shall be signed by both the Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher and
Company's Drilling and Completion Supervisor on the well site. They shall also be
recorded in the Eni-Agip Daily Drilling Report.
All pressure tests shall be recorded on a pressure recorder chart. Recordings will
also include the volumes displaced to reach each test pressure and the volume
returned when bleeding back. Test recording charts and documents shall be kept
on board and filed by the Contractor Toolpusher.
All test records shall be made available upon request by the Company
Representative or local authorities.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
44 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
7.2.
BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS
7.2.1.
Land, Jack-Ups And Fixed Platforms BOP Pre-Deployment Tests

All BOP stacks will be pressure tested at their rated WP, prior to use, on test stumps.
7.2.2.
BOP Tests After Installation

After installation on the wellhead the following test procedure will be carried out.
1)
2)
4)
7.2.3.
Pipe rams and annular BOPs shall be tested with open end cup testers to a low
pressure of 300psi (21kg/cm2) and to a high pressure at least equal to the maximum
anticipated wellhead pressure.
Blind/shear rams shall be tested using blind plug testers to the same pressure as
stated above for pipe rams.
Where a plug tester is not available, blind/shear rams will be tested against the casing
each time a new casing string has been set prior to drilling out the cement. In this case
the testing pressure will not be succeed 1,500psi (105kg/cm2).
In all cases, the maximum test pressure for each BOP test will not exceed 70% of the
rated WP of the lowest rated item of equipment in the wellhead assembly, casing or
preventer stack assembly, whichever is the lower.
Surface BOP Testing Procedures

BOP stack, choke and kill lines shall be flushed with water prior to testing. If a heavy mud,
loaded with large amounts of solids is used, particular care in flushing of lines and valves is
required.
The wear bushing must be removed.
A cup tester or a blind test plug may always be used for BOP testing.
a)
With a cup tester, the following precautions are necessary:
b)
An open ended BOP cup tester should be used run in on drill pipe inside the first
joint of casing. An open end cup tester is required to avoid pressurising of the
casing below this point if the cups leak, hence bringing mud flow through the drill
pipes to the surface.
The drill pipe test string must be able to withstand the total load applied on the cup
tester as a function of the maximum testing pressure.
To monitor for any casing pack-off leakage, the casing spool outlet valve must be
open. The check valve in the casing spool will also be kept open by the
appropriate needle valve.
With a test plug, the following precautions are necessary:
The surface volume pumped during the test shall be carefully monitored to ensure
that the casing is not being pressurised if the test plug seal leaks.
To monitor for any casing pack-off leakage, the casing spool outlet valve will be
open. The check valve in the casing spool will also be kept open by the
appropriate needle valve.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
45 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
7.3.
PAGE
FLOATING RIGS
BOP Surface Test
The complete BOP stack assembly shall be tested at the surface on test stumps. All BOP
components shall be pressure tested to a low pressure of 300psi (21kg/cm2) and also to their
rated working pressure.
After the surface tests, all clamp and/or studded connections must be checked for tightness.
7.3.1.
BOP Tests During And After Installation

1)
2)
3)
7.3.2.
While running BOP stacks on the riser joints, the choke/kill and booster lines from
surface to the fail-safe shall be pressure tested to their rated WP.
After the BOP stack is landed on the wellhead, a full function test on both pods shall be
carried out.
All BOP components shall be pressure tested with a test plug to a low pressure of
300psi (21kg/cm2) and then to the following pressures:
The lower connector, against one set of pipe rams, to the rated WP of the
wellhead or the ram type preventer, whichever is lower.
All the other components, to a minimum pressure equal to, the maximum
anticipated wellhead pressure, or 70% of the internal yield pressure of the
weakest item of equipment, whichever is the lower.
BOP And Seal Assembly Tests After Setting Casing

1)
2)
3)
The seal assembly shall be pressure tested to a maximum pressure, equal to the
maximum anticipated wellhead pressure, or 70% of the internal yield pressure of the
weakest item of equipment, whichever is the lower.
The test shall be performed at 500psi (35kg/cm2) increments until the test pressure is
reached. The surface volume pumped shall be carefully monitored to ensure that the
casing annulus is not being pressurised and to avoid collapsing or bursting of the
casing.
All BOP components, shall be pressure tested to a low pressure of 300psi (21kg/cm2)
and to a minimum pressure equal to the maximum anticipated wellhead pressure, or
70% of the internal yield pressure of the weakest item of equipment, whichever is the
lower.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
7.3.4.
Routine BOP Tests While Drilling

1)
All BOP components, with the exception of shear rams, shall be tested to a low
pressure of 300psi (21kg/cm2) and to an high pressure at least equal to the maximum
anticipated wellhead pressure.
In all cases the maximum test pressure for each BOP test will not exceed 70% of the
rated working pressure of the lowest rated item of equipment in casing, or BOP
preventer stack, whichever is the lower.
2)
Only function the shear rams unless dictated by governmental regulations. Pressure
tests of blind/shear rams are not required during this phase.
Routine Subsea BOP Testing Procedures

1)
2)
3)
7.4.
46 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
7.3.3.
PAGE
A BOP test will be performed using both pods. If the yellow pod is used for the pressure
test, the blue pod will be used for the function test.
Fill the BOP test plug running string to the top with water. The string must remain open
to atmosphere during the entire test.
The volumes displaced to reach the test pressures and the volumes returned when
bleeding back shall be recorded. The volume and response time for each function will
be compared with the corresponding values recorded during the surface stump test,
and any major differences investigated, to detect possible malfunctions.
BOP TESTING FREQUENCY

BOP test on the test stump:
Every time the rig is moving between wells or any time the BOP stack is pulled for repair
during operation on an actual well for floating rigs.
BOP tests after installing the BOP stack on the wellhead:
After the first installation of the BOP stack on wellhead and any time the BOP is nippled
up/down during operations.
BOP tests after setting of casing:
Any time a new casing string is run and cemented.
Routine BOP tests while drilling:
Every 14 days, prior to running a DST or production test assembly, or any time requested by
the Company or to meet with local regulations.
7.4.1.
BOP Test Durations

The BOP 300psi low pressure tests will be performed first. They are to be held for a min
period of 5min. If the BOP does not pass the low pressure test, do not carry out the high
pressure test.
It is recommended that high pressure tests are held for a minimum of 10min. The maximum
acceptable pressure drop over this 10min period is 100psi.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
47 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
7.4.2.
PAGE
BOP Function Tests

a)
All preventers and BOP valves, with the exception of the annular preventer and
blind/shear rams preventers, should be operated at least once every shift.
b)
Blind/shear rams shall be operated every round trip in the hole.
c)
The annular preventer shall be operated when the scheduled routine BOP tests
are performed.
Pipe rams especially variable bore rams and annular type preventers may be damaged if they
are activated without pipe across the stack, otherwise the rubber packing might be extruded
and possibly damaged. Therefore these tests shall be conducted by closing rams and
annular packing on pipe only.
7.4.3.
BOP Operating Equipment Tests

Any time the BOP stack is nippled up and after repairing operations, all BOP operating
equipment hoses, control panels, regulator connections, shall be checked and tested to the
maximum manufacturer's recommended pressure for closing and opening the BOP's .
7.4.4.
Kill lines, Choke Lines And Choke Manifold Tests

Every time tests are carried out on the BOP stack, the associated equipment shall also be
tested, with water by the following procedure. Choke/kill lines and valves will be tested during
the BOP tests. The choke manifold will subsequently be tested.
a)
b)
c)
7.4.5.
Kill and choke lines will be tested from the choke manifold to the hydraulic
operated valve on BOP stack.
Each valve of the choke manifold shall be tested individually.
After the first BOP installation, the equipment shall be tested at their rated WP.
On routine tests, they will be tested at to least the same pressure applied for the
BOP test.
IBOP, Cementing Manifold, Pumps And Standpipe Manifold Tests

This equipment shall be tested, with water, every time tests are carried out on the BOP stack
according to the following procedure.
a)
b)
c)
Top drive IBOPs or lower and upper kelly cocks, standpipe and all individual
standpipe manifold valves, up to the relief valve on the mud pumps shall be tested
through a special test sub, made up on the lower kelly cock and installed on the
kelly/top drive.
Cementing units, cementing manifold and lines. Each valve shall be individually
tested.
Inside pipe shut-off devices shall be tested through a test sub.
After the first BOP installation, the equipment shall be tested to their rated working pressures.
On routine tests they will be tested to at least to the same pressure applied for the BOP test.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
48 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
7.5.
PAGE
CASING TESTS
Casing pressure tests will be carried out according to the pressure stated in the drilling
programme. The leading criteria for pressure testing will be the maximum anticipated
wellhead pressure.
In all cases the test pressure will be no higher than 70% of API minimum internal yield
pressure of the weakest casing in the string or to 70% of the BOP WP.
When establishing an internal casing pressure test, the differential pressure due to a
difference in fluid level and/or fluid density, inside and outside the casing, shall be taken into
account.
Consideration should be taken on the maximum allowable tensile strength of the casing
thread considering the relevant tensile design factor.
Each casing shall be pressure tested at the following times:
When cement plug bumps on bottom with a pressure stated in the drilling
programme.
When testing blind/shear rams of the BOP stack against the casing.
After having drilled out a DV collar.
A cemented liner overlap will be positively tested applying a pressure greater than the lea-off
pressure of the previous casing. If there is any doubt, an inflow test could be carried out, with
a sufficient drawdown to test the liner top to the most severe negative differential pressure
that will exist during the life of the well.
The test pressure shall be held and remain stable for at least 10-15 mins
The test pressure and method for each well are determined on an individual basis and shall
be included in the Geological and Drilling Programme.
7.6.
OTHER TESTS WHILE DRILLING

The following tests shall be carried out, only if required by drilling programme under the
express supervision of Company well site Drilling and Completion Supervisor, which must
indicate the methods and maximum allowable pressures to be applied.
a)
Formation Leak-Off Test (LOT).

Leak-off tests, or formation integrity tests, can be carried out after setting surface or
intermediate casing, to determine the maximum mud weight which can be safely
utilised below that string of casing ( Refer to the Drilling Procedures Manual).
b)
Casing Integrity Tests.

After drilling inside a casing for about 30-40 days, when expressly required by Company
Drilling Manager, the casing integrity should be checked, especially in HP/HT wells or in
case of deviated holes. Depending on the dog leg severity, this test might be carried out
more regularly (refer to the Drilling Procedures Manual).
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
49 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.
BLOW-OUT PREVENTION DRILLS
8.1.
FAMILIARITY DRILLS
The purpose of these drills is to familiarise rig personnel with the various equipment and with
the techniques that will be employed in the event of a kick.
8.1.1.
Shut-In Drills
These drills are correctly to minimise the time required for the Driller and his crew to close in
the well properly and quickly, and to confirm that all essential tools and equipment are
available in good operating condition.
The Drilling Contractor's personnel shall conduct drills to close-in the well, in the shortest
possible time, fully comprehending the process.
The Company recommends the following procedure :
1)
2)
Without any previous warning an authorised person should activate the alarm signal to
simulate a potential kick situation.
The Drilling Contractor's crew should follow the established close-in procedure
depending on the stage of operations at the current time:
On bottom:
Pick up the kelly or top drive to the correct height, shut down the pumps, then
carry out a simulated well shut-in.
Tripping:
Lower the stand into the hole to the correct height and set the pipe in the slips, stab-in a
full opening safety valve (lower kelly cock) in the open position, close the safety valve,
the carry out a simulated well shut-in.
To train the rig crews, shut-in drills should be planned to also cover the following associated
operations:
Pull the BHA out of the hole.

Running casing.
Wire line surveying.
Logging (as well for TLC logging, if any).
Running tubing (single as well as dual completion running).
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
50 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.1.2.
PAGE
Choke Manipulation Drill

The purpose of the choke manipulation drill, is to provide the drill crews with realistic well
control training and a feel for the equipment and procedures used for killing a well, by
simulating a circulation through the choke manifold under kick condition.
The choke manipulation drill should be carried out before drilling out shoe tracks.
Drilling Contractors crew should:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Run the bit to above the shoe track.

Break the circulation and record the RPSP.
Close the BOP.
Apply pressure to the well, and simulate a circulation under kick condition using the
automatic power choke and manual adjustable choke
Record the circulating drillpipe pressure and casing pressure.
Consider applying a low pressure to the casing (say 200psi), and bring the pump up to
reduced pump strokes controlling the drillpipe pressure according to a predetermined
schedule.
8.2.
EMERGENCY ON-THE-RIG DRILLS

The purpose of these drills is to familiarise rig personnel in reacting to emergency situations
that, depending upon their severity ultimately, may lead to the abandonment of the installation.
8.2.1.
Potential Fire On Well And Rig Abandonment Simulation

1)
2)
8.2.2.
Without any previous warning an authorised person should activate the alarm signal, to
simulate a fire on well, followed by the rig abandonment. The bit should be inside the
casing shoe and not in a troublesome zone.
The Drilling Contractor's crew on duty will shut-in the well and hang-off pipe without
opening the hydraulic valve on the choke and kill lines, then continue with the necessary
steps to simulated rig abandonment by all unnecessary personnel, while the emergency
crew should simulate the fire-fighting procedure.
H2S Drill
1)
2)
3)
simulate the presence of H2S. The drill against the H2S effects can be operated at two
levels:
Alarm drills simulating the presence of H2S in the mud.
Emergency drill simulating the presence of H2S in the air, i.e. in the shale shakers
area, on the rig floor, at the mud tanks etc.
All personnel must wear breathing apparatus and with the exception of the crews on
duty. They must proceed to the windward emergency safe breathing area, while the
emergency crew secure the well and simulates the delimitation of the polluted area.
H2S drills shall be recorded on the IADC daily drilling report and appropriate company
form.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
Abandon Rig
1)
2)
8.3.
51 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.2.3.
PAGE
abandon the rig due to a potential uncontrollable fire on board, uncontrollable blow-out
situation or damage to rig structure etc.
All Personnel except the crews on duty must get ready to abandon the rig. Operations
must suspended for the time the drill is carried out.
WELL CONTROL DRILLS

The severity of any well kick can be reduced if it is detected early enough. Crews must be
able to recognise the indications of a potential kick and be able to close-in the well properly in
the minimum possible time. These drills are intended to test the driller and mud logger on
their alertness with regard to an increase in pit volume and to verify that pit level equipment
and indicators are operating correctly.
The Company Drilling & Completion Supervisor shall plan the drills and evaluate the
performance of the rig crew.
No advance notice shall be given that a drill is to be conducted, in order to test the degree of
vigilance being exercise by the driller and the mud-logger.
The time from the moment the drill is initiated, until the crew has reacted shall be recorded,
along with the total time needed to complete the drill. All drills and responses shall be
recorded on Company Daily Drilling Report and IADC Report. Pit drills shall be recorded on
the Companys appropriate form.
To complete the drill, The Drilling Contractors crew should also fill in the Kill Sheet. SIDPP
and SICP values will be provided by the Company Drilling and Completion Supervisor.
8.3.1.
Pit Drills
The purpose of this drill is to ensure that the drill crews are familiar with the Soft Shut-In
procedure implemented in the event of taking a kick while drilling. These drills can be
conducted in either, cased or open hole. However, if the drill string is in open hole, the well will
not be shut-in.
1)
2)
Without any previous warning an Authorised Person, will change the pit level indicator,
to show an increase in mud volume.
The mud logger is expected to detect the gain and notify the Driller. The Driller is
expected to perform the following:
a)
Detect the pit gain.
b)
Pick up the kelly or top drive to the correct height.
c)
Shut down the pumps and check the well is flowing.
d)
Shut in the well as per the established Soft Shut-In procedures: open the
hydraulic valve on the BOP stack, close the upper bag-type preventer and close
the remote choke.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
52 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.3.2.
PAGE
Trip Drills
The purpose of this drill is to ensure that the drill crew is familiar with the Soft Shut-In
procedure to be implemented as described above. The drill shall be performed with bit inside
the casing shoe and not in a troublesome zone.
On floating rigs, the drill should include the procedures for hanging of the string on the BOP
stack has per normal practice.
1)
2)
8.3.3.
An Authorised Person (without any previous warning), will initiate the drill by
manipulating the trip tank indicator or flowline indicator.
The mud logger shall detect the gain or incorrect pipe displacement and notify the
Driller.
Trip Drill With Drillpipe In The BOP Stack.

The Driller is expected to perform the following:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
8.3.4.
Detect the pit gain or incorrect pipe displacement.

Lower the stand into the hole and set the pipe in the slips.
Install a safety valve (lower kelly cock) in the open position.
Check for well flow.
Shut in the well as per the established Soft Shut-In procedure: open the hydraulic valve
on the BOP stack, close the upper bag-type preventer and close the remote choke.
Install Gray valve IBOP.
Open safety valve and prepare to strip in hole with drillpipe.
Trip Drill With Drill Collar Or Tubing In The BOP Stack.

The driller is expected to perform the following:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Detect the pit gain or incorrect pipe displacement.

Lower the drill string tool joint or drill collar connection to a working height (it may be
necessary to install and run a stand of drillpipe or tubing to allow closure of the BOP).
Set the slips, ensure that no stabiliser or other non slick tool is across the preventer.
Install the safety valve (lower kelly cock with a crossover) in the open position.
Latch onto, pick up the pipe, remove the slips and check for well flow.
Shut in the well as per the established Soft Shut-In Procedure, open the hydraulic valve
on the BOP stack, close the upper bag-type preventer and close the remote choke.
Install a Gray valve IBOP.
Open the safety valve and prepare to strip in to hole with drillpipe.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
53 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.4.
PAGE
ACCUMULATOR DRILLS
The purpose of this drill is to minimise the cause of equipment failures, to ensure quick initial
closure times and to check the ability to continue operations in the event of accumulator
pump failure. Accumulator performance shall be proven at the first installation of the BOP on
the wellhead. Thereafter, this drill should be conducted after each casing setting before the
BOP pressure tests.
The following test procedure is recommended :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Position a joint of drill pipe in the stack. Make sure the tool joint is not access the rams.
Turn off the accumulator pumps.
Record the initial accumulator pressure. This pressure should be the design operating
pressure of the accumulator. Adjust the regulator to provide 1,500psi operating
pressure to the annular preventer.
Close then open the annular preventer, hydraulic valves on choke and kill lines and the
pipe ram preventers for the size of pipe being run.
Closing times shall be less than 30sec for each ram type preventer. Closing time should
not exceed 30sec for annular preventers smaller than 183/4 nominal bore and 45sec for
annular preventers of 183/4 and larger.
Record the final accumulator pressure. The final accumulator pressure shall not be
less than 1,200psi (84kg/cm2).
Bleed the accumulator pressure down to 1,000psi (precharge pressure). Turn on the
accumulator pumps and record the recharge time. The recharging time from 1,000psi
to 3,000psi shall be less than 15min.
Reposition all the preventer control valves in the normal operating mode.
Equipment that does not meet these requirements, either, has insufficient capacity or is not in
good operating condition and needs repair.
At the end of the drill a function test will be conducted to run the accumulator electric pump
using the rig emergency generator.
8.5.
DIVERTER DRILLS
Because of the limited response time required when diverter systems are employed, the
Drilling Contractor shall have written procedures that detail specific emergency action plans.
These emergency action procedures should be in operation prior to spudding the well.
The purpose of diverter drills is to reduce to the minimum, the time required for a driller and
his crew to divert the well flow during a kick. Diverter drills shall not be limited to the rig floor
personnel but shall involve all rig personnel. The drills will be prepared in line with the specific
procedure that will be adopted in the event of a shallow gas kick.
This drill shall be conducted hourly with each crew until the crew is familiar with the drill.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
54 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
The Driller is expected to perform the following:

1)
2)
3)
Pick up the kelly or top drive so that lower kelly cock is above the rotary table.
Open the diverter lines, close the diverter element and close the shaker valve (auto
sequenced operation). Check the closing time (for diverter sizes smaller than 20 the
closing time shall be within 30sec, for diverter sizes 20 or larger the closing time
should be within 45sec).
Circulate through both lines.
8.6.
DRILL FREQUENCY AND RESPONSE TIMES
8.6.1.
Drill Frequency
Training Period
Shut-in drills.
H2S drills.
These tests shall be carried out on an each shift basis, at the beginning of any new activity,
any time experienced personnel are replaced with new recruits, especially when key position
personnel are involved such as the Toolpusher, Driller and Assistant Driller. Drills shall be
repeated until every crew member gains the correct experience and training.
Choke manipulation drill. This drill should be carried out prior to drilling out surface
or intermediate casings string.
Routine Drills
These drills shall be executed every week. Potential fire on wellsite and/or
abandon rig.
Alert or emergency drills have to be performed weekly and repeated before
entering the zone where the presence of H2S is suspected, before coring and
before making DST or a production test when the presence of H2S is, either,
predicted or ascertained.
Well Control Drills:
Pit/trip drills shall be carried out on a shift basis every fortnight. These drills shall
be conducted also when the well is nearing or entering high-pressure zones.
Diverter drills shall be performed prior to drilling out the conductor string.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
55 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
8.6.2.
PAGE
Timing
The time is the most important aspect in shut-in drills and pit drills, and the times required to
accomplish the given task shall be recorded.
The Reaction times that can be considered as satisfactory to accomplish different drill
requirements are detailed below:
Shut-in drills. One minute from activation of the alarm signal to being ready to
close the bag type preventer.
Pit drills. Not more than 2.5min from an observable change in drilling fluid volume
to the time the well is closed-in, implementing the soft shut-in procedure.
The correct timing for all other tests will be defined in the Drilling Contractor's Procedures
according to the equipment characteristics.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
56 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
9.
PAGE
SHALLOW GAS
Shallow gas is defined as gas that is encountered in a well which cannot be closed in as the
well shut in pressure and the hydrostatic head of the fluid in the hole, will probably result in
formation breakdown and cause a subsequent surface blow out.
A shallow gas pocket is always over-pressured with the magnitude of overpressure at the top
of the shallow gas accumulation dependent on the thickness of the gas column.
If an anomaly is identified, indicating the possible presence of shallow gas, the primary option
is to drill the well from a location away from the anomaly.
Where there is a risk of shallow gas, The use of a floating vessel or a jack-up in floating mode
which can move efficiently off location, is recommended.
9.1.
SHALLOW GAS INVESTIGATION

The well proposals should always include a statement on the probability of encountering
shallow gas. This statement should include an assessment drawn from the shallow gas
survey (if carried out), the exploration seismic data, historical well data and the geological
probability of a shallow cap rock.
Even if no gas presence is apparent, it is nonetheless recommended that all measures and
procedures necessary to operate in the presence of shallow gas be implemented in all areas
where, historically, this event is likely to occur.
Primary well control is the only means to protect the well from blowing out, because
secondary well control techniques are not normally applicable in top hole drilling operations.
Pilot holes may be drilled, up to the conductor string depth, as part of a preliminary shallow
gas investigation programme prior to spudding a well where platforms are planned to be
installed, in areas with high probability of shallow gas or only a little geological information is
available.
A rig that can move away safely in case of shallow gas blow out should be used to drill pilot
holes (mobile offshore drilling unit or a dedicate soil boring vessel).
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
57 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
9.2.
PAGE

Primary well control is the only means to protect wells from blowing out, because secondary
well control techniques are not normally applicable in top hole drilling operations.
9.3.
RECOMMENDED DRILLING PRACTICES
9.3.1.
General Practices
Shallow gas guidelines for drilling operations are discussed in the following sections.
Where possible, floating rigs should be utilised to operate on locations with possible shallow
gas because, on balance, the floating drilling unit is safer than a bottom supporter rig when
dealing with shallow gas.
Recent experience shows that it is also possible to drill a pilot hole with jack-up rig in a floating
position to permit a very fast move off from dangerous area in case of shallow gas blow out.
The procedures to move a vessel off location in case of a subsea gas blow-out depend on
many factors (rig type water depth riserless drilling or drilling with marine riser etc.) It is
imperative to specify these procedures for each rig and each well. When drilling riserless and
a subsea gas blow-out is experienced, it may be possible to pump kill mud and
simultaneously move rig off location a safe distance away from the bubbling gas area. The
drill string should be disconnected and released immediately, if it prevents the vessel from
moving off location and or when it endangers the rig structure.
The drill string disconnecting and releasing procedure should be available and known to all
relevant personnel in order that they are carried out efficiently without causing any delays in
moving off location.
a)
b)
c)
A pilot hole should be drilled in areas with potential shallow gas, as the small hole size
will facilitate a dynamic well killing operation. The probability of encountering a kick, the
severity of the kick and the chance of dynamically killing the well, determine the pilot
hole size to be drilled. Small pilot holes will enhance the dynamic well killing capability,
and improve log quality. Generally, it is recommended that a drill 121/4 or smaller pilot
hole is drilled.
Restrict the penetration rate (recommended ROP = one joint/hr). Particular care should
be taken to avoid an excessive build-up of solids in the hole which could cause
formation breakdown and hence losses. Drilling with heavier mud returns could also
obscure indications of drilling through higher pressured formations and the well may
kick while circulating the hole clean. Restricted drilling rates also minimises the
penetration into the gas bearing formation which in turn minimises the influx rate. An
excessive drilling rate through a formation containing gas reduces the hydrostatic head
of the drilling fluid, which may eventually result in a flowing well.
All efforts shall be made to minimise the possibility of swabbing. Pumping at the
optimum circulating rate, is recommended for all upward pipe movements (e.g. making
connections and tripping). In larger hole sizes especially (i.e. larger than 121/4) it is
important to check that the circulation rate is sufficiently high and the pulling speed
sufficiently low to ensure that no swabbing will occur. A top drive system will facilitate
efficient pumping while tripping out of hole operations. The use of stabilisers will
increase the risk of swabbing, hence the minimum required number of stabilisers
should be used.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
b)
c)
d)
e)
58 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
a)
PAGE
Accurate measurement and control of drilling fluid is important in order to detect gas as
early as possible. Properly calibrated and functioning gas detection equipment and a
separate flowmeter are essential in top hole drilling. Flow checks must be made before
tripping, any time a sharp increases in penetration rate or tank level anomaly is
observed. When any anomaly appears on the MWD log (if a MWD data transmission
system is used) and at any specific depth referred to in the drilling programme (taken
from the shallow seismic survey), it is recommended to flow check at each connection.
A float valve must be installed in all bottom hole assemblies which are used in top hole
drilling. The float valve is the only down hole mechanical barrier available.
Shallow kick-offs should be avoided in areas with probable shallow gas. Top hole drilling
operations in these areas should be simple and quick, to minimise possible hole
problems. BHAs used for kick-off operations, have flow restrictions which will
considerably reduce the maximum possible flow through the drill string. Dynamic well
killing operation will then be very unlikely.
A stock of kill mud based on hole size, and for off-shore rigs, water depth and riser size
shall be prepared before commencement of drilling. The mud weight held in readiness
should be slightly less than the fracture gradient from the sea floor to the shoe of the
initial casing string. The correct mud weight must be determined for the particular area
is being drilling.
Before spudding the well, a meeting should be held in order to alert key personnel
(Drilling Contractor personnel, mud engineer, mud logging operator included) of the
following issues:
Note:
Risks related to a possible shallow gas blow-out.

Considerations on blow-out development times.
Requirement for quick action to be implemented by personnel involved in
operations.
Drilling control (parameters, levels, gas detectors, tripping, etc.) should be
strengthened for this phase.
For off-shore rigs; emergencies procedures for shallow gas blow-outs (specific
procedures for each rig) must be available and also included, for movable rig,
procedures for moving off location.
For off-shore rig: alert the supply/standby vessels and on-shore base in order to
facilitate fast movement off location and, if necessary, the evacuation of
personnel.
Duties and responsibilities.
The above drilling practices may be modified for development wells
where it is confirmed that no shallow gas is expected.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
59 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
9.3.2.
PAGE
Logging
Information about the presence and depth of possible hydrocarbons can be obtained from
electric wireline logs or MWD, the latter being the preferred method, since early detection
obviously enhances the safety of the operation.
MWD is the only currently downhole tool capable of shallow gas detection by means of
resistivity and gamma ray recording.
In the presence of normal gradient formation and gas bearing sands the use of MWD, with
almost immediate surface readout, can be valuable in confirming the requirements for
specific measures and procedures to be adopted.
However, in the presence of over-pressured gas pockets, a downhole tool may be of limited
practical value due to the very fast development of a blow out.
In development drilling, where there is sufficient geological information available from
surrounding wells to determine that there is no shallow gas, logging may not be required,
which avoids pilot hole drilling and hole opening operations. However, the use of a diverter
system is still recommended if there is a risk of colliding with another well or there is a
possibility of penetrating charged sands from leaking or poorly cemented casing strings.
Shallow gas detection, with electrical wireline logging or MWD, is not always reliable or
conclusive. Excessive hole size and the presence of fresh formation water may mask the
shallow gas effect during recording.
9.3.3.
Losses
Losses should be avoided during drilling with a diverter system installed. If losses are
encountered, they are to be cured quickly using Lost Circulation Material (LCM) or cement.
Full returns are to be regained before proceeding to drill ahead. If the losses cannot be cured,
possible courses of action include plugging back with cement, either to set casing high or to
abandon the hole.
9.3.4.
Cementing Operations
The most important item to prevent shallow gas blow-out during cementing job, is an
accurate and correct cement programme.
In addition, and where applicable, it is recommended that the BOP stack remains nippled up
with a small annular pressure maintained during WOC time.
There is no available data to determine the effect of gas blocking agents to stop the gas flow.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
60 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
9.3.5.
PAGE
Drilling Procedures
30 Casing
There is no protection against shallow gas in this hole section apart from the dynamic killing
option. Running and cementing the 30 casing in a pre-drilled hole, after having drilled a pilot
hole, is the recommended technique in areas where shallow gas might be encountered.
An important aspect, which always need to be considered, in floating top hole drilling
operation utilising a marine riser, is the formation strength at the shoe. If the formation
strength at the 30 shoe is considered insufficient the use of the marine riser and diverter
system has to be ruled out and riserless drilling should be employed.
20 Casing:
There are three main methods used to drill 26 hole in shallow gas area:
Drill pilot hole and open the hole without riser .

Drill pilot hole and open the hole through the riser with underreamer.
Drill pilot hole, pull the riser and open the hole.
Drill pilot hole through a marine riser with return to seabed via a sub sea exhaust
valve (or dump valve) or subsea diverter.
Operation Without The Riser

Riserless drilling is considered to be the safest way to cope with the shallow gas problem
since the vessel can quickly move away from a subsea blow-out. The risk of riserless drilling
increases with decreased water depth. The presence of the water ensures that some
hydrostatic pressure is always available to act against the shallow kicking formation. The
possibilities of riser collapse and borehole unloading are eliminated. The primary
disadvantage involved with drilling in shallow water, without a marine riser, is that a gas kick
may result in reduced rig buoyancy due to the presence of a gas bubble in the water beneath
the rig.
However, case histories show that the effect of buoyancy loss as a result of a sub sea gas
blow-out does not represent a major risk to floating vessel. Also because ocean currents are
usually sufficiently strong to carry all of the gas safely away from the rig.
Water depth has some influence on buoyancy loss, but it has greater influence on vessel
instability, especially at very shallow water depth.
A minimum water depth cannot be given since many variable factors should be considered
for each case.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
61 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Pilot Hole Opened Through The Riser With An Underreamer

There are various advantages, unrelated to well control, when using a riser. Using a riser
allows treatment of the returning mud stream, considerable saving in time and money,
formation samples and gas samples may be examined and evaluated at surface as drilling
progresses, the mud gradient can help to control the well.
Use of a marine riser while drilling shallow holes does pose some disadvantages; the gas
may cause the mud in the riser to unload, this results in decreased hydrostatic pressure
acting against the kick which in turn allows the influx rate to increase. Higher pump rates are
necessary to outrun kicks having higher rates of fluid influx. Unloading the mud in the riser
also allows the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water outside the riser to act against riser
wall, thus raising the possibility of riser collapse. If we attempt to control a shallow kick by a
column of heavy mud above the kick zone, the possibility exists that an excess of heavy mud
in the riser may cause lost circulation and an even worsen the conditions.
The operative time necessary to run and to pull-out the riser.
When drilling with a riser consideration must be given to riser release and moving off location
if a shallow gas blow-out occurs.
9.4.
DIVERTER SYSTEM OPERATING PROCEDURES

The diverter system shall be used for all wells unless there is clear information of the
absence of potential shallow gas.
Diverting Shallow Gas In An Emergency
The conductor pipe diverter system is only intended to divert flow away from the drill floor
when there is a kick. It should never be completely closed-in and used as a BOP in an
attempt to control the well as they are not designed to hold pressure but only to direct flow
overboard.
Diverting shallow gas is a well emergency.
The blow out contingency plan should be implemented as soon as it becomes apparent that
the well cannot be dynamically killed.
Specific contingency plans for dealing with emergencies which may occur during diverter
operations should be prepared for each rig and each well but should address the following:
Shallow gas meeting for all the crew.

Diverter drills and exercises.
Shut down procedure for ignition sources.
Shut-in the well, if this a dynamic killing failure, evacuate all the personnel
excluding the emergency team where there is a case of diverter failure evacuate
all the personnel.
Alert the office base (An office based supervisor should be present on location if
diverting shallow gas is a possibility).
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
For a movable rig:
9.4.1.
Disconnecting procedure for the riser;

Closing procedures for watertight doors and hatches;
Procedures for releasing the drill string from the drill floor;
Procedures for moving the rig off location (pulling by anchors or by a towing
vessel).
Diverter System
There are three main types of diverter:
Note:
Surface diverter.
Marine diverter.
Subsea diverter. which is not common and available only on few rigs.
Published studies show that diverter failure rates range from 50% to 70%
of all application with the consequence of a very high risk of explosion
or/and fire on the rig.
Specific causes of diverter failures are:

Erosion
Is primarily dependent on fluid velocity, abrasiveness of the

entrained solid and the angle of impact of the solids against
system components. Erosion can be mitigated by reducing one
or more of these factors. Erosion failures generally have been
due to undersized lines and flow path upset that causes
turbulence. The minimum required nominal ID of diverter
outlets lines is considered to be 12. Bends, bore size changes
and flow path discontinuities produce high particle impact
angles and local increases in velocity.
Blockage
Many shallow gas flows contain large quantities of debris

(rocks, sand, etc.) and there have been several documented
cases in which this debris has packed off at bends in the
diverter lines or other obstruction. The pressure surge due to
the blockages resulted in failure of other components.
Poor Component
Selection
In some cases, valves and other key elements have been

installed that could not handle the dynamic condition, pressure
surges and debris laden flow. Low pressure, butterfly or
guillotine type valves have failed to operate as required or
caused line blockages. Gate valves, in general have had
problems with trash in the guides. Welded flange or hub
connections are mandatory on diverter systems. Quick
connections in diverter lines are not allowed. Diverter lines
should be straight and properly anchored.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Slip Joint Packing

Leaks
PAGE
The slip joint packing element has historically been a source of

problems during shallow gas flows on floating drilling
operations. The packing elements have then typically failed due
to the flowing pressure exceeding the sealing capabilities of the
bladder or due to the bladder seizing to the riser and rupturing
at the increased inflation pressure.
High Flow Rates

In some cases inadequately supported diverter piping has been damaged from vibrations and
whipping caused by high flow rate.
The insert type diverter cannot divert the flow if the pipe is out of the hole. This type of unit
cannot close on open hole and is not be possible to strip back into the well using the bladder
sealing element common to the insert type diverter.
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
9.4.2.
PAGE
Diverter Test (before start of operations)

Before start of drilling operations perform a diverter test as the following:
1)
2)
9.4.3.
Close the diverter on 5 DP (check the closing time, this time depend on the diverter
type, usually, smaller then 20 within 30sec, 20 or larger within 45sec).
Circulate through both lines.
Diverter Procedure
At the first sign of flow, the following actions are required:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Pump the original mud or water immediately at maximum pump rate.

Stop drilling.
Activate the diverter function (start to evacuate the non essential personnel).
If the well is still flowing, pump heavier mud at maximum pump rate.
If the well continues to flow after the heavier mud has been pumped, carry on pumping
other mud or water at the maximum rate;
Further dynamic kill attempts may be as follows:

1)
2)
3)
Mix heavier mud whilst pumping mud or water at maximum rate.

Pump heavy mud at maximum rate.
Repeat sequence if dynamic killing is still unsuccessful, but do not use excessive mud
weight which could result in formation breakdown.
Note:
Shutting down the pumps to check for flow may result in an even greater
influx flow rates. Continuous pumping is recommended especially if there
is a suspicion of flow. Historical data shows that once a blow out start with
a high flowrate it is very difficult kill the well by dynamic kill techniques.
An improved chance of success is for the dynamic kill operation to be
initiated as a early as possible at the first suspicion of flow.
Recent investigations indicate that erosion can be reduced in the diverter by injecting water
ahead of the diverter as a dry gas condition is the worst case for erosion. Based on this
consideration it is always recommended, where possible, to pump water via the kill line
especially where it is not possible to pump via another route.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
65 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
10.
PAGE
H2S DRILLING PROCEDURES

The below topics represent Eni Agip general guideline to operate in H2S environment.
It is compulsory that the Drilling Contractor has an Emergency Safety Plan including a
specific procedure for the presence of H2S.
10.1.
EMERGENCY SAFETY PLAN

This document will be submitted to Eni-Agip and shall comply with the requirements of the
bid. It shall be in accordance with the regulations in force in the Country where operations are
to be carried out and shall be an accurate tool aimed at respect to and safety of human life. It
will be analysed by Eni-Agip expert engineers.
The document shall be constructed specifically for each rig and updated for each well, giving
detailed information concerning:
Land rigs, Jack-ups and Fixed Platforms
Location, type and setting of the alarms.

Location of individual protection and first aid equipment.
Personnel duties (for each professional position).
Meeting points.
Composition of the Emergency Team.
Evacuation (time and manner of evacuation shall be described clearly).
Frequency and manner of drills.
Use limits, control and extinguishing of free flame.
Floating Rigs
Riser disconnection.
Rig moving using its own propulsion system, anchoring lines and/or supply
vessels.
Procedures for drill string abandoning in hole.
ARPO
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
66 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
10.2.
PAGE
DUTIES OF PERSONNEL
The Company will ensure that on board H2S briefings provide clear instructions on how the
alarm is raised and who is responsible to take action.
Anyone on board who believes that they can smell H2S (like rotten eggs) must immediately
report this to the senior drill floor personnel or Production Test Supervisor during well testing.
Raise the alarm so that the area can be investigated by authorised personnel, suitably
equipped with a respirators and using suitable portable detection equipment.
10.2.1. Manager Or OIM

a)
b)
The Manager in charge of the operations or the OIM shall arrange the Service
Orders and the Emergency Plan bearing in mind the procedures Contained
herein.
He will agree with the Company on the Emergency Plan which shall comply with
this document and distribute it to the supervisor and responsible personnel.
10.2.2. All Personnel

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Shall be familiar with all the instructions and procedures contained in the
Appointments and Emergency Plan arranged by the Manager in charge of the
operations or the OIM.
Shall be familiar with any equipment shown during the safety drills.
In emergencies, they must first preserve their own safety.
Must aid injured personnel exposed to toxic gas.
Must follow their supervisors instructions
Must not panic.
10.2.3. Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Shall ensure that any instruction and procedure contained in this document and in
the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor are followed.
Shall pay attention that all personnel participate in the safety drills when a
potentially H2S bearing formation is to be drilled and that the meeting is reported in
the IADC daily drilling report.
Ensure that drills are performed regularly.
Will check the wearing and location of H2S equipment, their compliance with the
standards required for the rig (that in a sour area shall not be less than that
specified in appendix A). He shall evaluate its functioning, during drills, and shall
report in the minutes any suggestion for improvements.
Shall evaluate the situation when gas is detected and take corrective action.
Will keep in contact with the Eni-Agip District Drilling Superintendent.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
10.2.4. Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Will represent the Drilling and Completion Supervisor if he is disabled.

Will check that all personnel on board have had a medical examination and
ensure that all personnel have received proper safety instructions and are
equipped with functioning breathing apparatus.
Is responsible for the control and maintenance of the safety equipment.
Is responsible for the availability, condition, efficiency, location of, and expiry date
of all H2S equipment.
Is responsible for the availability and efficiency of the means of communication
(radio link, telephone, interphone, walkie-talkie).
Is responsible for Contractors' personnel to be familiar with and know how to
carry out their own duties in dangerous situations.
Is responsible for emergency drills scheduling and performance, and arrange for
the proper orders to be given to ensure continuity and functionality of operations.
10.2.5. Driller
a)
b)
c)
Will replace the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor and Platform
Manager or the Toolpusher in their duties if both are disabled.
He will ensure that the placing the rig on safety status, if the evacuation of all,
personnel should be necessary, in accordance with the Safety and Emergency
Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor.
Is responsible for the drilling teams safety and is the Emergency Teams
manager.
10.2.6. Mud Engineer

a)
b)
10.3.
Will conduct the Gas Garret Train Test or the Hatch Test.
Will treat the mud with H2S Scavenger.
OPERATING CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES

There are two different operating alert levels:
Condition 1 - Pre Alarm.

Condition 2 - Alarm.
10.3.1. Condition 1 - Pre Alarm

Condition 1 is when H2S is present in the air - i.e. detected in the shale shakers area, on the
rig floor or at the mud tanks in quantities between 10ppm and 20ppm inclusive.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Typical situations are:
H2S is found in concentrations ranging from 10 to 20ppm.

H2S is found in the air, and phenomena such as drilling break, kick or lightening
of the mud indicates the ingress of formation fluids into the bore hole.
Recovery of a core from a layer which is known to be H2S bearing (see the
relevant specific procedure).
Operating procedure
1)
2)
3)
When the presence of H2S is detected, the Mud Logging Unit Operator must
immediately inform the Driller, the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor and the
Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher.
Acoustic and visual alarms must start automatically in the Dog House when the H2S
concentration detected by a single sensor exceeds the 10ppm threshold.
A similar alarm must also be present in the Mud Logging Unit. Such signals
(appropriately loud and visible) must be activated in such away as to be easily seen and
heard over the entire location ( Refer to Appendix A).
After having checked the situation, the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor
must:
Verify the operations on going in the well and consider whether it is necessary to
close the BOPs;
Give instructions to the Mud Engineer to treat the mud with an H2S Scavenger;
Advise the Drilling Superintendent or the Company's District Representative on
duty about the occurrence of a moderately dangerous situation and report every
further development;
Re-check and test all H2S sensors
Take proper actions as per Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the drilling
contractor.
The Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher must:
Instruct a Safety Expert (Assistant Driller) to check the H2S concentration by

means of portable detectors.
Check the wind speed and direction, in order to define the areas of potential
danger.
Activate the ventilation system on the rig floor.
Take proper actions as per the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the
Drilling Contractor.
Notify Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor the results of every control and
the measurements.
All personnel shall act in accordance with the Safety and Emergency Plan
prepared by the Drilling Contractor.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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10.3.2. Condition 2 - Alarm

Condition 2 is when H2S is detected in the atmosphere in quantities exceeding 20ppm in the
shale shakers area, on the rig floor or at the mud tanks
Typical situation are:
H2S is present in the atmosphere in concentrations greater than 20ppm.

Although the sour gas concentration of 30ppm is not dangerous to human life, it
indicates a Level of Concern.
Operating Procedure
1)
2)
3)
4)
When an H2S concentration greater than 20ppm is detected, the Mud Logging Unit
Operator must immediately inform the Driller, the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion
Supervisor and the Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher.
An acoustic and visual alarm must automatically turn on in the Dog House.
Similar alarms must also be present also in the Mud Logging Unit. These signals must
be visible and audible from the whole location (see Appendix 2).
For offshore installations, air aspirators for ventilation living quarters, engine room and
all closed rooms shall be closed-in and all personnel shall act in accordance with the
Safety and Emergency Plan.
The Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor must:

1)
2)
3)
4)
Give instructions to restore normal operating conditions (employing key personnel).

Advise the Drilling Superintendent or the Company's District Representative on duty
about the existence of a the dangerous situation and report every further development.
Submit to all H2S sensors further tests by means of portable detectors
Take proper actions as per Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the drilling
contractor.
The Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher must:
Instruct a Safety Expert (Assistant Driller) to check the H2S concentration by

means of a portable detector and determine the quickest and safest escape way.
Check wind speed and direction in order to define the areas of potential danger.
Turn on the rig floor fans when they are foreseen.
Instruct to light the flare pilots.
Inform the Eni-Agip Drilling and completion Supervisor about the results of every
inspection and measurement.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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The Driller must:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
While the pumps are working, lift the kelly or the top drive till the lower kelly-cock is
above the rotary table.
Stop the mud pumps.
Open up the choke line hydraulic valve.
Let the drilling string lean on slips.
Close BOP.
Close the adjustable choke on the choke manifold.
All Personnel Not Engaged On The Rig Floor, must
On onshore rig wear the breathing apparatus (i.e. 10min) Automatic Positive
Pressure Escape Breathing Apparatus); go to the emergency safety area,
windward (previously assigned by Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher) and wait for
further instructions.
On offshore rig take proper actions as per Safety and Emergency Plan
prepared by the drilling contractor
10.3.3. Core Recovery In Presence Of H2s
After coring in a H2S bearing formation, it is necessary to wear the Cascade System masks
(if available ), or Self Breathing Apparatus with 30-45min bottles, during the whole core
recovery operation, both using a rubber type core barrel or a inner tube core barrel.
A specific section of the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor shall
be dedicated to coring operations.
10.3.4. Well testing in presence of H2S
The risk of encountering H2S must be assessed from available information relating to the
current well and other wells in the area.
Danger signals must remain displayed while also carrying out production testing where a
presence of SO2 greater than 5ppm is expected (due to the combustion of layer fluids).
H2S Emergency Provisions
In the event that the occurrence of H2S is a possibility, provisions must be made as follows:
1)
2)
3)
Detection - any H2S fixed or portable detectors which may be required in addition to
those already on board.
Wind Direction - indicators such as pennants or socks will be positioned in at least 4
locations such that the movement of H2S can be foreseen and its impact on escape
routes/ systems and support vessels/helicopters can be assessed.
Any person working on a rig that is drilling in a known H2S area or which encounters
H2S while drilling must be clean shaven.
The Production Superintendent and representatives from the Drilling and Safety Departments
must inspect the rig and ensure that a safety meeting has been held before the well test
operations start.
General Procedures
The requirements below must be reconciled with the Drilling Contractors onboard equipment
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
and emergency procedures to ensure that they cover all the points addressed. In the event
that there are deficiencies they must be dealt with to ensure that the overall provisions are at
least equivalent to the requirements of this manual.
Detection
Detection is accomplished by smell, mud analysis, fixed detectors and hand held detectors.
Only the fixed detectors will automatically provide an alarm, all other detection methods
require personnel to raise the alarm.
Brine/Mud Analysis
In the event that brine/mud analysis shows the presence of H2S, the logging engineer will
immediately raise the alarm indicating the level of gas. He must be provided with adequate
means of communication.
Personal Monitor
Any detection of H2S by personal monitor must be reported immediately to the senior drill floor
personnel or Production Test Supervisor during well test operations and the OIM, giving the
location of detection and the concentration measured.
Fixed Detectors
Provision of the fixed detectors must be such that detection of H2S will result in a suitable
alarm being raised in all areas manned during drilling or well test operation, i.e. in the mud
treatment room and in the control room, and also give the detector position and the
concentration detected.
Safe Breathing Areas (offshore rigs)
The OIM will designate at least two Safe Breathing Areas (SBAs) of which one will be in the
open air upwind of any incident. The second SBA will be inside the accommodation in the
gallery/cinema/recreation area. An H2S detector will be provided in the inside SBA and must
be switched on when the alarm is given. If deemed necessary, a second open air SBA will be
designated to ensure that at least one SBA will be upwind of any incident.
H2S Detection While Tripping
Prior to pulling out of the hole, circulate the brine/mud system.
Circulating
All drill floor and mud room personnel will wear SCBA and be masked up (firemans sets or
tied into the cascade system) immediately. At the same time the mud/gas separator
(degasser) will be started and all non essential personnel will be warned to stay away from
the drill floor and mud treatment areas.
Mud logging personnel will inform the Toolpusher and the OIM when the trip gas is up and
when the H2S level falls below 10ppm.
Logging
When pulling out of the hole, all tools and cable must be washed with scavenger and spray
inhibitor.
Persons handling repeat formation tester (RFT) samples/chambers must wear SCBA until
the chamber has been vented and purged.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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Flow Testing
During this phase (time from first opening of test tools until tools are recovered to surface)
H2S will be produced to the surface for the first time with consequent increase in risk. To
counter this the following precautions are required:
1)
2)
Before well test operations take place:

The onshore Drilling Manager/Drilling Superintendent, Snr Production Engineer, Workover
Superintendent and Safety Superintendent in consultation with the Rig OIM, the offshore EniAgip Senior Drilling Supervisor and Production Test Supervisor must agree whether or not it
is necessary to specify any in stream concentration of H2S at which the well test crew and
other essential personnel involved in well test operations must mask up.
3)
A safety meeting prior to opening the well must be held to inform all personnel of the
increased risk of the presence of H2S.
All testing equipment and systems must be capable of withstanding the effects of H2S.
All critical activities such as the first opening of downhole tools must be performed in daylight.
All personnel considered by the OIM to be non-essential must be taken off the rig before the
start of the test and remain off until after the end of the test.
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
During the testing period, all off duty personnel shall be restricted to the accommodation area
and their movements will be controlled by the OIM.
At the production of first hydrocarbons to surface, essential personnel will all wear SCBA and
be masked up. Masks will be worn until the level of H2S being produced has been established
at the choke or at the separator.
In stream H2S levels will initially be monitored every 10min for changes, initially, and thereafter
at periods agreed by the OIM, Production Test Supervisor and H2S technician.
When H2S is present in the flowstream, the well will be shut-in if the wind speed is less than 5
knots. In any event, it is the responsibility of the OIM to decide if the wind speed or direction
presents a hazard which requires the suspension of testing.
Testing personnel must wear SCBA and mask up prior to operating or performing work on
equipment or systems which have contained H2S, e.g. changing chokes, operating flowhead
valves, using bubble hoses, taking separator samples, etc.
No open tanks will be used for collecting flow products. Surge tanks and separators will be
equipped with vent/overflow lines which discharge at the flare.
Background levels of H2S will occur from various sources such as flare residue, valves,
flanges, couplings etc. This level must be monitored for increases so that preventative
actions can be taken.
The installation must be monitored for the presence of sulphur dioxide (SO2) using portable
monitors.
When the test tool retrieval gets to within five stands of tubing from the first test tool, i.e. the
reverse circulating valve, all rig floor personnel will wear SCBA and be masked up until the
testing string has been broken down, sample chambers have been emptied and purged and
slip joints stroked.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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10.4.
PAGE
EMERGENCY CONDITION
An Emergency Condition is termed any situation where, according to the Eni-Agip Drilling
and Completion Supervisor and Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher, there is a significant and
uncontrollable air pollution from H2S and/or where it is impossible to keep well operations
under control using the equipment available on the rig site.
Some of the typical situations are :
BOP malfunctioning while controlling a kick.

Blow-out behind the surface casing.
Blow-out inside the drilling string (with rams closed).
The sour gas concentration reaches a value of LC 50 (Lethal concentration).
LC 50 has been defined to correspond to an H2S concentration of 444ppm under
a prolonged inhalation of 4hr.
Similar for SO2, the LC 50 represents a concentration of 2,520ppm under an
inhalation of 1hr (The data are taken from the Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York).
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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10.4.1. Emergency Operating procedure

When the alarm hotter rings constantly:
1)
On onshore rigs, all personnel not engaged on the rig floor must wear the breathing
apparatus (10 min. Automatic Positive pressure Escape Breathing Apparatus), proceed
to the emergency safe area windward and wait for further instructions. After setting the
whole rig to the safety condition, the motorman must stop all engines and start the
emergency generator to serve lights, accumulator and radio bridge.
2)
On offshore rigs, the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor alert supply vessels
available in the area, to approach the rig on the windward and initiate proper actions as
per the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor;
After having ascertained the emergency situation, the Eni-Agip Drilling and
Completion Supervisor must:
1)
Advise the Drilling Superintendent and the Company District Executive on duty, or the
District Telephone Operator, about the existence of an emergency condition.
2)
Report to the Drilling Superintendent or to the District Representative on duty (either
directly or through the appointed person) about the actual situation, the actions taken
and the future measures to be agreed upon. The information is to be transmitted
through the enclosed forms (Appendix A). It will allow to state whether the hazard area
can be delimited or not on onshore rigs.
The Drilling Contractor's Toolpusher Or OIM. must:
1)
2)
On onshore rigs, arrange the vehicles for the evacuation of personnel windward;
On onshore rigs, ascertain that all personnel have left their working place and moved
away, staying windward, at least past the distances indicated in the table 10..
Gas Output
(1,000 Nm3/day)
Concentration H2S (%)
Radius of danger area (m)
3,000
10
1,200
1,000
10
600
3,000
300
1,000
160
3,000
0.1
80
1,000
0.1
40
Table 10.a - Radius of Danger

Note:
4)
5)
6)
7)
The danger area radius is calculated in calm wind conditions ( < 1 m/sec).
By means of a walkie-talkie, make sure that the evacuation is completed.

Organise monitoring of the area as indicated by the table 10. above on onshore rigs.
On offshore rigs, act in accordance with the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by
the Drilling Contractor.
The Emergency Team shall act in accordance with Safety and Emergency Plan
prepared by the Drilling Contractor and secure the well (as per the Well Control Policy
issued by Eni-Agip). The Emergency Team shall remove or deactivate any explosive
mixture or agent present on site.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
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REVISION
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The Drilling Superintendent or the Company's District Representative on duty, as soon as he

is informed about the events and has agreed with the Eni-Agip Drillingand Completion
Supervisor at the field on the immediate actions to be taken, must:
1)
2)
Inform the Drilling and Completion Manager of the district.

Proceed to the location and join the Emergency Team as Manager of operations, until
he will be relieved by the Emergency Manager from the San Donato Milanese Head
office.
As soon as he is informed, the Drilling and Completion Manager of the district must:
1)
2)
10.5.
Give out instructions according to the Eni-Agip Emergency Plan.

Advise the District Manager as well as the Eni-Agip Head Office in San Donato Milanese
and, if necessary, request co-operation from Districts or Head Office.
ACTIONS TO TAKE FOR THE CONTROL OF AN EMERGENCY

Since different occurrences require to be approached differently, it is not possible to detail any
given situation. Below we make a list of the actions, responsibility and duties of the
Emergency Team.
10.6.
EMERGENCY TEAM
Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor and Contractor Toolpusher or OIM, after fulfilling
the duties previously said, shall subdivide the Emergency Team in groups that shall follow up
the well behaviour and evaluate the gas rate, actions to be taken utilising the rig equipment,
measure the H2S concentration with portable apparatus, etc.
They will follow the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor and will
be equipped with:
Portable sensors (1 for each group).

Calourimetric phials for H2S.
Calourimetric phials for SO2.
Walkie-talkie (with earphones and laringophones).
Bottles for self contained breathing apparatus.
They will keep contact with Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor and Contractor
Toolpusher or OIM continuously, reporting any developments of the situation.
ARPO
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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10.7.
PAGE
DELIMITATION OF THE POLLUTED AREA (ONSHORE)
It is the specific duty of the emergency team (in on-shore installation) to determine
the borders of the polluted area.
The changes in weather or well situation may entail a change in the radius and
extent of the danger area.
For the above reason it is hugely important to mark the borders of the polluted
area which must be systematically updated.
The situations where the area markings are lost or its limits trespass the location perimeter
are particularly serious.
In this case the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor (who will be constant radio
contact with emergency team and the District office) will inform the Emergency expert/Drilling
and Completion manager and wait for instructions.
10.8.
PERSONNEL TRAINING
All personnel, engaged in the field, must have knowledge of the procedures set forth herein
and participate in the relevant drills.
This rule refers to Eni-Agip personnel as well as to the Drilling Contractor's and any Service
Company's personnel.
Training drills shall be performed regularly while drilling is safe, i.e. before entering a
formation which is potentially H2S bearing.
Note:
To be successful, the emergency operation requires the presence on the

rig of personnel highly qualified to work in hazardous conditions and
whom have to attended the subject training course before field training.
10.8.1. Safety Meeting

During a Safety Meeting which will take place before stating the potentially dangerous
operations are started, the training of personnel by the personnel mentioned in the Safety And
Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor will be achieved by dealing with the
following topics:
a)
b)
c)
The dangers of hydrogen sulphide to be explained in detail.

Field logistical distribution, location of breathing apparatus, use of wind socks ,
movement of personnel towards the safe emergency area.
Use of:
Breathing apparatus
H2S portable detectors
SO2 portable detectors
Combustible gas detectors
Revival equipment
Portable extinguishers
Alarm system.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
b)
Personal practice in assistance of people and surveillance (to prevent accidents

and to give aid promptly).
Introductions to personnel if there is unexpected H2S rush:
10.9.
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a)
PAGE
Do not to panic
Do not to breathe (Before donning a breathing apparatus)
Wear protection breathing equipment (10 min. Automatic Positive Pressure
Escape) and abandon the polluted area.
Move to the indicated emergency safe area and wait for instructions.
Those who have a breathing apparatus (30-45 min. Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus), must wear it, and return to the polluted area to rescue
anyone in difficulty.
H2S PREVENTION DRILLS

Prevention drills are to be recorded on the IADC daily drilling report and in the H2S Drill form (
Refer to Appendix A), enclosing a copy of the minutes of the meeting with name and signature
of all participants, as well as any remarks).
H2S prevention drills have two levels:
Alarm Drills
Emergency Drills
10.9.1. Alarm Drills

When the acoustic alarm are sounded (simulating the presence of H2S), all personnel shall
behave in accordance with the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling
Contractor. To illustrate this, typical a drill scheme is given below :
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
All personnel (key personnel' excepted) must proceed to the windward

emergency safe area.
The Derrickman must light the flare pilots and proceed to the mud pit area.
The Toolpusher and the Driller are to check that the portable detectors are fully
operational.
The Toolpusher must check wind velocity and direction.
The Assistant Driller and the electrician must measure the H2S concentration in
the leeward area, using the portable detectors.
After e) above that, three Floormen, wearing breathing apparatuses(30-45 min.
Self Contained), shall return to the rig floor together with Driller, Assistant Driller
and Derrickman, and pull out two drill pipe stands. The Derrickman must climb to
the derrick deck, together with another person, both wearing an breathing
apparatus.
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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10.9.2. Emergency Drills

When the continuous alarm siren, signalling an emergency is sounded:
a)
b)
c)
d)
All personnel shall immediately wear the breathing apparatus (10min Automatic
Positive Pressure Escape) and, except the personnel engaged on the rig floor,
proceed toward the life boats or in the safe windward area;
The Driller shall stop any operation at the rig site, leaving the drill string on the
slips with the kelly installed;
The Motorman shall stop up engines and start the emergency generator;
The OIM or the Toolpusher shall check that H2S and explosive mixture portable
meters are fully functional.
10.9.3. Drill Frequency

Alert and Emergency Drills shall be carried out in accordance with the Safety and Emergency
Plan prepared by the Drilling Contractor. However, in areas where H2S presence is expected
or confirmed, they have to be carried out weekly. They also have to be performed whenever
pulling up into the shoe and repeated before entering any expected H2S bearing levels e.g.,
before to perform coring, DST or production testing.
Results shall be reported on the IADC daily drilling report and on the dedicated form (Refer to
appendix A). It is important to measure the time required for personnel gathering and being
accounted at the meeting point.
10.10.
H2S DETECTION SYSTEM

The drilling platform or rig will be equipped with a fixed H2S monitoring system, capable of
recognising the presence and concentration of the previous stated levels of.
10.10.1. H2S detection in air

A box for the detection of H2S in air must be installed in the Dog House.
The system will consist of a unit capable of measuring gas concentrations in air at four varies
sites (shale shakers, rig floor, bell nipple and mud pit) and activate the sound alarm and lights
when the danger threshold is reached. For off shore drilling units the sensors shall be
positioned, as the very minimum, at the following locations:
All air inlets to closed rooms

Shale-shaker area
Pumps room
Rig floor
Below the rotary table
Mud pits
Cellar deck/moonpool.
During production testing additional sensors must be placed near the separators, heater, etc.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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10.10.2. Sensor Ranges

The system measuring capacity must be 0-50ppm in air.
Danger thresholds are set as follows:
Pre Alarm: for a concentration between 10ppm and 20ppm in air;

Alarm: for a concentration upper of 20ppm. in air
The alarms set up by the Dog House and the Mud Logging Unit must operate automatically,
but also allow manual operation.
Three portable detectors must be available on the rig and provided with colourimetric vials for
the detection of H2S and SO2. These detectors must be used in areas not monitored by the
fixed system and if the gas concentration exceeds measuring limits of the fixed sensors.
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
80 OF 92
REVISION
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10.11.
PAGE
BREATHING APPARATUS AVAILABILITY
10.11.1. Standard Equipment For All Rigs

The standard land rig must include the following individual protection means:
Breathing apparatus (10 mins Automatic Positive Pressure Escape Breathing

Apparatus).
Apparatus of the overpressure type with supply of 45 spare cylinders, capable of providing an
autonomy of nearly two hours to emergency team personnel.
They must be distributed within the rig as indicated by the following appendix A
30 - 45 Minute Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus
Drilling Team
5
Motorman
1
Mud Engineer
1
Mud Logging Unit
1
Eni-Agip Supervisor
1
Toolpusher
1
Tourpusher
1
Extra Supply
4
TOTAL
15
10 Minutes Automatic Positive Pressure

Escape Breathing Apparatus
Drilling Team
5
Motorman
1
Mud Engineer
1
Mud Logging Unit
2
Eni-Agip Supervisor
1
Toolpusher
1
Tourpusher
1
Assistant Motormen
1
Electrician
1
Eni-Agip Geologist
1
Store Yard team
3
Gusts
3
Extra Supply
9
TOTAL
30
Table 10.A - Breathing Apparatus Distribution

The minimum standard for equipment on all drilling platforms shall include the following
individual protective breathing apparatus:
Protecting Breathing Apparatus (10min Automatic Positive Pressure Escape) the

quantity equal 120% of the number of people that can be accommodated on
board.
Self Breathing Apparatus of a quantity equal to 120% of the total number of
personnel in the emergency team and provided with minimum of 3 spare bottles
each.
According to the list of standard equipment (Refer to Appendix A), supply vessels and boats
assisting the drilling unit operating in H2S area, shall be equipped with the following individual
means of protection:
Breathing Apparatus of a quantity equal to 120% of the number of crew and

provided with a minimum of 3 spare bottles each.
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IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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10.12.
PAGE
CASCADE SYSTEM
Where the H2S risk is high and protection means are used frequently, the use of apparatuses
with 30min air reserves would be impractical and require rig personnel to maintain a careful
and precise check of the air available in the cylinders.
To overcome such problems drilling rigs or platforms must be equipped with a fixed system
or Cascade System for the supply of the necessary air, in addition to the standard equipment.
Rig personnel shall connect themselves to the system at point appropriately arranged, using
the umbilical hose provided with a rewinding automatic device (some of which may be as long
as 20m).
Connections for umbilical hose and pressure regulators are to be distributed as a minimum
at.
Land Rig
Rig floor
Derrick deck
Near the substructure
Shale shakers
Mud pit
Mud pumps and engines
2 manifolds, each provided with 5 connections

1 manifold provided with 3 connections
2 manifolds, each provided with 5 connections
Platform
Rig floor
Cellar deck/moonpool
Monkey board
Crane box/cage
Shale-shaker area
Mud pit room
Pumps room
Engine room
SCR box
Control room
2 manifolds with 5 connections each

1 manifold with 5 connections
The cascade system shall be equipped with bottles arranged in ranks and
positioned as per the Safety and Emergency Plan prepared by the Drilling
Contractor.
The minimum air reserve available (number of bottles) shall be at least enough to
allow 10 people to work for 10hrs in normal breathing conditions without
recharging bottles.
For these it is preferred to have systems, the installation of two compressors
located so as to allow to access to either one of them for bottle recharging to
cater for the direction the wind blows.
ARPO
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Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
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REVISION
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The Compressors shall have the following features:
Note:
Capacity equal to 17cu ft/min (480 l/min)

Maximum charge pressure 3,000psi (208bars)
Filters and air cleaners as per DIN 3188 regulation
Alarm and control system for CO2 high temperature and oil content
Gauges, safety and oil pressure control valves
Double powering: electrical and diesel
Skid and protection structure.
Installation and testing of the cascade system cannot be carried out by

drilling contractor personnel, but only by specialists.
Where previous operations in the area have already ascertained the presence of H2S, it is
recommended to stipulate contracts with contractors for, the supply of equipment, training of
field personnel, inspection of equipment efficiency, and an expert assigned to the rig.
10.13.
USE OF BREATHING APPARATUS

The 10min Automatic Positive Pressure Escape Breathing Apparatus must be used only to
abandon the danger area.
Such apparatus (which each worker must always have at hand ) located by the rig floor,
substructure, mud pumps, shale shakers, mud mixing area, engines and mud logging unit
must be worn when the alarm activates.
The 30-45min Self Contained Breathing Apparatus must be worn when working in a polluted
environment or when having to enter a polluted closed area. In the latter case their must
always be two operators in a team.
10.14.
ADDITIONAL SAFETY FEATURES

A drilling rig operating in a sour area must be provided with the equipment related in the
Appendix A.
With reference to items not previously addressed, the following considerations must be
made:
For land rigs, access to the rig is to be provided with a gate or barrier forbidding
admittance to personnel not concerned with operations.
Two wind sleeves or flags, at minimum, must be set up in such a way as to
indicate wind direction. They must be visible from the rig and from the emergency
safe area( visible day and night), by placing close to lights.
The rig must be provided with two or more fans to ventilate rig floor,
substructure shale shakers area when wind is absent.
All circuits and electric engines must be explosion proof.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
10.15.
83 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
Note:
PAGE
Appendix A shows an optimal land location arrangement. This example,

however, is binding when the presence of H2S is ascertained (the
reunion areas must be indicated by the Contractor Toolpusher).
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE OF DETECTION/PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Periodical inspection and maintenance of the monitoring and individual protection systems is
the responsibility of the Drilling Contractor and of the Mud Logger (as far as the sensors are
concerned). They must be carried out on the basis a maintenance schedule and criteria set
forth by the equipment manufacturer/supplier.
Such operations must be planned by the Toolpusher at the beginning of the drilling activity.
A copy of the specific handbooks, reporting testing and checking procedures must be
available at the rig and at the disposal of the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor.
It is the duty of the Contractor's Toolpusher to make sure that all systems are kept in perfect
working order.
It is the duty of everyone provided with individual safety equipment to keep it clean and verify
that the components are in working order.
The following table provides an inspection and maintenance program indicating the maximum
intervals for verifications.
It is the duty of the Eni-Agip Drilling and Completion Supervisor to make sure that inspection
and maintenance are carried out within the limits fixed by the table 10.bC below.
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
Self breathing apparatus (3045min)

Spare bottles
Compressor
Self breathing apparatus
(10min.)
Portable meters for H2S and
SO2
Phials for H2S
Phials for H2S
Sensor for H2S in the air
Acoustic and light alarm
system
Means of internal
communication
Explosion-proof electric torch
84 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
TYPE OF INSPECTION
INTERVAL
Charge pressure, valve,

masks, parts in rubber
Valves
Air filters, working pressure, oil
and fuel levels
Charge pressure, valves,
masks, parts in rubber
General conditions
15 days
Expire date
Expire date
functionally and adjustment
Functionality
30 days
30 days
7 days
7 days
Functionality
7 days
Functionality
7 days
Table 10.B - Inspection/Maintenance Schedule
15 days
30 days
15 days
30 days
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
85 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
APPENDIX A - H2S Detection And Danger Areas

CONSTANT H2S DETECTION FOR LAND RIGS
DESCRIPTION
Equipment for the constant detection of H2S concentration consisting of:
QUANTITY
Unit with control panel and tool indicator of the H2S concentration Dependent on rig type
with range capacity of 0-50ppm and two alarm levels (10ppm 20ppm)
Dependent on rig type
Sensors with short response time as per market availability
Portable detectors to measure H2S in the atmosphere (either manual or

electronic).
Colorimetric vials for H2S:
10 vials package. 1-200ppm
10 vials package: 50-500ppm
Colorimetric vials for SO2:
10 minutes Automatic Positive Pressure Escape Breathing
Apparatus.
30-45 mins Self Contained Breathing Apparatus for land rig

Extra cylinders for Breathing Apparatus for land rig
30-45 mins Self Contained Breathing Apparatus for off-shore rig
Extra cylinders for Breathing Apparatus for off-shore rig
AMBU type reanimator
Battery operated portable explosimeter
Wind sleeve
Two tone alarm hooter
Walkie talkie completed with batteries and battery loader
Electric lamp (explosion proof type)
Alarm flashlight
Gas garret Train Test Kit or Hatch Test Kit
H2S Scavenger for mud
Fan
3 manual
2 electronic
10
5
5
5
5
30 for land rig
120% of the rig and
supply vessel personnel
for off-shore rig
15
45
120% of emergency
team
3 spare bottles per
breathing apparatus
2
2
2
2
6
6
2 red 2 yellow
1 (in sour area)
30kg/m 3 of mud
3
ARPO
IDENTIFICATION CODE
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.1.
86 OF 92
Confined Location
ALTERNATE
ROAD
BURN
PIT
BARRICADE
CAUTION SIGN
WITH
BRIEFING
AREA
PROTECTION
CENTER
AND
FLARE
STACK
(optional)
FLARE
WIND
STREAMER
PIPE
RACK
REMOTE
PREVENTER
AND
EQUIPMENT
BLOW
ACCUMULATOR
STATION
OUT
PIPE
RACK
HORN LIGHT
SUB
BASE
STRUCTURE
SUB
BASE
STRUCTURE
SHALE SHAKER
MUD GAS SEPARATOR
MUD
UNIT
LOGGING
CHOKE
MANIFOLD
MUD
TANKS
MESS
OFFICE
AND/OR
HALL
SLEEPING
QUARTERS
MUD
TANKS
LIQUID
(optional)
KNOCKOUT
DEGASSER
MUD
HOUBE
RIG
POWER
PLANT PUMP PUMPPUMP
DIRECTION
PREVALING WIND
WATER
TANKWATER
TANKRIG
FUEL
FLARE
BRIEFIND
AREA
PROTECTION
CENTER
AND
ENTRANCE
ROAD
PIT
BURN
WIND
STREAMER
BARRICADE
CAUTION SIGN
WITH
ARPO
IDENTIFICATION CODE
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.2.
87 OF 92
Unconfined Location
BURN
PIT
ALTERNATE
ROAD
BARRICADE
CAUTION SIGN
WITH
WATER
TANKS
RIG
TANK
FUEL
FLARE
RESERVE
PIT
RIG
PLANT
POWER
MIXING
PUMP
MUD
HOPPER
MUD
HOUSE
CHANGE
HOUSE
PUMP PUMP PUMP
DEGASSER
HORN
CONTRACTOR'S
TOOLPUSHER
DRILLING
OFFICEFOREMAN'S
AND
MUD TANKS
LIGHT
SUB
BASE
STRUCTURE
SUB
BASE
STRUCTURE
FLARE
BURN
PIT
DOG HOUS
SHALE SHAKER
COMPANY
HEAD QUARTERS
CHOKE
MANIFOLD
CATWALK
LIQUID
(optional)
KNOCKOUT
FLARE
(optional)
STACK
MUD GAS SEPARATOR

BRIEFING
AREA
PROTECTION
CENTER
AND
PREVALING WIND
DIRECTION
PIPE
RACK
PIPE
RACK
BRIEFING
AREA
PROTECTION
CENTER
AND
WIND
STREAMER
MUD
UNIT
LOGGING
REMOTE
PREVENTER
AND
EQUIPMENT
BLOW
ACCUMULATOR
STATION
OUT
ENTRANCE
ROAD
BARRICADE
CAUTION SIGN
WITH
WIND
STREAMER
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.3.
88 OF 92
Typical Land Rig Breathing Apparatus Locations
LEGEND
= 30' - 45' SCBA.
= 10' SCBA.
= Wind Sleeve
S = Sensor
A = Alarm ring
Mud Mixing Area
Y = Yellow Flashing Light

R = Permanent Red Light
Mud Pump Zone

Mud Pit
Workshop
Substructure
S
Rig Floor
Bell Nipple
A-Y-R
Derrick Board
Shaleshakers
Safety Material
A-Y-R
Unit
Mud Logging
Contractor's
Office
Agip
Office
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
89 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.4.
PAGE
Emergency Form (To Be Filled When An Emergency Occurs On An En-Agip Rig)
EMERGENCY FORM TO BE FILLED WHEN AN

EMERGENCY OCCURS ON AN ENI-AGIP RIG
01. HOUR / DAY:
02. WHO IS CALLING: NAME
TELEPHONE
03. RIG NAME / LOCATION:
04. HOUR OF ACCIDENT:
05. NATURE OF ACCIDENT: FIRE, EXPLOSION, BLOW-OUT, POLLUTION,
H2S, COLLISION, STABILITY PROBLEMS,
UNCONTROLLED FLOATING, COLLAPSE OF
HOISTING EQUIPMENT, RADIOACTIVE LEAKAGE,
ACCIDENT TO A DIVER, MAN AT SEA, OTHER:
06. NUMBER OF PERSONS AT THE RIG:

07. NUMBER OF PERSONS WOUNDED:
08. NUMBER OF PERSONS MISSING:
09. DECEASED:
10. EXTENT OF DAMAGE:
11. EVACUATION / RESCUE: YES/NO HOW?

12. ACTIONS TAKEN ON THE RIG:
13. ASSISTANCE REQUIRED:
14. WEATHER CONDITION:
WIND :
VISIBILITY:
WEATHER:
CLOUDS:
SEA CONDITION:
CURRENT:
SEA TEMPERATURE:
ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE:
15. ACTIONS TAKEN:
16. PARTECIPANTS:
NAME
NAME
NAME
17. OTHER INFORMATION:
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
90 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.5.
PAGE
Territorial Emergency Report
TERRITORIAL EMERGENCY REPORT
1. Date:
Hour:
2. Installation:
3. Nature of the accident:
Gas
Oil
4. Esteemed flow:
5. Blowout esteemed height:
6. H2S indication:
1. Danger area (300 m around the well over 360)
- H2S concentration:
- SO2 concentration:
2. Health damage risk area (from 300 m to 1000 m

around the well over 360)
3. Polluted area (over 1000 m around the well,

over 360)
Water
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
A.6.
91 OF 92
H2S Drill Report
H2S DRILL REPORT

Eni-Agip Spv. and Rig Contractor Rep. must be awared
of the Company H2S Procedures
Country ...............
Field ..............
Well ....................
RIG name..................
Rig Contractor
...................
Rig Spt. ...................
Driller ......................
Mudlogging ....................
TDC ....................
Mudlogger ...................
Present Operation ..........................................................
H2S sensor: Sh. shaker
Rig Fl.
B.O.P.
Mud Pit
Other
Type of test:
Weekly alert
Emergency
Programmed ...................................
Date.............
hrs..............
By ..................................................................
(name and title of person starting the test)
(hrs at the start test)
Alarm from Mudlogging after min : ......
Alarm from Rig Fl after min: ........
Personnell on Rig Fl n: .....
H2S ppm ....

H2S ppm .....
Present .....
Alarm set @ ppm ............

Alarm set @ ppm ............
Absent ..... ...........................
Total time wear all the breathing apparatus: min. ......

Total time for meeting in safety area min: .....
Total time to put the well in safety condition: min. .....
BOP and Choke Mnfd. H2S Service?
yes
no
ALARM SET UP:
Well sketch
1st alarm
Sensor:
Sh. shaker
Rig Floor
BOP
Mud pit
CSG
m
O.H.
T.D. m
NOTE: bit depth at H2S drill m
Date of last test ..............

2nd alarm
Date of
last test
...........
...........
Alarm set up from instructions by: .......... Date: .......
Test of sensors:Metod ...............................................
H2S safety equipment all present yes
no
H2S equip. in good condition and corrent location
YES
Expiring data fo filters, masks ect.:
Expired n ......
STOCKS
Barite t. .........
Scavenger t. ........
Type .......................
Kill mud: kg/l .........
Volume mc................................
Skill level
: Good
Sufficent
Poor
Safety meeting after test?
Yes
no
NOTE:
Test n... Eni-Agip Spv. ............ Eni-Agip Spt.
.......................
Eni-Agip Drl. Manager...............
NO
ARPO
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
IDENTIFICATION CODE
PAGE
92 OF 92
REVISION
STAP-P-1-M-6150
APPENDIX B - Bibliography
Document:
STAP Number
Overpressure Evaluation Manual
STAP-P-1-M-6130
Drilling Procedures Manual
STAP-P-1-M-6140

p1m6150 Well Control Policy Manual

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ARPO

Purpose of the manual

UPDATING, AMENDMENT, CONTROL & DEROGATION

DRILLING CONTRACTOR'S PERSONNEL

COMPREHENSIVE WELL CONTROL PROCEDURES

PRIMARY WELL CONTROL

SECONDARY WELL CONTROL

SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (Floaters)

POST Shut-In OPERATIONS

PRESSURE DATA RECORDING

OFF BOTTOM KICKS

Well Control Methods

horizontal well considerations

FLOATING RIG CONSIDERATIONS

BOP STACK SYSTEMS

BOP CONTROL SYSTEM

INSIDE PIPE SHUT-OFF DEVICES

MUD GAS SEPARATOR

CASING AND BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS

BOP EQUIPMENT TESTS

bOP TESTing frequency

OTHER TESTS WHILE DRILLING

BLOW-OUT PREVENTION DRILLS

EMERGENCY ON-THE-RIG DRILLS

WELL CONTROL DRILLS

Drill FREQUENCY AND Response TIMES

SHALLOW GAS INVESTIGATION

PRIMARY WELL CONTROL

RECOMMENDED DRILLING PRACTICES

DIVERTER SYSTEM OPERATIng PROCEDURES

10. H2S DRILLING PROCEDURES

10.1. Emergency Safety Plan

10.2. DUTIES OF PERSONNEL

10.3. OPERATING CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES

10.4. Emergency Condition

10.5. ACTIONS TO TAKE FOR THE CONTROL OF AN EMERGENCY

10.6. EMERGENCY TEAM

10.7. DELIMITATION OF THE POLLUTED AREA (onshore)

10.8. PERSONNEL TRAINING

10.9. H2S Prevention drills

10.10. H2S DETECTION SYSTEM

10.11. BREATHING APPARATUS AVAILABILITY

10.12. CASCADE SYSTEM

10.13. USE OF BREATHING APPARATUS

10.14. ADDITIONAL safety features

10.15. INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE OF DETECTION/PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SHALLOW GAS DRILLING GUIDELINE

DRILLING PROCEDURES FOR OFFSHORE WELLS IN H2S

DRILLING PROCEDURE FOR LAND WELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF

PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

UPDATING, AMENDMENT, CONTROL & DEROGATION

DRILLING CONTRACTOR'S PERSONNEL

To have sufficient knowledge of all the equipment in order to be able to determine

Well Control Policies.

COMPREHENSIVE WELL CONTROL PROCEDURES

PRIMARY WELL CONTROL

Wells previously drilled in the same field or in the same area

Detection OF Abnormal Well Conditions

Swabbing in of formation fluids while tripping.

While tripping in and out of hole:

Gas Cut Mud

Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP)

Reduced Pump Stroke Pressure (RPSP)

Once per tour, or every 300m (1,000ft) intervals.